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Urokinase

Urokinase is a serine protease that plays a crucial role in the fibrinolytic system, responsible for the dissolution of blood clots.
It converts plasminogen into plasmin, the primary enzyme involved in the breakdown of fibrin.
Urokinase is produced by various cell types, including endothelial cells, monocytes, and certain tumor cells.
Its activity is regulated by several inhibitors, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).
Urokinase has been studied extensively in the context of thrombotic disorders, cancer metastasis, and wound healing.
Its therapeutic potential has been explored in the management of conditions like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and certain malignancies.
Reserach on urokinase continues to advance our understanding of its complex physiological and pathological functions.

Most cited protocols related to «Urokinase»

1
Guidance on Venous Thromboembolism Management
Cited 7 times
To provide guidance on the management of VTE, the authors developed a list of important management questions to be considered in this document (Table 1). Questions were developed by consensus of all the authors. To answer these questions, a literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 2004 to August 2014 was conducted. The following search terms were used and combined: anticoagulant treatment, anticoagulant therapy, antithrombotic treatment, heparin, low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, nadroparin, dalteparin, certoparin, bemiparin, tinzaparin, parnaparin, reviparin, vitamin K antagonists, warfarin, acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon, thrombolysis, thrombolytic treatment, fibrinolytic agent, fibrinolysis, urokinase, tenecteplase, alteplase, rtPA, tPA; aspirin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel; venous thromboembolism, venous thrombosis, deep venous thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, superficial venous thrombosis, superficial venous thrombophlebitis; diagnosis. The search strategy was restricted to papers published in English. Detailed information on the results of the literature search is available upon request.

