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> Chemicals & Drugs > Amino Acid > Thyroglobulin

Thyroglobulin

Thyroglobulin is a large glycoprotein synthesized by the thyroid gland that serves as a precursor for the production of the thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
It is an important biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disorders, including thyroid cancer.
Accurate and reproducible measurement of thyroglobulin levels is crucial for effective patient management.
PubCompare.ai is an AI-powered platform that helps researchers optimize their thyroglobulin analysis workflows by identifying the most reliable and accurate research protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents.
Leveraging intelligent comparisons, PubCompare.ai empowers scientists to ensure reliable results and streamline their thyroglobulin studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Thyroglobulin»

1
Genetic Determinants of Thyroid Function
Cited 24 times
Discovery meta-analyses included data from 22 independent cohorts with 54,288 subjects for the TSH analyses, and from 19 cohorts with 49,269 subjects for FT4, 53,423 subjects (3440 cases) for hypothyroidism, and 51,823 subjects (1840 cases) for hyperthyroidism (Supplementary Data 1). Selected SNPs from the TSH or FT4 analyses were carried forward for replication with in silico GWAS data from 5 cohorts (9053 subjects) and de novo genotyping in additional 5 cohorts (13,330 subjects). All subjects gave informed consent and studies were approved by the cohort-specific ethics committees.
We used the results of the GWAS of TPOAb positivity that included 18,297 subjects20 (link) for a look-up of all the 53 TSH-associated loci or their HapMapII proxies (r² > 0.8 in a 1 Mb window) that were available in that dataset to assess their relation to autoimmune hypothyroidism. A complementary look-up was performed for the 52 SNPs that were available in a GWAS on Graves’ disease diagnosed by clinical examinations, circulating thyroid hormone and TSH concentrations, serum levels of antibodies against thyroglobulin, thyroid microsomes, and TSH receptors, ultrasonography, [99m]TCO4− (technetium-99m pertechnetate) (or [123I] (radioactive iodine)) uptake and thyroid scintigraphy using the data of the BioBank Japan Project (BBJ) including 1747 patients and 6420 controls (Supplementary Data 1).
Teumer A., Chaker L., Groeneweg S., Li Y., Di Munno C., Barbieri C., Schultheiss U.T., Traglia M., Ahluwalia T.S., Akiyama M., Appel E.V., Arking D.E., Arnold A., Astrup A., Beekman M., Beilby J.P., Bekaert S., Boerwinkle E., Brown S.J., De Buyzere M., Campbell P.J., Ceresini G., Cerqueira C., Cucca F., Deary I.J., Deelen J., Eckardt K.U., Ekici A.B., Eriksson J.G., Ferrrucci L., Fiers T., Fiorillo E., Ford I., Fox C.S., Fuchsberger C., Galesloot T.E., Gieger C., Gögele M., De Grandi A., Grarup N., Greiser K.H., Haljas K., Hansen T., Harris S.E., van Heemst D., den Heijer M., Hicks A.A., den Hollander W., Homuth G., Hui J., Ikram M.A., Ittermann T., Jensen R.A., Jing J., Jukema J.W., Kajantie E., Kamatani Y., Kasbohm E., Kaufman J.M., Kiemeney L.A., Kloppenburg M., Kronenberg F., Kubo M., Lahti J., Lapauw B., Li S., Liewald D.C., Lim E.M., Linneberg A., Marina M., Mascalzoni D., Matsuda K., Medenwald D., Meisinger C., Meulenbelt I., De Meyer T., Meyer zu Schwabedissen H.E., Mikolajczyk R., Moed M., Netea-Maier R.T., Nolte I.M., Okada Y., Pala M., Pattaro C., Pedersen O., Petersmann A., Porcu E., Postmus I., Pramstaller P.P., Psaty B.M., Ramos Y.F., Rawal R., Redmond P., Richards J.B., Rietzschel E.R., Rivadeneira F., Roef G., Rotter J.I., Sala C.F., Schlessinger D., Selvin E., Slagboom P.E., Soranzo N., Sørensen T.I., Spector T.D., Starr J.M., Stott D.J., Taes Y., Taliun D., Tanaka T., Thuesen B., Tiller D., Toniolo D., Uitterlinden A.G., Visser W.E., Walsh J.P., Wilson S.G., Wolffenbuttel B.H., Yang Q., Zheng H.F., Cappola A., Peeters R.P., Naitza S., Völzke H., Sanna S., Köttgen A., Visser T.J, & Medici M. (2018). Genome-wide analyses identify a role for SLC17A4 and AADAT in thyroid hormone regulation. Nature Communications, 9, 4455.
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Publication 2018
Antibodies DNA Replication Ethics Committees Genome-Wide Association Study Graves Disease Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism, Autoimmune Iodine Iodine-123 Microsomes Patients Pertechnetate Physical Examination Radioactivity Radionuclide Imaging Serum Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Thyroglobulin Thyroid Gland Thyroid Hormones Thyrotropin Receptor Ultrasonography
2
T cell Activation and Antigen Screening
Cited 17 times
Medium used throughout the experiments was RPMI 1640 supplemented with 2 mM glutamine, 1% (vol/vol) nonessential amino acids, 1% (vol/vol) sodium pyruvate, penicillin (50 U/ml) and streptomycin (50 µg/ml), and 5% human serum (Swiss Red Cross). T cells (from 250 to 2,000 cells/well) were stimulated polyclonally with 1 µg/ml PHA (Remel) in the presence of irradiated (45Gy) allogeneic feeder cells (2.5 × 104 per well) and IL-2 (500 IU/ml) in a 384-well plate format. After 5 d, cells were transferred in 96–well U-bottom plates, pooling 2 wells of the initial plate. 2 d later, cells were split in 48-well format, expanded, and after 3 d transferred in 24-well plates. Library screening was performed at day 14 after initial stimulation by culturing ∼2.5 × 105 T cells/well with autologous monocytes (2.5 × 104), which were either unpulsed or pulsed for 3 h with different antigens including KLH (Calbiochem), PA from B. anthracis (LIST), thyroglobulin (Lee Biosolutions, Inc), TT (provided by G. Galli, Novartis Vaccines, Siena, Italy), CMV grade 2 antigen (Microbix Biosystems), PPD from M. tuberculosis (Statens Serum Institute), and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus major allergen I (provided by E.L. Roggen, Novozymes, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Proliferation was measured on day 4 after 16 h incubation with 1 µCi/ml [3H]thymidine (GE Healthcare). Cultures that scored positive in the first screening assay were always reanalyzed to confirm their specificity in a second independent experiment. Precursor frequencies were calculated based on numbers of negative wells according to the Poisson distribution and expressed per million cells (Lefkovits and Waldmann, 1979 ). The 95% confidence intervals were determined for each dataset according to the modified Wald method (Agresti and Coull, 1998 ). EC50 values were determined from interpolated dose–response curves. For all calculations, the bottom of the curve was defined as ≥100 cpm and the top was restricted to ≤105 cpm. In preliminary experiments, we found that the dose–response curve and EC50 value of individual T cell lines were reproducible in different experiments performed at different time points.
Geiger R., Duhen T., Lanzavecchia A, & Sallusto F. (2009). Human naive and memory CD4+ T cell repertoires specific for naturally processed antigens analyzed using libraries of amplified T cells. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 206(7), 1525-1534.
Publication 2009
Allogeneic Cells Amino Acids Antigens Bacillus anthracis Biological Assay cDNA Library Cells Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Allergens Glutamine Homo sapiens Monocytes Mycobacterium tuberculosis Penicillins Pyruvate Serum Sodium Streptomycin T-Lymphocyte Thymidine Thyroglobulin Vaccines
3
Measurement of MBG and Ouabain Levels
Cited 13 times
For measurement of MBG and endogenous ouabain, samples of plasma and urine were extracted on SepPak C-18 cartridges (Waters, Milford, Massachusetts, USA) as described previously in detail [11 (link)]. The MBG DELFIA fluoroimmunoassays based on anti-MBG 3E9 and 4G4 mAbs were performed as previously described for rabbit anti-MBG polyclonal antibodies [11 (link)]. The assay is based on competition between immobilized antigen (MBG-glycoside-thyroglobulin) and MBG, other cross-reactants, or endogenous CTS within the sample for a limited number of binding sites on an anti-MBG mAbs. Secondary (goat antimouse) antibody labeled with non-radioactive europium was obtained from Perkin-Elmer (Waltham, Massachusetts, USA).
