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Protein Phosphatase

Protein phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphate groups from proteins, playing a crucial role in regulating cellular processes.
These enzymes dephosphorylate target proteins, counteracting the actions of protein kinases and maintaining the delicate balance of phosphorylation within cells.
Protein phosphatases are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, metabolism, and disease development.
Understanding the functions and regulation of protein phosphatasses is essential for elucidating the complex signaling networks that govern cellular homeostasis and organism health.
Researchres can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform to streamlie their protein phosphatasse studies, easily locating relevant protocols and leveraging intelligent comparisons to identify the most reproducible and accurate methods.

Most cited protocols related to «Protein Phosphatase»

Cardiac Function in Nox2 Transgenic Mice

Cited 14 times

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Publication 2015

Animals Biological Assay Caffeine Calcium calyculin A Chemiluminescence DNA, Complementary Homo sapiens Left Ventricles Lucigenin malachite green Mice, Laboratory Mice, Transgenic Myocardium Myocytes, Cardiac myosin light chain 2 Pressure Protein Phosphatase Psychological Inhibition Sarcomeres Sodium Student Systole Transients

Phosphatase Treatment of Brain Protein Fractions

Cited 12 times

Sarkosyl-insoluble, urea-soluble fractions were extracted from the frontal and the temporal regions of control, FTLD-U and ALS brains as previously described23 (link). The samples before (−) and after (+) the treatment with lambda protein phosphatase (λPPase) were loaded on 10% SDS-PAGE. Proteins in the gel were then electrotransferred onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA). After blocking with 3% gelatin in Tris-buffered saline (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 500 mM NaCl), membranes were incubated overnight with the primary antibodies. Following incubation with an appropriate biotinylated secondary antibody, labeling was detected as previously described13 (link), 23 (link).

Hasegawa M., Arai T., Nonaka T., Kametani F., Yoshida M., Hashizume Y., Beach T.G., Buratti E., Baralle F., Morita M., Nakano I., Oda T., Tsuchiya K, & Akiyama H. (2008). Phosphorylated TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and ALS. Annals of neurology, 64(1), 60-70.

Publication 2008

Antibodies Brain Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Gelatins Immunoglobulins polyvinylidene fluoride Protein Phosphatase Proteins Saline Solution SDS-PAGE Sodium Chloride sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Temporal Lobe Tissue, Membrane Tromethamine Urea

Statistical Analysis of Molecular Interactions

Cited 7 times

The statistical test for the range constraint is defined in SI Section 1.3. The statistical significance test for the independence constraint is based on the Mutual Information, as described in [59 (link)] (see also SI Sections 1.5 and 1.6).
For the category-specific analysis, we further selected 542 signaling proteins (GO molecular function: “protein kinase activity”, “phosphoprotein phosphatase activity”, “acetyltransferase activity” and “deacetylase activity”) and 598 TFs (GO molecular category: “transcription factor activity”) as candidate modulators.

Wang K., Saito M., Bisikirska B.C., Alvarez M.J., Lim W.K., Rajbhandari P., Shen Q., Nemenman I., Basso K., Margolin A.A., Klein U., Dalla-Favera R, & Califano A. (2009). Genome-wide Identification of Post-translational Modulators of Transcription Factor Activity in Human B-Cells. Nature biotechnology, 27(9), 829-839.

Publication 2009

Acetyltransferase Protein Kinases Protein Phosphatase Proteins Transcription Factor

Statistical Analysis of Molecular Interactions

Cited 7 times

Publication 2009

Acetyltransferase Protein Kinases Protein Phosphatase Proteins Transcription Factor

Immunoprecipitation and Western Blotting Protocol

Cited 6 times

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Publication 2012

Anti-Antibodies Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Cells Edetic Acid G-substrate Gels GTP-Binding Proteins Immunoglobulins Immunoprecipitation inhibitors Nonidet P-40 Peroxidase polyvinylidene fluoride PPARGC1A protein, human Protease Inhibitors Protein Phosphatase Proteins SDS-PAGE Sepharose Sodium Chloride Staphylococcal Protein A Tissue, Membrane Tissues Tromethamine Ubiquitin

Most recents protocols related to «Protein Phosphatase»

Candidate Gene Screening for Tobacco Mutants

Not available on PMC !

