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Carrageenan

Carrageenan: A naturally-occurring polysaccharide derived from red seaweeds, commonly used as a thickening, stabilizing, and gelling agent in food, pharmaceutical, and personal care products.
Carrageenan exhibits diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and prebiotic properties.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai to optimize Carrageenan research, identifying the best protocols from published literature, preprints, and patents to enhance reproducibility and accuracy.
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Most cited protocols related to «Carrageenan»

1
In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity Assay
The two lead compounds 18 and 21 were advanced for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity study and celecoxib (1) was used as reference drug. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was measured using a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay. In brief, three to five male Sprague–Dawley rats, 8–11-weeks-old, weighing 180–200 g (Charles-River Canada) were used in each group. Animals were randomized into different treatment groups based on similar paw size and body weight. Test compounds 18 and 21 suspended in water containing 1% methyl cellulose were administered orally for a minimum of four different doses (0.3. 1, 5, 10 mg kg−1) 1 h prior to a 0.05 ml subcutaneous injection of fresh 1% carrageenan in 0.9% NaCl solution under the plantar skin of the hind paw. Control experiments were identical, except that the vehicle did not contain a test compound. The volume of the injected paw was measured at 0, 3, and 5 h using a UGO Basile 7141 Plethysmometer (series no. 43201), each value is mean of 10 measurements. A dose–response curve was constructed using GraphPad Prism 5.0 and ED50were calculated. No unusual change in behavior and toxic effects was noticed in all animals. In vivo anti-inflammatory assays were carried using a protocol approved by the Health Sciences Animal Welfare Committee, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Bhardwaj A., Kaur J., Wuest M, & Wuest F. (2017). In situ click chemistry generation of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Nature Communications, 8, 1.
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Publication 2017
Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents Biological Assay Body Weight Carrageenan Celecoxib compound 18 Edema Males Methylcellulose Normal Saline Pharmaceutical Preparations prisma Rats, Sprague-Dawley Rivers Skin Subcutaneous Injections
2
Inflammatory Assays for Neuropathic Pain
Inflammatory assays were used in this study since the limited duration of facial grimacing is not appropriate for neuropathic assays. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), kaolin and carrageenan were all obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). In the intraplantar CFA model [11 ], rats were injected with 50% CFA, in a 150 μl injection volume, into the plantar surface of one hind paw. Rats (n = 10) were tested before, and 1 h, 4 h, 6 h, 24 h and (in a separate cohort; n = 8) 48 h and 7 days post-injection. In the rat intraarticular kaolin/carrageenan model [12 (link)], 2% kaolin and 2% carrageenan were successively injected (separated by 10 min), under isoflurane/oxygen anesthesia, into one knee joint, each in a volume of 200 μl. Rats (n = 6) were tested before, and 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h post-injection. Group sizes were based on our experience using similar assays in mice [9 (link)].
Sotocinal S.G., Sorge R.E., Zaloum A., Tuttle A.H., Martin L.J., Wieskopf J.S., Mapplebeck J.C., Wei P., Zhan S., Zhang S., McDougall J.J., King O.D, & Mogil J.S. (2011). The Rat Grimace Scale: A partially automated method for quantifying pain in the laboratory rat via facial expressions. Molecular Pain, 7, 55.
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Publication 2011
Anesthesia Biological Assay Carrageenan Face Freund's Adjuvant Inflammation Isoflurane Kaolin Knee Joint Mice, House Oxygen Rattus norvegicus
3