The endogenous ouabain assay was based on a similar principle utilizing an ouabain–ovalbumin conjugate and ouabain antiserum (anti-OU-M-2005; 1 : 20 000) obtained from rabbits immunized with a ouabain-BSA conjugate [20 (link)]. The cross-reactivity of this ouabain antibody is (%) ouabain, 100; ouabagenin, 52, digoxin, 1.8; digitoxin, 0.47; progesterone, 0.002; prednisone, 0.001; proscillaridin, 0.03; bufalin, 0.10; aldosterone, 0.04; telocinobufagin, 0.02; resibufagin, 0.15; marinobufotoxin, 0.06; cinobufagin, 0.02; and MBG, 0.036.
Fedorova O.V., Simbirtsev A.S., Kolodkin N.I., Kotov A.Y., Agalakova N.I., Kashkin V.A., Tapilskaya N.I., Bzhelyansky A., Reznik V.A., Frolova E.V., Nikitina E.R., Budny G.V., Longo D.L., Lakatta E.G, & Bagrov A.Y. (2008). Monoclonal antibody to an endogenous bufadienolide, marinobufagenin, reverses preeclampsia-induced Na/K-ATPase inhibition and lowers blood pressure in NaCl-sensitive hypertension. Journal of hypertension, 26(12), 2414-2425.
Publication 2008
Aldosterone Anti-Antibodies Antigens Binding Sites Biological Assay bufalin Cardiac Glycosides cinobufagin Cross Reactions Digitoxin Digoxin Europium Fluoroimmunoassay Goat Immune Sera Immunoglobulins marinobufotoxin Monoclonal Antibodies Oryctolagus cuniculus ouabagenin Ouabain Ovalbumin Plasma Prednisone Progesterone Proscillaridin Rabbits telocinobufagin Thyroglobulin Urine
4
Genetic Study of Type 1 Diabetes and Graves' Disease
Cited 11 times
The 6,800 affected individuals were recruited as part of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust (JDRF/WT) Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory's JDRF/WT British case collection (Genetic Resource Investigating Diabetes), which is a joint project between the University of Cambridge Departments of Paediatrics at the Addenbrooke's Hospital and Medical Genetics at the Cambridge Institute for Medical Research. Most affected individuals were <16 years of age at the time of collection; all were under age 17 years at diagnosis and all resided in Great Britain. The 7,000 control samples were obtained from the British 1958 Birth Cohort (B58C), an ongoing study of all people born in Great Britain during one week in 1958 (see URL below). All cases and control were of self-reported white ethnicity, with the exception of 18 cases for whom the WTCCC study found genotype evidence for non-white ethnic group status1 .
All families were of reported or self-reported white ethnicity and of European descent, with two parents and at least one affected child. The family collection consisted of 458 families from the UK Diabetes UK Warren 1 repository, 328 families from USA Human Biological Data Interchange, 250 families from Northern Ireland, 951 Finnish families, 360 Norwegian families, 412 Romanian families and 80 families from Yorkshire, UK (Supplementary Table 6). All DNA samples were collected after approval from the relevant research ethics committees, and written informed consent was obtained from the participants or their guardians.
As part of the AITD Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) UK National Collection, 2,200 unrelated, reported white individuals with Graves' disease were recruited. Participants were recruited from centers across the UK, including Birmingham, Bournemouth, Cambridge, Cardiff, Exeter, Leeds, Newcastle and Sheffield (Supplementary Table 6). Affected individuals were defined by the presence of biochemical hyperthyroidism together with at least one of the following: (i) a diffuse goiter on a scan, (ii) positive autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), (iii) diffuse goiter on palpation, along with thyroglobulin or thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies or (iv) thyroid eye disease (NOSPECS classification score of 2–6).
Todd J.A., Walker N.M., Cooper J.D., Smyth D.J., Downes K., Plagnol V., Bailey R., Nejentsev S., Field S.F., Payne F., Lowe C.E., Szeszko J.S., Hafler J.P., Zeitels L., Yang J.H., Vella A., Nutland S., Stevens H.E., Schuilenburg H., Coleman G., Maisuria M., Meadows W., Smink L.J., Healy B., Burren O.S., Lam A.A., Ovington N.R., Allen J., Adlem E., Leung H.T., Wallace C., Howson J.M., Guja C., Ionescu-Tirgoviste C., Simmonds M.J., Heward J.M., Gough S.C., Dunger D.B., Wicker L.S, & Clayton D.G. (2007). Robust associations of four new chromosome regions from genome-wide analyses of type 1 diabetes. Nature genetics, 39(7), 857-864.
Publication 2007
Autoantibodies Biopharmaceuticals Birth Cohort Child Childbirth Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent Diagnosis Ethics Committees, Research Ethnicity Europeans Genotype Goiter Graves Disease Homo sapiens Hyperthyroidism Inflammation Iodide Peroxidase Joints Legal Guardians Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator Palpation Parent Radionuclide Imaging Thyroglobulin Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Thyroid Diseases White Person
5
Characterization of Antibodies for Neuroscience Research
Cited 9 times
The nNOS antibody labels a band of 155 kDa in Western blots of rat hypothalamus, and immunostaining is abolished by pre-incubation of the antibody with nNOS (Herbison et al., 1996 (link)). The mouse monoclonal antibody NeuN was raised against cell nuclei extracted from mouse brain and found to react with a protein specific for neurons (Mullen et al., 1992 (link)). We have reported that NeuN apparently labels all neurons but no glial cells in the rat spinal dorsal horn (Todd et al., 1998 (link)). The GABA antibody was raised against GABA conjugated to porcine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde, and shown to be specific for GABA, with negligible cross-reactivity against other amino acids, including glutamate, aspartate, glycine or taurine (Pow and Crook, 1993 (link)). The two PKCγ antibodies were raised against peptides corresponding to the C-terminus of mouse PKCγ. The guinea pig antibody recognises a single band of appropriate molecular weight in Western blots of brain homogenates of wild-type, but not PKCγ−/− mice (Yoshida et al., 2006 (link)). The rabbit VGAT antibody is directed against amino acids 75–87 of rat VGAT conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin and stains bands of the appropriate molecular weight in Western blots of rat brain extracts (Takamori et al., 2000 (link)). We have reported that immunostaining in the rat dorsal horn with this antibody is abolished by pre-incubation with the immunising peptide at 10−6 M (Polgár et al., 2011 (link)). The gephyrin antibody was generated against an extract of rat spinal cord synaptic membranes (Pfeiffer et al., 1984 (link)). It has been extensively characterised and shown to bind to a 93 kDa peripheral membrane protein (gephyrin) in extracts of rat brain membranes (Becker et al., 1989 (link)).
Sardella T.C., Polgár E., Watanabe M, & Todd A.J. (2011). A quantitative study of neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in laminae I–III of the rat spinal dorsal horn. Neuroscience, 192(6-2), 708-720.
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Publication 2011
Amino Acids Antibodies Aspartate Brain Cavia porcellus Cell Nucleus Cross Reactions gamma Aminobutyric Acid gephyrin Glutamate Glutaral Glycine Hypothalamus Immunoglobulins keyhole-limpet hemocyanin Membrane Proteins Mice, House Monoclonal Antibodies Neuroglia Neurons NOS1 protein, human Peptides Pigs Posterior Horn Cells Posterior Horn of Spinal Cord Rabbits SCA14 PKCgamma protein, human Spinal Cord Staining Staphylococcal Protein A Synaptic Membranes Taurine Thyroglobulin Tissue, Membrane Verbascum Western Blot