Example 5

Three tobacco lines, FC401 wild type (Wt); FC40-M207 mutant line fourth generation (M4) and FC401-M544 mutant line fourth generation (M4) were used for candidate gene screening. Low anatabine traits were confirmed for the two tobacco mutant lines (M207 and M544) in root and leaf before screening (see FIG. 3).

RNA was extracted from root tissues of wild type (Wt) FC401, M207 and M544 with RNeasy Plus Mini kit from Quiagen Inc. following the manufacturer's protocol. cDNA libraries were prepared from the RNAs using In-Fusion® SMARTer® Directional cDNA Library Construction Kit from Clontech Inc. cDNA libraries were diluted to 100 ng/μl and used as the template for candidate gene PCR screening.

PCR amplifications were performed in 50 μl final volumes that contained 50-100 ng of template DNA (i.e., the cDNA library) and 0.2 μM of primers (Fisher Scientific) using the Platinum® Taq DNA Polymerase High Fidelity kit (Life Technology Inc.). Thermocycling conditions included a 5 min incubation at 94° C.; followed by 34 cycles of 30 seconds at 94° C., 30 seconds at 58° C., 1 min 30 seconds at 68° C.; with a final reaction step of 68° C. for 7 mins. The PCR products were evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis, and desired bands were gel purified and sequenced using an ABI 3730 DNA Analyzer (ABI).

51 candidate genes (listed in Table 4) were cloned from F401, Wt, M207 and M544 lines, and sequenced for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection.

TABLE 4

Listing of Candidate Genes for Screening

Quinolinate Synthase A-1Pathogenesis related protein 1

Allene oxide synthaseAllene oxide cyclase

ET861088.1 Methyl esteraseFH733463.1 TGACG-sequence specific transcription factor

FH129193.1 Aquaporin-TransportFH297656.1 Universal stress protein

Universal stress protein Tabacum sequenceFH077657.1 Scarecrow-like protein

FH864888.1 EIN3-binding F-box proteinFH029529.1 4,5 DOPA dioxygenase

FI010668.1 Ethylene-responsive transcription EB430189 Carboxylesterase

factor

DW001704 Glutathione S transferaseEB683763 Bifunctional inhibitor/lipid transfer protein/seed

storage 2S albumin

DW002318 Serine/threonine protein kinaseDW004086 Superoxide dismutase

DW001733 Lipid transfer protein DIRIDW001944 Protein phosphatase 2C

DW002033EB683763 Bifunctional inhibitor/lipid transfer protein/seed

storage 2S albumin

DW002318 Serine/threonine protein kinaseDW002576 Glycosyl hydrolase of unknown function DUF1680

EB683279EB683763

EB683951FG141784 (FAD Oxidoreductase)

BBLa-Tabacum sequencesBBLb

BBLeBBLd

PdrlPdr2

Pdr3Pdr5a

Pdr5bNtMATEl

NtMATE2NtMATE3

WRKY8EIG-I24

WRKY3WRKY9

EIG-E17AJ748263.1 QPT2 quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase

AJ748262.1 QPT1

US11873500B2. Genetic locus imparting a low anatabine trait in tobacco and methods of using (2024-01-16). ALTRIA CLIENT SERVICES LLC [US]. Inventors: Chengalrayan Kudithipudi [US], Alec J. Hayes [US], Robert Frank Hart [US], Yanxin Shen [US], Jesse Frederick [US], Dongmei Xu [US].

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Patent 2024

Albumins allene oxide cyclase allene oxide synthase Amino Acid Sequence anatabine Carboxylesterase cDNA Library Dioxygenases Dopa Electrophoresis, Agar Gel Esterases Ethylenes Genes Glutathione S-Transferase Heat Shock Proteins Histocompatibility Testing Hydrolase lipid transfer protein Neoplasm Metastasis Nicotiana Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase (carboxylating) NOS1 protein, human Oligonucleotide Primers Oxidoreductase pathogenesis Plant Leaves Plant Roots Platinum Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases Protein-Threonine Phosphatase Protein Kinases protein methylesterase Protein Phosphatase Protein Phosphatase 2C Proteins Quinolinate RNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Superoxide Dismutase Synapsin I Taq Polymerase Transcription, Genetic Transcription Factor Transfer Factor Water Channel

