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Norfloxacin

Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.
It works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase, preventing DNA replication and transcription.
Norfloxacin is efective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus.
It is commonly prescribed for urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and skin/soft tissue infections.
Norfloxacin is generally well-tolerated, but may cause side effects like nausea, diarrhea, and photosensitivity.
Expereinced clinicians should carefully consider the risks and benefits when prescribing this medication.

Most cited protocols related to «Norfloxacin»

1
Fluorescence-Based Efflux Assays for Acinetobacter
Cited 7 times
The H33342 bis-benzamide assay was carried out as described by Coldham et al.,26 (link) with the following modifications; strains were grown to an OD at 600 nm of 0.6 and, once resuspended in PBS at room temperature, were adjusted to an OD at 600 nm of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 or 0.5. Centrifugation steps were carried out at 2200 g. The wells of a black microtitre tray (Corning, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) were inoculated with either 180 μL of cell suspension or 176 μL of cell suspension with 4 μL of the EI carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) or phenylalanine-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) at the required concentration (see the Results section). Fluorescence was measured and data were analysed as previously described.26 (link) The level at which maximum fluorescence was reached and remained unchanged within the time period of the assay was taken as the steady-state accumulation level. In order to quantitatively compare the efflux rate of the strains, the time needed for a 4-fold increase in dye fluorescence after H33342 injection was calculated. Each assay was repeated three times with three biological replicates. Differences in accumulation between clinical isolates and AYE were analysed for statistical significance using Student's t-test; a P value ≤0.05 was considered significant.
Ethidium bromide assays were carried out essentially as the H33342 accumulation assays described above, except that cultures were resuspended in 1 M sodium phosphate buffer with 5% glucose. A 1 mM ethidium bromide stock solution was prepared and 20 μL was injected to give a final concentration of 0.1 mM in the assay. Fluorescence was measured over 117 min at excitation and emission wavelengths of 530 nm and 600 nm, respectively, in a FLUOstar Optima. Norfloxacin assays were carried out as previously by Mortimer and Piddock.31 (link)
Richmond G.E., Chua K.L, & Piddock L.J. (2013). Efflux in Acinetobacter baumannii can be determined by measuring accumulation of H33342 (bis-benzamide). Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 68(7), 1594-1600.
Publication 2013
Arginine benzamide Biological Assay Biopharmaceuticals Buffers Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone Cells Centrifugation Ethidium Bromide Fluorescence Fluorescent Dyes Glucose HOE 33342 Norfloxacin Phenylalanine sodium phosphate Strains
2
Transposon library construction and screening
Cited 7 times
Library construction was done as described (van Opijnen et al. 2009 (link); van Opijnen and Camilli 2010 ). Note that the magellan6 minitransposon we designed lacks transcriptional terminators, therefore allowing for read-through transcription, which explains why no relevant polar effects were observed by examining fitness of downstream genes (Supplemental Table S1). Additionally, the minitransposon contains stop codons in all three frames in either orientation when inserted into a coding sequence. In vitro selection experiments were done with six independently generated libraries each with a size of ∼8000 transposon insertion mutants covering 88% of nonessential genes. Growth conditions where the carbon source was varied consisted of semi-defined minimal media (SDMM) at pH 7.3 supplemented with 10 mM of one of the following carbon sources: glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNac), sialic acid, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, or raffinose. Stress conditions consisted of SDMM with 10 mM glucose at pH 7.3 and one of the following stresses: Metal stress, 0.5 mM of 2,2′-Bipyridyl (Sigma-Aldrich); DNA damage, Methyl methanesulfonate 0.015% (MMS, Fluka); hydrogen peroxide exposure, H2O2 4.5 mM (Sigma-Aldrich); acidic pH stress, pH6; temperature stress, growth at 30°C; antibiotic exposure, norfloxacin 1.5 μg/mL (Sigma-Aldrich); and DNA transformation.
