Log In Sign up
The largest database of trusted experimental protocols
> Chemicals & Drugs > Biologically Active Substance > Abscisic Acid

Abscisic Acid

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, such as seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and stress responses.
ABA is involved in the plant's adaptation to environmental stresses, including drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures.
It acts as a signaling molecule, triggering a cascade of biochemical and molecular events that allow plants to adjust and survive under unfavorable conditions.
Understanding the mechanisms of ABA biosynthesis, signaling, and metabolism is essential for developing strategies to improve crop productivity and resilience.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven tools can help researchers optimize their ABA experiments by identifying the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, improving reproducibility and finding the optimal procedures and products for their research.

Most cited protocols related to «Abscisic Acid»

1
Phytohormone Analysis by HPLC-MS
Cytokinins (zeatin, Z, and zeatin riboside, ZR), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) were extracted and purified according to the method of Dobrev and Kaminek (2002) (link). One gram of fresh plant material (leaf or root) was homogenized in liquid nitrogen and placed in 5 ml of cold (–20 °C) extraction mixture of methanol/water/formic acid (15/4/1 by vol., pH 2.5). After overnight extraction at –20 °C solids were separated by centrifugation (20 000 g, 15 min) and re-extracted for 30 min in an additional 5 ml of the same extraction solution. Pooled supernatants were passed through a Sep-Pak Plus †C18 cartridge (SepPak Plus, Waters, USA) to remove interfering lipids and plant pigments and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in 5 ml of 1 M formic acid and loaded on an Oasis MCX mixed mode (cation-exchange and reverse phase) column (150 mg, Waters, USA) preconditioned with 5 ml of methanol followed by 5 ml of 1 M formic acid. To separate different CK forms (nucleotides, bases, ribosides, and glucosides) from IAA and ABA, the column was washed and eluted stepwise with different appropriate solutions indicated in Dobrev and Kaminek (2002) (link). ABA and IAA were analysed in the same fraction. After each solvent was passed through the columns, they were purged briefly with air. Solvents were evaporated at 40 °C under vacuum. Samples then dissolved in a water/acetonitrile/formic acid (94.9:5:0.1 by vol.) mixture for HPLC/MS analysis. Analyses were carried out on a HPLC/MS system consisting of an Agilent 1100 Series HPLC (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with a μ-well plate autosampler and a capillary pump, and connected to an Agilent Ion Trap XCT Plus mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) using an electrospray (ESI) interface. Prior to injection, 100 μl of each fraction extracted from tissues or a similar volume of xylem sap were filtered through 13 mm diameter Millex filters with 0.22 μm pore size nylon membrane (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). 8 μl of each sample, dissolved in mobile phase A, was injected onto a Zorbax SB-C18 HPLC column (5 μm, 150×0.5 mm, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), maintained at 40 °C, and eluted at a flow rate of 10 μl min−1. Mobile phase A, consisting of water/acetonitrile/formic acid (94.9:5:0.1 by vol.), and mobile phase B, consisting of water/acetonitrile/formic acid (10:89.9:0.1 by vol.), were used for the chromatographic separation. The elution programme maintained 100% A for 5 min, then a linear gradient from 0% to 6% B in 10 min, followed by another linear gradient from 6% to 100% B in 5 min, and finally 100% B maintained for another 5 min. The column was equilibrated with the starting composition of the mobile phase for 30 min before each analytical run. The UV chromatogram was recorded at 280 nm with a DAD module (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive mode with a capillary spray voltage of 3500 V, and a scan speed of 22 000 m/z s−1 from 50–500 m/z. The nebulizer gas (He) pressure was set to 30 psi, whereas the drying gas was set to a flow of 6.0 l min−1 at a temperature of 350 °C. Mass spectra were obtained using the DataAnalysis program for LC/MSD Trap Version 3.2 (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Germany). For quantification of Z, ZR, ABA, and IAA, calibration curves were constructed for each component analysed (0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mg l−1) and corrected for 0.1 mg l−1 internal standards: [2H5]trans-zeatin, [2H5]trans-zeatin riboside, [2H6]cis,trans-abscisic acid (Olchemin Ltd, Olomouc, Czech Republic), and [13C6]indole-3-acetic acid (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc., Andover, MA, USA). Recovery percentages ranged between 92% and 95%.
ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) was determined after conversion into ethylene by gas chromatography using an activated alumina column and a FID detector (Konik, Barcelona, Spain). ACC was extracted with 80% (v/v) ethanol and assayed by degradation with alkaline hypochlorite in the presence of 5 mM HgCl2 (Casas et al., 1989 ). A preliminary purification step was performed by passing the extract through a Dowex 50W-X8, 50–100 mesh, H+-form resin and later recovered with 0.1 N NH4OH. The conversion efficiency of ACC into ethylene was calculated separately by using a replicate sample containing 2.5 nmol of ACC as an internal standard and used for the correction of data.
Albacete A., Ghanem M.E., Martínez-Andújar C., Acosta M., Sánchez-Bravo J., Martínez V., Lutts S., Dodd I.C, & Pérez-Alfocea F. (2008). Hormonal changes in relation to biomass partitioning and shoot growth impairment in salinized tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59(15), 4119-4131.
Publication 2008
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid Abscisic Acid acetonitrile Capillaries Centrifugation Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Chromatography cis-acid Cold Temperature CREB3L1 protein, human Cytokinins DNA Replication Dowex Ethanol Ethylenes formic acid Gas Chromatography Glucosides High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hypochlorite indoleacetic acid Isotopes Lipids Mass Spectrometry Mercuric Chloride Methanol Nebulizers Nitrogen Nucleotides Nylons Oxide, Aluminum Pigmentation Plant Leaves Plant Roots Plants Pressure Radionuclide Imaging Resins, Plant Sep-Pak C18 Solvents Strains Tissue, Membrane Tissues Vacuum Xylem Zeatin zeatin riboside
2
Potato Transcriptome Analysis by RNA-Seq
Transcriptome analyses were performed using RNA-Seq data generated by the PGSC described previously [3] (link). In this data set, transcriptome sequences were generated from 32 DM libraries using RNA-Seq with the Illumina Genome Analyzer II platform (Tables 1 and 2). The 32 DM libraries represent a wide range of developmental tissues/organs as well as abiotic and biotic stress treatments and are described in detail in reference [3] (link) (see Supplementary Material and Table S4). The developmental tissues represent vegetative (leaves, petioles, stolons, tubers sampled twice) and reproductive organs (Floral: carpels, petals, sepals, stamens, whole flowers; Fruit: mesocarp/endocarp, whole immature berries, whole mature berries) from greenhouse-grown plants. Shoots and roots from in vitro-grown plants were also included in the developmental series. Callus (10–11 week old) derived from leaves and stems were used to assess transcription in an undifferentiated tissue. The biotic stress conditions (pooled samples at 24 hr, 36 hr, 72 hr) were induced with Phytophthora infestans inoculum (Pi isolate US8: Pi02-007) and two chemical inducers, acibenzolar-S-methyl (BTH, 100 µg/ml) and DL-β-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA, 2 mg/ml) using detached leaves. Wounded leaves, primary and secondary, were included to mimic herbivory. The abiotic stress conditions (24 hr treatment of in vitro grown whole plants) include heat (35°C), salt (150 mM NaCl) and mannitol (260 µM) treatment. Abscisic acid (ABA, 50 µM), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 10 µM), giberellic acid (GA3, 50 µM), and 6 benzylaminopurine (BAP, 10 µM) were used to induce hormone stress responses. Expression levels as previously described in [3] (link) were determined by mapping the RNA-Seq reads to the DM potato reference genome using Tophat [23] (link) and expression levels were determined using Cufflinks [19] . Only representative transcripts, which were chosen by selecting the longest Coding Sequence (CDS) from each gene, were used for the analyses [3] (link). RNA-Seq reads are available in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under study number SRA029323.
