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RELN protein, human

The RELN protein, also known as Reelin, is a large extracellular matrix protein that plays a crucial role in neuronal migration and positioning during brain development.
It is essential for the proper layering and organization of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and other brain regions.
The RELN protein acts as a signaling molecule, binding to various cell-surface receptors and triggering intracellular cascades that regulate neuronal positioning and connectivity.
Disruptions in the RELN gene or protein have been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
Understanding the fuction and regulation of the RELN protein is an active area of research, with applications in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disease studies.

Most cited protocols related to «RELN protein, human»

1
Exploring PIDD1 Expression and Function in Brain Development
In order to better understand the possible connection between PIDD1 and the brain developmental phenotypes observed in individuals with mutations disrupting PIDD1 function, we used publically available transcriptomic datasets (gene expression microarray and RNAseq) for PIDD1, and co-expression with related genes to explore commonalities in temporaspatial expression. Firstly, we used data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project to explore gross anatomical gene expression for humans through the GTEx Portal (https://www.gtexportal.org/home/). Secondly, we used Allen Brain Atlas data (www.brainspan.org) to look at temporospatial mRNA expression for human brain from 8 weeks post-conception to 40 years of age, using RNAseq and gene expression microarray23 (link), and from RNAseq data from the PsychEncode dataset24 (link). Adult Human transcriptomic comparisons were performed with the Allen Human Brain Atlas data25 (link). Co-expression analysis of BrainSpan datasets was performed as described previously26 (link) (https://hbaset.msl.ubc.ca/). Thirdly, we used single-cell RNAseq data from fetal and postnatal mouse brains, for which cell types have been classified according to spatial and taxonomical cluster analysis (www.mousebrain.org)27 (link),28 . Data were analyzed from the single-gene perspective (PIDD1/Pidd1 alone), also with PIDDosome interactors (PIDD1/Pidd1+CRADD/Cradd+CASP2/Casp2), or with a gene set of PIDD1 interactors (P gene set: PIDD1, CRADD, CASP2, MADD, FADD) plus genes relevant to lissencephaly (L gene set: RELN, TUBA1A, NDE1, KATNB1, CDK5, ARX, DCX, LPHN1, LPHN2, LPHN3).
Sheikh T.I., Vasli N., Pastore S., Kharizi K., Harripaul R., Fattahi Z., Pande S., Naeem F., Hussain A., Mir A., Islam O., Girisha K.M., Irfan M., Ayub M., Schwarzer C., Najmabadi H., Shukla A., Sladky V.C., Braun V.Z., Garcia-Carpio I., Villunger A, & Vincent J.B. (2021). Biallelic mutations in the death domain of PIDD1 impair caspase-2 activation and are associated with intellectual disability. Translational Psychiatry, 11, 1.
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Publication 2021
Adult Brain CASP2 protein, human CDK5 protein, human Cells Conception FADD protein, human Fetus Gene Expression Gene Expression Profiling Genes Genotype Homo sapiens Lissencephaly MADD protein, human Mice, Laboratory Microarray Analysis Mutation Phenotype PIDD1 protein, human RELN protein, human RNA, Messenger Single-Cell RNA-Seq Tissues
2
Epigenetic Regulation of BDNF and Reelin