Nasopharynx colonization experiments were done in 17 mice with eight independently generated libraries each with a size of ∼4000 mutants, while lung infection experiments were done in 20 mice with six libraries each with a size of ∼30,000 mutants. Because of differences in the bacterial load, 105–106 colony forming units (cfu) for nasopharynx and 107–108 cfu for lung, smaller libraries were used for the nasopharynx in order to minimize the stochastic loss of mutants. Mice were euthanized after 24 h for lung infection, followed by removal and homogenization of the lungs, and 48 h for nasopharynx colonization, followed by flushing of the nasopharynx with 500 μL of PBS.
van Opijnen T, & Camilli A. (2012). A fine scale phenotype–genotype virulence map of a bacterial pathogen. Genome Research, 22(12), 2541-2551.
Publication 2012
Acetylglucosamine Acids Antibiotics Bipyridyl Carbon Carbon-10 Cellobiose Codon, Terminator DNA Damage DNA Library Fructose Galactose Genes Genetic Fitness Glucose Growth Disorders Infection Jumping Genes Lung Maltose Mannose Metals Methyl Methanesulfonate Mus N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Nasopharynx Norfloxacin Open Reading Frames Peroxide, Hydrogen Raffinose Reading Frames Stress Disorders, Traumatic Sucrose Transcription, Genetic
3
Antibiotic Resistance in E. coli
Cited 7 times

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Publication 2010
Ampicillin Antibiotics Antibiotics, Antitubercular Biological Evolution Cells Chloramphenicol Escherichia coli Kanamycin Mutation Norfloxacin Pharmaceutical Preparations Tetracycline
4
Prophylactic Antiviral and Antifungal Regimen
Cited 6 times
Oral sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin were given to all patients. Acyclovir was given daily from the beginning of conditioning therapy to engraftment, and it was then administered daily for 7 days every 2 weeks until 1 year after transplantation. Ganciclovir was given for 2 weeks before transplantation for prophylaxis of CMV infections, and was administered once again when CMV viremia occurred. Antifungal agents were administered 5 days before transplantation. Fluconazole (0.3 g/day) or itraconazole (0.4 g/kg.d) was used for up to +60 days post-transplantation in patients with no history of invasive fungal infection (IFI); those with a history of IFI received itraconazole (0.4 g/day), voriconazole (0.4 g/day), caspofungin (50 mg/day) or Am-Bisome (2 mg/kg.day) intravenously. Oral itraconazole or voriconazole was started when the peripheral white blood cell count exceeded 2.0 × 109/L and was discontinued after 90 days post-transplantation.
Xuan L., Huang F., Fan Z., Zhou H., Zhang X., Yu G., Zhang Y., Liu C., Sun J, & Liu Q. (2012). Effects of intensified conditioning on Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies. Journal of Hematology & Oncology, 5, 46.
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Publication 2012
Acyclovir Antifungal Agents Behavior Therapy Caspofungin Cytomegalovirus Infections Fluconazole Ganciclovir Infection Invasive Fungal Infections Itraconazole Leukocyte Count Norfloxacin Patients Sulfamethoxazole Transplantation Viremia Voriconazole
5
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of UPEC Strains
Cited 5 times
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as determined by the MHB microdilution method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 500 UPEC clinical strains according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2016 ). MDR strains were defined as having acquired no susceptibility to at least one antibiotic in three or more classes. XDR strains were defined as having non-susceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antibiotic classes (Magiorakos et al., 2012 (link)). The MIC for each antibiotic was compared to the standard values of the CLSI. The antibiotic panel that was used included ampicillin (AM; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC; Great West Road, Brentford Middlesex, UK), ticarcillin-clavulanate (TIM; Gold Biotechnology, Inc., Ashby Road, St. Louis, MO), piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP; Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Valley Stream Parkway, Malvern, PA, USA), cephalothin (CF; Eli Lilly and Company, S Harding St, Indianapolis, IN, USA), cefaclor (CEC; Phadia Laboratory Systems, Thermo Scientific, Wyman Street, Waltham, MA, USA), ceftazidime (CAZ; Roselle Rd, Schaumburg, IL, USA), aztreonam (ATM; Bristol-Myers Squibb Corporate, Park Avenue, NY, USA), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFX; MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH, USA), meropenem (MEM), imipenem (IPM; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington, DE, USA), gentamycin (GM; Schering-Plough Pharmaceuticals, Kenilworth, NJ, USA), ceftriaxone (CRO), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT; Roche, Basel, Switzerland), tetracycline (TE; Heritage Pharmaceuticals Inc., Fieldcrest Avenue, Edison, NJ, USA), and nitrofurantoin (F/M; McKesson Pharmaceutical, One Post Street, San Francisco, CA, USA). E. coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were used as controls.
The extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were phenotypically detected as previously recommended by CLSI using the double-disc synergy test based on the synergistic effect between clavulanic acid (inhibitor of ESBLs) and β-lactam antibiotics (cefotaxime, CRO, CAZ, cefepime, cefpirome, and ATM). Additionally, ESBLs were detected using an individual disk that was tested with/without clavulanic acid (10 μg/mL) and by the Hodge test using Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 (ESBL+) and E. coli ATCC 25922 (ESBL-) as control strains (CLSI, 2016 ).
Ochoa S.A., Cruz-Córdova A., Luna-Pineda V.M., Reyes-Grajeda J.P., Cázares-Domínguez V., Escalona G., Sepúlveda-González M.E., López-Montiel F., Arellano-Galindo J., López-Martínez B., Parra-Ortega I., Giono-Cerezo S., Hernández-Castro R., de la Rosa-Zamboni D, & Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. (2016). Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Clinical Strains: Phylogenetic Groups Widely Associated with Integrons Maintain High Genetic Diversity. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 2042.
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Publication 2016
Amox clav Ampicillin Antibiotics Aztreonam beta-Lactamase beta-Lactamase Inhibitors Cefaclor Cefepime Cefotaxime cefpirome Ceftriaxone Cephalothin Clavulanate Clavulanic Acid Clinical Laboratory Services Escherichia coli Gentamicin Gold Hibiscus sabdariffa Imipenem Klebsiella pneumoniae Meropenem Microbicides Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Monobactams Nitrofurantoin Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Pharmaceutical Preparations Piperacillin-Tazobactam Combination Product Pseudomonas aeruginosa Solon Strains Susceptibility, Disease Tetracycline Ticarcillin Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination

Most recents protocols related to «Norfloxacin»

1
Perianal Screening for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
All patients routinely received perianal screening for CRE within 48 hours of each hospital admission. In addition, some patients received perianal bacterial culture tests when they were suspected of infection by a competent physician during hospitalization. Perianal skin and throat swab samples were collected and submitted for examination by specially trained medical staff. Bacterial culture, identification and drug sensitivity test were conducted by special technicians in the microbiology laboratory, and the target bacteria were CRE. All CRE strains were isolated from perianal skin swabs and blood samples. Blood culture was performed using an automatic blood culture system (BD, USA). The isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out strictly following the relevant provisions of the National Clinical Laboratory Procedures. VITEK 2 compact (bioMérieux, France) was used to identify the isolates and MALDI-TOF MS (bioMérieux, France) was used for further confirmation. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed in the microbiology laboratory of the hospital using an automated system (VITEK 2 Compact) with the broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. The following antibiotics were tested: penicillins (ticarcillin, piperacillin), β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam), cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefpodoxime, ceftizoxime), quinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin), carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem), aminoglycosides (amikacin, tobramycin), tetracyclines (tetracycline, minocycline), aztreonam, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tigecycline. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured according to the guidelines of the 31st Edition of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M100-Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.14 The detection of carbapenemases in CRE according to the modified carbapenem inactivation assay (mCIM and eCIM) provided by the CLSI 31th Edition.
