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Cefotaxime

Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.
It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including many strains resistant to older cephalosporins.
Cefotaxime works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell death.
It is commonly used to treat pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, urinary tract infections, and other serious infections.
Cefotaxime is administered intravenously or intramuscularly and is generally well-tolerated, though side effects may include gastrointestinal distress, allergic reactions, and disulfiram-like reactions with alcohol consumption.
Proper dosage and duration of treatment is important to ensure efficacy and prevent the development of resistant strains.

Most cited protocols related to «Cefotaxime»

1
Sepsis Fluid Resuscitation Protocol
This study was a restrictive observation study from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV version 0.4) database from 2008 to 2019 [24 ]. An individual who has finished the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative examination (Certification number 35931520 for author Zhou) can access the database. This is a longitudinal, single-center database including 257,366 individuals and 196,527 adults, and 11,263 patients with sepsis (Defined by sepsis-3 criteria [1 (link)]). In our study, we extracted patients’ parameters containing age, gender, ethnic group, admission type, insurance condition, the first 24-h Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS) score, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, SpO2, total urine output during the first 24 h after ICU admission, lactate level, the use of vasopressors, weight, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy (RRT), the stage of acute kidney injury (AKI), anamnesis (myocardial infarction, cancer, renal disease, cirrhosis and diabetes) and the type and volume of their fluid administration during the whole ICU stay. Vasopressors included norepinephrine, phenylephrine, epinephrine, vasopressin, dopamine, and dobutamine. For the antibiotics, Carbapenems (meropenem), Glycopeptide (vancomycin), β-lactams (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and cefepime), and Aminoglycosides (gentamicin and amikacin) were extracted into our analysis. In this study, types of administration for crystalloids and albumin including normal saline and lactated Ringer’s (LR) solution, while 5% and 25% HSA for colloids. The code of data extraction is available on Github (https://github.com/MIT-LCP/mimic-iv).
Adults patients (≥ 18 years) with sepsis and complete fluid administration records were screened in the analysis. The following exclusion criteria were used: (1) patients who have not received any crystalloids administration; (2) patients who received albumin longer than 24 h after the initiation of crystalloids administration or preceded the crystalloids. For patients who had ICU admission more than once, only data of the first ICU admission of the first hospital stay were included.
Zhou S., Zeng Z., Wei H., Sha T, & An S. (2021). Early combination of albumin with crystalloids administration might be beneficial for the survival of septic patients: a retrospective analysis from MIMIC-IV database. Annals of Intensive Care, 11, 42.
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Publication 2021
Adult Aftercare Albumins Amikacin Aminoglycosides Antibiotics, Antitubercular Carbapenems Cefepime Cefotaxime Ceftriaxone Colloids Diabetes Mellitus Dobutamine Dopamine Epinephrine Ethnicity Gender Gentamicin Glycopeptides Hormone, Antidiuretic Immunologic Memory Intensive Care Kidney Diseases Kidney Failure, Acute Lactams Lactated Ringer's Solution Lactates Liver Cirrhosis Malignant Neoplasms Mechanical Ventilation Meropenem Myocardial Infarction Norepinephrine Normal Saline Patients Phenylephrine Rate, Heart Renal Replacement Therapy Respiratory Rate Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen Septicemia SKAP2 protein, human Solutions, Crystalloid Urine Vancomycin Vasoconstrictor Agents
2
National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Pathogens Report
The CLABSIs,7 CAUTIs,8 select VAEs,9 and SSIs10 that occurred between 2015–2017 and had been reported to the NHSN’s Patient Safety Component as of July 1, 2018, were included in this report. These HAIs were reported by acute-care hospitals, critical access hospitals, LTACHs, and IRFs from all US states and territories. Unless otherwise noted, CLABSI data included events classified as mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (MBI-LCBI). VAE data were limited to events classified as possible ventilator-associated pneumonia (PVAP) because this is the only subtype of VAE for which a pathogen can be reported. Asymptomatic bacteremic urinary tract infections, CLABSIs reported from IRFs, and outpatient SSIs were excluded.