Quantification of PP2A Phosphatase Activity

Hippocampal neurons were initially lysed in accordance with the instructions provided in the Serine/Threonine Phosphatase Assay Kit (V2460, Promega). Lysates were then centrifuged at 1 × 10⁵g at 4°C for 1 hour in phosphatase storage buffer [2 mM EGTA, 5 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 50 mM tris-HCl (pH 7.4), and 0.5% protease inhibitor cocktail]. Sephadex G-25 spin columns were used to remove free phosphate found endogenously, followed by incubation for 1 hour at 37°C in PP2A reaction buffer [250 mM imidazole (pH 7.2), 1 mM EGTA, 0.1% β-mercaptoethanol, and BSA (0.5 mg/ml)] supplemented with Ser/Thr phosphopeptide. The reaction was stopped by adding 50 μl of molybdate dye/additive mixture. After 30 min, absorbance was measured at 600 nm in a 96-well microplate reader (Tecan). PP2A activity measurements were normalized to the total DNA content in biological replicates using a CyQUANT assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). PP2B and PP2C show very low to no detectable activity in the presence of EGTA (PP2B) and EDTA (PP2C); it is also noteworthy that the phosphopeptide used in this assay is a poor substrate for protein phosphatase 1.

Gouveia Roque C., Chung K.M., McCurdy E.P., Jagannathan R., Randolph L.K., Herline-Killian K., Baleriola J, & Hengst U. (2023). CREB3L2-ATF4 heterodimerization defines a transcriptional hub of Alzheimer’s disease gene expression linked to neuropathology. Science Advances, 9(9), eadd2671.

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Publication 2023

2-Mercaptoethanol Biological Assay Biopharmaceuticals Buffers dye 50 Edetic Acid Egtazic Acid imidazole molybdate Neurons Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride Phosphates Phosphopeptides Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases PPP2R4 protein, human Promega Protease Inhibitors Protein Phosphatase Protein Phosphatase 1 sephadex G 25 Sodium Chloride Triton X-100 Tromethamine

Categorizing Differentially Expressed Genes

We categories the 636 DEGs with transcriptional divergence into the following functional groups: cytokines, chemokines and their receptors (GO: 0005125 (cytokine activity), GO: 0008009 (chemokine activity), GO: 0004896 (cytokine receptor activity), and GO: 0004950 (chemokine receptor activity)); TFs (as in TF classification (TFClass) [56 (link)]); kinases and phosphatases (GO: 0004672 (protein kinase activity) and GO: 0004721 (phosphoprotein phosphatase activity)).
The divergence values of these functional subsets were compared to the entire group of 636 DEGs. Gene lists belonging to the aforementioned GO annotations were downloaded using the highly customizable BioMart data mining tool [57 (link)] implanted in Ensembl (http://www.ensembl.org/biomart/martview) [58 ]. We mapped human TFs found by TFClass to the orthologs in mouse and rat using the BioMart data mining tool.

Ji X., Cai J., Liang L., Shi T, & Liu J. (2023). Gene expression variability across cells and species shapes the relationship between renal resident macrophages and infiltrated macrophages. BMC Bioinformatics, 24, 72.

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Publication 2023

Chemokine Chemokine Receptor Cytokine Genes Homo sapiens Mus Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Phosphotransferases Protein Kinases Protein Phosphatase Receptors, Cytokine Transcription, Genetic

Subcellular Localization of CEACAM5 in Colorectal Cancer Cells

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Publication 2023

alexa fluor 488 Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Biological Assay Buffers CEACAM5 protein, human Cell Adhesion Cell Lines Cells Chemiluminescence DAPI GAPDH protein, human Goat Homo sapiens HT29 Cells Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal IGG-horseradish peroxidase Immunofluorescence Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulins inhibitors Microscopy, Confocal paraform Peptide Hydrolases PKH 26 Plasma Membrane polyacrylamide gels polyvinylidene fluoride Protein Phosphatase Proteins Rabbits Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay Technique, Dilution Tissue, Membrane Western Blot

Protein Expression Analysis of Tumor Tissue

Total protein was extracted from the tumor tissue using RIPA protein extraction reagent containing phosphatase and protease inhibitors. The total protein concentration was measured using a BCA Protein Assay Kit. Then, the protein samples were mixed with a loading buffer (containing β-mercaptoethanol) and were heated at 100 ℃ for 10 min. Immunoblotting was performed using Bcl2-Associated X Protein (BAX) (Abcam, ab32503), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) (Abcam, 182858), SLC7A11 (Huabio, HA600097), GPX-4 (Bioss, 3884R), p53 (Proteintech, 60283-2-1g), GSK-3β (Huabio, ET1607-71), p-GSK-3β (Bioss, 2066R), Nrf-2 (Santa Cruz, 365949), cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) (Huabio, ER31219), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) (Huabio, ET1604-28), MMP2 (Proteintech, 10373-2-AP), MMP9 (Proteintech, 10375-2-AP), Histone-H3 (Proteintech, 17168-1-AP), and β-actin (Proteintech, HRP-60008). Densitometry was performed using ImageJ software.