Most recents protocols related to «Thyroglobulin»

1
Synthesis and Characterization of Porous Chromatography Particles
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

<Step (A): Synthesis of porous particle having glycidyl group>

27.8 g of glycidyl methacrylate (trade name: Blemmer G (registered trademark) manufactured by NOF Corporation), 11.3 g of glycerin-1,3-dimethacrylate (trade name: NK Ester 701, SHIN-NAKAMURA CHEMICAL Co., Ltd.), and 1.9 g of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were dissolved in 58.7 g of diethyl succinate as a diluent, and nitrogen gas was bubbled for 30 minutes to provide an oil phase.

Next, separately from the oil phase, 10.0 g of PVA-224 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of saponification of 87.0% to 89.0%) as a dispersion stabilizer and 10.0 g of sodium chloride as a salting-out agent were dissolved in 480 g of ion exchanged water to provide an aqueous phase.

The aqueous phase and the oil phase were placed in a separable flask and dispersed at a rotation speed of 430 rpm for 20 minutes using a stirring rod equipped with a half-moon stirring blade, then the inside of the reactor was purged with nitrogen, and the reaction was carried out at 60° C. for 16 hours.

After that, the resulting polymer was transferred onto a glass filter and thoroughly washed with hot water at about 50 to 80° C., denatured alcohol, and water in the order presented to obtain 100.4 g of a porous particle (carrier al).

The amount of glycidyl methacrylate used was 79.8 mol % based on the total amount of the monomers, and the amount of glycerin-1,3-dimethacrylate used was 20.2 mol % based on the total amount of the monomers.

<Step (B): Introduction reaction of alkylene group>

98 g of the carrier α1 was weighed onto a glass filter and thoroughly cleaned with diethylene glycol dimethyl ether. After cleaning, the carrier α1 was placed in a 1 L separable flask, 150 g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 150 g (920 mol % based on glycidyl methacrylate) of 1,4-butanediol were placed in the separable flask, and stirring and dispersion were carried out.

After that, 1.5 ml of a boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex was added, the temperature was raised to 80° C. while stirring at 200 rpm, and the resulting mixture was subjected to the reaction for 4 hours.

The mixture was cooled, then the porous particle (carrier β1) bonded to a diol compound including an alkylene group in the structure thereof was collected by filtration and then washed with 1 L of ion exchanged water to obtain 152 g of a carrier β1.

The progress of the reaction was confirmed by the following procedure.

A part of the dry porous particle into which an alkylene group had been introduced was mixed with potassium bromide, and the resulting mixture was pelletized by applying a pressure and then measured using FT-IR (trade name: Nicolet (registered trademark) iS10, manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) to check the height of an absorbance peak at 908 cm−1 due to the glycidyl group in the infrared absorption spectrum.