Guidance questions to be considered

How is the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism established?
Which patients require hospitalization versus initial outpatient therapy for the management of VTE?
What are the therapeutic options for the acute treatment of venous thromboembolism?
Which patients are candidates for a DOAC?
What is the role of vena cava filters if the patient is not a candidate for anticoagulation?
How is upper extremity VTE treated?
When is ambulation/exercise safe after DVT/PE?
Is the use of graduated compression stockings safe after acute DVT/PE?
What is the recommended duration of therapy for VTE?   What is the recommended duration of therapy for a patient with distal DVT?   What is the recommended duration of therapy for a patient with a surgically provoked VTE?   What is the recommended duration of therapy for a pregnancy or estrogen-associated VTE?   What is the recommended duration of therapy for a medical illness-associated VTE?   What is the recommended duration of therapy for a travel-associated VTE?   What is the recommended duration of therapy for a malignancy-associated VTE?   What is the recommended duration of therapy for a patient with unprovoked DVT/PE?
What are the therapeutic options for long term treatment of DVT/PE?
What is the best treatment of patients who have recurrent VTE in spite of anticoagulation?
How can you assess the risk of recurrent VTE and anticoagulant-associated bleeding?
For papers published before 2004, we only considered the most important studies that were likely to influence our responses to the questions. These studies were selected and suggested by the authors of this guidance document.
Streiff M.B., Agnelli G., Connors J.M., Crowther M., Eichinger S., Lopes R., McBane R.D., Moll S, & Ansell J. (2016). Guidance for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, 41, 32-67.
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Publication 2016
Acenocoumarol antagonists Anticoagulants Aspirin bemiparin certoparin Clopidogrel Compression Stockings Dalteparin Diagnosis Enoxaparin Estrogens Fibrinolysis Fibrinolytic Agents Heparin Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight Hospitalization Long-Term Care Malignant Neoplasms Nadroparin Operative Surgical Procedures Outpatients parnaparin Patients Phenprocoumon Pregnancy Pulmonary Embolism reviparin Tenecteplase Thrombophlebitis Ticlopidine Tinzaparin Upper Extremity Urokinase Veins Vena Cava Filters Venous Thromboembolism Venous Thrombosis Vitamin K Warfarin
2
Hepatocyte Cell Culture Protocols
Cited 7 times
HepG2 and HuH7 were cultured in DMEM (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 100 U/mL non‐essential amino acids (Life Technologies) unless otherwise described. Primary human hepatocytes (PHH), PXB cells, isolated from urokinase‐type plasminogen activator transgenic/SCID mice inoculated with PHH and HepaRG were purchased from PhoenixBio, Hiroshima, Japan and KAC, Kyoto, Japan respectively, and cultured under manufacturer's protocols. HepG2/NTCP and HuH7/NTCP cells are HepG2‐ and HuH7‐derived cell lines transduced by pCAN‐NTCP‐myc and are susceptible to HBV infection.
Nishitsuji H., Ujino S., Shimizu Y., Harada K., Zhang J., Sugiyama M., Mizokami M, & Shimotohno K. (2015). Novel reporter system to monitor early stages of the hepatitis B virus life cycle. Cancer Science, 106(11), 1616-1624.
Publication 2015
Amino Acids, Essential Animals, Transgenic Cell Lines Cells Hepatocyte Homo sapiens Infection Mice, Transgenic Penicillins SCID Mice Streptomycin Urokinase
3
Integrin α6 Antibody Characterization
Cited 7 times
J8H, a mouse mAb, recognizes an extracellular epitope of α6 integrin and was a generous gift from Dr. Arnoud Sonnenberg (27 (link)). The integrin α6 rat mAb J1B5 was generated by Dr. Caroline Damsky (29 (link)). AA6NT a rabbit pAb, was generated against a recombinant fragment of the N-terminal integrin α6 β-barrel domain and was used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of archival material. In contrast, AA6A is a rabbit pAb, recognizing the intracellular C-terminal domain of α6 integrin was previously characterized by us and used for western blot analysis (21 (link)). Donkey anti-mouse Alexa conjugated antibodies and anti-Rabbit HRP antibodies were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Human, single chain, activated, urokinase was obtained from Millipore (Temecula, CA). Growth Factor Reduced Matrigel was from BD Biosciences (Bedford, MA).
Ports M.O., Nagle R.B., Pond G.D, & Cress A.E. (2009). Extracellular Engagement of α6 Integrin Inhibited uPA Mediated Cleavage and Delayed Human Prostate Bone Metastasis. Cancer research, 69(12), 5007-5014.
Publication 2009
Anti-Antibodies Epitopes Equus asinus Growth Factor Homo sapiens Immunohistochemistry Integrins matrigel Mice, House Protoplasm Rabbits Urokinase Western Blot
4
Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Cited 6 times
The Multicenter Randomized Clinical trial of Endovascular treatment for Acute ischemic stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN) is a multicenter clinical trial with randomized treatment allocation, open-label treatment and blinded endpoint evaluation (PROBE design) (Figure 1). The active comparison is IAT (intra-arterial alteplase or urokinase, and/or mechanical treatment) versus no IAT. The treatment is provided in addition to best medical management according to national and international guidelines, and may include IV thrombolysis. The study currently runs in 17 large hospitals in the Netherlands for a total period of 5 years (4 years of patient inclusion). Patient inclusion started in December 2010.

Trial logo.