Xu F., Zhang J., Ji L., Cui W., Cui J., Tang Z., Sun N., Zhang G., Guo M., Liu B, & Dong J. (2023). Inhibition of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Ferroptosis and Apoptosis Induction through P53 and GSK-3β/Nrf2 Signal Pathways using Qingrehuoxue Formula. Journal of Cancer, 14(3), 336-349.

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Publication 2023

2-Mercaptoethanol Actins B-Cell Lymphomas Biological Assay Buffers Densitometry GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor Histone H3 MMP2 protein, human MMP9 protein, human Neoplasms Protease Inhibitors Protein Phosphatase Proteins Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay Tissues VEGF protein, human

Top products related to «Protein Phosphatase»

Lambda protein phosphatase by New England Biolabs

Sourced in United States

Lambda protein phosphatase is a recombinant enzyme that catalyzes the removal of phosphate groups from proteins and other biomolecules. It has a broad substrate specificity and can dephosphorylate a wide range of phosphorylated proteins.

Pvdf membrane by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, Morocco, Ireland, France, Italy, Japan, Canada, Spain, Switzerland, New Zealand, India, Hong Kong, Sao Tome and Principe, Sweden, Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Austria

PVDF membranes are a type of laboratory equipment used for a variety of applications. They are made from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a durable and chemically resistant material. PVDF membranes are known for their high mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to a wide range of chemicals. They are commonly used in various filtration, separation, and analysis processes in scientific and research settings.

λ protein phosphatase by New England Biolabs

Sourced in United States

λ protein phosphatase is a recombinant enzyme that can remove phosphate groups from serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues on proteins. It is a widely used tool in biochemical research for the dephosphorylation of proteins.

Serine threonine phosphatase assay system by Promega

Sourced in United States

The Serine/Threonine Phosphatase Assay System is a kit that enables the quantitative measurement of serine/threonine phosphatase activity in biological samples. It provides a simple and reliable method for detecting and analyzing the activity of these important regulatory enzymes.

Protease inhibitor cocktail by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Canada, Macao, Switzerland, Spain, Australia, Israel, Hungary, Ireland, Denmark, Brazil, Poland, India, Mexico, Senegal, Netherlands, Singapore

The Protease Inhibitor Cocktail is a laboratory product designed to inhibit the activity of proteases, which are enzymes that can degrade proteins. It is a combination of various chemical compounds that work to prevent the breakdown of proteins in biological samples, allowing for more accurate analysis and preservation of protein integrity.

Protein phosphatase inhibitor by Solarbio

Sourced in China, United States

Protein phosphatase inhibitor is a class of chemical compounds that selectively inhibit the activity of protein phosphatases, which are enzymes responsible for the dephosphorylation of proteins. These inhibitors are commonly used in research applications to study the role of protein phosphorylation in cellular processes.

Bca protein assay kit by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, Australia, Sweden, Spain, Israel, Lithuania, Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, India, Singapore

The BCA Protein Assay Kit is a colorimetric detection and quantification method for total protein concentration. It utilizes bicinchoninic acid (BCA) for the colorimetric detection and quantification of total protein. The assay is based on the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu1+ by protein in an alkaline medium, with the chelation of BCA with the Cu1+ ion resulting in a purple-colored reaction product that exhibits a strong absorbance at 562 nm, which is proportional to the amount of protein present in the sample.

Ripa lysis buffer by Beyotime

Sourced in China, United States, Switzerland, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom

RIPA lysis buffer is a detergent-based buffer solution designed for the extraction and solubilization of proteins from cells and tissues. It contains a mixture of ionic and non-ionic detergents that disrupt cell membranes and solubilize cellular proteins. The buffer also includes additional components that help to maintain the stability and activity of the extracted proteins.

Protease inhibitor cocktail by Roche

Sourced in United States, Switzerland, Germany, China, United Kingdom, France, Canada, Japan, Italy, Australia, Austria, Sweden, Spain, Cameroon, India, Macao, Belgium, Israel

Protease inhibitor cocktail is a laboratory reagent used to inhibit the activity of proteases, which are enzymes that break down proteins. It is commonly used in protein extraction and purification procedures to prevent protein degradation.