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Publication 2009
Exons Females hydrogen sulfite Immunoglobulins Immunoprecipitation Males Methylation Oligonucleotide Primers Prefrontal Cortex Rattus norvegicus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction RELN protein, human RNA, Messenger Seahorses Tissues Treatment Protocols
3
Evaluating GeneRIF Annotation Methodology
To evaluate our annotation methodology, and to compare our GeneRIF results with the traditional OMIM resource in detail, we utilized a well-characterized fifty-gene collection by Homayouni et al. that they used to evaluate semantic indexing of gene functions [20 (link)]. This gene collection includes genes in the reelin signaling pathway of Alzheimer's disease and other genes important in cancer biology and development. We call it Homayouni gene collection from here on. The 5 genes with more than 50 diseases mapped to them (APOE, EGFR, ERBB2, TGFB1 and TP53) were excluded from the test set due to the large number of GeneRIFs requiring manual inspection. This evaluation was done on February 9th, 2006.
Assessing the false positive and false negative error rates for this collection was difficult [24 (link)], so several domain experts were used for scoring the results with all results reviewed by MID (internal medicine physician) who made the final error determination. To determine gene-disease relationships, a false positive was scored only when the disease was identified incorrectly. No effort was made here to assess the appropriateness of the GeneRIF because of the subjective nature of such a process. However for Table 3 estimates were used for calculating precision and recall rates whereby the overall false positive value was corrected to account for false positives arising when a correctly identified disease did not have a relationship to its associated gene as specified in the GeneRIF.
Osborne J.D., Flatow J., Holko M., Lin S.M., Kibbe W.A., Zhu L.(., Danila M.I., Feng G, & Chisholm R.L. (2009). Annotating the human genome with Disease Ontology. BMC Genomics, 10(Suppl 1), S6.
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Publication 2009
Alzheimer's Disease ApoE protein, human EGFR protein, human ERBB2 protein, human Genes Genes, vif Hereditary Diseases Malignant Neoplasms Mental Recall Operator, Genetic Physicians RELN protein, human Signal Transduction TGFB1 protein, human TP53 protein, human
4
Conditional Reelin Knockout Mouse Generation
To create the targeting vector for the conditional Reelin knockout mouse line, pJB1 (described in (69 (link))) was used as background vector and murine SV129J ES cell DNA as template DNA to amplify the short homology arm (SA, 1.35 kb), the fragment containing the first exon (EX1, 1.25 kb), and the long homology arm (LA, 9 kb). To incorporate the first loxP site a ClaI and a PvuI restriction site were included in the SA reverse and the EX1 forward primer, respectively. By three-fragment ligation, the (1 (link)) SA (cut with SalI and ClaI) and (2 (link)) EX1 (cut with SalI and PvuI) fragments were combined by a (3 (link)) LoxP coding linker (two annealed oligos with sticky ends for ClaI and PvuI) and cloned between the Neo and HSVTK selection marker genes (XhoI site, compatible ends with SalI) of pJB1. The resulting vector was opened with NotI to insert the 9 kb LA fragment 3'-downstream of the loxP/FRT flanked Neo-cassette. The primers used were: SA_for, 5'- ATCGATGTCGACGGAAGTTTTGCTTCTTCCGGTG-3' (SalI); SA_rev, 5'-CAATCGATGTTGTTTGTCTACGCCGGCTGCAAC-3' (ClaI); EX1_for, 5'-CCTTCTCGCGATCGCGCGTCCTCGCAGAACGGGCAGCC-3' (PvuI); EX1_rev, 5'-GCGGCCGCGTCGACTGGGCAGCCACCGACCAAAGTGCTC -3' (SalI); LA_for, 5'-TGTTGCGGCCGCGGCGGCCAGTTAAAAGTTCCCGCTG-3' (NotI); LA_rev, 5'-GTCGACGCGGCCGCTTCCATAAAAGGGAAGAGCAAGATG-3' (NotI). The oligos used were: LoxP_for, 5'-CGATAACTTCGTATAGCATACATTATACGAAGTTATAT-3'; LoxP_rev, 5'-CGATATAACTTCGTATAATGTATGCTATACGAAGTTATCGAT-3'. The final construct containing the SA-LoxP-EX1-LoxP-Neo-LoxP-LA-HSVTK cassette was linearized and electroporated into SV129J ES cells. Gene-targeting-positive ES cells (PCR screen) were injected into C57Bl/6J blastocysts resulting in chimeric mice. The chimeras were crossed to C57Bl/6J mice, resulting in Relnfl/wt mice, verified by PCR and Southern blot. Heterozygous animals were backcrossed to Meox-Cre on the BL6 background to yield germline mutant reeler mice. Heterozygous animals were also backcrossed to CAG-CreERT2 mice to obtain homozygous Relnfl/fl; CAG-Cre mice. These were again backcrossed to Tg2576 mice and offspring used in the experiments were brother/sister crossed CAG-Cre hemizygous and Tg2576 hemizygous mice. To ensure a minimal effect on the behavioral results we have found, all animals that were compared were brother/sister crosses that only differ by the absence or presence of Cre recombinase. Moreover, discovering a robust response like the one discussed here in a mixed background, as opposed to an inbred one, further strengthens the validity of the conclusions, rather than diminishing them. Most importantly perhaps, it further supports the applicability of the results to the even more genetically heterogeneous human population.