Massa A.N., Childs K.L., Lin H., Bryan G.J., Giuliano G, & Buell C.R. (2011). The Transcriptome of the Reference Potato Genome Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja Clone DM1-3 516R44. PLoS ONE, 6(10), e26801.
Publication 2011
Abscisic Acid Acids Amino Acids benzylaminopurine Berries Biotic Stress Callosities Flowers Fruit Gene Expression Profiling Genes Genitalia Genome Herbivory Hormones indoleacetic acid Mannitol Open Reading Frames Phytophthora infestans Plant Roots Plants Plant Tubers RNA-Seq Sodium Chloride Solanum tuberosum Stem, Plant Stress Disorders, Traumatic Tissues Transcription, Genetic Transcriptome
3
Quantitative Analysis of Phytohormones in Plant Tissues
The content of phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA; trans-zeatin, tZ; N6-isopentenyladenine, iP; abscisic acid, ABA, gibberellins A1, GA1; gibberellins A4, GA4; jasmonic acid, JA; jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine, JA-Ile; and salicylic acid, SA) was determined according to the method of Lehisa and co-workers [31 (link)] with modifications. Frozen inflorescence meristems and flag leaves (~200 mg) were ground to a fine powder, mixed with 4 mL of 80% (v/v) acetonitrile containing 1% (v/v) acetic acid and known amounts of stable isotope-labeled internal standards, and stored for 1 h at 4°C to extract the hormones. Tissue debris was pelleted by centrifugation at 3000 ×g for 10 min, and the pellet was washed with 80% (v/v) acetonitrile containing 1% (v/v) acetic acid. The two supernatants were combined, evaporated in a vacuum centrifugal evaporator (Sakuma, EC-57CS, Tokyo, Japan) and dissolved in 1% (v/v) acetic acid. The extracted hormones were loaded onto a reverse-phase solid-phase extraction cartridge (Oasis HLB 1 cc; Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA). The cartridge was washed with 1 mL of 1% acetic acid and hormones were eluted with 2 mL of 80% acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid. The eluent was evaporated to leave the extracts in 1 mL of 1% acetic acid and subjected to cation exchange chromatography on an Oasis MCX 1-cc extraction cartridge (Waters Corporation). The cartridge was successively washed with 1% acetic acid and 80% acetonitrile. The acidic fraction was eluted with 1 mL of 80% acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid. A portion of the acidic elute was analyzed for SA as detailed below. The cartridge was further washed with 5% aqueous ammonia, and the basic fraction was eluted with 40% acetonitrile containing 5% ammonia and analyzed for tZ and iP. The remaining acidic fraction was evaporated, dissolved in 1% acetic acid, and loaded onto an Oasis WAX 1-cc extraction cartridge (Waters Corporation Inc.). The cartridge was washed with 1% acetic acid and the remaining hormones were eluted with 80% acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid. The elute was analyzed for IAA, GA1, GA4, ABA, JA, and JA-Ile.
All fractions were analyzed on an Agilent 1260–6410 Triple Quad LC/MS system (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column (Agilent Technologies Inc.). The conditions of liquid chromatography are described in Table C in S1 File. The multiple-reaction-monitoring mode of the tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer and precursor-product ion transitions for each compound are listed in Table D in S1 File.
Tsukahara K., Sawada H., Kohno Y., Matsuura T., Mori I.C., Terao T., Ioki M, & Tamaoki M. (2015). Ozone-Induced Rice Grain Yield Loss Is Triggered via a Change in Panicle Morphology That Is Controlled by ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1 Gene. PLoS ONE, 10(4), e0123308.
Publication 2015
Abscisic Acid Acetic Acid acetonitrile Acids Ammonia Centrifugation Chromatography CREB3L1 protein, human Freezing gibberellin A1 gibberellin A4 Hormones indoleacetic acid Inflorescence Isotopes jasmonic acid jasmonoyl-isoleucine Liquid Chromatography Meristem N6-isopentenyladenine Plant Growth Regulators Powder Salicylic Acid Solid Phase Extraction Tissues Vacuum Workers Zeatin
4
Soybean Abiotic Stress Responses