Fransen P.S., Beumer D., Berkhemer O.A., van den Berg L.A., Lingsma H., van der Lugt A., van Zwam W.H., van Oostenbrugge R.J., Roos Y.B., Majoie C.B, & Dippel D.W. (2014). MR CLEAN, a multicenter randomized clinical trial of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in the Netherlands: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 15, 343.
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Publication 2014
Acute Ischemic Stroke Alteplase Arteries Fibrinolytic Agents Patients Urokinase
5
Retrospective Study of Brainstem Acute Infarction
Cited 3 times
This retrospective study was performed based on clinical data consecutively collected from patients with BAD who were admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2015 to August 2019. Inclusion criteria were as follows: subjects who (1 (link)) were treated within 4.5 h after symptom onset, (2 (link)) received intravenous alteplase or/and antiplatelet therapy, (3 (link)) completed follow-up process at 3 months after stroke, and (4 (link)) were diagnosed by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Exclusion criteria were as follows: subjects who (1 (link)) were treated beyond 4.5 h after symptom onset, (2 (link)) received intravenous urokinase, (3 (link)) failed to complete magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or had poor imaging quality, or (4 (link)) did not complete follow-up at 3 months after stroke. Figure 1 shows the flowchart of selection of eligible study subjects. Moreover, as illustrated in Figure 2, BAD-related infarctions were previously defined as follows (6 (link), 11 (link)–15 (link)): (1 (link)) infarcts with a diameter ≥15 mm that involves ≥3 axial slices on DWI in the blood-supply region of lenticulostriate artery, or lesions extending to the ventral pontine surface in the blood-supply region of paramedian pontine artery; (2 (link)) neither evidence of large arterial stenosis (>50%) or occlusion, nor evidence of cardiogenic embolism.
Demographic characteristics, including age and sex, as well as clinical data, involving onset-to-needle time (ONT), baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, blood pressure at admission, baseline blood glucose levels, NIHSS score at discharge, and length of stay at hospital were recorded. Risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, history of smoking, atrial fibrillation, and history of ischemic stroke were recorded as well. The clinical data were collected by two neurologists (CN and ZK).
Wu X., Liu Y., Nie C., Kang Z., Wang Q., Sun D., Li H., Liu Y, & Mei B. (2020). Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Thrombolysis on Acute Branch Atheromatous Disease: A Retrospective Case–Control Study. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, 581.
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Publication 2020
Alteplase Arteries Atrial Fibrillation BLOOD Blood Glucose Blood Pressure Cerebrovascular Accident Dental Occlusion Diabetes Mellitus Diffusion Embolism High Blood Pressures Hyperlipidemia Infarction Needles Neurologists Patient Discharge Patients Pons Stenosis Stroke, Ischemic Therapeutics Urokinase

Most recents protocols related to «Urokinase»

