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Citric Acid

Citric Acid: A ubiquitous organic acid found in citrus fruits and other plants.
It plays a vital role in the Krebs cycle, and has a wide range of applications in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and industrial sectors.
Discover how PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can optimize your citric acid research by easily locating protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and leverging AI-powered comparisons to identify the most accurate and reproducible protocols and products.
Enhance your citric acid research with PubCompare.ai's cutting-edge technology and take your work to new heights.

Most cited protocols related to «Citric Acid»

1
ELISA Protocol for Env Protein Binding
ELISAs were performed as described previously [33] (link), [72] (link), [73] (link), with minor modifications. Microlon 96-well plates (Greiner Bio-One, Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands) were coated overnight with Ab D7324 (Aalto Bioreagents, Dublin, Ireland) at 10 µg/ml in 0.1 M NaHCO3, pH 8.6 (100 µl/well). After washing and blocking steps, purified, D7324-tagged BG505 Env proteins were added at 100 ng/ml in TBS/10% FCS for 2 h. Unbound Env proteins were washed away, and TBS (150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris) plus 2% skimmed milk was added to further block non-specific protein-binding sites. Serially diluted MAbs or CD4-IgG2 in TBS/2% skimmed milk were then added for 2 h followed by 3 washes with TBS. In some cases, sCD4 (10 µg/ml) was added during the incubation with a test MAb. Horseradish peroxidase labeled goat-anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG) (Jackson Immunoresearch, Suffolk, England) was added for 60 min at a 1∶3000 dilution (final concentration 0.33 µg/ml) in TBS/2% skimmed milk, followed by 5 washes with TBS/0.05% Tween-20. Colorimetric detection was performed using a solution containing 1% 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (Sigma-Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands), 0.01% H2O2, 100 mM sodium acetate and 100 mM citric acid. Color development was stopped using 0.8 M H2SO4 when appropriate, and absorption was measured at 450 nm. In most experiments, SEC-purified BG505 gp120-D7324 or SOSIP.664-D7324 gp140 trimers (or sequence variants specified elsewhere) were used for the above assays. However, when specifically indicated, unpurified D7324-tagged BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140 (or mutants) were used instead.
Sanders R.W., Derking R., Cupo A., Julien J.P., Yasmeen A., de Val N., Kim H.J., Blattner C., de la Peña A.T., Korzun J., Golabek M., de los Reyes K., Ketas T.J., van Gils M.J., King C.R., Wilson I.A., Ward A.B., Klasse P.J, & Moore J.P. (2013). A Next-Generation Cleaved, Soluble HIV-1 Env Trimer, BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140, Expresses Multiple Epitopes for Broadly Neutralizing but Not Non-Neutralizing Antibodies. PLoS Pathogens, 9(9), e1003618.
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Publication 2013
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Bicarbonate, Sodium Biological Assay Cardiac Arrest CD4-IgG(2) Citric Acid Colorimetry Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Gene Products, env Genetic Diversity Goat GP 140 HIV Envelope Protein gp120 Homo sapiens Horseradish Peroxidase Microlon Milk, Cow's Peroxide, Hydrogen Sodium Acetate Sodium Chloride Technique, Dilution Tromethamine Tween 20
2
Nanowells for Membrane Protein Binding Studies
All lipids were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids. For binding of NeutrAvidin, 5% 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(cap biotinyl) was introduced. Vesicles were prepared by drying the lipids onto the interior of a flask for 30 min, followed by hydration in buffer and extrusion 11 times through 30 nm pores (1 bar). The I-BAR domain of IRSp53 was produced as described previously (Saarikangas et al., 2009 (link)). Standard chemicals for buffer preparation were from Sigma. NeutrAvidin was from ThermoFisher.
Nanowells were prepared as described previously (Junesch et al., 2012 (link), 2015 (link); Malekian et al., 2017 (link); Ferhan et al., 2018 (link)) using 107 nm polystyrene colloids on Nb2O5 and 158 nm on SiO2 (Microparticles). Nanowells in SiO2 were prepared on fused silica to enable direct etching of the solid support (Malekian et al., 2017 (link)). Nanowells in Nb2O5 were prepared on borosilicate glass (which cannot be easily etched) onto which Nb2O5 was first deposited by reactive sputter coating with O2 and Ar (Junesch et al., 2012 (link)) (Nordiko). A 20 nm thick SiO2 layer was deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (Surface Technology Systems). Recipes aiming for stochiometric SiO2 or Si3N4 were used.
For bilayer formation with negative lipids, a 20 mM citric acid buffer was used with 150 mM KCl at a pH of 4.8. IRSp53 binding was performed in a buffer with 20 mM tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and 150 mM NaCl with pH adjusted to 7.4 unless stated otherwise. The pH values were adjusted with concentrated HCl and NaOH.
The setup for extinction spectroscopy with high resolution and tracking of multiple resonance features has been described previously (Junesch et al., 2015 (link); Ferhan et al., 2018 (link)). Extinction is presented using the natural logarithm of the ratio between reference and measured intensities.
Emilsson G., Röder E., Malekian B., Xiong K., Manzi J., Tsai F.C., Cho N.J., Bally M, & Dahlin A. (2019). Nanoplasmonic Sensor Detects Preferential Binding of IRSp53 to Negative Membrane Curvature. Frontiers in Chemistry, 7, 1.