Soybean cv. Williams 82 seeds were germinated in 6-litre pots containing vermiculite soil and grown under greenhouse conditions (continuous 30°C temperature, photoperiod of 12 h/12 h, 80 µmol m−2 s−1 photon flux density and 40–60% relative humidity). For non-stress treatment all the plants were watered at regular intervals. For stress treatment, 12-d-old plants were carefully removed from soil, and roots were gently washed to remove soil. Dehydration treatment was performed as described in [40] (link). For NaCl and ABA (abscisic acid) treatments, 12-d-old seedlings were immersed in a solution containing either 200 mm NaCl and 100 µm ABA, respectively, for 0, 2, and 10 h. Cold treatment was performed by transferring 12-d-old plants to a container maintained at 4°C for 0, 2 and 10 h. A set of plant samples was also maintained in water at room temperature for the same durations as control. After the treatments, root and shoot samples were separately collected in three biological repeats for expression analyses.
Le D.T., Aldrich D.L., Valliyodan B., Watanabe Y., Ha C.V., Nishiyama R., Guttikonda S.K., Quach T.N., Gutierrez-Gonzalez J.J., Tran L.S, & Nguyen H.T. (2012). Evaluation of Candidate Reference Genes for Normalization of Quantitative RT-PCR in Soybean Tissues under Various Abiotic Stress Conditions. PLoS ONE, 7(9), e46487.
Publication 2012
Abscisic Acid Biopharmaceuticals Cold Temperature Dehydration Humidity Marijuana Abuse Plant Embryos Plant Roots Plants Seedlings Sodium Chloride Soybeans vermiculite
5
Expression Analysis of Rice Tissues
Rice ‘9311’ (O. sativa ssp. indica) was used for quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). After two days of germination in water at 37 °C, seeds were transferred into vermiculite saturated with ddH2O for further growth. All seedlings were grown at 26 °C, with a daily photoperiodic cycle of 16 h light and 8 h dark, with 60% relative humidity.
In this study, 11 tissue samples were collected for tissues specific expression analysis as the previous study [33 (link)]. They were calli (Cal, induced 30 days before subculture), grouting seed (GS, embryo and endosperm at 12–15 days after flowering), root (Rt, 12 day old seedlings), shoot (Sh, 12 day old seedlings), flag leaf (FL, 1 week after heading), sink leaf (SL, unexpanded flag leaves harvested approximately 3 weeks before heading), sink flag leaf sheath (SinkFLS, flag leaf sheaths harvested from plants 1 week before heading), source flag leaf sheath (SourceFLS, flag leaf sheaths harvested from plants 1 week after heading), node (Nd, the first node on the top at panicle stage), internode (InterN, part between the first node and the second node on the top at panicle stage), and panicle (Pan5, panicle grown to the length of 5 cm). Three biological replicates were performed, with samples of each were collected from 15 plants. All the samples were triturated immediately with liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 ℃ before they were used for RNA extraction.
12 days old seedlings were treated with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 50 μM), 6-benzylamino purine (6BA, 25 μM), abscisic acid (ABA, 100 μM), gibberellic acid (GA, 100 μM), and salicylic acid (SA, 100 μM) by spraying. Samples (leaves) were collected at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 h. As to salt, osmotic, and drought treatments, the roots of 12 days old seedlings were rinsed, followed by the immediate immersion in NaCl solution (200 mM), PEG 6000 solution (20%, w/v), and air. Samples (leaves) were also collected at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 h. Three biological replicates were produced for every treatment, each of which was collected from 12 seedlings and pooled together. These samples were triturated immediately with liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C for further use. The sugar treatments were also performed similarly with the NaCl, PEG 6000 solutions in salt stress treatments were replaced by 2% sucrose, glucose, and fructose solutions.
Deng X., An B., Zhong H., Yang J., Kong W, & Li Y. (2019). A Novel Insight into Functional Divergence of the MST Gene Family in Rice Based on Comprehensive Expression Patterns. Genes, 10(3), 239.
Publication 2019
Abscisic Acid Biopharmaceuticals Callosities Carbohydrates Droughts Embryo Endosperm Fructose Germination gibberellic acid Glucose Humidity indoleacetic acid Nitrogen Osmosis Plant Roots Plants Polyethylene Glycol 6000 purine Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Rice Salicylic Acid Salt Stress Seedlings Sodium Chloride Submersion Sucrose Tissues vermiculite