1
Minimally Invasive Subdural Hematoma Evacuation
The SEPS consists of two systems; a stainless steel evacuating port that can be threaded through the twist-drill hole into the cranial cavity and a hermetical drainage system that is attached to the port to evacuate the hematoma fluid. The SEPS is placed under local anesthesia in the operating room according to standard techniques. The evacuating port was then connected to the silicone tubing, a three-way stopcock, and a closed drainage system (Figure 1).
Regarding postoperative management, the draining system was generally fixed to the bed's frame at the level of the external acoustic meatus in the supine position but sometimes it should be individualized. The patients were limited to bed rest as much as possible in the 15 degrees head-up tilt position. Sitting position or mobilization was allowed if the drainage was shut off. A CT scan was done at 4–6 h following the surgery to confirm the positioning of the port and to assess the adequacy of drainage. Subsequent CT scans were conducted for any safety concerns or repeatedly until the residual hematoma was totally removed or the drainage was clean.
6 h or more after SEPS placement, we administered the thrombolytic agent urokinase directly into the subdural space through a three-way stopcock, at 50,000 IU in 5 mL followed by a 2 mL flush of sterile saline. The drainage was shut off for 1 h to allow drug-hematoma interaction and then reopened. We repeat this administration daily. The SEPS was removed if postoperative imaging demonstrated total evacuation of the hematoma, or the drainage was clean.
The discharged patients were followed for more than 3 months and underwent a routine clinical assessment 1 to 3 months after surgery, including neurological examination and CT scan of the head. The mRS score was determined on the basis of the information obtained.
Liu T., Gao Z., Zhou J., Lai X., Chen X., Rao Q., Guo D., Zheng J., Lin F., Lin Y, & Lin Z. (2023). Subdural evacuating port system with subdural thrombolysis for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma in patients older than 80 years. Frontiers in Neurology, 14, 1068829.
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Publication 2023
Cranium Dental Caries Drainage Drill Drug Interactions External Auditory Canals Flushing Head Hematoma Local Anesthesia Neurologic Examination Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Reading Frames Rest, Bed Safety Saline Solution Silicones Stainless Steel Sterility, Reproductive Subdural Space Urokinase X-Ray Computed Tomography
2
Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Between January 2011 and December 2019, patients with IPF were identified from
the de-identified health claims database using both the International
Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th
Revision (ICD-10) code of IPF (J84.1) and the RID registration system code of
IPF (V236). To ensure the accuracy of the diagnosis, only patients with at least
one visit with an IPF-related code within a year were selected.
VTE cases were defined using both the ICD-10 code for VTE, which included codes
for DVT and PE, and concurrent medication codes for VTE. The codes for DVT
included I80.2 [DVT, not otherwise specified (NOS)] and I80.3 (embolism or
thrombosis of the lower extremity, NOS). The codes for PE included I26
(pulmonary thromboembolism), I26.0 (PE with mention of acute cor pulmonale), and
I26.9 (PE, NOS). Medication codes for VTE included unfractionated heparin (UFH),
low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH: enoxaparin, dalteparin, and nadroparin),
warfarin, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs: rivaroxaban, apixaban,
edoxaban, and dabigatran).
Individuals who had any diagnostic code for VTE prior to IPF were excluded from
the analysis. For each selected patient, demographic characteristics (age and
sex), comorbidities [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma,
diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart
disease (IHD), ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic liver
diseases, chronic kidney disease, lung cancer, and any malignancy other than
lung cancer], medication use for IPF (pirfenidone) and VTE (UFH, LMWH, warfarin,
and DOAC), and thrombolytic agents (urokinase, streptokinase, and alteplase),
procedures for IPF and VTE (mechanical ventilation, thrombectomy, and inferior
vena cava filter insertion), use of hospital utilization [hospitalization,
emergency room (ER) visit, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission], and the
medical costs associated with VTE and IPF were all collected for the analysis.
Because nintedanib was not covered by national insurance in South Korea,
pirfenidone was only included in this study as antifibrotic agent.
Lee J.H., Lee H.H., Park H.J., Kim S., Kim Y.J., Lee J.S, & Kim H.C. (2023). Venous thromboembolism in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, based on nationwide claim data. Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, 17, 17534666231155772.
Publication 2023
Alteplase Anticoagulants apixaban Asthma Chronic Kidney Diseases Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease Congestive Heart Failure Cor Pulmonale Dabigatran Dalteparin Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis edoxaban Embolism Enoxaparin Fibrinolytic Agents Heparin Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight High Blood Pressures Hospitalization Lower Extremity Lung Cancer Malignant Neoplasms Mechanical Ventilation Nadroparin Neurodegenerative Disorders nintedanib Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations pirfenidone Pulmonary Thromboembolisms Rivaroxaban Streptokinase Stroke, Ischemic Thrombectomy Urokinase Vena Cava Filters Warfarin
3
Stereotactic Catheter Aspiration for Intracerebral Hematoma
Stereotactic catheter aspiration was conducted using either a stereotactic frame (Leksell Vantage, Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) or frameless stereotactic navigation system (BrainLab AG, Munich, Germany). All surgeries were conducted by a well-trained surgical team (Q.L, Z.W, Y.Z).
Surgical procedures were based on the method described in previous studies [3 (link),18 (link)]. Briefly, a thin-section CT scan (1 mm or 1.5 mm) was performed before surgery for the frame parameter or frameless navigation data construction. The puncture point and trajectory were designed along the long axis of the hematoma. The catheter was placed into the hematoma through a sheath into the precalculated depth. The hematoma was gently aspirated using a 10 mL volume syringe at multiple sites along the long axis of the hematoma until resistance was reached. The sheath depth was adjusted to aspirate the remaining hematoma. Saline was used to wash the hematoma cavity until no further blood clots could be aspirated. An additional CT scan was performed after surgery to determine the location of the catheter and the residual hematoma. Next, 50,000 units of urokinase were injected into the hematoma cavity if the residual hematoma was more than 10 mL. The catheter was generally retained for 1–3 days depending on the amount of fluid drainage and the result of repeated CT scans.
Fang Y., Wang J., Chen L., Yan W., Gao S., Liu Y., Wang X., Dong X., Zhang J., Chen S., Liu F., Wang Z, & Zhang Y. (2023). Functional Outcome Analysis of Stereotactic Catheter Aspiration for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Early or Late Hematoma Evacuation?. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(4), 1533.
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Publication 2023
Catheters Dental Caries Drainage Epistropheus Hematoma Microtomy Neuronavigation Operative Surgical Procedures Punctures Reading Frames Saline Solution Syringes Thrombus Urokinase X-Ray Computed Tomography
4
Routine Therapies for Acute Coronary Syndrome
We included therapies widely embraced by the clinical community as routine therapies. Specifically, therapies were considered routine if they were strongly (i.e., Recommendation Class I) and consistently recommended by clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) based on sufficient evidence (i.e., Level of Evidence A) in both mainland China and the US.
In April 2021, we screened the CPGs developed by the Chinese Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. We identified four routine therapies:

Reperfusion, including primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and fibrinolytic therapy. Fibrinolytic therapy could be performed by tenecteplase, reteplase, alteplase, streptokinase, urokinase, or prourokinase. RCTs evaluating delayed PCI or fibrinolytic therapy were excluded.