The NHSN protocols provide guidance for attributing device-associated (DA) HAIs (ie, CLABSIs, CAUTIs, and PVAPs) to a CDC-defined location type, and SSIs to a CDC operative procedure code. Due to known differences in pathogens and resistance patterns between adult and pediatric populations,11 ,12 (link) this report was limited to DA HAIs attributed to adult location types, and to SSIs that occurred in patients ≥18 years old at the time of surgery. Comparable data from pediatric locations and patients are described in a companion report.13 (link)Unless otherwise noted, DA HAIs were stratified into 5 mutually exclusive location categories: hospital wards (inclusive of step-down, mixed acuity, and specialty care areas), hospital intensive care units (ICUs), hospital oncology units (ie, oncology ICUs and wards), LTACHs (ie, LTACH ICUs and wards), and IRFs (ie, freestanding IRFs and CMS-certified IRF units located within a hospital). SSI data were stratified into mutually exclusive surgical categories based on the operative procedure code. Pathogen distributions were also analyzed separately for each operative procedure code and are available in the online supplement.14 Up to 3 pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results can be reported to the NHSN for each HAI. The AST results for the drugs included in this analysis were reported using the interpretive categories of “susceptible” (S), “intermediate” (I), “resistant” (R), or “not tested.” Instead of “intermediate,” cefepime had the category interpretation of “intermediate/susceptible-dose dependent” (I/S-DD), which was treated as I for this analysis. Laboratories are expected to follow current guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for AST.15 Naming conventions for pathogens generally adhered to the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) Preferred Term.16 In some cases, pathogens were grouped by genus or clinically recognized group (eg, viridans group streptococci) (Appendices A2–A4 online). Results for Klebsiella spp were limited to K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca; K. aerogenes was considered part of Enterobacter spp due to the timing of the NHSN’s adoption of its name change.17 (link)Staphylococcus aureus was defined as methicillin-resistant (MRSA) if the isolate was reported as R to oxacillin, cefoxitin, or methicillin. Enterococcus spp isolates were defined as vancomycin-resistant (VRE) if they tested R to vancomycin. VRE data were analyzed for all HAIs except PVAP because Enterococcus spp are excluded from the NHSN’s PVAP surveillance definition under most scenarios. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) were defined as Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, or Enterobacter spp that tested R to imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, or ertapenem. All other pathogen-antimicrobial combinations (phenotypes) were described using a metric for nonsusceptibility, which included pathogens that tested I or R to the applicable drugs. To be defined as nonsusceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs), pathogens must have tested I or R to either ceftazidime or cefepime (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) or to ceftazidime, cefepime, ceftriaxone, or cefotaxime (Klebsiella spp and E. coli). For Enterobacter spp, evaluation of nonsusceptibility to ESCs was limited to cefepime due to Enterobacter’s inducible resistance to other ESCs. Fluoroquinolone nonsusceptibility was defined as a result of I or R to either ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin (P. aeruginosa) or to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, or moxifloxacin (E. coli). Carbapenem nonsusceptibility in P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp was defined as a result of I or R to imipenem, meropenem, or doripenem. Nonsusceptibility to aminoglycosides was defined as a result of I or R to gentamicin, amikacin, or tobramycin. Finally, multi-drug-resistance (MDR) was approximated by adapting previously established definitions18 (link) that require nonsusceptibility to at least 1 agent within 3 different drug classes. For Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa, 5 classes were considered in the criteria: ESCs (or cefepime for Enterobacter spp), fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and piperacillin (PIP) or piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPTAZ). A sixth class, ampicillin/sulbactam, was included in the criteria for Acinetobacter spp.