Lane-Donovan C., Philips G.T., Wasser C.R., Durakoglugil M.S., Masiulis I., Upadhaya A., Pohlkamp T., Coskun C., Kotti T., Steller L., Hammer R.E., Frotscher M., Bock H.H, & Herz J. (2015). Reelin protects against amyloid β toxicity in vivo. Science signaling, 8(384), ra67.
Publication 2015
2',5'-oligoadenylate Animals Blastocyst Blot, Southern Brothers Cells Chimera Cloning Vectors Cre recombinase Embryonic Stem Cells Exons Genes Genetic Heterogeneity Germ Line Hemizygote Heterozygote Homo sapiens Homozygote Ligation Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Mus Oligonucleotide Primers Reeler Mice RELN protein, human
5
Layering of Fate-Mapped Interneurons in Somatosensory Cortex
For analyzing the molecular expression profiles and layering of fate-mapped interneurons, the somatosensory barrel cortex in three P21 brains was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (E12.5: n=1243, E14.5: n=3005, E16.5: n=4141, E18.5: n=2528). Immunohistochemistry on 12μm thickness cryosections was performed as described previously (Miyoshi et al., 2007 (link)). In order to assess the size of the four non-overlapping interneuron populations (Figure 4B), we have carried out either PV/VIP/EGFP or SST/Reelin/EGFP triple stainings on P21 brains from mice with Dlx5/6-Flpe and RCE:FRT alleles. A total of 1604 EGFP-expressing cells from three brains were analyzed.
Antibodies were used at the following concentrations: mouse anti-Nkx2.1 (TTF-1) (1:200; PROGEN), rabbit anti-Lhx6 (1:1000; a gift from Dr. Vassilis Pachnis), rabbit anti-Pax6 (1:1000; Covance), mouse anti-Mash1 (1:1000; BD Pharmingen), mouse anti-Ki67 (1:1000; BD Pharmingen), guinea pig anti-Six3 (1:1000; Covance), mouse anti-CoupTFII (1:500; Perseus Proteomics), rabbit anti-GFP (1:2000; Molecular Probes), rat anti-GFP (1:2000; Nacalai Tesque), goat anti-GFP (1:2000; Rockland), mouse anti-Parvalbumin (1:1000; Sigma), guinea pig anti-Parvalbumin (1:1000; a gift from Dr. Baimbridge, University of British Columbia) rat anti-somatostatin (1:500; Chemicon), rabbit anti-somatostatin (1:1000; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Neuropeptide Y (1:500; Incstar), rabbit anti-Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (1:500; Incstar), mouse anti-Calretinin (1:1500; Chemicon), rabbit anti-Calretinin (1:1500; Chemicon), mouse anti-Reelin (CR50) (1:500; MBL). Secondary antibodies conjugated with Alexa fluoro dyes 488, 594 or 680 (Molecular Probes) or AMCA (Jackson Immunoresearch) raised from the same host used for blocking serum were chosen for signal visualization. Fluorescent images were captured using a cooled-CCD camera (Princeton Scientific Instruments, NJ) using Metamorph software (Universal imaging, Dwoningtown, Pennsylvania). One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was used to detect differences in marker immunolabeling between cell cohorts arising from different developmental time points.
Miyoshi G., Hjerling-Leffler J., Karayannis T., Sousa V.H., Butt S.J., Battiste J., Johnson J.E., Machold R.P, & Fishell G. (2010). Genetic Fate Mapping Reveals That the Caudal Ganglionic Eminence Produces a Large and Diverse Population of Superficial Cortical Interneurons. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(5), 1582-1594.
Publication 2010
Alleles Antibodies ASCL1 protein, human Brain Calretinin Cavia Cells Cryoultramicrotomy Dyes Goat Immunohistochemistry Interneurons Mice, House Molecular Probes N-fluoresceinylphosphatidylethanolamine neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Neuropeptide Y NKX2-1 protein, human Parvalbumins Progens Rabbits RELN protein, human Serum Somatosensory Cortex Somatostatin Staining Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 Tranexamic Acid Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Most recents protocols related to «RELN protein, human»