Most recents protocols related to «Abscisic Acid»

1
Overexpression of Ceres cDNA 12723147 Confers Drought Tolerance
Not available on PMC !

Example 6

Ceres cDNA 12723147 encodes an Arabidopsis putative aldo/keto reductase. Ectopic expression of Ceres cDNA 12723147 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter induces the following phenotypes:

    • Germination on high concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG), mannitol and abscissic acid (ABA).
    • Continued growth on high concentration of PEG, mannitol and ABA.
      Generation and Phenotypic Evaluation of T1 Lines Containing 35S::cDNA 12723147.

Wild-type Arabidopsis Wassilewskija (WS) plants were transformed with a Ti plasmid containing cDNA 12723147 in the sense orientation relative to the CaMV35S constitutive promoter. The Ti plasmid vector used for this construct, CRS338, contains PAT and confers herbicide resistance to transformed plants. Ten independently transformed events were selected and evaluated for their qualitative phenotype in the T1 generation. No positive or negative phenotypes were observed in the T1 plants.

Screens of Superpools on High PEG, Mannitol, and ABA as Surrogate Screens for Drought Tolerance.

Seeds from 13 superpools (1,200 T2 seeds from each superpool) from the CaMV35S or 32449 over-expression lines were tested on 3 drought surrogate screens (high concentrations of PEG, mannitol, and ABA) as described above. T3 seeds were collected from the resistant plants and analyzed for resistance on all three surrogate drought screens.

Once cDNA 12723147 was identified in resistant plants from each of the three surrogate drought screens, the five individual T2 events containing this cDNA (SR01013) were screened on high PEG, mannitol, and ABA to identify events with the resistance phenotype.

Superpools (SP) are referred to as SP1, SP2 and so on. The letter following the hyphen refers to the screen (P=PEG, M=mannitol, and A=ABA) and the number following the letter refers to a number assigned to each plant obtained from that screen on that superpool. For example, SP1-M18 is the 18th plant isolated from a mannitol screen of Superpool 1.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of 2 Independent Events Representing 35S::cDNA 12659859 (SR01010) on PEG, Mannitol and ABA

To identify two independent events of 35S::cDNA 12659859 showing PEG, mannitol, and ABA resistance, 36 seedlings from each of two events, SR01013-01 and -02 were screened as previously described. BastaR segregation was assessed to verify that the lines contained a single insert segregating in a 3:1 (R:S) ratio as calculated by a chi-square test (Table 6-1). Both lines (01 and 02) segregated for a single insert in the T2 generation (Table 1)

TABLE 6-1
BastaR segregation for SR01013 individual events
Probability
EventResistantSensitiveTotalof Chi-test*
SR01013-01305350.14323
SR01013-02306360.24821
SR01013-01-3341360.00248**
SR01013-02-2320320.00109**
*Chi-test to determine whether actual ratio of resistant to sensitive differs form the expected 3:1 ratio.
**Significantly different than a 3:1 (R:S) ratio

Lines SR01013-01 and -02 were chosen as the two events because they had a strong and consistent resistance to PEG, mannitol and ABA. The controls were sown the same day and in the same plate as the individual lines. The PEG (Tables 6-2 and 6-3), mannitol (Tables 6-4 and 6-5) and ABA (Tables 6-6 and 6-7) segregation ratios observed for SR01013-01 and -02 are consistent with the presence of single insert as demonstrated by chi-square, similar to what we observed for BastaR resistance (Table 6-1).