P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, including clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel. RCTs evaluating loading P2Y12 receptor inhibitors administered before PCI or fibrinolytic therapy were excluded.

Statins, including atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, and pitavastatin. We excluded RCTs evaluating loading statin therapy administered before PCI or fibrinolytic therapy.

Anticoagulants, including unfractionated heparin, enoxaparin, fondaparinux, and bivalirudin. We only included RCTs evaluating anticoagulants administered with fibrinolytic therapy.

Jia Y., Liang J., Wang W., Wei X., Xiao S, & Robinson K.A. (2023). Assessment of redundant randomized clinical trials among patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. BMC Medicine, 21, 69.
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Publication 2023
Alteplase Anticoagulants Atorvastatin bivalirudin Cardiovascular System Chinese Clopidogrel Enoxaparin Fluvastatin Fondaparinux Heparin Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors inhibitors Lovastatin Percutaneous Coronary Intervention pitavastatin Prasugrel Pravastatin Reperfusion reteplase Rosuvastatin saruplase Simvastatin Streptokinase Tenecteplase Therapeutics Thrombolytic Therapy Ticagrelor Urokinase
5
Urokinase-based Thrombolysis for Mesenteric Artery Occlusion
The thrombolysis procedures were performed by interventional radiologists. Under local anaesthesia, the right femoral artery was punctured in accordance with the Seldinger technique, and a 10 cm long 6 Fr sheath (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) was implanted. Selective catheterisation of the SMA was performed using an 80 cm long 4 Fr catheter (J curve; Terumo). SMA angiography was performed to identify the filling defects. Thrombolysis was performed using a 5 Fr multiple-sideport infusion catheter (100 cm with fourteen 7 cm sideports or 100 cm with thirty 15 cm sideports; Cook, Bloomington, IN, USA). The tip of the microcatheter was embedded in the thromboembolism, and our infusion protocol was started with intrathrombus pulse-spray injection of urokinase (urokinase-GCC injection, 250,000 IU) with a loading dose of 300,000 IU in 20 mL of normal saline in the first 3 patients and 250,000 IU in the next 10 patients, followed by a maintenance dose of 50,000 IU/h for 3 days. Intravenous heparin was administered simultaneously under close monitoring and surveillance in the surgical intensive care unit. Possible hemorrhagic complications, such as intracranial haemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, or puncture site oozing, were assessed, and the fibrinogen levels were checked every 6 h and the dose of urokinase was adjusted or discontinued for fibrinogen < 200 mg/dL. Follow-up angiography was usually performed once daily for 3 days or discontinued when clinical deterioration occurred. The patient was discharged with a warfarin prescription. Data on age, sex, clinical presentation, imaging studies such as abdominal CT and angiography, SMA occlusion location and degree, time and response to urokinase treatment, and clinical outcomes were retrospectively evaluated.
Lin B.C., Wu C.H., Wong Y.C., Hung S.C, & Hsin M.C. (2023). Intra-Arterial Urokinase for Acute Superior Mesenteric Artery Occlusion: A Retrospective 12-Year Report of 13 Cases. Biomedicines, 11(2), 267.
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Publication 2023
Abdomen Angiography Catheterization Catheters Clinical Deterioration Dental Occlusion Femoral Artery Fibrinogen Fibrinolytic Agents Hemorrhage Heparin Intracranial Hemorrhage Local Anesthesia Normal Saline Patients Pulse Rate Punctures Radiologist Surgical Intensive Care Thromboembolism Urokinase Warfarin

Top products related to «Urokinase»