Data were analyzed using SAS version 9.4 software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). For all HAIs and pathogens, absolute frequencies and distributions were calculated by HAI, location, and surgical category. The 15 most commonly reported pathogens were identified, and their frequencies and ranks within each stratum were calculated. A pooled mean percentage nonsusceptible (%NS) was calculated for each phenotype as the sum of nonsusceptible (or resistant) pathogens, divided by the sum of pathogens tested for susceptibility, and multiplied by 100. Percentage NS was not calculated for any phenotype for which <20 pathogens were tested. Differences in the %NS across location types or surgical categories were assessed for statistical significance using a mid-P exact test, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. The percentage of pathogens with reported susceptibility results (referred to as “percentage tested”) is defined elsewhere3 (link) and was calculated for each bacterial phenotype, as well as for select Candida spp. Pathogens and susceptibility data for CLABSIs categorized as MBI-LCBI were analyzed separately and are presented in the online supplement.14 “Selective reporting” occurs when laboratories suppress AST results as part of antimicrobial stewardship efforts. This practice could contribute to a higher number of pathogens reported to the NHSN as “not tested” to certain drugs. To assess the impact of selective reporting on the national %NS, we applied an alternate calculation for CRE and ESC nonsusceptibility. If a pathogen was reported as “not tested” to carbapenems, susceptibility was inferred as S if the pathogen tested susceptible to at least 2 of the following: ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, PIPTAZ, cefazolin, cefoxitin, or cefotetan. If a pathogen was reported as “not tested” to ESCs, susceptibility was inferred as S if the pathogen tested susceptible to at least 2 of the following: ampicillin, aztreonam, or cefazolin. Therefore, the number of tested isolates increases under the alternate calculation. Percentage NS was calculated using both the traditional (ie, strictly as reported) and alternate approaches.
Statistical analyses were not performed to test for temporal changes in the %NS; thus, this report does not convey any conclusions regarding changes in resistance over time. Due to differences in the stratification levels, inclusion criteria, and patient populations, the %NS values in this report should not be compared to those published in previous iterations of this report.
Weiner-Lastinger L.M., Abner S., Edwards J.R., Kallen A.J., Karlsson M., Magill S.S., Pollock D., See I., Soe M.M., Walters M.S, & Dudeck M.A. (2019). Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with adult healthcare-associated infections: Summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2015–2017. Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 41(1), 1-18.
Publication 2019
Acinetobacter Adult Amikacin Aminoglycosides Amox clav Ampicillin ampicillin-sulbactam Antimicrobial Stewardship Asymptomatic Infections Aztreonam Bacteremia Bacteria Blood Circulation Candida Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Carbapenems Cefazolin Cefepime Cefotaxime Cefotetan Cefoxitin Ceftazidime Ceftriaxone Cephalosporins Ciprofloxacin Clinical Laboratory Services Conferences Dietary Supplements Doripenem Enterobacter Enterobacteriaceae Enterococcus Ertapenem Escherichia coli Fluoroquinolones Gentamicin Imipenem Injuries Klebsiella Klebsiella oxytoca Klebsiella pneumoniae Laboratory Infection Lanugo Levofloxacin Medical Devices Meropenem Methicillin Methicillin-Resistant Microbicides Moxifloxacin Mucous Membrane Multi-Drug Resistance Neoplasms Operative Surgical Procedures Outpatients Oxacillin pathogenesis Patients Patient Safety Pets Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenotype Piperacillin Piperacillin-Tazobactam Combination Product Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated polyvinylacetate phthalate polymer Population Group Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sepsis Staphylococcus aureus Infection Streptococcus viridans Substance Abuse Detection Susceptibility, Disease Tobramycin Urinary Tract Vancomycin Vancomycin Resistance Wound Infection
3
Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus suis Strains

S. suis strain P1/7 was isolated from an ante-mortem blood culture from a pig dying with meningitis [9] , and is ST1 by MLST [10] (link). S. suis strain BM407 is also ST1, and was isolated from CSF from a human case of meningitis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2004 [3] (link). S. suis strain SC84 is ST7, which is closely related to ST1, and was isolated from a case of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome in Sichuan Province, China in 2005 [8] (link). Strain P1/7 is resistant to gentamycin, streptomycin, neomycin, nalidixic acid, and sulfamethoxazole, and sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, cephalotin, erythromycin, tulathromycin, clarythromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, pirlimicin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfa, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. Strain BM407 is resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, erythromycin, azithromycin and chloramphenicol and susceptible to penicillin, ceftriaxone and vancomycin. Strain SC84 is resistant to tetracycline, and susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, meropenem, levofloxacin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, and vancomycin [11] (link).