The progeny from one resistant T2 plant from each of these two events were tested in the same manner as the T2. Resistance to PEG, mannitol and ABA was also observed in the T3 generation. Taken together, the segregation of resistant seedlings containing cDNA 12723147 from two events on all three drought surrogate screens and the inheritance of this resistance in a subsequent generation, provide strong evidence that cDNA 12723147 when over-expressed can provide tolerance to drought.

TABLE 6-2
Chi-square analysis assuming a 3:1 (R:S) ratio for progeny of
SR01013-01T2 containing 35S::cDNA 12723147 on PEG.
Probability
EventObservedExpectedχ2of Chi-Test
PEG Resistant22270.9260.054
PEG Sensitive1492.778
36363.704

TABLE 6-3
Chi-square analysis assuming a 3:1 (R:S) ratio for progeny of
SR01013-02 T2 containing 35S::cDNA 12723147 on PEG.
Probability
EventObservedExpectedχ2of Chi-Test
PEG Resistant26270.037.700
PEG Sensitive109.111
3636.148

TABLE 6-4
Chi-square analysis assuming a 3:1 (R:S) ratio for progeny of
SR01013-01 T2 containing 35S::cDNA 12723147 on mannitol.
Probability
EventObservedExpectedχ2of Chi-Test
Mannitol Resistant2827.037.700
Mannitol Sensitive89.111
3636.148

TABLE 6-5
Chi-square analysis assuming a 3:1 (R:S) ratio for progeny of
SR01013-02 T2 containing 35S::cDNA 12723147 on mannitol.
Probability
EventObservedExpectedχ2of Chi-Test
Mannitol Resistant18273.0005
Mannitol Sensitive1899
363612

TABLE 6-6
Chi-square analysis assuming a 3:1 (R:S) ratio for progeny of
SR01013-02 T2 containing 35S::cDNA 12723147 on ABA.
EventObservedExpectedχ2Probability
ABA Resistant1324 5.0427.098
ABA Sensitive19 815.125
323220.167

TABLE 6-7
Chi-square analysis assuming a 3:1 (R:S) ratio for progeny of
SR01013-02 T2 containing 35S::cDNA 12723147 on ABA.
EventObservedExpectedχ2Probability
ABA Resistant1324 5.0427.098
ABA Sensitive19 815.125
323220.167
FIG. 5 provides the results of the consensus sequence (SEQ ID NOs: 178-200) analysis based on Ceres cDNA 12723147.

US11859195B2. Nucleotide sequences and polypeptides encoded thereby useful for modifying plant characteristics (2024-01-02). CERES, INC. [US]. Inventors: Cory Christensen [US], Nestor Apuya [US], Kenneth A. Feldmann [US].
Patent 2024
14-3-3 Proteins Abscisic Acid Aldo-Keto Reductase Arabidopsis CERE Cloning Vectors Consensus Sequence DNA, Complementary Droughts Drought Tolerance Ectopic Gene Expression Germination Herbicide Resistance Mannitol Pattern, Inheritance Phenotype Plant Embryos Plants Plant Tumor-Inducing Plasmids Polyethylene Glycols Seedlings
2
Stress-Response and Growth Hormone Effects on Gametophytes
Mature gametophytes were placed on 20-20-20 agar plates supplemented with hormones and grown under full spectrum growth lights. Stress-response hormones included methyl jasmonate (MeJA, Sigma), abscisic acid (AA, Sigma), and salicylic acid (SA, Sigma) while growth hormones included 1-napthaleneaceticacid (NAA, Sigma), and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, Sigma). Control samples (no methanol, no hormones) were prepared for both the stress-response and growth groups. The stress-response hormones were grown for 4 months while the growth hormone treatments were grown for 3 months. Plants were weighed and stored at -80 °C until further processing. Harvesting yielded the following samples: AA1, AA10, AA100, MeJA1, MeJA10, MeJA100, SA1, SA10, SA100, Stress Control, BAP1, BAP10, BAP100, NAA1, NAA10, NAA100, Growth Control. Statistical analyses were conducted in R and significant changes were determined by a one-way ANOVA and a Tukey HSD post-hoc test. Treatment fresh weights were normalized with Eq. (1) for data visualization.

