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Rifampin

Rifampin is a powerful antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including tuberculosis.
It works by interfering with the RNA synthesis in bacterial cells, effectively stopping their growth and reproduction.
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Most cited protocols related to «Rifampin»

Vaginal swabs were collected from four women: two with BV and two considered to have a non-BV vaginal biota as diagnosed by Nugent scoring[55] (link), and vaginal pH. Nurses obtained vaginal samples for RNA-seq using a Dacron polyester-tipped swab rolled against the mid-vaginal wall and immediately suspended in RNAprotect (Qiagen) containing 100 µg/ml rifampicin. Vaginal pH was measured using the pHem-alert applicator (Gynex). Samples for RNA extraction were incubated at room temperature for at least 10 minutes (to a maximum of 3 hours), and then centrifuged before discarding the supernatant and freezing the remaining pellet at 80 C. Lysis and RNA extraction were performed within 3 weeks of storage. RNA was isolated as for the B. cereus samples.
Reference sequence clustering and mapping. A total of 110 accessions representing 103 organisms (of 31 genera, and 63 species) isolated from or detected in the vagina were included in a reference sequence set for mapping. These 234,991 sequences (including 230,031 coding sequences) were clustered by sequence identity (95% nucleotide identity over 90% sequence length) using CD-HIT[56] (link) to remove redundancy in the reference mapping set. A representative sequence (''refseq'') from each of the resulting 163,014 clusters was used to build a Bowtie[32] colorspace reference library for mapping the RNA-seq reads. Reads mapped uniquely by Bowtie to a coding refseq were included in the differential expression analysis (all other unmapped reads were discarded). Reads were trimmed from the 3 end to 40 nt, and up to 2 mismatches were allowed.
ALDEX version 1.0.3 was used. It can be accessed at: http://code.google.com/p/aldex/. DESeq version 1.6.1 was used for these analyses using the per-gene dispersion estimates. The edgeR version 2.4.6 package was used. A false discovery rate of 0.1 was used to identify putative differentially-expressed transcripts as recommended by the documentation. Cuffdiff version 1.3.0 was used with a mean fragment length of 200 bp and the default false discovery rate of 0.05.
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Publication 2013
Base Sequence Biological Community Dacron DNA Library Exons Genes Nurses Polyesters Rifampin RNA-Seq Vagina Woman
ResFinder 4.0 contains four databases including AMR genes (ResFinder), chromosomal gene mutations mediating AMR (PointFinder), translation of genotypes into phenotypes and species-specific panels for in silico antibiograms. The databases of ResFinder15 (link) and PointFinder16 (link) were reviewed by experts and, when necessary, entries were removed or added. Furthermore, the PointFinder database was extended to include chromosomal gene mutations leading to ampicillin resistance in Enterococcus faecium, ciprofloxacin resistance in E. faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, and resistance to cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, linezolid, mupirocin, quinupristin–dalfopristin, rifampicin and trimethoprim in Staphylococcus aureus. The genotype-to-phenotype tables were created by experts, by using additional databases (www.bldb.eu for β-lactam resistance genes,18 (link)  http://faculty.washington.edu/marilynr/ for tetracycline as well as macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin and oxazolidinone resistance genes) and by performing extensive literature searches. In the genotype-to-phenotype tables, the ResFinder and PointFinder entries have been associated with an AMR phenotype both at the antimicrobial class and at the antimicrobial compound level. A selection of antimicrobial compounds within each class was made to include antimicrobial agents important for clinical and surveillance purposes for the different bacterial species included (Table S1, available as Supplementary data at JAC Online). The genotype-to-phenotype tables also include: (i) the PubMed ID of relevant literature describing the respective AMR determinants and phenotypes, when available; (ii) the mechanism of resistance by which each AMR determinant functions; and (iii) notes, which may contain different information such as warnings on variable expression levels (inducible resistance, cryptic genes in some species, etc.), structural and functional information, and alternative nomenclature.
Publication 2020
Antibiogram Bacteria Cefoxitin CFC1 protein, human Chloramphenicol Chromosomes Ciprofloxacin Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium Faculty fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether Fusidic Acid Genes Genotype Lactams Lincosamides Linezolid Macrolides Microbicides Mupirocin Mutation Oxazolidinones Phenotype quinupristin-dalfopristin Rifampin Staphylococcus aureus Streptogramins Tetracycline Trimethoprim
To examine the potential analytical advantage of whole genome sequencing comparison was made with three commercial tests: (1) the Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid Inc., USA) which targets the rpoB gene for RMP resistance; (2) the LPA MTBDRplus for MDR-TB (Hain Lifescience, Germany) which targets rpoB, katG and inhA for resistance to RMP and INH; and (3) the LPA MTBDRsl (Hain Lifescience, Germany) which targets gyrA, rrs and embB for resistance to the fluoroquinolones (FLQ), aminoglycosides and ethambutol, respectively. In silico versions were developed based on the polymorphisms used by these assays and their performance compared to the whole genome mutation library. In particular, in silico analysis of the six datasets was performed and analytical sensitivities and specificities of the inferred resistance relative to the reported phenotype were compared (Figure 2, Additional file 1: Figures S3 and S4). KvarQ [35 (link)], a new tool that directly scans fastq files of bacterial genome sequences for known genetic polymorphisms, was run across all 792 samples using the MTBC test suite and default parameters. Sensitivity and specificity achieved by this method using phenotypic DST results as the reference standard were calculated.