Bacteria were cultured in Todd-Hewitt-broth at 37°C for 18 h and pelleted at 10,000×g. The cells were resuspended in 30 ml of lysis solution (10 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris HCl pH 8, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5% SDS) and incubated at 50°C overnight. Three ml of 5 M sodium perchlorate was added and incubated for 1 h at ambient temperature. After phenol chloroform extraction the DNA was precipitated with ethanol, spooled into deionised water and stored at −20°C. DNA was also extracted using a genomic DNA extraction kit (G-500, Qiagen).
Holden M.T., Hauser H., Sanders M., Ngo T.H., Cherevach I., Cronin A., Goodhead I., Mungall K., Quail M.A., Price C., Rabbinowitsch E., Sharp S., Croucher N.J., Chieu T.B., Thi Hoang Mai N., Diep T.S., Chinh N.T., Kehoe M., Leigh J.A., Ward P.N., Dowson C.G., Whatmore A.M., Chanter N., Iversen P., Gottschalk M., Slater J.D., Smith H.E., Spratt B.G., Xu J., Ye C., Bentley S., Barrell B.G., Schultsz C., Maskell D.J, & Parkhill J. (2009). Rapid Evolution of Virulence and Drug Resistance in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis. PLoS ONE, 4(7), e6072.
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Publication 2009
Ampicillin Azithromycin Bacteria Blood Culture Cefepime Cefotaxime Ceftriaxone Cells Cephalothin Chloramphenicol Chloroform Ciprofloxacin Clarithromycin Clindamycin Edetic Acid Erythromycin Ethanol Genome Gentamicin Homo sapiens Levofloxacin Lincomycin Meningitis Meropenem Nalidixic Acid Neomycin Penicillins Phenol Sodium Chloride sodium perchlorate Strains Streptococcus Streptomycin Sulfamethoxazole Tetracycline Toxic Shock Syndrome Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination Trimethoprimsulfa Tromethamine tulathromycin Vancomycin
4
Surveillance of E. coli Bacteraemia Resistance
A total of 1522 E. coli isolates were initially included in the study. Of these, 1098 were from the BSAC Bacteraemia Resistance Surveillance Programme (www.bsacsurv.org) (Reynolds et al. 2008 ) between 2001 and 2011 (Supplemental Table S2). Up to 10 isolates (when available) were obtained for each year from 11 contributing laboratories distributed across England. The 11 centers were selected in order to provide geographical and temporal diversity. A further 424 isolates were sourced from the diagnostic laboratory at the CUH. Using the laboratory database, we selected every third isolate associated with bacteremia that had been stored in the −80°C freezer archive between 2006 and 2012. Thirteen isolates were subsequently excluded (four CUH isolates and nine BSAC isolates) based on the low quality of sequence data or species misidentification, giving a final sample size of 1509 isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Vitek2 instrument with the N206 card (bioMerieux) for isolates from the CUH and using the agar dilution method for the BSAC collection (Andrews 2001 (link)). For the purposes of this analysis, we combined phenotypic antibiotic-resistance data from BSAC and CUH and grouped together the intermediate and resistant isolates in the analyses to represent the nonsusceptible part of the population. Since the isolates from the BSAC and CUH have been tested against different antibiotic combinations, we have antibiotic resistance data from 2001–2011 for amoxicillin and imipenem; from 2006–2012 for amikacin, tobramycin, ampicillin, ertapenem, meropenem, aztreoman, cefalotin, cefoxitin, cefepime, and trimethoprim; and throughout the study period (2001–2012) for gentamicin, tigecycline, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and piperacillin-tazobactam.
The National Research Ethics Service (ref. 12/EE/0439) and the CUH Research and Development (R&D) Department approved the study protocol.
Kallonen T., Brodrick H.J., Harris S.R., Corander J., Brown N.M., Martin V., Peacock S.J, & Parkhill J. (2017). Systematic longitudinal survey of invasive Escherichia coli in England demonstrates a stable population structure only transiently disturbed by the emergence of ST131. Genome Research, 27(8), 1437-1449.