As a result, no absorbance peak at 908 cm−1 was observed by FT-IR.

<Step (C): Introduction Reaction of Glycidyl Group>

150 g of the carrier β1 was weighed onto a glass filter and thoroughly cleaned with dimethylsulfoxide.

After cleaning, the carrier β1 was placed in a separable flask, 262.5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide and 150 g of epichlorohydrin were added, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature, 37.5 ml of a 30% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (manufactured by KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC.) was further added, and the resulting mixture was heated to 30° C. and stirred for 6 hours.

After completion of the reaction, the obtained product was transferred onto a glass filter and thoroughly washed with water, acetone, and water in the order presented to obtain 172 g of a porous particle into which a glycidyl group had been introduced (carrier γ1).

The introduction density of the glycidyl group in the obtained carrier γ1 was measured by the following procedure.

5.0 g of the carrier γ1 was sampled, and the dry mass thereof was measured and as a result, found to be 1.47 g. Next, the same amount of the carrier γ1 was weighed into a separable flask and dispersed in 40 g of water, 16 mL of diethylamine was added while stirring at room temperature, and the resulting mixture was heated to 50° C. and stirred for 4 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction product was transferred onto a glass filter and thoroughly washed with water to obtain a porous particle A into which diethylamine had been introduced.

The obtained porous particle A was transferred into a beaker and dispersed in 150 mL of a 0.5 mol/L potassium chloride aqueous solution, and titration was carried out using 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid with the point at which the pH reached 4.0 as the neutralization point.

From this, the amount of diethylamine introduced into the porous particle A into which diethylamine had been introduced was calculated, and the density of the glycidyl group of the carrier γ1 was calculated from the following expression.

As a result, the density of the glycidyl group was 880 μmol/g.
Density(μmol/g) of glycidyl group={0.1×volume(μL) of hydrochloric acid at neutralization point/dry mass(g) of porous particle into which glycidyl group has been introduced}<Step (D): Introduction Reaction of Polyol>

150 g of the carrier γ1, 600 mL of water, and 1000 g (13000 mol % based on glycidyl group) of D-sorbitol (log P=−2.20, manufactured by KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC.) were placed in a 3 L separable flask and stirred to form a dispersion.

After that, 10 g of potassium hydroxide was added, the temperature was raised to 60° C. while stirring at 200 rpm, and the resulting mixture was subjected to the reaction for 15 hours.

The mixture was cooled, and then the reaction product was collected by filtration and washed thoroughly with water to obtain 152 g of a porous particle into which polyol had been introduced (carrier 61).

The obtained carrier 61 was classified into 16 to 37 μm using a sieve to obtain 140.5 g of a packing material 1.

<Evaluation of Alkali Resistance>

The alkali resistance was evaluated by calculating the amount of a carboxy group produced by hydrolysis of sodium hydroxide according to the following procedure.

First, 4 g of the packing material was dispersed in 150 mL of a 0.5 mol/L potassium chloride aqueous solution, and titration was carried out using 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the point at which the pH reached 7.0 as the neutralization point. From this, the amount of a carboxy group before hydrolysis included in the packing material was calculated from the following expression.
Amount(μmol/mL) of carboxy group=0.1×volume(μL) of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at the time of neutralization/apparent volume (mL) of packing material

Here, the apparent volume of the packing material is the volume of the packing material phase measured after preparing a slurry liquid by dispersing 4 g of the packing material in water, transferring the slurry liquid to a graduated cylinder, and then allowing the same to stand for a sufficient time.

Subsequently, 4 g of the packing material was weighed into a separable flask, 20 mL of a 5 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, and the resulting mixture was treated at 50° C. for 20 hours while stirring at 200 rpm. The mixture was cooled, then the packing material was collected by filtration, then washed with a 0.1 mol/L HCl aqueous solution and water in the order presented, and the amount of a carboxy group contained in the obtained packing material was calculated by the same method as above. From the difference between the amount of a carboxy group before and that after the reaction with the 5 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, the amount of a carboxy group produced by the reaction with the 5 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was calculated. As a result, the amount of a carboxy group produced was 21 μmol/mL.

If the amount of a carboxy group produced is 40 μmol/mL or less, the alkali resistance is considered to be high.

<Evaluation of Non-Specific Adsorption>

The obtained packing material was packed into a stainless steel column (manufactured by Sugiyama Shoji Co., Ltd.) having an inner diameter of 8 mm and a length of 300 mm by a balanced slurry method. Using the obtained column, a non-specific adsorption test was carried out by the method shown below.

The column packed with the packing material was connected to a Shimadzu Corporation HPLC system (liquid feed pump (trade name: LC-10AT, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), autosampler (trade name: SIL-10AF, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and photodiode array detector (trade name: SPD-M10A, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)), and a 50 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer aqueous solution as a mobile phase was passed at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min.

Using the same sodium phosphate aqueous solution as the mobile phase as a solvent, their respective sample solutions of 0.7 mg/mL thyroglobulin (Mw of 6.7×105), 0.6 mg/mL γ-globulin (Mw of 1.6×105), 0.96 mg/mL BSA (Mw of 6.65×104), 0.7 mg/mL ribonuclease (Mw of 1.3×104), 0.4 mg/mL aprotinin (Mw of 6.5×103), and 0.02 mg/mL uridine (Mw of 244) (all manufactured by Merck Sigma-Aldrich) are prepared, and 10 μL of each is injected from the autosampler.

The elution time of each observed using the photodiode array detector at a wavelength of 280 nm was compared to confirm that there was no contradiction between the order of elution volume and the order of molecular weight size.

As a result, the elution volumes of the samples from the column packed with the packing material 1 were 8.713 mL, 9.691 mL, 9.743 mL, 10.396 mL, 11.053 mL, and 11.645 mL, and it was confirmed that there was no contradiction between the order of the molecular weights of the samples and the order of the elution volumes thereof and that no non-specific adsorption was induced. When there was no contradiction between the order of the molecular weights of the samples and the order of the elution volumes thereof, there was no non-specific adsorption, which is indicated as 0 in Table 1, and when there was a contradiction therebetween, non-specific adsorption was induced, which is thus indicated as X.

The porous particle (carrier al) obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was subjected to the step D of Example 1.