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Publication 2019
BAIAP2 protein, human Buffers Cell-Derived Microparticles Citric Acid Colloids dioleoyl cephalin Extinction, Psychological Lipid A Lipids Lipogenesis methylamine neutravidin niobium pentoxide NM-107 Plasma Polystyrenes Silicon Dioxide silicon nitride Sodium Chloride Spectrum Analysis Standard Preparations Tromethamine Vibration
3
Kappa-Selenocarrageenan Induces Apoptosis
Cells were trypsinized (0.25% trypsin) 24 h after kappa-selenocarrageenan was applied to the sample. Single-cell suspensions (2×106 cells) were extracted and washed using phosphate-buffered saline. Samples were fixed using 70% alcohol at −20°C overnight. Lysis buffer (0.2 M Na2HPO4, 0.1 M citric acid, 0.1% Triton X-100 pH 7.8) was added to the samples and was incubated at room temperature for 45 min. Next, the cells were digested with 50 μg/ml RNase for 10 min. Cells were stained with PI (50 μg/ml) for 30 min (PI, Sigma, St. Louis, MO). The samples were analyzed using a flow cytometer (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ). The cells with DNA content less than that of cells at the G1 phase were identified as apoptotic cells. Also, flow cytometry analysis was repeated at least 3 times.
Liu K., Liu P.C., Liu R, & Wu X. (2015). Dual AO/EB Staining to Detect Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Cells Compared with Flow Cytometry. Medical Science Monitor Basic Research, 21, 15-20.
Publication 2015
Apoptosis Buffers Cells Citric Acid Endoribonucleases Ethanol Flow Cytometry G1 Phase kappa-selenocarrageenan Phosphates Saline Solution Triton X-100 Trypsin
4
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mouse Brain
Paraffin-fixed (1–2 µm) consecutive sections of mouse brains were deparaffinized by serial submersion in Xylene (3×5min), 100% ethanol (3×2min), 96% ethanol (3×3min) 70% ethanol (3min), distilled H2O and PBS. They were then submerged in citrate buffer (1.8mM Citric acid and 8.2mM Sodium citrate, pH = 10.6) and subjected to high pressure for 10min using a steam cooker. Samples were then allowed to cool down for 10min and then washed in PBS. They were then incubated for 10min in 3% H2O2 (in PBS) and washed in PBS. Slides were blocked for 1hr at room temperature (RT) with TNB buffer (0.10M Tris-HCl, 0.15M NaCl, pH = 7.5 with blocking reagent, Perkin Elmer) and then incubated at 4°C overnight with purified POM antibodies (2mg/ml, stock solutions) diluted 1∶500 on TNB. The next day, slides were washed with PBS and then incubated with an HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody (Zymed) (1∶100 of 1mg/ml stock solution in TNB). After washing, slides were stained with a chromogenic HRP substrate AEC (DAKO) for approximately 20min at RT. Nuclear stain was performed with hematoxylin.
Polymenidou M., Moos R., Scott M., Sigurdson C., Shi Y.Z., Yajima B., Hafner-Bratkovič I., Jerala R., Hornemann S., Wuthrich K., Bellon A., Vey M., Garen G., James M.N., Kav N, & Aguzzi A. (2008). The POM Monoclonals: A Comprehensive Set of Antibodies to Non-Overlapping Prion Protein Epitopes. PLoS ONE, 3(12), e3872.
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Publication 2008
anti-IgG Antibodies Brain Buffers Chromogenic Substrates Citrates Citric Acid Ethanol Hematoxylin Immunoglobulins Mice, House Paraffin Peroxide, Hydrogen Pressure Sodium Chloride Sodium Citrate Stains Steam Submersion Tromethamine Xylene
5
Reconstitution of CLC-ec1 chloride channel
Chemicals and other materials were of reagent quality. Expression, His-tag cleavage, purification, and liposome reconstitution of CLC-ec1, the product of Escherichia coli gene clcA (accession P37019), were performed as previously described (Accardi et al., 2004 (link)), except that for samples used in liposome fluxes, the final purification step was gel filtration on Superdex 200 rather than anion exchange chromatography on Poros HQ, which was used exclusively for planar lipid bilayer experiments. All preparations (typically 1–10 mg/ml in 5–20 mM decylmaltoside) were checked by overloaded SDS-PAGE to be free of His-tagged and other contaminating bands. Point mutants were constructed by conventional PCR methods and were fully sequenced. All mutants reported expressed well (1–3 mg/liter culture) and gave gel filtration profiles identical to the wild-type homodimer.
Liposomes were formed within 1 d of protein preparation by 30-h dialysis of micellar solutions containing E. coli polar lipid (Avanti, 20 mg/ml), detergent (Chaps, 35 mM), and protein (0.03–50 μg/mg lipid). Protein concentration is reported throughout as protein/lipid weight ratio, denoted “protein density.” Liposomes used for planar bilayer recording were prepared at a protein density of 50 μg/mg in 450 mM KCl, 25 mM KH2PO4, 22.5 mM K3-citrate, 2.5 mM citric acid, pH 7.5. Liposomes used for flux measurements were formed with protein at 0.03–5 μg/mg, 300 mM KCl, and buffered with 25 mM citrate for Cl− flux experiments or 25 mM citrate/ 25 mM phosphate (CPi) for H+ flux experiments, adjusted with NaOH to the desired pH in the range 4.5–5.5. (Some experiments used 75 mM glutamate as buffer, with similar results.) After dialysis, liposomes were stored in aliquots at −80°C until the day of use.
Walden M., Accardi A., Wu F., Xu C., Williams C, & Miller C. (2007). Uncoupling and Turnover in a Cl−/H+ Exchange Transporter. The Journal of General Physiology, 129(4), 317-329.
Publication 2007
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate Anions Buffers Chromatography Citrates Citric Acid Cytokinesis Detergents Dialysis Dialysis Solutions Escherichia coli Gel Chromatography Glutamates Lipid Bilayers Lipids Liposomes Micelles Phosphates Proteins SDS-PAGE Staphylococcal Protein A