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Publication 2017
Agar Amikacin Amox clav Amoxicillin Ampicillin Antibiotic Resistance, Microbial Antibiotics Bacteremia Cefepime Cefotaxime Cefoxitin Ceftazidime Cefuroxime Cephalothin Ciprofloxacin Diagnosis Ertapenem Escherichia coli Gentamicin Imipenem Meropenem Microbicides Phenotype Piperacillin-Tazobactam Combination Product Susceptibility, Disease Technique, Dilution Tigecycline Tobramycin Trimethoprim
5
Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Protocol
Vector constructs used were transformed into the Agrobacterium strain AGL2. For co-cultivation, Agrobacterium at log phase was pelleted and resuspended in MS supplemented with 100 μM of acetosyringone to OD600 of 0.4–0.6. The explants were incubated with the Agrobacterium suspension for 30 min with occasional gentle shaking and then placed on CCM (0.25 mg/L 2,4-D + 100 μM acetosyringone) at 22 °C for 3 days in the dark. Following co-cultivation, the explants were washed twice with sterile deionized H2O and once in MS media supplemented with 300 mg/L cefotaxime by vigorous shaking before soaking in MS media with cefotaxime for another 20 min. The washed explants were placed on CIM (1 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L IAA + 125 mg/L cefotaxime + 50 mg/L kanamycin) for the next 3–4 weeks at 25 °C in the dark for callus induction. The calli were screened under a fluorescence stereomicroscope Leica MZ 10F equipped with a FITC/GFP filter and illuminated by mercury metal halide lamp. Autofluorescence from chlorophyll was not filtered out. Images were captured using a Nikon DXM 1200F camera. Calli showing GFP spots were transferred to SIM (2 mg/L BA + 0.25 mg/L IAA + 125 mg/L cefotaxime + 50 mg/L kanamycin) and subcultured every 3–4 weeks. Regenerated shoots from calli emitting GFP signals were transferred onto RM supplemented with 125 mg/L of cefotaxime. Only shoots on kanamycin containing media with GFP signal present throughout the plant were selected for rooting. Transformation efficiency of this protocol was tested using Agrobacterium harboring pK7WG2D in triplicates on 200 pieces of explants. Regenerated transgenic plants with roots formed after approximately 4 weeks on RM were multiplied by cutting the terminal shoot and propagating the lateral shoots. Lines where GFP signals could be detected from leaves of all individuals would then be transferred onto soil in growing trays and covered with a transparent plastic dome for 1 week for hardening.
Zheng J., Zhuang Y., Mao H.Z, & Jang I.C. (2019). Overexpression of SrDXS1 and SrKAH enhances steviol glycosides content in transgenic Stevia plants. BMC Plant Biology, 19, 1.
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Publication 2019
acetosyringone Agrobacterium Callosities Cefotaxime Chlorophyll Cloning Vectors Exanthema Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescence Kanamycin Mercury Plant Roots Plants Plants, Transgenic Sterility, Reproductive

Most recents protocols related to «Cefotaxime»

1
Perianal Screening for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
All patients routinely received perianal screening for CRE within 48 hours of each hospital admission. In addition, some patients received perianal bacterial culture tests when they were suspected of infection by a competent physician during hospitalization. Perianal skin and throat swab samples were collected and submitted for examination by specially trained medical staff. Bacterial culture, identification and drug sensitivity test were conducted by special technicians in the microbiology laboratory, and the target bacteria were CRE. All CRE strains were isolated from perianal skin swabs and blood samples. Blood culture was performed using an automatic blood culture system (BD, USA). The isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out strictly following the relevant provisions of the National Clinical Laboratory Procedures. VITEK 2 compact (bioMérieux, France) was used to identify the isolates and MALDI-TOF MS (bioMérieux, France) was used for further confirmation. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed in the microbiology laboratory of the hospital using an automated system (VITEK 2 Compact) with the broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. The following antibiotics were tested: penicillins (ticarcillin, piperacillin), β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam), cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefpodoxime, ceftizoxime), quinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin), carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem), aminoglycosides (amikacin, tobramycin), tetracyclines (tetracycline, minocycline), aztreonam, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tigecycline. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured according to the guidelines of the 31st Edition of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M100-Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.14 The detection of carbapenemases in CRE according to the modified carbapenem inactivation assay (mCIM and eCIM) provided by the CLSI 31th Edition.