<Step (D): Introduction Reaction of Polyol>

98 g of carrier al, 600 mL of water, and 1000 g (3050 mol % based on glycidyl group) of D-sorbitol (manufactured by KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC.) were placed in a 3 L separable flask and stirred to form a dispersion.

After that, 10 g of potassium hydroxide was added, the temperature was raised to 60° C. while stirring at 200 rpm, and the resulting mixture was subjected to the reaction for 15 hours.

The mixture was cooled, and then the reaction product was collected by filtration and washed thoroughly with water to obtain 130 g of a porous particle into which a polyol had been introduced (carrier δ7).

The carrier δ7 was classified into 16 to 37 μm using a sieve to obtain 115 g of a packing material 7.

The alkali resistance of the obtained packing material 7 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the amount of a carboxy group produced in the packing material 7 was 120.3 μmol/mL, resulting in poor alkali resistance.

Further, the non-specific adsorption of the obtained packing material 7 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the elution volumes of the samples were 8.606 mL, 9.769 mL, 9.9567 mL, 10.703 mL, 11.470 mL, and 12.112 mL, and it was confirmed that there was no contradiction between the order of the molecular weights of the samples and the order of the elution volumes thereof and that no non-specific adsorption was induced.

Example 2

A porous particle (carrier al) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and then a packing material 2 was obtained as follows.

98 g of the carrier α1 was weighed onto a glass filter and thoroughly cleaned with diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

After cleaning, the porous particle was placed in a 1 L separable flask, 150 g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 150 g (580 mol % based on the glycidyl group) of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol were placed in the separable flask, and stirring and dispersion were carried out.

After that, 1.5 ml of a boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex was added, the temperature was raised to 80° C. while stirring at 200 rpm, and the resulting mixture was subjected to the reaction for 4 hours.

The mixture was cooled, then the resulting porous particle (carrier $2) bonded to a diol compound including an alkylene group in the structure thereof was collected by filtration and then washed with 1 L of ion exchanged water to obtain 165 g of a carrier 32.

The progress of the reaction was confirmed by the following procedure.

A part of the dry porous particle into which an alkylene group had been introduced was mixed with potassium bromide, and the resulting mixture was pelletized by applying a pressure and then measured using FT-IR (trade name: Nicolet (registered trademark) iS10, manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) to check the height of a absorbance peak at 908 cm−1 due to the glycidyl group in the infrared absorption spectrum.

As a result, no absorbance peak at 908 cm−1 was observed by FT-IR.

<Step (C): Introduction Reaction of Glycidyl Group>

150 g of the carrier $2 was weighed onto a glass filter and thoroughly cleaned with dimethylsulfoxide. After cleaning, the carrier $2 was placed in a separable flask, 262.5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide and 150 g of epichlorohydrin were added, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature, 37.5 ml of a 30% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (manufactured by KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC.) was further added, and the resulting mixture was heated to 30° C. and stirred for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, the porous particle was transferred onto a glass filter and thoroughly washed with water, acetone, and water in the order presented to obtain 180 g of a porous particle into which a glycidyl group had been introduced (carrier γ2).

The introduction density of the glycidyl group in the obtained carrier γ2 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the density of the glycidyl group was 900 μmol/g.

<Step (D): Introduction Reaction of Polyol>

150 g of the carrier γ2 was weighed onto a glass filter and thoroughly cleaned with diethylene glycol dimethyl ether. After cleaning, the carrier γ2 was placed in a 1 L separable flask, 150 g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 150 g (5760 mol % based on the glycidyl group) of ethylene glycol (log P=−1.36) were placed in the separable flask, and stirring and dispersion were carried out. After that, 1.5 mL of a boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex was added, the temperature was raised to 80° C. while stirring at 200 rpm, and the resulting mixture was subjected to the reaction for 4 hours. The mixture was cooled, and then the reaction product was collected by filtration and washed thoroughly with water to obtain 152 g of a polyol-introduced porous particle (carrier δ2). The carrier δ2 was classified into 16 to 37 μm using a sieve to obtain 140.5 g of a packing material 2.

The alkali resistance of the obtained packing material 2 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the amount of a carboxy group produced was 15.2 μmol/mL, and it was confirmed that the packing material 2 had excellent alkali resistance.

Further, the non-specific adsorption of the obtained packing material 2 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the elution volumes of the samples were 8.814 mL, 9.635 mL, 9.778 mL, 10.37 mL, 10.898 mL, and 12.347 mL, and it was confirmed that there was no contradiction between the order of the molecular weights of the samples and the order of the elution volumes thereof and that no non-specific adsorption was induced.

A packing material 8 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 150 g of ethylene glycol was used instead of 1,4-butanediol as an alkylene group-introducing agent.

The alkali resistance of the obtained packing material 8 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the amount of a carboxy group produced in the packing material 8 was 108.4 μmol/mL, resulting in poor alkali resistance.

Further, the non-specific adsorption of the obtained packing material 8 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the elution volumes of the samples were 9.708 mL, 9.8946 mL, 10.6452 mL, 11.5374 mL, and 12.1656 mL, and it was confirmed that there was no contradiction between the order of the molecular weights of the samples and the order of the elution volumes thereof and that no non-specific adsorption was induced.

Example 3

A carrier γ2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2.

150 g of the obtained carrier γ2 was weighed onto a glass filter and thoroughly cleaned with diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

After cleaning, the porous particle was placed in a 1 L separable flask, 150 g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 150 g of polyethylene glycol #200 (manufactured by KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., average molecular weight of 190 to 210, log P is unclear, but the close compound tetraethylene glycol (Mw of 194) has a log P of −2.02) (1790 mol % based on glycidyl group) were placed in the separable flask, and stirring and dispersion were carried out.

After that, 1.5 mL of a boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex was added, the temperature was raised to 80° C. while stirring at 200 rpm, and the resulting mixture was subjected to the reaction for 4 hours.

The mixture was cooled, and then the reaction product was collected by filtration and washed thoroughly with water to obtain 152 g of a porous particle into which a polyol had been introduced (carrier 63).

The carrier δ3 was classified into 16 to 37 μm using a sieve to obtain 140.5 g of a packing material 3.

The alkali resistance of the obtained packing material 3 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the amount of a carboxy group produced was 16.1 μmol/mL, and it was confirmed that the packing material 3 had excellent alkali resistance.

