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PON1 protein, human

PON1 (paraoxonase 1) is a glycoprotein enzyme with esterase and lactonase activities, primarily expressed in the liver.
It plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis and metabolism of various substrates, including organophosphate insecticides, nerve agents, and lipid peroxides.
PON1 is believed to have antioxidant properties and may contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Research on the structure, function, and regulation of PON1 is important for understanding its physiological and pharmacological relevance.
Studiing PON1 may provide insights into its potentail therapeutic applications and its role in heatlh and disease.

Most cited protocols related to «PON1 protein, human»

1
Cell Viability Assay of Resveratrol and Ascorbic Acid
Cited 10 times
The neutral red assay [23 (link),24 (link)] was used to determine the cell viability after incubation with the different test compounds. HUH7 cells were seeded at a density of 0.2 × 106 cells/well (for HUH7) or 0.15 × 106 cells/well (for HUH7/PON1) for 24 h and treated with 5-100 μmol/l resveratrol and 10-1000 μmol/l ascorbic acid, respectively. HUH7 cells were incubated with test compounds for 24 h, HUH7/PON1 cells for 48 h. In brief, the culture medium containing the test substances was replaced with fresh serum-containing medium including 60 μg/ml of Neutral Red (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany). After incubation for 1.5 h the medium was removed and the cells were extracted using a solution comprising 50:49:1 (v/v/v) ethanol, water and glacial acetic acid. The absorbance was measured in a plate reader (Labsystems, Helsinki, Finland) at 540 nm.
Wagner A.E., Boesch-Saadatmandi C., Breckwoldt D., Schrader C., Schmelzer C., Döring F., Hashida K., Hori O., Matsugo S, & Rimbach G. (2011). Ascorbic acid partly antagonizes resveratrol mediated heme oxygenase-1 but not paraoxonase-1 induction in cultured hepatocytes - role of the redox-regulated transcription factor Nrf2. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 11, 1.
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Publication 2011
Acetic Acid Ascorbic Acid Biological Assay Cells Cell Survival Ethanol PON1 protein, human Resveratrol Serum
2
Cloning of Highly Toxic C. difficile Genes
Cited 8 times
The tcdB gene was amplified from C. difficile (VPI 10463) chromosomal DNA using forward primer 5'-GCGCTGTACAATGAGTTTAGTTAATAGAAAAC-3' and reverse primer 5'-ATATATGGTACCCTTCACTAATCACTAATTGAGC-3'. The PCR product was digested by BsrGI and KpnI enzymes, and then ligated to pHis1522 vector (MoBiTec, Goettingen, Germany). The full-length of tcdA gene was amplified using the primers 5'-GCGCTGTACAATGTCTTTAATATCTAAAGAAGAGTTAA-3' and 5'-ATATGCATGCCCATA TAT CCCAGGGGCTTTTA-3'. The PCR product was digested by BsrGI and SphI, and then inserted into pHis1522 vector. Both sequences of tcdA and tcdB genes in pHis 1522 vector have been confirmed by DNA sequence using a panel of primers (Table 1). The gene encoding a 28-amino-acid signal peptide of B. megaterium extracellular esterase LipA [22 (link)] that directs protein secretion in the secretory pathway of B. megaterium was synthesized by GeneArt (Regensburg, Germany) and inserted at the site of BsrGI of the tcdB construct. All restriction endonucleases were purchased from New England Biolabs (Cambridge, MA). All DNA cloning and plasmid construction were performed at Tufts University and approved by the Institutional Biosafety Committees and conformed with NIH Recombinant DNA technology guidelines.
Yang G., Zhou B., Wang J., He X., Sun X., Nie W., Tzipori S, & Feng H. (2008). Expression of recombinant Clostridium difficile toxin A and B in Bacillus megaterium. BMC Microbiology, 8, 192.
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Publication 2008
Amino Acids arylesterase Carboxylesterase Chromosomes Cloning Vectors DNA Restriction Enzymes DNA Sequence Enzymes Genes Genetic Engineering Genetic Vectors GPI protein, human Oligonucleotide Primers Plasmids PON1 protein, human protein B Secretions, Bodily Secretory Pathway Signal Peptides trimethylaminocarboxyldihydroboran
3
Paraoxonase Activity Assay and Lipid Profile
Cited 6 times
PON1 activity was measured spectrophotometrically using paraoxon (O,O-diethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate, Sigma Chemical Co., MO, USA) as substrate. Five microliters of serum or plasma without heparin mixed with 95 μL assay buffer (2.0 mol/L NaCl, 100 mmol/L Tris-HCl, 2.0 mmol/L CaCl2, pH 8.5) was placed in a 96-well plate, and then 100 μL paraoxon solution (2.4 mmol/L in assay buffer) was added into each well. The rate of generation of product p-nitrophenol was monitored by measuring the increase of absorbance at 405 nm at 25°C within 4 min. PON1 activity was calculated from the molar extinction coefficient (17,000 M−1·cm−1). One unit of PON1 activity was defined as 1 nmol of p-nitrophenol formed per minute under the previous conditions and expressed as U/mL serum.
Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetric assays (Prodia diagnostics, Boetzingen, Germany). HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was determined after precipitation of the apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using Friedewald formula (Sekisui, Tokyo, JP). Lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), and apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) were detected by immunoturbidimetric assays (Prodia diagnostics, Boetzingen, Germany). All the assays were performed blindly. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels of mice were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (eBioscience, San Diego, USA). Each sample was assayed in triplicate, and the intra-assay coefficient of variation was less than 10%. The concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in human plasma was determined on an Olympus analyzer by a high sensitivity latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetry assay using Nanopia CRP kit (Sekisui, Tokyo, JP) with standards and controls supplied by the manufacturer.
Zhou C., Cao J., Shang L., Tong C., Hu H., Wang H., Fan D, & Yu H. (2013). Reduced Paraoxonase 1 Activity as a Marker for Severe Coronary Artery Disease. Disease markers, 35(2), 97-103.
Publication 2013
Apolipoprotein A-I Apolipoprotein B-100 Apolipoproteins B Biological Assay Buffers Cholesterol Cholesterol, beta-Lipoprotein Colorimetry C Reactive Protein Diagnosis diethyl phosphate Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Enzyme Assays Extinction, Psychological Heparin High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Homo sapiens Hypersensitivity Immunoturbidimetric Assay interleukin-6, mouse Latex Lipoprotein (a) Molar Nitrophenols Paraoxon Plasma PON1 protein, human Serum Sodium Chloride TNF protein, human Triglycerides Tromethamine
4
Intracellular ROS Measurement Protocol
Cited 5 times
Intracellular ROS levels were measured using the ROS-sensitive fluorescent dye 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) as described previously [29] (link)–[31] (link), [33] (link). After Raw 264.7 cells were incubated with PEP-1-PON1 protein (0.3 µM) for 1 h, they were treated with different concentrations of LPS (10 ng/ml for 50 min or 1 µg/ml for 30 min). Also, the cells were treated with different concentrations of H2O2 (1 mM for 20 min or 2 mM for 10 min). After having been washed twice with PBS, the cells were incubated with DCF-DA (20 µM) for 30 min at 37°C. Then intracellular fluorescence was measured at 485 nm excitation and 538 nm emission using a Fluoroskan ELISA plate reader (Labsystems Oy, Helsinki, Finland). Also, intracellular fluorescence images were taken using a fluorescence microscope (Nikon eclipse 80i, Japan).
Kim M.J., Jeong H.J., Kim D.W., Sohn E.J., Jo H.S., Kim D.S., Kim H.A., Park E.Y., Park J.H., Son O., Han K.H., Park J., Eum W.S, & Choi S.Y. (2014). PEP-1-PON1 Protein Regulates Inflammatory Response in Raw 264.7 Macrophages and Ameliorates Inflammation in a TPA-Induced Animal Model. PLoS ONE, 9(1), e86034.
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Publication 2014
2-(2-(2-chloro-3-(2-(3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-1-(4-sulfo-butyl)-3H-indol-2-yl)-vinyl)-cyclohex-2-enylidene)-ethylidene)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-sulfo-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid Cells Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fluorescence Fluorescent Dyes Microscopy, Fluorescence Pep-1 peptide Peroxide, Hydrogen PON1 protein, human Protoplasm RAW 264.7 Cells
5
CHAMACOS Study: Pesticides and Child Health
Cited 5 times
The CHAMACOS study is a longitudinal birth cohort study of the effects of exposures to pesticides and other environmental chemicals on neurodevelopment, growth, and respiratory disease in children from primarily Latino farmworker families in the Salinas Valley, California (Eskenazi et al. 2003 ). Located in Monterey County, the Salinas Valley is an intensive agricultural area where > 235,000 kg of OP pesticides are applied annually (California Department of Pesticide Regulation 2005 ). A total of 601 pregnant women were enrolled in the CHAMACOS study, and 528 delivered newborns. Mothers in the CHAMACOS cohort were primarily low-income, Mexican-born, Spanish-speaking women who were farmworkers themselves or lived with farmworkers. In this analysis, we include those mothers who had measured levels of urinary DAP metabolites during pregnancy and whose children were followed up to 2 years of age (n = 371). Most women (n = 351) and children (n = 369) provided a blood specimen that was genotyped for PON1192 and PON1−108, and a smaller portion of these mothers and children had adequate blood samples for PON1 enzyme measurements (n = 304, 266, and 250 for mothers, umbilical cord, and 2-year-olds, respectively) (Huen et al. 2009a (link), 2010 (link)). Study protocols were approved by the University of California, Berkeley, Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects. Written informed consent was obtained from all mothers for themselves and their children.
Eskenazi B., Huen K., Marks A., Harley K.G., Bradman A., Barr D.B, & Holland N. (2010). PON1 and Neurodevelopment in Children from the CHAMACOS Study Exposed to Organophosphate Pesticides in Utero. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(12), 1775-1781.
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Publication 2010
A 601 BLOOD Child Childbirth Enzymes Farmers Hispanic or Latino Infant, Newborn Latinos Mothers Pesticides PON1 protein, human Pregnancy Pregnant Women Respiration Disorders Umbilical Cord Woman