Most recents protocols related to «Citric Acid»

1
Migraine Alleviation with Mineral Blend
Not available on PMC !

Example 4

A male 58-year-old subject suffering from a migraine ingested a capsule comprising 1000 mg citric acid and a capsule comprising 1200 mg KNO3, 200 mg elemental magnesium, and 50 mg elemental zinc. Within 5 minutes of ingesting both capsules, the subject saw alleviation of migraine symptoms. 30 minutes after ingesting the capsules, the subject reported that the migraine symptoms had disappeared.

US11865139B2. Method of treating migraines and headaches (2024-01-09). ThermoLife International, LLC [US]. Inventors: Ronald Kramer [US], Alexandros Nikolaidis [GR].
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Patent 2024
Capsule Citric Acid Headache Magnesium Males Migraine Disorders Zinc
2
Exemplary Liquisoft Capsule Compositions
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

Exemplary capsule shell and matrix compositions useful for producing Liquisoft capsules as described herein are shown in Table 4. Composition components are set forth by weight percentage of the total weight of the composition. Such compositions may be encapsulated using rotary die encapsulation as described herein.

Formulas 1 and 2 were the first shell formulations developed to achieve faster disintegration time and prevent crosslinking of the gelatin shell with matrix fill components.

TABLE 4
Exemplary Liquisoft Composition
Capsule Shell Formulation
ComponentFormula 1Formula 2
Gelatin, 250 Bloom24.3—
Gelatin, 150 Bloom—29.2
Gelatin, 100 Bloom 4.9—
Gelatin Hydrolysate——
Hydrolyzed Collagen——
Powdered Cellulose 1.9—
Maltitol—25.7
Glycerol32.019.1
Xylitol 4.8—
Sucralose——
Citric Acid— 0.5
Flavors— 0.5
Water32.325.0
TOTAL100%100%
VISCOSITY—3497 cP

US11872307B2. Liquisoft capsules (2024-01-16). PATHEON SOFTGELS INC. [US]. Inventors: YinYan Zhao [US], Yunhua Hu [US], Mervin Williams, Jr. [US], Tatyana Dyakonov [US], Saujanya Gosangari [US], Chue Yang [US], Henricus Marinus Gerardus Maria Van Duijnhoven [NL], Martin Piest [NL], Aqeel A. Fatmi [US].
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Patent 2024
Capsule Cellulose Citric Acid Collagen Type I Flavor Enhancers Gelatins Glycerin maltitol sucralose Viscosity Xylitol
3
Topical Combination Therapy for Skin Condition
Not available on PMC !