Liu J., Zhang H., Feng D., Wang J., Wang M., Shen B., Cao Y., Zhang X., Lin Q., Zhang F., Zheng Y., Xiao Z., Zhu X., Zhang L., Wang J., Pang A., Han M., Feng S, & Jiang E. (2023). Development of a Risk Prediction Model of Subsequent Bloodstream Infection After Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Perianal Swabs in Hematological Patients. Infection and Drug Resistance, 16, 1297-1312.
Publication 2023
Amikacin Aminoglycosides Amox clav Antibiotics Aztreonam Bacteria beta-Lactamase Inhibitors Biological Assay Blood Blood Culture carbapenemase Carbapenems Cefazolin Cefepime Cefoperazone Cefotaxime Cefotetan cefpodoxime Ceftazidime Ceftizoxime Cefuroxime Cephalosporins Ciprofloxacin Clinical Laboratory Services Clinical Laboratory Techniques Diffusion Doripenem Hemic System Hospitalization Hypersensitivity Imipenem Infection isolation Levofloxacin Medical Staff Meropenem Microbicides Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Minocycline Moxifloxacin Norfloxacin Patients Penicillins Pharynx Physicians Piperacillin Piperacillin-Tazobactam Combination Product Quinolones Skin Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Strains Substance Abuse Detection Sulbactam Susceptibility, Disease Tetracycline Tetracyclines Ticarcillin Tigecycline Tobramycin Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination
2
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of S. aureus
The MICs of S. aureus to a variety of antibiotics were determined in Mueller-Hinton Broth medium as described previously (Borrero et al., 2014 (link)). For the determination of time-dependent bactericidal curves, overnight culture was diluted into fresh TSB medium at a ratio of 1:100 and incubated at 37°C and 220 rpm until OD600 reached 1.0. The MICs of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and garenoxacin were 0.32, 0.25, 0.48, 0.19, 0.125, and 0.03 μg/ml, respectively. Thiourea (150 mM) was added when the strains grew to OD600 0.6. Samples were taken out at certain time points, diluted 10-fold, and colonies counted by dropping plate.
Fu T., Fan Z., Li Y., Li Z., Du B., Liu S., Cui X., Zhang R., Zhao H., Feng Y., Xue G., Cui J., Yan C., Gan L., Feng J., Xu Z., Yu Z., Tian Z., Ding Z., Chen J., Chen Y, & Yuan J. (2023). ArcR contributes to tolerance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics by regulating katA in Staphylococcus aureus. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1106340.
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Publication 2023
Antibiotics, Antitubercular Ciprofloxacin garenoxacin Levofloxacin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Moxifloxacin Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Strains Thiourea
3
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocol
In this study, two antioxidants (Sigma-Aldrich) were used individually (nicotinamide and ascorbic acid) and eight antibiotics (Sigma-Aldrich) were used (chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, linezolid, norfloxacin, oxacillin, rifampicin, tetracycline and vancomycin).
A 1000 µg ml−1 stock concentration was prepared for each antibiotic, as mentioned in Andrews [9 ]. Antioxidants were prepared as needed in stocks of 20 and 500 mg ml−1 for ascorbic acid and nicotinamide, respectively. Agents were dissolved according to the conditions listed in Table 1.
AlSaleh A., Shahid M., Farid E., Kamal N, & Bindayna K. (2023). Synergistic antimicrobial effect of ascorbic acid and nicotinamide with rifampicin and vancomycin against SCCmec type IV methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Access Microbiology, 5(2), 000475.v4.
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Publication 2023
Antibiotics Antibiotics, Antitubercular Antioxidants Ascorbic Acid Chloramphenicol Ciprofloxacin Linezolid Niacinamide Norfloxacin Oxacillin Rifampin Tetracycline Vancomycin
4
MRSA Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
Antibiotic susceptibility testing of MRSA isolates were investigated by disk diffusion test on MHA medium according to the CLSI instructions [12] . The following antibiotic disks (Mast, UK) were used: azithromycin (15 µg), norfloxacin (10 µg), erythromycin (15 µg), rifampin (5 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), and clindamycin (2 µg).