Most recents protocols related to «PON1 protein, human»

1
Selectivity of FAAH Inhibitors Against Serine Hydrolases
Not available on PMC !

Example 39

Generally, pharmacophores for FAAH inhibitors, urea and non-urea based, interact by either carbamoylating or forming transition-state mimics with the catalytic serine residue. However, since a large number of hydrolases utilize a similar catalytic serine residue, many FAAH inhibitors have suffered from poor selectivity. Therefore, the potency of t-TUCB, A-14 and A-21 on several other serine hydrolases was tested. Included in this panel were carboxylesterases, hydrolases involved in xenobiotic detoxification, and paraoxonases and esterases involved in the regulation of arterosclerosis. As is shown in Table 5 below, none of these serine hydrolases were inhibited by t-TUCB, A-14, or A-21.

TABLE 5
Selectivity of A-14 and A-15 against other serine hydrolases.
IC50 (nM)
Enzyme1728A-14A-21
FAAH14024120
sEH0.832
MAGL>10,000>10,000>10,000
hCE1>10,000>10,000>10,000
hCE2>10,000>10,000>10,000
PON1>10,000>10,000>10,000
PON2>10,000>10,000>10,000
PON3>10,000>10,000>10,000
AADAC>10,000>10,0005,400

US11873288B2. Inhibitors for soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) (2024-01-16). The Regents of the University of California [US]. Inventors: Bruce Hammock [US], Sean Kodani [US].
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Patent 2024
Aryldialkylphosphatase Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases Catalysis Enzymes Esterases Genetic Selection Hydrolase inhibitors Metabolic Detoxication, Drug PON1 protein, human PON2 protein, human Serine Urea Xenobiotics
2
Immortalized Human Hepatocyte Cell Lines
An immortalized nontumorigenic normal human hepatocyte cell line MIHA and HCC cell lines HCC-LM3 and HepG2 were purchased from the Fenghui Biotech Co., Ltd. (Hunan, China) with STR report. The MIHA cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 and HCC-LM3 and HepG2 were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (Gibco, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma), 100 μg/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Solarbio, Shanghai, China) at 37°CC and 5% CO2.
Total protein was extracted by using Takara kit. The Protein concentration was detected by BCA assay. The primary antibodies used in this study were anti-CYP2C9 (1:1000, Abcam), anti-PON1(1:1000, Abcam) anti-beta-Actin (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology).
Han C., Chen J., Huang J., Zhu R., Zeng J., Yu H, & He Z. (2023). Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals the metabolic changes and the prognostic value of malignant hepatocyte subpopulations and predict new therapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, 1104262.
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Publication 2023
16-iodo-3-methylhexadecanoic acid Antibodies beta-Actin Biological Assay Cell Lines Cells Culture Media Eagle Hepatocyte Homo sapiens Penicillins PON1 protein, human Proteins Streptomycin
3
Quantification of Serum Biomarkers in Rabbits
ELISA method was used in the evaluation of serum levels of VCAM-1 (Rabbit VCAM-1 ELISA kit, CSB-E10092Rb, Cusabio Technology LLC, Houston, TX, USA), ICAM-1 (ELISA kit for Rabbit ICAM-1, ERB0114, Fine Test, Wuhan Fine Biotech Corp., Wuhan, China), CRP (C Reactive Protein Rabbit ELISA Kit, AB157726-1X, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), PON-1 (Elisa kit PON1 Rabbit, E0011Rb, Bioassay Technology Laboratory, Shanghai, China), MCP-1 (ELISA kit for Rabbit MCP-1, ERB0074, Fine Test, Wuhan Fine Biotech Corp., Wuhan, China) and PCT (ELISA kit for Rabbit PCT, ERB0144, Fine Test, Wuhan Fine Biotech Corp., Wuhan, China). All tests were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All concentrations were expressed as ng/mL or pg/mL.
Danielewski M., Gomułkiewicz A., Kucharska A.Z., Matuszewska A., Nowak B., Piórecki N., Trocha M., Szandruk-Bender M., Jawień P., Szeląg A., Dzięgiel P, & Sozański T. (2023). Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Iridoid and Anthocyanin-Rich Extract Reduces Various Oxidation, Inflammation, and Adhesion Markers in a Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3890.
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Publication 2023
Biological Assay CCL2 protein, human C Reactive Protein Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 PON1 protein, human Rabbits Serum Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
4