Inferred analytical accuracies of the whole genome mutation library and three commercial molecular tests for resistance. In silico analysis of published sequence data using mutation libraries derived from XpertMTB/RIF (Cepheid Inc., USA) (purple), MTBDRsl (red) and MTBDRplus (orange) (Hain Life Sciences, Germany), and the curated whole genome library (blue). For each library in silico inferred resistance phenotypes were compared to reported phenotypes obtained from conventional drug susceptibility testing. Errors bars correspond to 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: AMK, amikacin; CAP, capreomycin; EMB, ethambutol; ETH, ethionamide; INH, Isoniazid; KAN, kanamycin; MDR, multi-drug resistance; MOX, moxifloxacin; OFX, ofloxacin; PZA, pyrazinamide; RMP, rifampicin; STR, streptomycin; XDR, extensive drug resistance.

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Publication 2015
ADRB2 protein, human Amikacin Aminoglycosides Biological Assay Capreomycin DNA Library Ethambutol Ethionamide Fluoroquinolones Genes Genetic Polymorphism Genome, Bacterial Genomic Library INHA protein, human Isoniazid Kanamycin Moxifloxacin Multi-Drug Resistance Mutation Ofloxacin Phenotype Pyrazinamide Radionuclide Imaging Resistance, Drug Rifampin Sequence Analysis Streptomycin Susceptibility, Disease
Caulobacter crescentus CB15N (8 (link)) and its derivatives were grown in PYE rich or M2G minimal medium (6 (link)) at 28°C. For cloning purposes, plasmids were propagated in Escherichia coli TOP10 (Invitrogen), which was cultivated in Luria-Bertani medium at 37°C. When appropriate, media were supplemented with antibiotics at the following concentrations (liquid/solid media for C. crescentus; liquid/solid media for E. coli; in μg/ml): spectinomycin (25/50; 50/100), kanamycin (5/25; 30/50), rifampicin (2.5/5; 25/50), gentamicin (0.5/5; 15/20), oxytetracycline (1/1; 12/12), chloramphenicol (2/1; 20/30), apramycin (10/60; 30/30). Plasmid transfer into C. crescentus was achieved by electroporation (6 (link)). Escherichia coli was transformed using a chemical method (9 (link)). The CB15N derivatives MT219 (▵vanR) and MT231 (▵vanA) were generated with the help of plasmids pMT422 and pMT487, respectively, following a previously described gene replacement protocol (10 (link)). Strains MT232, MT236 and MT240 were created by transforming strain CB15N with integration plasmids pMT627, pMT704 or pMT760, respectively, and selecting for homologous recombination of the constructs into the chromosomal vanA or xylX locus.
Publication 2007
Antibiotics, Antitubercular apramycin Caulobacter crescentus Chloramphenicol Chromosomes derivatives Electroporation Escherichia coli Genes Gentamicin Homologous Recombination Kanamycin Oxytetracycline Plasmids Rifampin Spectinomycin Strains

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Publication 2016
Biological Assay Diagnosis DNA Ethambutol Genes Genome Genotype Isoniazid Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Mutation Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Resistance, Drug Rifampin Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Sputum Strains Streptomycin Susceptibility, Disease Tandem Repeat Sequences Tempeh Transmission, Communicable Disease Tuberculosis

Most recents protocols related to «Rifampin»

Example 2

Twenty-eight (28) healthy, adult male and female (non-childbearing potential) subjects were enrolled in the study in total; 14 subjects in each study part (Parts 1 and 2). A minimum of 8 female subjects were enrolled in the study (i.e., a minimum of 4 female subjects per study part). Each subject participated in either Part 1 or Part 2, but not both.