Liu J., Zhang H., Feng D., Wang J., Wang M., Shen B., Cao Y., Zhang X., Lin Q., Zhang F., Zheng Y., Xiao Z., Zhu X., Zhang L., Wang J., Pang A., Han M., Feng S, & Jiang E. (2023). Development of a Risk Prediction Model of Subsequent Bloodstream Infection After Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Perianal Swabs in Hematological Patients. Infection and Drug Resistance, 16, 1297-1312.
Publication 2023
Amikacin Aminoglycosides Amox clav Antibiotics Aztreonam Bacteria beta-Lactamase Inhibitors Biological Assay Blood Blood Culture carbapenemase Carbapenems Cefazolin Cefepime Cefoperazone Cefotaxime Cefotetan cefpodoxime Ceftazidime Ceftizoxime Cefuroxime Cephalosporins Ciprofloxacin Clinical Laboratory Services Clinical Laboratory Techniques Diffusion Doripenem Hemic System Hospitalization Hypersensitivity Imipenem Infection isolation Levofloxacin Medical Staff Meropenem Microbicides Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Minocycline Moxifloxacin Norfloxacin Patients Penicillins Pharynx Physicians Piperacillin Piperacillin-Tazobactam Combination Product Quinolones Skin Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Strains Substance Abuse Detection Sulbactam Susceptibility, Disease Tetracycline Tetracyclines Ticarcillin Tigecycline Tobramycin Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination
2
Nationwide Antimicrobial Resistance Trends
Positive blood cultures were identified in the database and the sample date, age, sex and microbiological findings were retrieved. For species with clinically used names that were changed during the study period (such as Cutibacterium acnes previously called Propionibacterium acnes) we have consistently aimed to use the valid names as of 2022 according to the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes [12 (link)]. Antimicrobial susceptibility was described for Enterobacterales only, for fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime) and aminoglycosides (gentamicin). Due to a database update in 2010, susceptibility data were available from 2011 to 2019 only. In addition, zone diameters were incomplete in > 50% of records. Therefore, clinical classification into susceptible (S), increased exposure (I) and resistant (R) was used to describe susceptibility, using breakpoints as per the original microbiology reports [13 (link)]. For cases with zone data, susceptibility testing according to the 2022 EUCAST breakpoints was compared with the original SIR classification in a sensitivity analysis [11 ]. Negative blood cultures were retrieved on an aggregate level (only the total number of blood culture sets per year was available). Population data were retrieved from Statistics Sweden [14 ].
Ljungquist O., Blomstergren A., Merkel A., Sunnerhagen T., Holm K, & Torisson G. (2023). Incidence, aetiology and temporal trend of bloodstream infections in southern Sweden from 2006 to 2019: a population-based study. Eurosurveillance, 28(10), 2200519.
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Publication 2023
Aminoglycosides Blood Culture Cefotaxime Cephalosporins Ciprofloxacin Fluoroquinolones Gentamicin Hypersensitivity Microbicides Prokaryotic Cells Propionibacterium acnes Susceptibility, Disease
3
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Aeromonas
AST was performed by the broth microdilution method using the VITEK 2 Compact System (BioMerieux, Lyon, France). The antimicrobial agents tested included piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), cefoxitin (FOX), cefuroxime (CXM), ceftazidime (CAZ), cefotaxime (CTX), cefepime (FEP), imipenem (IPM), meropenem (MPN), amikacin (AMK), gentamicin (GEN), ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV), tetracycline (TE), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (STX), chloramphenicol (C), and aztreonam (ATM), The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were interpreted according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for Aeromonas spp. (Institute, 2015 ) E.coli ATCC25922 was used as the quality-control strain. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories (Magiorakos et al., 2012 (link)).