Ultrastructural Analysis of Heart Tissue
Very small pieces of heart tissue of all experimental groups and the control were immediately fixed in 4% formalin and 1% glutaraldehyde (4FIG fixative mixture), and rinsed in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) at 4 °C for 24 hr. This was followed by post-fixation using 1% Buffered Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) at 4 °C for 2 hr. Then, the samples were washed several times with a phosphate buffer for 30 min and dehydrated through ascending grades of ethanol concentrations at 4 °C. Then, the specimen was treated with propylene oxide and embedded in a 1:1 mixture of E.pon-Araldite resin mixture [32 ]. Ultrathin sections (60 nm thick) were obtained from such specimens by cutting with glass on an LKB ultramicrotome, mounted on 200 mesh naked copper grids, double stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for 30 min and lead citrate for 23–30 min, examined, and photographed with a Jeol transmission microscope.
Attia A.A., Sorour J.M., Mohamed N.A., Mansour T.T., Al-Eisa R.A, & El-Shenawy N.S. (2023). Biochemical, Histological, and Ultrastructural Studies of the Protective Role of Vitamin E on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Male Rats. Biomedicines, 11(2), 390.
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Publication 2023
araldite Buffers Citrates Copper Ethanol Fixatives Formalin Glutaral Heart Microscopy Osmium Tetroxide Phosphates PON1 protein, human propylene oxide Resins, Plant Tissues Transmission, Communicable Disease Ultramicrotomy uranyl acetate
5
Comprehensive Lipid Profile and Oxidation Analysis
The lipid profile and apolipoprotein concentrations included total cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), apoB, apoA-I, apoA-II, apoC-III, apoE, apoJ, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc), LDLc, HDLc, and oxLDL. The cholesterol of lipoprotein fractions was quantified by using a direct HDLc method (HDL-C plus, Abbott Core Laboratory, Chicago, IL, USA). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, apoB, and HDLc kits were from Abbott, and were measured in an Alinity ci-series autoanalyzer (Abbott). NEFA (Wako Chemicals, Osaka, Japan), apoA-I (Roche, Basel, Switzerland), apoA-II, apoC-III, and apoE (Kamiya Biomedical, Seattle, WA, USA) were measured in a Cobas 6000/c501 autoanalyzer (Roche). ApoJ and oxLDL were quantified by ELISA kits (Mabtech, Stockholm, Sweden and R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, respectively) according to manufacturer’s instructions.
Parameters related to oxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant capacity, were measured by the MDA/thiobarbituric test and by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, respectively. Nitrite levels in serum were measured by the Griess method.
PAF-AH activity was quantified using 2-thio-PAF (Cayman Chemicals, Denver, CO, USA) as a substrate [34 (link)] and PON-1 activity by using phenylacetate (Sigma/Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), as described [35 (link)]. Total PAF-AH activity was measured in serum. In addition, both PAF-AH and PON-1 activities, as well as ChE, detailed hereafter, were also determined in apoB-depleted serum (HDL fraction) obtained by serum precipitation with dextran sulfate [36 (link)].
Puig N., Camps-Renom P., Solé A., Aguilera-Simón A., Jiménez-Xarrié E., Fernández-León A., Camacho M., Guasch-Jiménez M., Marin R., Martí-Fàbregas J., Martínez-Domeño A., Prats-Sánchez L., Casoni F., Pérez B., Jiménez-Altayó F., Sánchez-Quesada J.L, & Benitez S. (2023). Electronegative LDL Is Associated with Plaque Vulnerability in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Carotid Atherosclerosis. Antioxidants, 12(2), 438.
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Publication 2023
2-acetyl-S-octadecyl-1-thioglycero-3-phosphocholine Antioxidants APOA1 protein, human APOB protein, human ApoC-III ApoE protein, human Apolipoprotein A-II Apolipoproteins Caimans Cholesterol CLU protein, human diphenyl Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fatty Acids, Esterified Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, Familial Lipids lipoprotein cholesterol Malondialdehyde Nitrites Nonesterified Fatty Acids oxidized low density lipoprotein phenyl acetate PON1 protein, human Serum Sulfate, Dextran Triglycerides Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Top products related to «PON1 protein, human»