Example 10

30 mg of 6-phenoxyacetacetamidopenicillanic acid 2-dimethylaminoethyl ester hydrochloride, 30 mg of diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate hydrochloride, 30 mg of (RS)—N-[1-(1-benzothien-2-yl)ethyl]-N-(2-diethylaminoacetyloxyl)urea hydrochloride (an example of a HPP of zileuton), 15 mg of sildenafil citrate (an example of a compound having structure PDE5-I-1, wherein HA is citric acid), and 30 mg of isopropyl(±)-4-[1-hydroxy-4-[4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-butyl]-α,α-dimethyl benzeneacetate hydrochloride (an example of a HPP of fexofenadine) in 0.5 ml of 25% ethanol was applied to the skin on the thorax of a subject every morning and evening (twice per day) until the condition was alleviated. Then 30 mg of diethylaminoethyl acetylsalicylate hydrochloride in 0.5 ml of water was applied to the skin on the thorax of a subject every morning and evening (twice per day) to prevent the recurrence of the condition.

US11857545B2. High penetration prodrug compositions and pharmaceutical composition thereof for treatment of pulmonary conditions (2024-01-02). TECHFIELDS PHARMA CO., LTD. [CN]. Inventors: Chongxi Yu [US], Lina Xu [CN].
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Patent 2024
Acids Asthma Chest Citric Acid Edan Esters Ethanol fexofenadine Lung Diseases magnesium citrate Recurrence Sildenafil Sildenafil Citrate Skin Urea zileuton
4
Ticagrelor Oral Film Formulation
Not available on PMC !

EXAMPLE 7

IngredientsAmount
Ticagrelor (mg)70
Pectin(mg)200
Mannitol(mg)100
Carbopol(mg)300
Citric acid (mg)100
L-Lysine (mg)40
Purified water (ml)q.s. to 250 μl

Ticagrelor and pullulan were accurately weighed and dissolved in distilled water. This solution was mixed well followed by the addition of plasticizers and superdisintegrant. Then the resultant homogeneous solution was poured into a Petri dish (diameter 6 cm) and dried in an oven at 600 C for 24 h. The film was carefully removed from the Petri dish and cut into desired size (2×2 cm2).

US11878016B2. Methods and products for treating subjects with autism spectrum disorders (2024-01-23). NEURIM PHARMACEUTICALS (1991) LTD. [IL]. Inventors: Nava Zisapel [IL], Moshe Laudon [IL].
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Patent 2024
Autism Spectrum Disorders Carbopol Citric Acid Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Lysine Mannitol Methoxypectin Plasticizers pullulan Ticagrelor
5
PGA Production via Compartmentalized Cultures
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

PGA Production via Compartmentalized Sequential Cultures of A. niger NRRL 599 and PGA Producing Bacillus sp. NRRL 14202O

PGA Producing Bacillus sp. NRRL 14202O was cultivated at bench scale on solid and liquid media prepared from supernatant (cell-free culture broth) from citric acid producing A. niger cultures grown on sucrose media (see scheme in FIG. 4A illustrating the solid media experiment).

US11859230B2. Compositions and methods for microbial co-culture (2024-01-02). The Regents of the University of Michigan [US]. Inventors: Jeremy Minty [US], Marc E. Singer [US], Xiaoxia Lin [US], David Boyer [US].
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Patent 2024
Bacillus Cell Culture Techniques Citric Acid Coculture Techniques Sucrose

Top products related to «Citric Acid»