Further, the non-specific adsorption of the obtained packing material 3 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the elution volumes of the samples were 8.517 mL, 9.241 mL, 9.47 mL, 10.034 mL, 10.484 mL, and 11.927 mL, and it was confirmed that there was no contradiction between the order of the molecular weights of the samples and the order of the elution volumes thereof and that no non-specific adsorption was induced.

A packing material 9 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that no glycidyl group was introduced and no polyol was introduced. That is, the carrier $2 obtained in the step (B) of Example 2 was used as the packing material 9.

The non-specific adsorption of the obtained packing material 9 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the elution volumes of the samples were 8.590 mL, 10.316 mL, 9.603 mL, 10.484 mL, 13.863 mL, and 12.861 mL, and it was confirmed that there was a contradiction between the order of the molecular weights of the samples and the order of the elution volumes thereof and that non-specific adsorption was induced. Because of this, the alkali resistance was not evaluated.

Example 4

A packing material 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that 33.2 g of glycidyl methacrylate (trade name: Blemmer G (registered trademark) manufactured by NOF Corporation), 5.9 g of glycerin-1,3-dimethacrylate (trade name: NK Ester 701, SHIN-NAKAMURA CHEMICAL Co., Ltd.), 58.7 g of diethyl succinate, and 1.9 g of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were used to provide an oil phase. The amount of glycidyl methacrylate used was 90.0 mol % based on the total amount of the monomers, and the amount of glycerin-1,3-dimethacrylate used was 10.0 mol % based on the total amount of the monomers.

The alkali resistance of the obtained packing material 4 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the amount of a carboxy group produced was 11.5 μmol/mL, and it was confirmed that the packing material 4 had excellent alkali resistance.

Further, the non-specific adsorption of the obtained packing material 4 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the elution volumes of the samples were 7.52 mL, 8.214 mL, 8.451 mL, 9.062 mL, 9.511 mL, and 11.915 mL, and it was confirmed that there was no contradiction between the order of the molecular weights of the samples and the order of the elution volumes thereof and that no non-specific adsorption was induced.

A packing material 10 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 150 g (480 mol % based on glycidyl methacrylate) of 1,10-decanediol was used instead of 1,4-butanediol as an alkylene group-introducing agent.

The non-specific adsorption of the obtained packing material 10 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the elution volumes of the samples were 9.991 mL, 10.15 mL, 10.063 mL, 10.691 mL, 12.172 mL, and 11.531 mL, and it was confirmed that there was a contradiction between the order of the molecular weights of the samples and the order of the elution volumes thereof and that non-specific adsorption was induced. Because of this, the alkali resistance was not evaluated.

Example 5

A packing material 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that 21.5 g of glycidyl methacrylate (trade name: Blemmer G (registered trademark) manufactured by NOF Corporation), 17.6 g of glycerin-1,3-dimethacrylate (trade name: NK Ester 701, SHIN-NAKAMURA CHEMICAL Co., Ltd.), 58.7 g of diethyl succinate, and 1.9 g of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were used to provide an oil phase.

The amount of glycidyl methacrylate used was 66.2 mol % based on the total amount of the monomers, and the amount of glycerin-1,3-dimethacrylate used was 33.8 mol % based on the total amount of the monomers.

The alkali resistance of the obtained packing material 5 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the amount of a carboxy group produced was 18.3 μmol/mL, and it was confirmed that the packing material 5 had excellent alkali resistance.

Further, the non-specific adsorption of the obtained packing material 5 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the elution volumes of the samples were 8.692 mL, 9.434 mL, 9.625 mL, 10.236 mL, 10.759 mL, and 12.457 mL, and it was confirmed that there was no contradiction between the order of the molecular weights of the samples and the order of the elution volumes thereof and that no non-specific adsorption was induced.

A packing material 11 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that 13.7 g of glycidyl methacrylate (trade name: Blemmer G (registered trademark) manufactured by NOF Corporation), 25.4 g of glycerin-1,3-dimethacrylate (trade name: NK Ester 701, SHIN-NAKAMURA CHEMICAL Co., Ltd.), 58.7 g of diethyl succinate, and 1.9 g of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were used to provide an oil phase. The amount of glycidyl methacrylate used was 46.4 mol % based on the total amount of the monomers, and the amount of glycerin-1,3-dimethacrylate used was 53.6 mol % based on the total amount of the monomers.

The non-specific adsorption of the obtained packing material 11 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the elution volumes of the samples were 8.872 mL, 10.131 mL, 9.82 mL, 10.422 mL, 12.782 mL, and 12.553 mL, and it was confirmed that there was a contradiction between the order of the molecular weights of the samples and the order of the elution volumes thereof and that non-specific adsorption was induced. Because of this, the alkali resistance was not evaluated.

It was confirmed that the exclusion limit molecular weights of the packing materials obtained in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were all 1,000,000 or more.

Example 6

A packing material 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that 33.2 g of glycidyl methacrylate (trade name: Blemmer G (registered trademark) manufactured by NOF Corporation), 5.9 g of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (trade name: NK Ester 1G, SHIN-NAKAMURA CHEMICAL Co., Ltd.), 29.3 g of butyl acetate, 29.3 g of chlorobenzene, and 1.9 g of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were used to provide an oil phase. The amount of glycidyl methacrylate used was 88.7 mol % based on the total amount of the monomers, and the amount of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate used was 11.3 mol % based on the total amount of the monomers.

The alkali resistance of the obtained packing material 6 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the amount of a carboxy group produced was 12.5 μmol/mL, and it was confirmed that the packing material 6 had excellent alkali resistance.

Further, the non-specific adsorption of the obtained packing material 6 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the elution volumes of the samples were 9.613 mL, 10.427 mL, 10.444 mL, 11.066 mL, 11.582 mL, and 12.575 mL, and it was confirmed that there was no contradiction between the order of the molecular weights of the samples and the order of the elution volumes thereof and that no non-specific adsorption was induced.

A packing material 12 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that 37.1 g of glycidyl methacrylate (trade name: Blemmer G (registered trademark) manufactured by NOF Corporation), 2.0 g of glycerin-1,3-dimethacrylate (trade name: NK Ester 701, SHIN-NAKAMURA CHEMICAL Co., Ltd.), 58.7 g of diethyl succinate, and 1.9 g of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were used to provide an oil phase. The amount of glycidyl methacrylate used was 96.7 mol % based on the total amount of the monomers, and the amount of glycerin-1,3-dimethacrylate used was 3.3 mol % based on the total amount of the monomers.

