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Fatty Acids, Esterified

Q: What are esterified fatty acids and what is their importance?

Esterified fatty acids are a class of organic compounds consisting of long-chain carboxylic acids joined to alcohol groups through ester linkages. These compounds play a vital role in various biological processes and are commonly found in fats, oils, and other lipid-rich substances. They are essential for cellular function, energy storage, and signaling pathways.

Q: What are some common types or variations of esterified fatty acids?

Esterified fatty acids can exist in different forms, such as triglycerides (three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone), phospholipids (fatty acids linked to a phosphate group), and cholesterol esters (fatty acids attached to cholesterol). Each type has unique properties and functions within the body.

Fatty Acids, Esterified: A class of organic compounds consisting of long-chain carboxylic acids joined to alcohol groups through ester linkages.
These compounds play a vital role in various biological processes and are commonly found in fats, oils, and other lipid-rich substances.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers optimize their protocols and enhance reproducibility in the field of Esterified Fatty Acids, enabling them to easily locate and compare protocols from literature, pre-prnnts, and patents, while identifying the best protocols and products to improve their research outcomes.

Most cited protocols related to «Fatty Acids, Esterified»

Comprehensive Fatty Acid Profiling in Cells

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Publication 2011

Cells Discrimination, Psychology Fatty Acids Fatty Acids, Esterified Homo sapiens Nonesterified Fatty Acids Plasma Retention (Psychology) Tissues Vision

Mitochondrial Function in Hypothalamic Neurons

Detailed methodology can be found in the Supplementary Information. In short, tissue preparation, immunocytochemistry, synaptosomal respiration, Real-time PCR, quantitative and qualitative electron microscopic analyses of mitochondria and synapse number, electrophysiology and feeding behaviour analyses were performed as previously described^{1 (link)–3 (link),9 (link),23 (link),36 (link),39 (link)}.
The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured in isolated synaptosomal mitochondrial fractions from the hypothalamus using ΔΨ_m-sensitive TMRE and fluorescent spectrofluorophotometry. Non-esterified fatty acids were measured in plasma using a colorimetric non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) kit (Wako) following the manufacturer’s instructions. LCFA CoAs were measured by mass spectroscopy.
ROS production was quantified using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF) in mitochondrial fractions and using DHE in fixed tissue.

Andrews Z.B., Liu Z.W., Walllingford N., Erion D.M., Borok E., Friedman J.M., Tschöp M.H., Shanabrough M., Cline G., Shulman G.I., Coppola A., Gao X.B., Horvath T.L, & Diano S. (2008). UCP2 mediates ghrelin's action on NPY/AgRP neurons by lowering free radicals. Nature, 454(7206), 846-851.

Publication 2008

Cell Respiration Colorimetry Electron Microscopy Fatty Acids, Esterified Feeding Behaviors Hypothalamus Immunocytochemistry Mass Spectrometry Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial Mitochondria Plasma Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Synapses Synaptosomes Tissues

Quantification of Plasma Fatty Acids and Urinary Organic Acids

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Publication 2009

acetyl chloride Acids austin Capillaries Electrons Esters ethyl acetate Fatty Acids Fatty Acids, Esterified Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Isotopes Ketogenic Diet Methanol methyl iodide Plasma Serum Solid Phase Extraction Technique, Dilution trifluoroacetamide Urinalysis

Glycogen and Triglyceride Quantification in Larvae

Whole larvae were weighed and then homogenized in PBS for glycogen assays. Five larvae were homogenized in 50 μl PBS and then 5 μl of the homogenate was incubated with 5 μl of starch assay reagent containing amyloglucosidase (Sigma S9144) at 60°C for 15 minutes. 2 μl of this reaction was assayed for glucose using 98 μl of the Infinity reagent as above. Homogenates without amyloglucosidase were run in parallel to subtract free glucose and NADH.
For TAG, six to ten animals were homogenized in PBS + 0.1% Tween and heated for 5 minutes at 65°C to inactivate lipases. 2 μl of this homogenate was mixed with 198 μl of Thermo Infinity Triglyceride Reagent and analyzed as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Non-esterified fatty acids were extracted with chloroform and methanol (Marshall et al., 1999 (link)), and analyzed as per the manufacturers’ instructions [NEFA-HR(2), Wako Chemicals, Richmond, VA].

Musselman L.P., Fink J.L., Narzinski K., Ramachandran P.V., Hathiramani S.S., Cagan R.L, & Baranski T.J. (2011). A high-sugar diet produces obesity and insulin resistance in wild-type Drosophila. Disease Models & Mechanisms, 4(6), 842-849.