1
Validation of DEGs Related to Cilium Movement

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Publication 2023
Actins BUB1B protein, human C3AR1 protein, human Cilia DNA, Complementary Exons GAPDH protein, human Genes, Housekeeping Movement Oligonucleotide Primers RELN protein, human Reverse Transcription RNA, Messenger SYBR Green I
2
In utero BioID brain analysis
In utero BioID brains were fixed prior to microdissection for immunofluorescence analysis. Briefly, embryonic brains were fixed overnight in 4% formaldehyde/PBS, rinsed with PBS, incubated in 30% sucrose/PBS overnight, and then embedded in NEG-50 (Thermo Scientific, 6052). Unless otherwise specified, 20 μm sections were used for all staining. For antibody staining, sections were thawed, rinsed in PBS, permeabilized with 0.25% Triton X-100/PBS, blocked with 5% NGS/PBS, incubated with primary antibody in block buffer overnight at 4°C or room temperature for 2 hours, rinsed 3 times with PBS, incubated with species-specific secondary antibody (Alexa Fluor conjugated, Thermo 1:500) and DAPI in block buffer for 30 minutes or 2 hours at room temperature (LHX6 and p73), rinsed 3 times with PBS, and mounted with Vectashield Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (Vector Labs, H-1000). The following primary antibodies were used: Rabbit: anti-HA (Santa Cruz, sc-805, 1:250), anti-MYH9 (Biolegend, 909802 1:1,000), anti-MYH10 (Biolegend, 909902 1:1,000), anti-p73 (Cell Signaling, 14620S 1:250), anti-Calretinin (Swant, CR7697 1:1,000), anti-ISG15 (Thermo, 703132 1:100), anti-FERMT3 (Proteintech, 18131-1-AP 1:100), anti-TNS3 (Invitrogen, PA5-63112 1:75), anti-CC3 (Cell Signaling, 9661 1:400), anti-Ki67 (Cell Signaling, 12202 1:250), anti-Laminin (Millipore, AB2034 1:500), Anti-Collagen I (Invitrogen, PA5-95137 1:500), Anti-PSEM2 (ProteinTech, 12937-2-AP, 1:100) Mouse: anti-P150 Dynactin (BD Biosciences, 610473, 1:200), anti-LHX6 (Santa Cruz, sc-271 433, 1:500), anti-Reelin (Millipore, mab5364 1:100) Rat: anti-SOX2 (Thermo, 14-9811-82 1:500) Other: Streptavidin-Alexa Fluor 594 conjugate (Thermo Scientific, S11227, 1:500).
D’Arcy B.R., Lennox A.L., Manso Musso C., Bracher A., Escobar-Tomlienovich C., Perez-Sanchez S, & Silver D.L. (2023). Non-muscle myosins control radial glial basal endfeet to mediate interneuron organization. PLOS Biology, 21(2), e3001926.
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Publication 2023
Alexa594 Antibodies Brain Buffers Calretinin Cloning Vectors Collagen Type I DAPI Dynactin Subunit 1 Elp1 protein, human Embryo FERMT3 protein, human Fluorescent Antibody Technique Formaldehyde Immunoglobulins Laminin Microdissection Mus Rabbits RELN protein, human SOX2 protein, human Streptavidin Sucrose Triton X-100 Uterus
3
Comprehensive ScRNA-seq Cell Profiling