Blatt-Janmaat K., Neumann S., Schmidt F., Ziegler J., Qu Y, & Peters K. (2023). Impact of in vitro phytohormone treatments on the metabolome of the leafy liverwort Radula complanata (L.) Dumort. Metabolomics, 19(3), 17.
Publication 2023
Abscisic Acid Agar benzylaminopurine Gametophytes Growth Hormone Hormones Light Methanol methyl jasmonate neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Plants Salicylic Acid
3
Phytohormone Dynamics in Rice Development
Rice plants with consistent growth and development (sampling by population mean stem number) were selected at the panicle initiation and heading stage and 20 days after heading. The flag leaves (the first fully expanded leaf under the heart leaf before heading) were frozen in liquid nitrogen. The contents of abscisic acid (ABA), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and zeatin riboside (ZR) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Onoda et al., 2017 (link)), with three replicates for each treatment.
Zhao L., Tang Q., Song Z., Yin Y., Wang G, & Li Y. (2023). Increasing the yield of drip-irrigated rice by improving photosynthetic performance and enhancing nitrogen metabolism through optimizing water and nitrogen management. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1075625.
Publication 2023
Abscisic Acid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Freezing gibberellic acid Heart indoleacetic acid Nitrogen Oryza sativa Plant Development Plant Leaves Stem, Plant zeatin riboside
4
Plant hormone profiling via HPLC
The contents of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA), gibberellin (GA3), cytokinin (CTK), and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (Pan et al., 2010 (link)).
Chen W., Mou X., Meng P., Chen J., Tang X., Meng G., Xin K., Zhang Y, & Wang C. (2023). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculation on the growth and nitrogen metabolism of Catalpa bungei C.A.Mey. under different nitrogen levels. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1138184.
Publication 2023
Abscisic Acid Auxins Cytokinins Gibberellins High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies indoleacetic acid Plant Roots
5
Transcriptome Analysis of Endosperm and Embryo Development
Total RNA was isolated from 200 endosperms dissected 40 h after seeds incubation at 30 °C and from 200 embryos dissected 4 h after seeds imbibition and growing for 40 h at 30 °C. Total RNA was isolated as previously described51 (link). cDNA libraries were prepared from 200 ng of total RNA using a TruSeq mRNA Library Prep Kit (Illumina). cDNA libraries were normalized and pooled then sequenced using HiSeq 2500 (Illumina) with single-end 50 bp reads. Transcript assembly and normalization was performed with the Cufflinks program and gene expression levels were calculated in FPKM (Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Milion mapped fragments) units. Differential gene expression analysis was performed by Cuffdiff, a part of the Cufflinks package54 –56 (link).
GO enrichment analysis for biological processes was performed using the TAIR publicly available tool (https://www.arabidopsis.org/tools/go_term_enrichment.jsp). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with log2 fold change ≥1 or ≤1and P ≤ 0.05 were selected for GO enrichment analysis. The list of genes bound by PIF3 was previously described Zhang et al.32 (link). Gene lists for abscisic acid metabolic process, abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway, gibberellin metabolic process, and gibberellin mediated signaling pathway were obtained from TAIR. Heat maps were generated using the heatmap.2 function of the gplots package in R.
Piskurewicz U., Sentandreu M., Iwasaki M., Glauser G, & Lopez-Molina L. (2023). The Arabidopsis endosperm is a temperature-sensing tissue that implements seed thermoinhibition through phyB. Nature Communications, 14, 1202.
Publication 2023
Abscisic Acid Arabidopsis Biological Processes cDNA Library Embryo Endosperm Exons Gene Expression Gene Expression Profiling Genes Gibberellins Metabolism Microtubule-Associated Proteins Plant Embryos RNA, Messenger Signal Transduction

Top products related to «Abscisic Acid»