Histopathological Evaluation of Carrageenan-Induced Rat Arthritis
The rats were killed after 9 days of carrageenan and control treatments. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the degree of immune cells infiltration into the joints. Rat ankles were dissected, fixed in 10% formalin, dehydrated through a graded ethanol series, cleared in xylene, and processed for embedding in paraffin wax with routine protocols. A microtome was used to cut 4 μm-thick sections that were subsequently stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. The degree of inflammation was evaluated on a scale from 0 to 5 by three different pathologists that had been blinded to the treatments. The scale was defined as follows: 0 = no inflammation, 1 = mild inflammation, 2 = mild/moderate inflammation, 3 = moderate inflammation, 4 = moderate/severe inflammation, and 5 = severe inflammation.
Bang J.S., Oh D.H., Choi H.M., Sur B.J., Lim S.J., Kim J.Y., Yang H.I., Yoo M.C., Hahm D.H, & Kim K.S. (2009). Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects of piperine in human interleukin 1β-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes and in rat arthritis models. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 11(2), R49.
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Publication 2009
Ankle Carrageenan Eosin Ethanol Formalin Inflammation Joints Microtomy Paraffin Pathologists Xylene
4
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of VBME in Mice
The anti-inflammatory activity was performed on mice of either sex (25–30g). The animals were randomly divided in five groups each of six animals [14 (link)]. Group I was treated with normal saline (10ml/kg), group II with diclofenac sodium (10mg/kg), rest of the groups were treated with VBME (100, 200, and 300mg/kg, i.p). After thirty minutes of the above intraperitoneal administration, carrageenan (1%, 0.05ml) was injected subcutaneously in the sub plantar tissue of the right hind paw of each mouse. The inflammation was measured using plethysmometer (LE 7500 plan lab S.L) immediately after injection of carrageenan and then 1,2,3,4 and 5h. The average foot swelling in drug treated animal as well as standard was compared with that of control and the percent inhibition (anti-inflammatory activity) of edema was determined using the formula.
Percent inhibition = A-B/A × 100, where A represent edema volume of control and B as paw edema of tested group.
Muhammad N., Saeed M, & Khan H. (2012). Antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Viola betonicifolia whole plant. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12, 59.
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Publication 2012
Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents Carrageenan Diclofenac Sodium Edema Foot Inflammation Injections, Intraperitoneal Mus Normal Saline Pharmaceutical Preparations Psychological Inhibition Tissues
5
Measuring Paw Inflammation and Brain Dissection
Paw inflammation was evaluated in all animals at 3 h following carrageenan injection by using calipers to measure dorsal-to-ventral paw thickness. Rats were euthanized by decapitation and brains removed, placed in Eppendorf tubes and flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen. After brains were frozen, they were quickly dissected and the striatum, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, midbrain and brainstem were placed in individual ependorph tubes, and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. Tissue samples were kept in a −80°C freezer until used for lipid extraction.
Raboune S., Stuart J.M., Leishman E., Takacs S.M., Rhodes B., Basnet A., Jameyfield E., McHugh D., Widlanski T, & Bradshaw H.B. (2014). Novel endogenous N-acyl amides activate TRPV1-4 receptors, BV-2 microglia, and are regulated in brain in an acute model of inflammation. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 8, 195.
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Publication 2014
Animals Brain Brain Stem Carrageenan Cerebellum Decapitation Freezing Inflammation Lipids Mesencephalon Nitrogen Rattus Seahorses Striatum, Corpus Thalamus Tissues