Song Y., Wang L.F., Zhou K., Liu S., Guo L., Ye L.Y., Gu J., Cheng Y, & Shen D.X. (2023). Epidemiological characteristics, virulence potential, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and phylogenetic analysis of Aeromonas caviae isolated from extra-intestinal infections. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13, 1084352.
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Publication 2023
Aeromonas Amikacin Aztreonam Cefepime Cefotaxime Cefoxitin Ceftazidime Cefuroxime Chloramphenicol Ciprofloxacin Clinical Laboratory Services Escherichia coli Gentamicin Imipenem Levofloxacin Meropenem Microbicides Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Multi-Drug Resistance Piperacillin-Tazobactam Combination Product Strains Susceptibility, Disease Tetracycline Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination
4
Steady-state kinetics of β-lactam hydrolysis
Steady-state kinetic experiments were performed following the hydrolysis of the β-lactams at 25 °C in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.5) plus 100 μM ZnCl2. The data of the real-time absorbances of meropenem (298 nm), imipenem (297 nm), ceftazidime (257 nm), aztreonam (318 nm), cefotaxime (264 nm), cefepime (254 nm), piperacillin (232 nm), ceftriaxone (240 nm), and ampicillin (235 nm) were collected with a SHIMADZU UV2550 spectrophotometer (Kyoto, Japan). Kinetic parameters were determined under initial-rate conditions using the GraphPad Prism 8.1 software to generate Michaelis–Menten curves or by analyzing the complete hydrolysis time courses [9 (link)].
Ma W., Zhu B., Wang W., Wang Q., Cui X., Wang Y., Dong X., Li X., Ma J., Cheng F., Shi X., Chen L., Niu S, & Hao M. (2023). Genetic and enzymatic characterization of two novel blaNDM-36, -37 variants in Escherichia coli strains. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 42(4), 471-480.
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Publication 2023
Ampicillin Aztreonam Cefepime Cefotaxime Ceftazidime Ceftriaxone HEPES Hydrolysis Imipenem Kinetics Lactams Meropenem Piperacillin prisma
5
Klebsiella pneumoniae Antibiotic Susceptibility
In this study, we collected 5442 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae from the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University of China from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2022. After removing 895 duplicate strains from the same patient, the remaining 4547 strains of KP (4547 patients) were used for research and analysis. Blood (8–10 mL), cerebrospinal fluid (1 mL), pleural fluid (1 mL), and aspirate (1 mL) were cultured in a liquid medium (Becton Dickinson and Company/FX-200, MD, USA). Urine (1 μL) and other clinical samples were streaked onto Columbia blood and MacConkey agar plates (Jinan Baibo Biological) and incubated for 24 h at 35 °C. Species identification and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility were performed using the BD-Phoenix 100 system (Becton, Dickinson and Company, New Jersey, USA).
Susceptibility experiments were performed using the micro broth dilution method, and prior to testing, the strains were prepared as bacterial suspensions at a concentration of 0.5, McFarland standard. Following this, 25 μL of the bacterial suspension and 45 μL of the indicator were added to the broth and mixed thoroughly within 15 min of preparation of the bacterial suspension. The remaining bacterial suspension was added to the raw chemical well reaction area, the solution in the broth tube was added to the drug sensitivity reaction area, sealed with a cap, placed into the BD automatic drug sensitivity identification instrument, and incubated at 35 °C for 24 h.
CLSI - M100 ED30 breakpoints were used for the determination of drug sensitivity. An MIC ≥4 mg/L of imipenem or meropenem against KP was defined as CRKP, and an MIC ≥2 mg/L of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, or aztreonam against KP was defined as extended-spectrum β-lactamase- KP (ESBL-KP). KP QC strain ATCC700603 and Escherichia coli QC strain ATCC25922 were used. Supplementary Table 1 lists the classification, pharmacology, and mechanism of action of antibiotics used in this study.
Wang N., Zhan M., Wang T., Liu J., Li C., Li B., Han X., Li H., Liu S., Cao J., Zhong X., Lei C., Zhang W, & Zhang Z. (2023). Long Term Characteristics of Clinical Distribution and Resistance Trends of Carbapenem-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections: 2014–2022. Infection and Drug Resistance, 16, 1279-1295.