Rediplate 96 enzchek serine threonine phosphatase assay kit by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States

The RediPlate 96 EnzChek serine/threonine phosphatase assay kit is a laboratory equipment product that provides a fluorescence-based method for measuring the activity of serine/threonine phosphatases.

What are the different types of Protein Phosphatases?

Protein phosphatases can be classified into several families based on their structure and substrate specificity. The major types include serine/threonine phosphatases (PP1, PP2A, PP2B, PP2C, PP5, etc.), tyrosine phosphatases (PTP, LMWPTP, RPTP, etc.), and dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) that can target both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues. Each type plays distinct roles in regulating cellular processes like signaling, metabolism, and cell cycle control.

How do Protein Phosphatases help regulate cellular processes?

Protein phosphatases work in concert with protein kinases to maintain the delicate balance of protein phosphorylation within cells. By removing phosphate groups, phosphatases counteract the phosphorylation activities of kinases. This dynamic interplay allows cells to precisely control the activation state of signaling proteins, enzymes, and transcription factors, thereby regulating a wide range of physiological processes such as metabolism, cell growth, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of phosphatase activity has been linked to the development of diseases like cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.

What are some common applications of Protein Phosphatase research?

Studying Protein Phosphatases is crucial for understanding cellular signaling networks and their role in health and disease. Researchers leverage Protein Phosphatase assays to: 1) Identify phosphatase substrates and map signaling pathways 2) Investigate the regulation of phosphatase activity by cofactors, inhibitors, or post-translational modifications 3) Develop targeted therapies by modulating phosphatase function in disease conditions like cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegeneration 4) Optimize enzyme kinetics and specificity for biotechnological applications like biosensors and biocatalysis

How can PubCompare.ai assist with Protein Phosphatase research?

PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform can streamline your Protein Phosphatase research in several ways: 1. Screen protocol literature more efficiently: Easily locate relevant protocols from publications, preprints, and patents related to Protein Phosphatase studies. 2. Leverage AI to pinpoint Critical Insights: PubCompare.ai's intelligent comparisons can help you identify the most reproducible and accurate methods for your specific Protein Phosphatase experiments, saving time and improving research outcomes. 3. Choose the best protocols: The platform's analysis highlights key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to select the optimal approach for your Protein Phosphatase experiments based on factors like sensitivity, specificity, and robustness.

More about "Protein Phosphatase"

Protein phosphatases, also known as protein serine/threonine phosphatases (PSPs) or protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), are a class of enzymes that play a crucial role in cellular signaling and homeostasis.
These enzymes catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from target proteins, counteracting the actions of protein kinases and maintaining the delicate balance of protein phosphorylation within cells.
Protein phosphatases are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, metabolism, and disease development.
They are essential for elucidating the complex signaling networks that govern cellular homeostasis and organismal health.
Researchers can leverage the power of PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform to streamline their protein phosphatase studies.
The platform provides easy access to relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and enables intelligent comparisons to identify the most reproducible and accurate methods.
This can optimize the research workflow and lead to better experimental results.
Specific techniques and tools relevant to protein phosphatase research include: - Lambda protein phosphatase (λ-PPase): A widely used serine/threonine phosphatase for dephosphorylating target proteins. - PVDF membranes: Commonly used for Western blotting and protein detection in protein phosphatase studies. - Serine/Threonine Phosphatase Assay System: Enables the quantitative measurement of serine/threonine phosphatase activity. - Protease inhibitor cocktail: Helps to preserve the native state of protein phosphatases during sample preparation. - Protein phosphatase inhibitors: Used to selectively inhibit the activity of specific protein phosphatases. - BCA protein assay kit: Facilitates the quantification of protein concentration in samples. - RIPA lysis buffer: A versatile buffer used for cell lysis and protein extraction in protein phosphatase research. - RediPlate 96 EnzChek serine/threonine phosphatase assay kit: A fluorescence-based assay for the detection and quantification of serine/threonine phosphatase activity.
By leveraging these resources and tools, researchers can enhance their understanding of protein phosphatase function, regulation, and their role in cellular processes and disease pathogenesis.
PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform can be a valuable asset in streamlining and optimizing protein phosphatase research workflows.