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Publication 2023
cDNA Library Cells CENPF protein, human Cortex, Cerebral Endothelial Cells Erythrocytes Genes glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa), human Glycophorin A Interneurons Mitochondrial Inheritance Neurons Pericytes Radial Glial Cells RELN protein, human Transitional Epithelial Cells
4
Immunofluorescence Staining for Neuronal Markers
The following primary antibodies were used for immunofluorescence staining: goat anti-tdTomato (1:500; catalog #AB8181-200, SICGEN; RRID:AB_2722750); rabbit anti-TRP73 (1:500; catalog #ab40658, Abcam; RRID:AB_776999); mouse anti-RELN (1:500; catalog #MAB5364, MilliporeSigma; RRID:AB_1293544); mouse anti-RELN (1:500; catalog #ab78540, Abcam; RRID:AB_1603148); rabbit anti-CALB1 (1:500; catalog #CB38, Swant; RRID:AB_10000340); mouse anti-DCX (1:25; catalog #sc-271390, Santa Cruz Biotechnology; RRID:AB_10610966); and goat anti-EGFP/YFP (yellow fluorescent protein; 1:500; catalog #AB0020-500, SICGEN; RRID:AB_2333100). The secondary antibodies used were as follows: donkey anti-goat Alexa Fluor 555 (1:1000; catalog #A21432, Thermo Fisher Scientific; RRID:AB_2535853); donkey anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 (1:1000; catalog #A21206, Thermo Fisher Scientific; RRID:AB_2535792); and donkey anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 647 (1:1000; catalog #A31571, Thermo Fisher Scientific; RRID:AB_162542).
van Bruggen R., Patel Z.H., Wang M., Suk T.R., Rousseaux M.W, & Tan Q. (2023). A Versatile Strategy for Genetic Manipulation of Cajal–Retzius Cells in the Adult Mouse Hippocampus. eNeuro, 10(10), ENEURO.0054-23.2023.
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Publication 2023
alexa fluor 488 Alexa Fluor 555 Alexa Fluor 647 Antibodies Equus asinus Fluorescent Antibody Technique Goat Mus Proteins Rabbits RELN protein, human tdTomato
5
Multiplex qPCR of Single Cells
cDNA synthesis was performed using the Single Cell-to-CT Kit (Invitrogen), and multiplex qPCR was performed using the TaqMan Gene Expression Assay system (Applied Biosystems). All TaqMan probes were purchased from Applied Biosystems and are as follows: Arpp21 (Mm00473630_m1), Cck (Mm00446170_m1), Chat (Mm01221880_m1), Chodl (Mm00507273_m1), Crhbp (Mm01283832_m1), Dlx1 (Mm00438424_m1), Gad1 (Mm04207432_g1), Gad2 (Mm00484623_m1), Gal (Mm00439056_m1), Hcrtr1 (Mm01185776_m1), Hcrtr2 (Mm01179312_m1), Htr3a (Mm00442874_m1), Lhx6 (Mm01333348_m1), Meis2 (Mm00487748_m1), Noct (Mm00802276_m1), Nos1 (Mm01208059_m1), Npy (Mm01410146_m1), Nr2f2 (Mm00772789_m1), Nrgn (Mm01178296_g1), Nts (Mm00481140_m1), Pmch (Mm01242886_g1), Pou3f3 (Mm00843792_s1), Pvalb (Mm00443100_m1), Reln (Mm00465200_m1), Snord116 (Mm05911478_g1), Sst (Mm00436671_m1), Stim2 (Mm01223103_m1), Tac1 (Mm01166996_m1), Tac2 (Mm01160362_m1), Vglut1 (Mm00812886_m1), Vglut2 (Mm00499876_m1). Target amplification was performed using the CFX Opus Real-Time PCR System (384 well, Bio-Rad) with Bio-Rad CF Maestro 1.1 software version 4.1.
Tossell K., Yu X., Giannos P., Anuncibay Soto B., Nollet M., Yustos R., Miracca G., Vicente M., Miao A., Hsieh B., Ma Y., Vyssotski A.L., Constandinou T., Franks N.P, & Wisden W. (2023). Somatostatin neurons in prefrontal cortex initiate sleep-preparatory behavior and sleep via the preoptic and lateral hypothalamus. Nature Neuroscience, 26(10), 1805-1819.
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Publication 2023
Anabolism Biological Assay Cells DNA, Complementary Gene Expression glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa), human HTR3A protein, human NOS1 protein, human RELN protein, human