Packing into a stainless steel column using the obtained packing material 12 was attempted. However, the back pressure was high, making liquid feeding difficult, and this made it impossible to carry out the packing. Because of this, neither of the evaluations was able to be carried out.

Results of the above Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in Table 1.

From the above results, by adopting the configuration of the present invention, a packing material having suppressed non-specific adsorption and high alkali resistance can be obtained.

When no hydrophobic portion is provided or when the alkylene chain is short, the alkali resistance is low as shown in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. In addition, it was found that when the alkylene chain is too long or when no hydrophilic portion is provided, the hydrophobicity is strong, and non-specific adsorption is induced as shown in Comparative Examples 3 and 4. In addition, in Comparative Example 5 having many repeating units derived from a polyfunctional monomer, it was found that non-specific adsorption was induced, and in Comparative Example 6 having fewer repeating units derived from a polyfunctional monomer, it was found that the back pressure applied to the apparatus was high, making column packing difficult.

TABLE 1
Amount of
carboxy
Degree ofgroup
PolyfunctionalcrosslinkingNon-specificproduced
Monomer[mol %]Alkylene groupPolyoladsorption5)[μmol/mL]
Ex. 1GDMA1)20.2Butylene groupSorbitol◯21
Ex. 2GDMA20.2Cyclohexane-1,4-dimethyleneEG3)◯15.2
group
Ex. 3GDMA20.2Cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylenePEG2004)◯16.1
group
Ex. 4GDMA10Cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylenePEG200◯11.5
group
Ex. 5GDMA33.8Cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylenePEG200◯18.3
group
Ex. 6EDMA2)11.3Cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylenePEG200◯12.5
group
Comp.GDMA20.2—Sorbitol◯120.3
Ex. 1
Comp.GDMA20.2Ethylene groupEG◯108.4
Ex. 2
Comp.GDMA20.2Cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylene—X—
Ex. 3group
Comp.GDMA20.2Decanylene groupSorbitolX—
Ex. 4
Comp.GDMA53.6Cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylenePEG200X—
Ex. 5group
Comp.GDMA3.3Cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylenePEG200Unmeasurable
Ex. 6group
1)GDMA: Glycerin-1,3-dimethacrylate
2)EDMA: Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
3)EG: Ethylene glycol
4)PEG200: Polyethylene glycol #200
5)◯: No non-specific adsorption, X: Non-specific adsorption

US11857949B2. Packing material and method for producing the same, and column for size exclusion chromatography (2024-01-02). Resonac Corporation [JP]. Inventors: Naoki Uchiyama [JP], Yuzuru Kokido [JP].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
A 300 Acetone Adsorption Alkalies Anabolism Aprotinin boron trifluoride Buffers butyl acetate butylene Butylene Glycols chlorobenzene COMP protocol Cyclohexane cyclohexanedimethanol diethylamine diethyl succinate diglyme Epichlorohydrin Esters Ethanol ethylene dimethacrylate Ethylenes Ethyl Ether Filtration G 130 gamma-Globulin Gel Chromatography Glycerin glycidyl methacrylate Glycol, Ethylene High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hydrochloric acid Hydrolysis Nitrogen Polyethylene Glycols Polymers polyol Polyvinyl Alcohol potassium bromide Potassium Chloride potassium hydroxide Pressure Ribonucleases Sodium Hydroxide sodium phosphate Solvents Sorbitol Stainless Steel Sulfoxide, Dimethyl tetraethylene glycol Thyroglobulin Titrimetry Uridine
2
Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis as Risk Factor for Thyroid Cancer Recurrence
Fine-needle aspiration cytology was used for the diagnosis of PTC and for pre-operative evaluations. A breakdown analysis of the surgical procedures is presented in Fig. 1. Clear pre-operative evidence of paratracheal lymph node metastasis was observed in 12 cases. Lateral cervical lymph node dissection was performed along with lymph node metastasis dissection, which was evident on pre-operative echo and CT images. In order to monitor tumor recurrence, all patients underwent a thyroid function test, as well as thyroglobulin assessment and an ultrasonography of the neck, for the detection and localization of tumor recurrence. Additionally, computed tomography was also used at 1-year intervals.
Firstly, in order to demonstrate that lateral cervical lymph node metastasis is a risk factor for recurrence, the difference in disease-free survival (DFS) between patients with and without lateral cervical lymph node metastasis was examined, which was demonstrated to significantly shorten DFS, as presented in Fig. 2.
Patient and disease factors were selected to examine the risk factors for lateral cervical lymph node metastasis. Patient factors included sex and age. Disease factors included the presence or absence of lymphovascular invasion, venous invasion, extrathyroidal infiltration, intraglandular metastasis, paratracheal lymph node metastasis, and tumor size based on the post-operative pathological diagnosis. Univariate analysis was performed for each factor, and multivariate analysis was performed for items demonstrating significant differences. Kaplan-Meier analysis of DFS was used to compare the difference in recurrence rates between patients with and without lateral cervical lymph node metastasis.
Masui T., Adachi S., Uemura H., Kimura T, & Kitahara T. (2023). Risk factors for the lateral cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A clinical study. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 18(4), 25.
Publication 2023
A-factor (Streptomyces) Aspiration Biopsy, Fine-Needle Catabolism Cytological Techniques Diagnosis Dissection ECHO protocol factor A Lymph Node Dissection Lymph Node Metastasis Neck Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Recurrence Thyroglobulin Thyroid Function Tests Ultrasonography Veins X-Ray Computed Tomography
3
Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Registry
For each patient, the registry collects a basic set of data. In the future, approved linked studies requiring specific data collection can be added to the database. Patient demographic and clinical data are submitted by sites via direct data entry using a secured web-based database. The primary physician/site investigator is responsible for entering patient data directly into the database. Sites will be trained to use the database and will be provided with a data entry manual to assist with good-quality data collection. Data to be collected in the basic ped-DTC registry include the following domains: (i) demographics; (ii) preoperative results; (iii) surgical treatment; (iv) postoperative results; (v) 131I therapy; and (vi) outcome. Data items collected by the basic ped-DTC registry are outlined in Table 2. A detailed case report form (CRF) will be developed by the expert working group.