Part 1

On Day 1 of Treatment Period 1, a single oral dose of 20 mg mitapivat sulfate was administered. Serial blood samples for plasma assay of mitapivat concentrations and its CYP3A4 metabolite, referred to herein as the “Metabolite” (structure below),

[Figure (not displayed)]
were collected from predose to 120 hours following administration of mitapivat sulfate. In Treatment Period 2, an oral dose of 200 mg itraconazole was administered once daily (QD) for 9 consecutive days (Day 1 through Day 9 of Treatment Period 2) with a single oral dose of 20 mg mitapivat sulfate coadministered on Day 5. Serial blood samples for plasma assay of mitapivat and the Metabolite concentrations were collected from predose to 120 hours following coadministration of mitapivat sulfate and itraconazole on Day 5.

In Treatment Period 1, mitapivat sulfate was administered orally with approximately 240 mL of water. In Treatment Period 2, on Days 1 to 4, itraconazole was administered alone immediately followed by approximately 220 mL of water, and on Day 5, itraconazole was administered first (no water) and was immediately followed by mitapivat sulfate administration with approximately 220 mL of water. Study drugs (mitapivat sulfate and itraconazole) were administered following an overnight fast of at least 10 hours on Day 1 of Treatment Period 1 (mitapivat sulfate only) and Day 5 of Treatment Period 2 (mitapivat sulfate and itraconazole), and subjects remained fasted for 4 hours after dosing. On all other dosing days, itraconazole was administered following a predose fast of at least 4 hours and subjects remained fasted for at least 2 hours after dosing.

Part 2

On Day 1 of Treatment Period 1, a single oral dose of 50 mg mitapivat sulfate was administered. Serial blood samples for plasma assay of mitapivat and the Metabolite concentrations were collected from predose to 120 hours following administration of mitapivat sulfate. In Treatment Period 2, an oral dose of 600 mg rifampin was administered QD for 12 consecutive days (Day 1 through Day 12 of Treatment Period 2) with a single oral dose of 50 mg mitapivat sulfate coadministered on Day 8. Serial blood samples for plasma assay of mitapivat sulfate and the Metabolite concentrations were collected from predose to 120 hours following coadministration of mitapivat and rifampin on Day 8.

In Part 2, study drugs were administered with approximately 240 mL of water on all dosing days including the coadministration of mitapivat sulfate and rifampin on Day 8 of Treatment Period 2. Mitapivat sulfate and rifampin was administered following an overnight fast of at least 10 hours on Day 1 of Treatment Period 1 (mitapivat sulfate only) and Day 8 of Treatment Period 2 (both mitapivat sulfate and rifampin) and subjects remained fasted for 4 hours after dosing. On all other dosing days, rifampin was administered following a predose fast of at least 4 hours and subjects remained fasted for at least 2 hours after dosing. There was a washout period of 7 days between the mitapivat sulfate dose in Treatment Period 1 and the first itraconazole (Part 1) or rifampin (Part 2) dose in Treatment Period 2. All study drugs were consumed within 5 minutes for both Part 1 and Part 2.

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Patent 2024
Adult Biological Assay Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Drug Interactions Females Itraconazole Males mitapivat mitapivat sulfate Plasma Rifampin
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EXAMPLE 3

The time-to-kill assay was conducted via colony forming unit (CFU) analysis at various concentrations of OCG to determine the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), which is defined as the lowest concentration to reduce bacterial viability by more than 99.9% with a concentration no more than 4×MIC. As shown in FIG. 6, the fast killing of Msm was observed within several hours of OCG treatments at 2×MIC or higher, indicating that OCG is bactericidal. Additionally, the bactericidal activity is fast-acting in comparison to anti-TB drugs including bedaquiline (BDQ), rifampicin (RIF), or verapamil (VER). The fast-acting bactericidal activity could be due to possible multidentate interaction of OCG to the membrane.

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Patent 2024
Bacterial Viability bedaquiline Biological Assay Pharmaceutical Preparations Rifampin SERPINA3 protein, human Tissue, Membrane Verapamil
Not available on PMC !

Example 6

Oil content in the dicotyledonous plant species Trifolium repens (clover), a legume commonly used as a pasture species, was increased by expressing the combination of WRI1, DGAT and Oleosin genes in vegetative parts. The construct pJP3502 was used to transform T. repens by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (Larkin et al., 1996). Briefly, the genetic construct pJP3502 was introduced into A. tumefaciens via a standard electroporation procedure. The binary vector also contained a 35S:NptII selectable marker gene within the T-DNA. The transformed Agrobacterium cells were grown on solid LB media supplemented with kanamycin (50 mg/L) and rifampicin (25 mg/L) and incubated at 28° C. for two days. A single colony was used to initiate a fresh culture. Following 48 hours vigorous culture, the Agrobacterium cells was used to treat T. repens (cv. Haifa) cotyledons that had been dissected from imbibed seed as described by Larkin et al. (1996). Following co-cultivation for three days the explants were exposed to 25 mg/L kanamycin to select transformed shoots and then transferred to rooting medium to form roots, before transfer to soil.