Top products related to «RELN protein, human»

1
Mab5364 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
MAB5364 is a laboratory product offered by Merck Group. It is a monoclonal antibody used for research applications. The core function of this product is to detect and bind to a specific target molecule or antigen.
2
Lipofectamine 2000 by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Lipofectamine 2000 is a cationic lipid-based transfection reagent designed for efficient and reliable delivery of nucleic acids, such as plasmid DNA and small interfering RNA (siRNA), into a wide range of eukaryotic cell types. It facilitates the formation of complexes between the nucleic acid and the lipid components, which can then be introduced into cells to enable gene expression or gene silencing studies.
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Penicillin streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
4
Mouse anti reelin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Mouse anti-Reelin is a laboratory reagent used in research applications. It is an antibody that specifically binds to the Reelin protein, which is a secreted glycoprotein involved in neuronal migration and positioning during brain development. This product can be used in various research techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA, to detect and analyze the Reelin protein in biological samples.
5
Ab31940 by Abcam
Sourced in United States
Ab31940 is a primary antibody targeting the protein of interest. It is suitable for use in immunocytochemistry and western blotting applications. The antibody is produced in rabbit and supplied as a liquid solution.
6
Reelin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Reelin is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a protein that plays a key role in the development and organization of the brain. Reelin is involved in the regulation of neuronal migration and positioning during brain development.
7
Taqman probe by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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TaqMan probes are a type of fluorescent DNA probe used in quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) experiments. They consist of a sequence-specific oligonucleotide labeled with a fluorescent reporter dye and a quencher dye. During the qPCR process, the probe hybridizes to a target DNA sequence, allowing the reporter dye to emit a fluorescent signal that is proportional to the amount of target DNA present in the sample.
8
Trizol by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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TRIzol is a monophasic solution of phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate that is used for the isolation of total RNA from various biological samples. It is a reagent designed to facilitate the disruption of cells and the subsequent isolation of RNA.
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Opti mem by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Opti-MEM is a cell culture medium designed to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell lines. It is a serum-reduced formulation that helps to reduce the amount of serum required for cell culture, while still providing the necessary nutrients and growth factors for cell proliferation.
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Tamoxifen by Merck Group
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Tamoxifen is a drug used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, primarily breast cancer. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that can act as both an agonist and antagonist of the estrogen receptor. Tamoxifen is used to treat and prevent breast cancer in both men and women.

More about "RELN protein, human"

The RELN gene encodes the Reelin protein, a large extracellular matrix protein that plays a crucial role in neuronal migration and positioning during brain development.
Reelin is essential for the proper layering and organization of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and other brain regions.
The Reelin protein acts as a signaling molecule, binding to various cell-surface receptors and triggering intracellular cascades that regulate neuronal positioning and connectivity.
Disruptions in the RELN gene or Reelin protein have been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
Understanding the function and regulation of the Reelin protein is an active area of research, with applications in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disease studies.
Researchers can explore the Reelin protein using various tools and techniques, such as MAB5364 antibody, Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent, Penicillin/streptomycin antibiotic, Mouse anti-Reelin antibody (Ab31940), TaqMan probes for gene expression analysis, TRIzol for RNA extraction, and Opti-MEM for cell culture.
Tamoxifen has also been used in some studies to investigate the role of Reelin in the brain.
By utilizing these resources and methods, scientists can gain deeper insights into the biology and pathological implications of the Reelin protein, ultimately contributing to the understanding and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.