1
Paraoxon by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Hungary, Israel, United Kingdom
Paraoxon is a laboratory reagent used in analytical chemistry and biochemical research. It is a chemical compound that can be utilized as a substrate or analytical standard in various assays and investigations. The core function of Paraoxon is to serve as a tool for scientific analysis and experimentation, without interpretation of its intended use.
2
Phenylacetate by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Hungary
Phenylacetate is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. Phenylacetate is commonly used as a reagent in organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, and biochemical research.
3
Phenylacetate substrate by Merck Group
Sourced in Hungary
Phenylacetate substrate is a chemical compound used in analytical and research laboratory settings. It serves as a substrate for various enzymatic reactions and assays. The product provides a standardized material for consistent and reliable experimental procedures, but its specific applications and intended uses are not included in this factual description.
4
Cobas 8000 by Roche
Sourced in Switzerland, Germany, United States, Japan, France, Italy, China, United Kingdom, Sweden
The Cobas 8000 is a modular, automated in-vitro diagnostic system designed for high-throughput clinical chemistry and immunochemistry testing. It is used to perform a wide range of laboratory tests, including those for chemistry, immunoassay, and electrolyte analysis. The Cobas 8000 is capable of processing a large volume of samples efficiently and accurately.
5
Amplifluor by Merck Group
Amplifluor is a lab equipment product designed for nucleic acid amplification. It functions as a fluorescent detection system for real-time PCR assays. The core function of Amplifluor is to enable the detection and quantification of target DNA or RNA sequences during the amplification process.
6
Qiaamp dna blood mini kit by Qiagen
Sourced in Germany, United States, Spain, United Kingdom, Japan, Netherlands, France, China, Canada, Italy, Australia, Switzerland, India, Brazil, Norway
The QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the extraction and purification of genomic DNA from small volumes of whole blood, buffy coat, plasma, or serum samples. It utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to efficiently capture and wash DNA, while removing contaminants and inhibitors.
7
Ab24261 by Abcam
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Ab24261 is a laboratory equipment product. It is designed to perform a core function in the laboratory setting. The details of its intended use and capabilities are not available for this specific product.
8
Dcfh da by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Argentina
DCFH-DA is a fluorogenic probe used for the detection and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems. It is a cell-permeant compound that is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to the non-fluorescent DCFH, which is then oxidized by ROS to the highly fluorescent DCF.
9
Protease inhibitor cocktail by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Canada, Macao, Switzerland, Spain, Australia, Israel, Hungary, Ireland, Denmark, Brazil, Poland, India, Mexico, Senegal, Netherlands, Singapore
The Protease Inhibitor Cocktail is a laboratory product designed to inhibit the activity of proteases, which are enzymes that can degrade proteins. It is a combination of various chemical compounds that work to prevent the breakdown of proteins in biological samples, allowing for more accurate analysis and preservation of protein integrity.
10
Sybr safe by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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SYBR Safe is a sensitive nucleic acid stain used for detecting DNA or RNA in agarose gels. It exhibits low toxicity and can be used in place of traditional ethidium bromide staining.