Most recents protocols related to «Carrageenan»

1
Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema Model

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Publication 2023
AC protocol Anti-Inflammatory Agents Carrageenan Diclofenac Inflammation Mus Normal Saline Saline Solution
2
Evaluating Analgesic Efficacy in Rat Pain Models
Each experiment was performed on a separate cohort of rats. For experiments
examining carrageenan effects using the Hargreaves and HET methods, data were
analysed separately for the left (carrageenan-treated) and right (control)
hindpaw. For experiments involving the remifentanil withdrawal pain model,
threshold values from both hindpaws of each rat were averaged, since this model
was previously shown to induce generalized mechanical
hypersensitivity.24 (link) Statistical analyses were
performed with GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, USA). For all experiments, a
two-way ANOVA was used to determine the significance of the session × treatment
interaction. Significant interactions were followed-up by Sidak’s multiple
comparisons tests, which were used to detect significant differences between
baseline and test sessions, and between conditions during the test session. In
experiments comparing the efficacy of morphine doses in alleviating the effects
of carrageenan treatment, the carrageenan effect was calculated as the
difference between baseline and test sessions for the carrageenan-treated
hindpaw. Effects sizes were calculated for the vehicle, 1 mg/kg, and 3 mg/kg
groups; since the 0.5 mg/kg group was similar to the vehicle group in all tests
(see Results), it was not included in this analysis. A one-way ANOVA, followed
by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, was used to compare between effect sizes
for each test (Hargreaves, RTPA, and HET) separately. All data are reported as
mean ± SEM, and p values <0.05 are considered statistically
significant.
Hogri R., Baltov B., Drdla-Schutting R., Mussetto V., Raphael H., Trofimova L, & Sandkühler J. (2023). Probing pain aversion in rats with the “Heat Escape Threshold” paradigm. Molecular Pain, 19, 17448069231156657.
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Publication 2023
Alteplase Carrageenan Morphine neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Pain prisma Remifentanil
3
Morphine's Analgesic Effects in Carrageenan-Induced Pain
In one set of experiments, the dose-dependent effects of systemic morphine on
different pain behaviours were examined in carrageenan-treated rats. Morphine
hydrochloride (Vendal, Gerot-Lannach, Austria) was diluted in 0.9% NaCl and
loaded into 1 mL syringes. Each rat received a single i.p. injection (1 mL/kg)
of either morphine (0.5, 1, or 3 mg/kg), or 0.9% NaCl as a vehicle control,
30 min before testing (2.5 h after intraplantar carrageenan injection), and was
included in one behavioural test.
Hogri R., Baltov B., Drdla-Schutting R., Mussetto V., Raphael H., Trofimova L, & Sandkühler J. (2023). Probing pain aversion in rats with the “Heat Escape Threshold” paradigm. Molecular Pain, 19, 17448069231156657.
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Publication 2023
Behavior Test Carrageenan Morphine Normal Saline Pain Syringes
4
Carrageenan-Induced Inflammatory Pain Model
Animals were placed in an anaesthesia induction chamber, and received isoflurane
anaesthesia (5% in 6 L/min O2) until loss of reflexive responses to
hindpaw pinch (∼90 s). For induction of inflammatory pain, an intraplantar
injection of carrageenan (0.5% w/v in 0.1 mL 0.9% NaCl) was delivered to the
left hindpaw, using a 24G needle. Control rats were anaesthetised as described
above, but not injected, in order to avoid inflammation related to mechanical
injury. Behavioural testing recommenced 3 h after recovery from anaesthesia.
Hogri R., Baltov B., Drdla-Schutting R., Mussetto V., Raphael H., Trofimova L, & Sandkühler J. (2023). Probing pain aversion in rats with the “Heat Escape Threshold” paradigm. Molecular Pain, 19, 17448069231156657.
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Publication 2023
Anesthesia Animals Carrageenan Inflammation Needles Normal Saline Pain Rattus
5
Carrageenan-induced Paw Edema Model
HP model was established by injecting 100 μL of 1 % carrageenan into the left plantar (first injection) and 25 μL of PGE 2 into the left dorsum of the foot (second injection) at seven days after the first injection. In the sham HP group of rats, the same volume of NS was given instead of Car.
Shi M., Zhou J., Hu R., Xu H., Chen Y., Wu X., Chen B, & Ma R. (2023). EA participates in pain transition through regulating KCC2 expression by BDNF-TrkB in the spinal cord dorsal horn of male rats. Neurobiology of Pain, 13, 100115.
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Publication 2023
Carrageenan Dinoprostone Foot Rattus norvegicus

Top products related to «Carrageenan»