1
Thrombin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Sao Tome and Principe, Switzerland, Sweden, Ireland, Macao, India, Australia, France, Spain
Thrombin is a serine protease enzyme that plays a crucial role in the blood coagulation process. It is responsible for the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which is the main structural component of blood clots. Thrombin also activates other factors involved in the clotting cascade, promoting the formation and stabilization of blood clots.
2
Urokinase plasminogen activator by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is a laboratory reagent used in research applications. It is a serine protease that activates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. uPA plays a role in extracellular matrix degradation, cell migration, and tissue remodeling. It can be used in research studies related to these biological functions.
3
Urokinase by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, China
Urokinase is a laboratory enzyme used in medical research and diagnostics. It is a serine protease that helps catalyze the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which is involved in the breakdown of blood clots. Urokinase is commonly used in in-vitro studies to understand the mechanisms of blood clot formation and dissolution.
4
Trizol reagent by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Italy, Australia, Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Belgium, Lithuania, Denmark, Singapore, New Zealand, India, Brazil, Argentina, Sweden, Norway, Austria, Poland, Finland, Israel, Hong Kong, Cameroon, Sao Tome and Principe, Macao, Taiwan, Province of China, Thailand
TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.
5
Horseradish peroxidase hrp conjugated immunoglobulins by Agilent Technologies
Sourced in Germany
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated immunoglobulins are a class of laboratory reagents used in various analytical techniques. HRP is an enzyme that can catalyze the oxidation of substrates, producing a detectable signal. When coupled with immunoglobulins, these reagents can be used to detect and quantify specific target molecules in samples.
6
Penicillin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, France, Canada, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Italy, Israel, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Brazil, Netherlands, Gabon, Denmark, Poland, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Argentina, India, Macao, Uruguay, Portugal, Holy See (Vatican City State), Czechia, Singapore, Panama, Thailand, Moldova, Republic of, Finland, Morocco
Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.
7
Streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, France, Canada, Australia, Japan, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium, Israel, Austria, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, Brazil, Denmark, Argentina, Sweden, New Zealand, Ireland, India, Gabon, Macao, Portugal, Czechia, Singapore, Norway, Thailand, Uruguay, Moldova, Republic of, Finland, Panama
Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.
8
Fibrinogen by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Macao, Japan, France, Switzerland, Hungary, Italy, China
Fibrinogen is a plasma protein that plays a crucial role in the blood clotting process. It is a component of the coagulation cascade and is essential for the formation of fibrin clots.
9
Human glu plasminogen by Prolytix
Sourced in United States
Human glu-plasminogen is a laboratory reagent used in the study of the fibrinolytic system. It is a precursor form of the enzyme plasmin, which plays a key role in the breakdown of blood clots. This product is intended for research use only and its function is to provide a source of the glu-plasminogen protein for experimental purposes.

More about "Urokinase"

Urokinase, also known as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), is a crucial enzyme in the fibrinolytic system, responsible for the dissolution of blood clots.
It plays a vital role in converting plasminogen into plasmin, the primary enzyme involved in the breakdown of fibrin.
Urokinase is produced by various cell types, including endothelial cells, monocytes, and certain tumor cells.
Its activity is regulated by several inhibitors, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).
Urokinase has been extensively studied in the context of thrombotic disorders, cancer metastasis, and wound healing.
Its therapeutic potential has been explored in the management of conditions like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and certain malignancies.
Research on urokinase continues to advance our understanding of its complex physiological and pathological functions.
Thrombin, another key player in the coagulation cascade, is often studied in conjunction with urokinase.
Fibrinogen, the precursor to fibrin, is also an important factor in understanding urokinase's role in the fibrinolytic system.
Additionally, human glu-plasminogen is the substrate for urokinase, which converts it into the active plasmin.
To study urokinase, researchers often utilize techniques such as TRIzol reagent for RNA extraction and HRP-conjugated immunoglobulins for detection.
Penicillin and streptomycin are commonly used antibiotics to prevent contamination in cell culture experiments involving urokinase.
PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, can optimize your urokinase research by helping you locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents using advanced comparisons.
This tool can enhance reproducibility and accuracy, simplifying your research process and taking your urokinase studies to the next level.