More about "PON1 protein, human"

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a multifunctional glycoprotein enzyme that plays a crucial role in various physiological and pharmacological processes.
This versatile protein, primarily expressed in the liver, exhibits esterase and lactonase activities, allowing it to hydrolyze and metabolize a diverse range of substrates, including organophosphate insecticides, nerve agents, and lipid peroxides.
Reseach on the structure, function, and regulation of PON1 has garnered significant interest due to its potential therapeutic applications and its role in health and disease.
PON1 is believed to possess antioxidant properties, and its involvement in the prevention of cardiovascular disease has been a focus of numerous studies.
Exploring the PON1 enzyme encompasses various related terms and subtopics.
Paraoxon, a potent organophosphate compound, is a well-known substrate for PON1's esterase activity.
Phenylacetate, another substrate, is commonly used to assess PON1's lactonase function.
The Cobas 8000 analyzer and Amplifluor assay are among the analytical tools employed to measure PON1 activity.
To study PON1, researchers often utilize techniques such as the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit for DNA extraction, and the DCFH-DA assay to evaluate the enzyme's antioxidant properties.
Protease inhibitor cocktails are frequently employed to preserve the integrity of PON1 during experimentation.
Advancing our understanding of PON1 is crucial for unraveling its physiological relevance and exploring its potential therapeutic applications.
By leveraging the latest research methodologies and tools, scientists can continue to expand our knowledge of this versatile and fascinating protein.