1
Abscisic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe, Italy
Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes in plants. It is a naturally occurring compound found in many plant species and is involved in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses.
2
Salicylic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, France, China, India, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Singapore, Czechia, Switzerland, Canada
Salicylic acid is a white crystalline compound that is commonly used as a chemical reagent in various laboratory applications. It has the molecular formula C6H4(OH)COOH and is classified as a phenolic acid. Salicylic acid serves as a versatile tool for researchers and scientists in a wide range of fields, including organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry.
3
Abscisic acid aba by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. It is a naturally occurring compound found in plants and is involved in regulating growth, development, and stress responses. ABA is used in research and laboratory settings to study its effects on plant biology.
4
Jasmonic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Jasmonic acid is a naturally occurring plant hormone that plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. It is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula C₁₂H₁₈O₃. Jasmonic acid functions as a signaling molecule, regulating various physiological processes in plants, including defense responses, stress tolerance, and reproductive development.
5
Formic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, United Kingdom, France, Spain, China, Poland, India, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe, Belgium, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Macao, Hungary, Czechia, Netherlands, Portugal, Brazil, Singapore, Austria, Mexico, Chile, Sweden, Bulgaria, Denmark, Malaysia, Norway, New Zealand, Japan, Romania, Finland, Indonesia
Formic acid is a colorless, pungent-smelling liquid chemical compound. It is the simplest carboxylic acid, with the chemical formula HCOOH. Formic acid is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
6
Gibberellic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Gibberellic acid is a plant hormone that belongs to the gibberellin family. It is a naturally occurring substance produced by various fungi and plants. Gibberellic acid plays a key role in the regulation of plant growth and development, including stem elongation, seed germination, and flower induction.
7
Acetonitrile by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, India, China, United Kingdom, France, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Belgium, Macao, Japan, Singapore, Mexico, Austria, Czechia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Egypt, Denmark, Chile, Malaysia, Israel, Croatia, Portugal, New Zealand, Romania, Norway, Sweden, Indonesia
Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
8
Gallic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, Spain, France, India, China, Poland, Australia, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, Chile, Ireland, Canada, Singapore, Switzerland, Malaysia, Portugal, Mexico, Hungary, New Zealand, Belgium, Czechia, Macao, Hong Kong, Sweden, Argentina, Cameroon, Japan, Slovakia, Serbia
Gallic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound that can be used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white to light tan crystalline solid with the chemical formula C6H2(OH)3COOH. Gallic acid is commonly used in various analytical and research applications.
9
12 oxo phytodienoic acid by Cayman Chemical
Sourced in United States
12-oxo phytodienoic acid is a chemical compound found in plants. It serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of various plant hormones and secondary metabolites. The compound has a core function in plant physiological processes, but no further details on its intended use can be provided in an unbiased and factual manner.
10
Ethanol by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Italy, India, France, China, Australia, Spain, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Brazil, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Singapore, Chile, Malaysia, Belgium, Macao, Mexico, Ireland, Sweden, Indonesia, Pakistan, Romania, Czechia, Denmark, Hungary, Egypt, Israel, Portugal, Taiwan, Province of China, Austria, Thailand
Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.

More about "Abscisic Acid"

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a crucial plant hormone that plays a vital role in regulating various physiological processes, such as seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and stress responses.
This plant growth regulator is involved in the plant's adaptation to environmental stresses, including drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures.
ABA acts as a signaling molecule, triggering a cascade of biochemical and molecular events that allow plants to adjust and survive under unfavorable conditions.
Understanding the mechanisms of ABA biosynthesis, signaling, and metabolism is essential for developing strategies to improve crop productivity and resilience.
Researchers can utilize AI-driven tools like those provided by PubCompare.ai to optimize their ABA experiments and identify the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
This can improve reproducibility and help researchers find the optimal procedures and products for their ABA-related research.
In addition to ABA, other plant hormones, such as Salicylic acid, Jasmonic acid, Gibberellic acid, and 12-oxo phytodienoic acid, play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses.
Compounds like Formic acid, Acetonitrile, and Gallic acid are also relevant in the context of plant biology and chemistry.
By leveraging the insights gained from the study of these related terms, researchers can develop a more comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying plant adaptation and resilience.