Publication 2023
Agar Antibiotics, Antitubercular Aztreonam Bacteria beta-Lactamase Biopharmaceuticals Blood Cefotaxime Ceftazidime Ceftriaxone Cerebrospinal Fluid Culture Media Drug Kinetics Drug Reaction, Adverse Escherichia coli Hypersensitivity Imipenem Klebsiella pneumoniae Meropenem Microbicides Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pleura Strains Susceptibility, Disease Technique, Dilution Urine

Top products related to «Cefotaxime»

1
Cefotaxime by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Belgium
Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
2
Cefotaxime by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Italy, Denmark
Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It functions as a bactericidal agent by inhibiting cell wall synthesis in susceptible bacteria.
3
Etest by bioMérieux
Sourced in France, Sweden, United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark, Italy, Australia, Spain, Switzerland, Japan
Etest is a quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) method developed by bioMérieux. It provides minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for specific antimicrobial agents. Etest utilizes a predefined antimicrobial gradient on a plastic strip to determine the MIC of a tested microorganism.
4
Mueller hinton agar (mha) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Italy, Germany, France, India, Spain, China
Mueller-Hinton agar is a microbiological growth medium used for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria. It is a standardized agar formulation that supports the growth of a wide range of bacteria and allows for the consistent evaluation of their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents.
5
Ciprofloxacin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Ireland, India
Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic antibiotic that belongs to the fluoroquinolone class. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
6
Ampicillin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, China, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Australia
Ampicillin is an antibiotic that is commonly used in microbiology and molecular biology laboratories. It is a broad-spectrum penicillin-type antibiotic that inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, effectively killing or preventing the growth of susceptible bacteria.
7
Gentamicin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, China, Ireland, Israel, Sweden, Austria, Australia, Japan, India, Argentina, Denmark, Netherlands, Macao, Brazil, Portugal, Panama
Gentamicin is a laboratory reagent used for the detection and quantification of the antibiotic gentamicin in biological samples. It is a commonly used tool in research and clinical settings.
8
Ceftazidime by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Italy
Ceftazidime is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used in the laboratory setting. It is a bactericidal agent that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.
9
Vitek 2 system by bioMérieux
Sourced in France, United States, Germany, Italy, Macao, United Kingdom, Sweden, Belgium, India, Japan, Brazil
The Vitek 2 system is an automated microbiology platform designed for the rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of microorganisms. The system utilizes miniaturized biochemical testing to provide accurate results for a wide range of bacterial and yeast species.
10
Cefotaxime by HiMedia
Sourced in India
Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.

More about "Cefotaxime"

Cefotaxime, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, is a powerful weapon in the fight against a wide range of bacterial infections.
This broad-spectrum agent is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including many strains that have developed resistance to older cephalosporins.
The mechanism of action of Cefotaxime involves inhibiting cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell death.
Cefotaxime is commonly used to treat serious infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, and urinary tract infections.
It is administered intravenously or intramuscularly and is generally well-tolerated, although side effects like gastrointestinal distress, allergic reactions, and disulfiram-like reactions with alcohol consumption may occur.
Proper dosage and duration of treatment are crucial to ensure efficacy and prevent the emergence of resistant strains.
The Etest, a gradient diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method, can be used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cefotaxime and other antibiotics against bacterial isolates.
This information helps guide clinicians in selecting the most appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Mueller-Hinton agar is a commonly used medium for performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing, including for Cefotaxime.
Other antibiotics, such as Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin, Gentamicin, and Ceftazidime, may be used in combination with or as alternatives to Cefotaxime, depending on the specific infection and the susceptibility profile of the causative bacteria.
The Vitek 2 system, an automated microbiology platform, can be utilized for rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates, including those from Cefotaxime-treated patients.
By understanding the properties, uses, and synergies of Cefotaxime and related antimicrobial agents, clinicians can optimize treatment strategies and combat the ongoing challenge of antibiotic resistance.
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