Six transformed plants containing the T-DNA from pJP3502 were obtained and transferred to soil in the glasshouse. Increased oil content was observed in the non-seed tissue of some of the plants, with one plant showing greater than 4-fold increase in TAG levels in the leaves. Such plants are useful as animal feed, for example by growing the plants in pastures, providing feed with an increased energy content per unit weight (energy density) and resulting in increased growth rates in the animals.

The construct pJP3502 is also used to transform other leguminous plants such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) by the method of Wright et al. (2006) to obtain transgenic plants which have increased TAG content in vegetative parts. The transgenic plants are useful as pasture species or as hay or silage as a source of feed for animals such as, for example, cattle, sheep and horses, providing an increased energy density in the feed.

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Patent 2024
Agrobacterium Alfalfa Animals Cattle Cells Cloning Vectors Cotyledon Domestic Sheep Electroporation Equus caballus Fabaceae Genes Kanamycin Magnoliopsida Markers, DNA Medicago truncatula Plant Embryos Plant Oils Plant Roots Plants Plants, Transgenic Reproduction Rifampin Silage Tissues Trifolium Trifolium repens
Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) were
prepared on glass substrates (no. 1.5, Marienfeld-Superio, Lauda-Königshofen,
Germany), used for fluorescence microscopy imaging, and on silicon
wafers coated with 5 μm SiO2 (Silicon Materials,
Kaufering, Germany), used for reflectometric interference spectroscopy
(RIfS). Both substrates were treated for 20 min with a H2O/NH3/H2O2 (5:1:1, v/v) solution
at 70 °C and subsequently activated for 30 s with O2-plasma (Zepto LF PC, Diener electronic, Ebhausen, Germany). The
hydrophilized substrates were mounted in a measuring chamber and immediately
incubated with SUVs.
For the preparations on glass slides, SLBs
were formed by incubating the substrates for 1 h with SUVs (m = 0.2 mg, c = 0.53 mg/mL) at 20 °C
and excess lipid material was removed by a 10-fold buffer exchange
with spreading buffer followed by ezrin buffer (50 mM KCl, 20 mM Tris,
0.1 mM NaN3, 0.1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4). For SLB formation on
silicon substrates, SUVs (m = 0.2 mg, c = 0.53 mg/mL) were spread while the optical thickness was read out.
After successful SLB formation, excess lipid material was removed
by rinsing 5 min with spreading buffer and 5 min with ezrin buffer.
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Publication 2023
Buffers Edetic Acid Lipid Bilayers Lipids Microscopy, Fluorescence Peroxide, Hydrogen Plasma Rifampin Silicon Sodium Azide Spectrum Analysis Tromethamine VIL2 protein, human Vision
Ezrin T567D was recombinantly
expressed in E. coli (BL21(DE3)pLysS,
Novagen, Madison, WI, USA) and purified as described previously.33 (link) RIfS was used to measure the formation of SLBs
on the silicon wafers and binding of the protein onto the membranes.
RIfS is a noninvasive label-free technique to determine optical layer
thicknesses (OT = nd). OT values were monitored using
a flame-S-UV/vis spectrometer (Ocean Optics, Dunedin, FL, USA), recording
a spectrum every 2 s and analyzed utilizing a custom MATLAB script
(R2021a, Mathworks). The experimental setup was described previously.37 (link) After SLB formation, the membrane surface was
rinsed with ezrin buffer and a BSA solution (1 mg/mL in ezrin buffer)
for 5 min. After rinsing again with ezrin buffer for 5 min, ezrin
T567D was added (0.8 μM) for 10 min. Unbound protein was removed
by rinsing with ezrin buffer.
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Publication 2023
Binding Proteins Buffers Escherichia coli Eye Proteins Rifampin Silicon Tissue, Membrane VIL2 protein, human Vision

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More about "Rifampin"

Rifampin, also known as Rifampicin, is a powerful antibiotic that is widely used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB).
This medication works by interfering with the RNA synthesis in bacterial cells, effectively halting their growth and reproduction.
Rifampin is often used in combination with other antibiotics, such as Isoniazid, Ethambutol, and Pyrazinamide, to treat TB.
The Etest is a common method used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Rifampin and other antibiotics, helping to guide treatment decisions.
The solubility of Rifampin in DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) makes it a useful tool in research, as it allows for the compound to be easily dissolved and studied.
Researchers may compare the effectiveness of Rifampin to other antibiotics, such as Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Kanamycin, and Streptomycin, to better understand its mechanisms and potential applications.
PubCompare.ai is a valuable resource for researchers working with Rifampin, as it helps optimize research by locating relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
The AI-driven comparisons provided by PubCompare.ai can help identify the most effective protocols and products, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy in Rifampin research.