Al-Mosawi R.M., Jasim H.A, & Haddad A. (2023). Study of the antibacterial effects of the starch-based zinc oxide nanoparticles on methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different clinical specimens of patients from Basrah, Iraq. AIMS Microbiology, 9(1), 90-107.
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Publication 2023
Antibiotics Azithromycin Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Diffusion Erythromycin Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Norfloxacin Rifampin Susceptibility, Disease Tetracycline
5
Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles During COVID-19
The antimicrobial resistance profiles were provided by Phoenix BD automated system (Becton Dickinson Franklin Lakes, NJ, EUA); according to manufacturing protocols, each panel was standardized for Gram-positive and Gram-negative AST profiles comprehending the list below:
Aminoglycoside: Amikacin (AMK), Gentamicin (GEN), Synergism Gentamicin (SGEN), Synergism Streptomycin (SSTP), Tobramycin (TOB); Cephalosporins: Cefepime (FEP), Cefoxitin (FOX), Ceftaroline (CPT), Ceftazidime (CAZ), Ceftazidime + Avibactam (CZA), Ceftriaxone (CRO), Cefuroxime (CXM), Cefazolin (CZ); Quinolones: Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Norfloxacin (NX), Levofloxacin (LVX); Penicillin: Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (AMC), Ampicillin (AMP), Ampicillin/Sulbactam (SAM), Oxacillin (OXA), Penicillin (PEN), Piperacillin/Tazobactam (TZP); Carbapenems: Ertapenem (ETP), Imipenem (IPM), Meropenem (MEM); Glycopeptides: Teicoplanin (TEC), Vancomycin (VAN): Macrolide: Erythromycin (ERY), Rifampicin (RIP): Lincosamides: Clindamycin (CLI); Oxazolidinone: Linezolid (LZD); Tetracycline: Tetracycline (TET), Minocycline (MIN); Sulfonamides: Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (STX); Nitroimidazoles: Nitrofurantoin (NIT); Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol (C); Phosphonate: Fosfomycin (FOS); Glycylcyclines: Tigecycline (TGC); Polypeptide: Colistin (CL); Lipopeptides: Daptomycin (DAP).
The resistance profile was classified as resistant (R), and susceptible (S). Any isolate with resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents was classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) according to the definition proposed by Magiorakos et al. (2012) (link). Some of the clinical isolates were retrieved at the moment of hospitalization for epidemiological active surveillance and infection control. A total of 256 isolates were included in the study and 196 had the antimicrobial susceptibility test performed (Table 1).
Data for new COVID-19 cases for each month were obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS) and the State Health Department of Rio de Janeiro, compiled by Cota (2020) .
The prevalence of bacteria species in pediatric, neonatal-ICU, and gynecology/obstetrics wards during the pandemic period was evaluated. In order to compare these three wards with other hospital wards, a total of 2,551 bacteria isolates were recovered from the HICC-HUAP.
Pinheiro F.R., Rozza-de-Menezes R.E., Blum M.C., Pereira R.F., Rocha J.A., Guedes Pinto M.C., Penna B.A., Riley L.W, & Aguiar-Alves F. (2023). Evaluation of changes in antimicrobial susceptibility in bacteria infecting children and their mothers in pediatric, neonatal-intensive care unit, and gynecology/obstetrics wards of a quaternary referral hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1096223.
