To obtain a concentration-independent transport parameter, the clearance principle was used. The increment in cleared volume was calculated by dividing the amount of compound in the receiver compartment by the drug concentration in the donor compartment [7] (link). The volume cleared was plotted versus time and the slope estimated by linear regression analysis. The slope of the clearance curve with inserts alone and inserts with cells is equal to PSf and PSt, respectively, where PS (microliters/minute) is the permeability surface area (square centimeter) product. The PS-value for endothelial monolayer (PSe) was calculated. To generate the endothelial permeability coefficient, Pe (cm/min), the PSe value was divided by the surface area of the filter (A in cm2) insert using the following equation: Pe = [1/PSt−1/PSf]−1/A. To assess possible adsorption to plastics and non-specific binding to cells, the mass balance (%) was calculated from the amount of compound recovered in both compartments at the end of the experiment divided by the total amount added in the donor compartment at time zero. For Pe determination, mass balance value should be between 80% and 120%.
Serum Albumin, Human
It is synthesized in the liver and plays a crucial role in maintaining oncotic pressure, transporting various substances, and supporting metabolic processes.
Serum Albumin, Human is commonly used in medical research and clinical settings to study physiological and pathological conditions, and its levels can provide insights into a patient's overall health status.
Researchers often utilize Serum Albumin, Human in experiments to investigate its interactions, functions, and potential therapeutic applications.
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To obtain a concentration-independent transport parameter, the clearance principle was used. The increment in cleared volume was calculated by dividing the amount of compound in the receiver compartment by the drug concentration in the donor compartment [7] (link). The volume cleared was plotted versus time and the slope estimated by linear regression analysis. The slope of the clearance curve with inserts alone and inserts with cells is equal to PSf and PSt, respectively, where PS (microliters/minute) is the permeability surface area (square centimeter) product. The PS-value for endothelial monolayer (PSe) was calculated. To generate the endothelial permeability coefficient, Pe (cm/min), the PSe value was divided by the surface area of the filter (A in cm2) insert using the following equation: Pe = [1/PSt−1/PSf]−1/A. To assess possible adsorption to plastics and non-specific binding to cells, the mass balance (%) was calculated from the amount of compound recovered in both compartments at the end of the experiment divided by the total amount added in the donor compartment at time zero. For Pe determination, mass balance value should be between 80% and 120%.
DBP was measured in duplicate by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Cat. No. DVDBP0, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The assay was conducted after diluting serum samples 1:2000 in Calibrator Diluent RD6-11 (Part No. 895489, R&D Systems). The interassay CV was 8.5% at a concentration of 40 µg/mL. The assay recovered between 93% and 110% of a 100- to 200-µg/mL dose of exogenous DBP added to human serum samples containing between 25 and 200 µg/mL of endogenous DBP. The manufacturer reports no significant cross-reactivity with human albumin, vitamin D3, or α-fetoprotein.
In a subset of patients in whom adequate serum was available (n = 45), total 1,25(OH)2D3 was measured by LC-MS/MS in the Mayo Clinic Medical Laboratories (Rochester, MN, USA).
Changes in cell morphology were assessed by phase contrast microscopy (Axiovert 135, Zeiss). Phenotypical and functional characterization of MDM was performed after 6 days.
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Example 7
Synthetic urine is prepared by dissolving 14.1 g of NaCl, 2.8 g KCl, 17.3 g of urea, 19 ml ammonia water (25%), 0.60 g CaCl2 and 0.43 g MgSO4 in 0.02 mole/L of HCl. The final pH of synthetic urine is adjusted to 6.04 by using HCl and ammonia water.
40 mg Sigma creatinine is dissolved in 10 ml of synthetic urine solution. 3 mg of human albumin is dissolved in 10 ml of synthetic urine solution to prepare the micro albumin solution.
4 mg Sigma hemin is dissolved in 20 ml of synthetic urine, 20 μL Hemin solution is used as a receptor for urine albumin detection at different creatinine concentration.
A desired volume of the biological sample (synthetic urine) is taken and dispensed on the electrode of the biosensor device and the corresponding cyclic voltammogram is obtained by the CHI-Electrochemical workstation using the potential window, that varies from 0 V to −1 V with scan rate of 0.1 V/sec.
The albumin content in the urine sample binds hemin thereby demonstrates a linear decrease in peak redox current with urine albumin concentration as shown in
The values of concentrations of the urine albumin (mg/L) and creatinine for different samples is shown in Table 4.
and centrifuged at 300 g for 10 min. The supernatant was decanted, and 1 mL of Ham’s F10 was added. The tubes were gently positioned at a 45-degree angle for one
hour at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for swim-up separation of motile spermatozoa. This supernatant was carefully aspirated, and its volume was adjusted to 1 mL using Ham’s F10.
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More about "Serum Albumin, Human"
It is synthesized in the liver and serves as a transport and regulatory molecule, maintaining oncotic pressure, transporting substances, and supporting metabolic activities.
This versatile protein is widely utilized in medical research and clinical settings to study both normal and pathological conditions.
Researchers often employ human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in their experiments, leveraging their unique properties and functions.
HSA, in particular, is commonly used in cell culture media, such as RPMI 1640, to provide a nutrient-rich environment for cells.
Additionally, DMSO and FBS (fetal bovine serum) are frequently used alongside albumin to enhance cell growth and survival.
The quantification of serum albumin levels can provide valuable insights into a patient's overall health status, and various ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kits are available to accurately measure human albumin concentrations.
These kits, including the Human Albumin ELISA Quantitation Set and Human Albumin ELISA Kit, enable researchers and clinicians to assess albumin levels and monitor changes related to physiological or pathological conditions.
Sodium chloride (NaCl), a common salt, is often employed in albumin-based solutions to maintain the appropriate osmotic balance and pH, ensuring the stability and functionality of the protein.
By understanding the interplay between serum albumin and these related substances, researchers can optimize their experimental designs and uncover new insights into the diverse roles of this essential plasma protein.