1
Carrageenan by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, India, Italy, Japan, Brazil, Ireland, Sao Tome and Principe, Poland
Carrageenan is a stabilizing and thickening agent extracted from red seaweed. It is commonly used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries to improve the texture, stability, and viscosity of various products.
2
λ carrageenan by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France
λ-carrageenan is a type of polysaccharide that is extracted from certain species of red seaweed. It is commonly used as a gelling, thickening, and stabilizing agent in various laboratory and industrial applications. The core function of λ-carrageenan is to modify the rheological properties of aqueous solutions, enabling the creation of desired textures and consistencies.
3
Indomethacin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Brazil, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, China, India, Japan, Denmark, Australia, Macao, Spain, France, New Zealand, Poland, Singapore, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada, Argentina, Czechia, Hungary
Indomethacin is a laboratory reagent used in various research applications. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in inflammation and pain. Indomethacin can be used to study the role of prostaglandins in biological processes.
4
κ carrageenan by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Belgium
κ-carrageenan is a natural polysaccharide extracted from certain red seaweed species. It is a linear sulfated polysaccharide with a repeating disaccharide unit. κ-carrageenan is used as a gelling agent, thickener, and stabilizer in various laboratory applications.
5
Plethysmometer by Ugo Basile
Sourced in Italy
The Plethysmometer is a lab equipment used for measuring the volume changes of a subject's body part, such as a limb. It operates by recording the displacement of air or liquid in a closed chamber when the subject's body part is inserted into it.
6
Dexamethasone (dex) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Japan, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, Macao, France, Australia, Switzerland, Canada, Denmark, Spain, Israel, Belgium, Ireland, Morocco, Brazil, Netherlands, Sweden, New Zealand, Austria, Czechia, Senegal, Poland, India, Portugal
Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid medication used in a variety of medical applications. It is primarily used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant agent.
7
Acetic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, India, China, France, Spain, Switzerland, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Czechia, Brazil, Sweden, Belgium, Japan, Hungary, Mexico, Malaysia, Macao, Portugal, Netherlands, Finland, Romania, Thailand, Argentina, Singapore, Egypt, Austria, New Zealand, Bangladesh
Acetic acid is a colorless, vinegar-like liquid chemical compound. It is a commonly used laboratory reagent with the molecular formula CH3COOH. Acetic acid serves as a solvent, a pH adjuster, and a reactant in various chemical processes.
8
Tween 80 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain, Poland, China, Belgium, Brazil, Switzerland, Canada, Australia, Macao, Ireland, Chile, Pakistan, Japan, Denmark, Malaysia, Indonesia, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Bangladesh, Croatia, Mexico, Portugal, Austria, Puerto Rico, Czechia
Tween 80 is a non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier. It is a viscous, yellow liquid that is commonly used in laboratory settings to solubilize and stabilize various compounds and formulations.
9
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Macao, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Indonesia, Slovakia, Cameroon, Norway, Thailand, Chile, Finland, Malaysia, Latvia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Uruguay, Bangladesh
DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
10
Formalin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, France, Australia, Italy, Ireland, Canada, China, Macao, Japan, Brazil, Switzerland, Poland, Israel, Sao Tome and Principe
Formalin is a clear, colorless aqueous solution containing 37-40% formaldehyde. It is a fixative agent commonly used in histology and pathology laboratories to preserve biological samples for microscopic examination.

More about "Carrageenan"

Carrageenan, a versatile marine-derived polysaccharide, has gained considerable attention in the scientific community for its diverse biological properties and practical applications.
This natural thickening, stabilizing, and gelling agent, derived from red seaweeds, has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and prebiotic characteristics.
Researchers can leverage the power of AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai to optimize their Carrageenan research.
By identifying the best protocols from published literature, preprints, and patents, scientists can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their experiments.
This approach allows them to access the most effective Carrageenan products and procedures, ultimately advancing their understanding of this remarkable compound.
Carrageenan's biological activities are further enriched by its structural variants, such as λ-carrageenan and κ-carrageenan.
These subtypes exhibit unique functional properties and have been investigated for their potential therapeutic applications, particularly in the context of inflammatory conditions.
Researchers have explored the use of Carrageenan in conjunction with other compounds, such as Indomethacin, Dexamethasone, and Acetic acid, to unravel the complex mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects.
To assess the anti-inflammatory potential of Carrageenan, researchers have employed various experimental models, including the Plethysmometer technique, which measures changes in paw volume as an indicator of inflammation.
The use of solvents like Tween 80 and DMSO has also been reported in Carrageenan-based studies, facilitating the delivery and evaluation of Carrageenan's bioactivities.
By embracing the insights gained from the MeSH term description and the Metadescription, researchers can delve deeper into the world of Carrageenan and unlock its full potential.
The seamless integration of AI-driven research optimization tools, such as PubCompare.ai, can pave the way for groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in the field of Carrageenan science.
Experince the future of research optimization today.