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Publication 2023
Amikacin Aminoglycosides Amox clav Amphenicol Ampicillin ampicillin-sulbactam avibactam - ceftazidime Bacteria Carbapenems Cefazolin Cefepime Cefoxitin ceftaroline Ceftazidime Ceftriaxone Cefuroxime Cephalosporins Chloramphenicol Ciprofloxacin Clindamycin Colistin COVID 19 Daptomycin Ertapenem Erythromycin Fosfomycin Gentamicin Glycopeptides glycylcycline Hospitalization Imipenem Infant, Newborn Infection Control Levofloxacin Lincosamides Linezolid Lipopeptides Macrolides Meropenem Microbicides Minocycline Nitrofurantoin Nitroimidazoles Norfloxacin Oxacillin Oxazolidinones Pandemics Penicillins Phosphonates Piperacillin-Tazobactam Combination Product Polypeptides Quinolones Rifampin Streptomycin Sulfonamides Susceptibility, Disease Teicoplanin Tetracycline Tigecycline Tobramycin Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination Vancomycin

Top products related to «Norfloxacin»

1
Norfloxacin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Japan
Norfloxacin is a synthetic antibacterial agent used in laboratory settings. It functions as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, targeting a wide range of bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits the bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes, which are essential for bacterial cell division and replication.
2
Norfloxacin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States
Norfloxacin is a synthetic antibacterial agent used in laboratory settings. It functions as a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic, inhibiting the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination.
3
Ciprofloxacin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Australia, Italy, Spain, Poland, Switzerland, India, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, China, Ireland, Czechia, Japan, Macao, Israel, Belgium, Portugal
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of antimicrobial agents. It is used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. Ciprofloxacin functions by inhibiting the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential enzymes for bacterial DNA replication and transcription.
4
Ciprofloxacin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Ireland, India
Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic antibiotic that belongs to the fluoroquinolone class. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
5
Mueller hinton agar (mha) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Italy, Germany, France, India, Spain, China
Mueller-Hinton agar is a microbiological growth medium used for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria. It is a standardized agar formulation that supports the growth of a wide range of bacteria and allows for the consistent evaluation of their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents.
6
Gentamicin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, China, Ireland, Israel, Sweden, Austria, Australia, Japan, India, Argentina, Denmark, Netherlands, Macao, Brazil, Portugal, Panama
Gentamicin is a laboratory reagent used for the detection and quantification of the antibiotic gentamicin in biological samples. It is a commonly used tool in research and clinical settings.
7
Ampicillin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, China, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Australia
Ampicillin is an antibiotic that is commonly used in microbiology and molecular biology laboratories. It is a broad-spectrum penicillin-type antibiotic that inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, effectively killing or preventing the growth of susceptible bacteria.
8
Cefoxitin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, France
Cefoxitin is a cephalosporin antibiotic used in the laboratory setting. It functions as a bactericidal agent, inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Cefoxitin has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
9
Enrofloxacin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Australia, United Kingdom, Switzerland
Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in veterinary medicine. It is designed for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals.
10
Erythromycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Macao, Denmark
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in various laboratory applications. It functions by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. The core function of Erythromycin is to serve as a research tool for studying antibiotic mechanisms and microbial susceptibility.

More about "Norfloxacin"

Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is commonly used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.
This antimicrobial agent works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase, which prevents DNA replication and transcription, effectively killing the bacteria.
Norfloxacin is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including common pathogens like E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus.
It is frequently prescribed for urinary tract infections (UTIs), gastrointestinal infections, and skin/soft tissue infections.
Expereinced clinicians often consider the risks and benefits when prescribing norfloxacin, as it is generally well-tolerated but may cause side effects like nausea, diarrhea, and photosensitivity.
Researchers can enhance their norfloxacin studies by utilizing AI-powered platforms like PubCompare.ai, which can help identify the best protocols and products from literature, preprints, and patents, ultimately improving the reproducibility and accuracy of their research.
Synonyms for norfloxacin include Gyrasol, Norflin, and Noroxin, while related antibiotics include ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and erythromycin.
Additionally, common laboratory techniques used in norfloxacin research involve Mueller-Hinton agar, gentamicin, ampicillin, and cefoxitin.
By understanding the comprehensive range of topics and techniques associated with norfloxacin, researchers can streamline their work and unlock new insights in the field of antimicrobial research.