Data items collected by basic pediatric-DTC registry.

1. Patient details2. Preoperative3. Surgical treatment4. Postoperative5. (131I) therapy6. Outcome
Patient IDPresence of comorbiditiesSurgeon (pediatric/ adult/ endocrine/ combination)TNM stagingIndicationSerum Tg antibodies
SexFamily history of DTCProcedure typeHistology (PA)Number of 131I treatmentsMaximum stimulated Tg
Date of enrollmentTypical manifestations of familial syndromesIndication for procedureGenetic testing resultsCumulative activity of 131IDeath of disease
Country/hospitalPrevious exposure to radiationLymph node dissection (levels)Transient hypoparathyroidismDistant metastasesDeath of any cause
Age at diagnosisPrevious malignancyLymph node dissection intentTransient recurrent nerve injuryDistant metastasis sitesDate of death
Date of diagnosisPrevious thyroid surgeryOther adverse events/surgical complicationsOther adjuvant therapy (i.e. radiotherapy or TKI)Date of last known alive
Clinical symptomsRecurrence
Dominant finding at physical examPersistent disease
Thyroid function at diagnosisRemission
Preoperative imaging resultsPersistent hypoparathyroidism
Results of fine needle aspiration (Bethesda classification)Persistent recurrent nerve injury
Clinical voice abnormalityDry mouth/hyposalivation
Preoperative laryngeal examSecond primary malignancies
Weight SDSInfertility
Height SDSOther adverse events
Calculated BMI SDS

BMI, body mass index; DTC, differentiated thyroid carcinoma; PA, pathology; SDS, standard deviation scores; Tg, thyroglobulin; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor; TNM, tumor, node, metastases.

Clement S.C., Visser W.E., Lebbink C.A., Albano D., Claahsen-van der Grinten H.L., Czarniecka A., Dias R.P., Dierselhuis M.P., Dzivite-Krisane I., Elisei R., Garcia-Burillo A., Izatt L., Kanaka-Gantenbein C., Krude H., Lamartina L., Lorenz K., Luster M., Navardauskaitė R., Negre Busó M., Newbold K., Peeters R.P., Pellegriti G., Piccardo A., Priego A.L., Redlich A., de Sanctis L., Sobrinho-Simões M., van Trotsenburg A.S., Verburg F.A., Vriens M., Links T.P., Ahmed S.F, & van Santen H.M. (2023). Development of a pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma registry within the EuRRECa project: rationale and protocol. Endocrine Connections, 12(3), e220306.
Publication 2023
Adult Aspiration Biopsy, Fine-Needle Carcinoma, Thyroid Dissection Index, Body Mass Larynx Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Nervousness Operative Surgical Procedures Oral Cavity Patients Pharmaceutical Adjuvants Physical Examination Physicians Radiotherapy System, Endocrine Therapeutics Thyroglobulin Thyroid Gland Transients
4
Active Surveillance for Low-risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
AS was performed in patients who were diagnosed with low-risk PTMC and chose this management, as described previously.7 (link),19 (link),20 (link) Our AS of clinically low-risk PTMC was a management plan for performing CS at an appropriate time in cases of disease progression. In brief, we asked patients to visit our clinic periodically to evaluate tumor status and nodal status on ultrasonography. We regarded tumors as enlarged when the maximal diameter increased by ≥3 mm compared with the initial size. We discussed CS with the patients, and if the patients preferred to pursue AS, we continued AS until the tumor size reached 13 mm. If lymph node metastasis was suspected, we performed cytological examination of the node with thyroglobulin measurement of the needle washout. We recommended CS if a nodal metastasis was diagnosed.
Sasaki T., Miyauchi A., Fujishima M., Ito Y., Kudo T., Noda T., Sano T., Kishi T, & Nakamura T. (2023). Comparison of Postoperative Unfavorable Events in Patients with Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Immediate Surgery Versus Conversion Surgery Following Active Surveillance. Thyroid, 33(2), 186-191.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Disease Progression Lymph Node Metastasis Needles Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Patients Thyroglobulin Ultrasonography
5
Postoperative Surveillance for Thyroid Cancer
After surgery, patients were asked to attend our hospital for blood tests and ultrasound examinations at least once per year. For patients referred to other hospitals, questionnaires were sent yearly to evaluate their condition. When suspicious lymph nodes were detected by ultrasonography, we performed fine-needle aspiration for cytology and thyroglobulin measurement in the needle washout. If either of these were positive, nodal recurrence was diagnosed.
Sasaki T., Miyauchi A., Fujishima M., Ito Y., Kudo T., Noda T., Sano T., Kishi T, & Nakamura T. (2023). Comparison of Postoperative Unfavorable Events in Patients with Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Immediate Surgery Versus Conversion Surgery Following Active Surveillance. Thyroid, 33(2), 186-191.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Aspiration Biopsy, Fine-Needle Cytological Techniques Hematologic Tests Needles Nodes, Lymph Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Physical Examination Recurrence Thyroglobulin Ultrasonics Ultrasonography

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More about "Thyroglobulin"

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a large glycoprotein synthesized by the thyroid gland that serves as a precursor for the production of the thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
It is an important biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disorders, including thyroid cancer.
Accurate and reproducible measurement of Tg levels is crucial for effective patient management.
PubCompare.ai is an AI-powered platform that helps researchers optimize their Tg analysis workflows by identifying the most reliable and accurate research protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents.
Leveraging intelligent comparisons, PubCompare.ai empowers scientists to ensure reliable results and streamline their Tg studies.
Tg analysis often involves techniques like gel filtration chromatography, where Tg is separated from other serum proteins like bovine serum albumin (BSA), Vitamin B12, γ-globulin, and Ferritin using a Superdex 200 10/300 GL column.
These proteins can be used as gel filtration standards to help characterize the Tg molecule and ensure the accuracy of Tg measurements.
By utilizing the insights and tools provided by PubCompare.ai, researchers can optimize their Tg analysis workflows, leading to more reliable and reproducible results in the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disorders and thyroid cancer.
Explore the power of PubCompare.ai for your Tg studies and discover the most effective research protocols to advance your work.