1
Citric acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, China, India, France, Spain, Canada, Switzerland, Brazil, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Australia, Macao, Austria, Norway, Belgium, Sweden, Mexico, Greece, Cameroon, Bulgaria, Portugal, Indonesia, Ireland
Citric acid is a commonly used chemical compound in laboratory settings. It is a weak organic acid that can be found naturally in citrus fruits. Citric acid has a wide range of applications in various laboratory procedures and analyses.
2
Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, India, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Spain, France, Australia, Canada, Poland, Switzerland, Singapore, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Sweden, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Macao, Chile, Japan, Hungary, Malaysia, Denmark, Portugal, Indonesia, Netherlands, Czechia, Finland, Austria, Romania, Pakistan, Cameroon, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Norway, Colombia, New Zealand, Lithuania
Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
3
Streptozotocin (stz) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Sao Tome and Principe, United Kingdom, India, Japan, Macao, Canada, France, Italy, Switzerland, Egypt, Poland, Hungary, Denmark, Indonesia, Singapore, Sweden, Belgium, Malaysia, Israel, Spain, Czechia
STZ is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is designed for use in scientific research and experiments. The core function of STZ is to serve as a tool for carrying out specific tasks or procedures in a laboratory setting. No further details or interpretation of its intended use are provided.
4
Hydrochloric acid (hcl) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, India, Italy, France, Spain, Australia, China, Poland, Switzerland, Canada, Ireland, Japan, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Malaysia, Brazil, Hungary, Chile, Belgium, Denmark, Macao, Mexico, Sweden, Indonesia, Romania, Czechia, Egypt, Austria, Portugal, Netherlands, Greece, Panama, Kenya, Finland, Israel, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Norway
Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
5
Methanol by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, India, United Kingdom, China, France, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, Ireland, Japan, Belgium, Portugal, Singapore, Macao, Malaysia, Czechia, Mexico, Indonesia, Chile, Denmark, Sweden, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Finland, Hungary, Austria, Israel, Norway, Egypt, Argentina, Greece, Kenya, Thailand, Pakistan
Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
6
Acetic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, India, China, France, Spain, Switzerland, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Czechia, Brazil, Sweden, Belgium, Japan, Hungary, Mexico, Malaysia, Macao, Portugal, Netherlands, Finland, Romania, Thailand, Argentina, Singapore, Egypt, Austria, New Zealand, Bangladesh
Acetic acid is a colorless, vinegar-like liquid chemical compound. It is a commonly used laboratory reagent with the molecular formula CH3COOH. Acetic acid serves as a solvent, a pH adjuster, and a reactant in various chemical processes.
7
Sodium chloride (nacl) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, France, Spain, China, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Poland, Belgium, Australia, Switzerland, Macao, Denmark, Ireland, Brazil, Japan, Hungary, Sweden, Netherlands, Czechia, Portugal, Israel, Singapore, Norway, Cameroon, Malaysia, Greece, Austria, Chile, Indonesia
NaCl is a chemical compound commonly known as sodium chloride. It is a white, crystalline solid that is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceutical and laboratory settings. NaCl's core function is to serve as a basic, inorganic salt that can be used for a variety of applications in the lab environment.
8
Citric acid by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, India, France
Citric acid is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a weak organic acid with the chemical formula C₆H₈O₇. Citric acid is commonly used as a pH regulator, buffer, and chelating agent in laboratory settings.
9
Citric acid by Sinopharm
Sourced in China
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is produced commercially by the fermentation of carbohydrates. It is widely used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries as a flavoring agent, preservative, and pH regulator.
10
Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Japan, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Macao, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, India, Israel, Belgium, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Hungary, Netherlands, Czechia, Brazil, Austria, Singapore, Portugal, Panama, Chile, Senegal, Morocco, Slovenia, New Zealand, Finland, Thailand, Uruguay, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Romania, Greece, Mexico
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.

More about "Citric Acid"

Citric acid, also known as 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, is a ubiquitous organic compound found in a variety of fruits, particularly citrus fruits like lemons, limes, and oranges.
This versatile molecule plays a vital role in the Krebs cycle, a key metabolic pathway in living organisms.
Citric acid has a wide range of applications in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and industrial sectors, owing to its unique properties.
In the food industry, citric acid is commonly used as a flavoring agent, preservative, and pH regulator, contributing to the tangy, sour taste of many products.
It is also a key ingredient in the production of carbonated beverages, where it enhances the fizzy sensation.
Pharmaceutically, citric acid is employed in the formulation of various drugs, serving as an excipient, antioxidant, and pH modifier.
Beyond its biological and commercial applications, citric acid has a strong chemical presence.
It can be used in conjunction with other compounds, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), to create buffers or for pH adjustment.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and methanol are also commonly associated with citric acid, as they may be used in its extraction or purification processes.
Acetic acid and sodium chloride (NaCl) may also come into play in citric acid-related research and development.
Researchers exploring citric acid-related topics can greatly benefit from the AI-driven platform PubCompare.ai, which can optimize their research by easily locating relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
This cutting-edge technology leverages AI-powered comparisons to identify the most accurate and reproducible protocols and products, enhancing the efficiency and precision of citric acid-focused investigations.