Publication 2011

Animals Chloroform Fatty Acids, Esterified Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase Glucose Glycogen Larva Lipase Methanol NADH Nonesterified Fatty Acids Starch Triglycerides Tweens

Metabolomic Profiling of Amino Acids, Organic Acids, and Lipids

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Publication 2016

3-Hydroxybutyrate Acids acylcarnitine Acyl Coenzyme A Amino Acids BLOOD Capillaries Cholesterol Diagnosis Electrons Fatty Acids, Esterified Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Glycerin Isoleucine Isotopes Keto Acids Ketogenic Diet Ketones Lactates Leucine Liver Muscle, Gastrocnemius Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique, Dilution Triglycerides Valine

Most recents protocols related to «Fatty Acids, Esterified»

Blood Biomarker Profiling in Mice

Mice at the fed state or fasted for 12 h were sacrificed, and whole blood was collected from retrobulbar venous plexus and centrifuged for 10 min at 12,000 × g to obtain plasma. Plasma glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and total triglycerides were measured using commercial kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China). ELISA kits (Sinoukbio, Beijing, China) were used to measure plasma insulin, C-peptide, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), leptin, IL (interleukin) 4, IL6, IL10, resistin, interferon γ (IFNγ) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1) following the manufacturer’s instruction.

Zhang X., Wang L., Wang Y., He L., Xu D., Yan E., Guo J., Ma C., Zhang P, & Yin J. (2023). Lack of adipocyte IP3R1 reduces diet-induced obesity and greatly improves whole-body glucose homeostasis. Cell Death Discovery, 9, 87.

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Publication 2023

BLOOD C-Peptide Cholesterol Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fatty Acids, Esterified Glucose High Density Lipoproteins IL10 protein, human Insulin Interferon Type II Interleukin-4 Leptin Low-Density Lipoproteins Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Mus Plasma RETN protein, human Triglycerides Veins Very Low Density Lipoprotein

Comprehensive Bovine Metabolite Profiling

Blood was collected via the coccygeal vein using lithium–heparin vacutainer tubes (BD Vacutainer, BD and CO., Franklin Lakes, NJ) in the morning before feeding on d 1, 30, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, and 69 of the study. Tubes were placed on ice and transported to the laboratory. For plasma, tubes were centrifuged at 2,500 × g at 4 °C for 15 min. Samples were then aliquoted into microcentrifuge tubes and stored at −80 °C until analysis. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total plasma reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, paraoxonase (PON) activity, and magnesium (Mg) were analyzed as described previously (Trevisi et al., 2013 (link)). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured as described by Bionaz et al. (2007) (link). In addition, blood samples collected on d 1, 30, 64, 66, and 68 were used to analyze monocyte and neutrophil oxidative burst activity and phagocytosis capacity via a flow cytometry-based assay as described previously by Zhou et al. (2018) (link).

Coleman D.N., Jiang Q., Lopes M.G., Ritt L., Liang Y., Aboragah A., Trevisi E., Yoon I, & Loor J.J. (2023). Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product before and during a feed restriction challenge on milk production, plasma biomarkers, and immune function in Holstein cows. Journal of Animal Science, 101, skad019.

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Publication 2023

arylesterase Aspartate Transaminase Bilirubin Biological Assay BLOOD Ceruloplasmin Cholesterol Coccyx Creatinine Fatty Acids, Esterified Flow Cytometry gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Glucose Haptoglobins Heparin Hydroxybutyrates Lithium Magnesium Monocytes Neutrophil Oxygen Peroxidase Phagocytosis Plasma Respiratory Burst Urea Veins

Metabolite Profiling of Liver and Plasma

For metabolite levels assessment, liver samples were homogenized and deproteinized by ultrasonic disruption in 7.5 vols of ice-cooled 0.6 M perchloric acid and neutralized with 1 M potassium bicarbonate. The homogenate was centrifuged at 10,000 g for 4.5 min at 4 °C, and the supernatant was used to assess tissue metabolite levels. Similarly, plasma samples were also deproteinized (0.6 M perchloric acid), neutralized (1 M potassium bicarbonate), and supernatant was collected after being centrifuged at 13,500 g for 4.5 min at 4 °C. Glucose, lactate, triglycerides (TAG), total cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels were determined enzymatically using commercial kits (1001190, 1001330, 1001313 and 1001090, Spinreact, Spain, and 434–91795 NEFA-HR (2) R1, and 436–91995 NEFA-HR (2) R2, Wako Chemicals, Germany, respectively), adapting manufacturer’s instructions to a microplate format. Total α-amino acid levels were assessed through the colorimetric ninhydrin method (Moore, 1968 (link)), with alanine as standard. Liver glycogen level was assessed using the Keppler and Decker (1974) method.

Basto A., Valente L.M., Sousa V., Conde-Sieira M, & Soengas J.L. (2023). Total fishmeal replacement by defatted Tenebrio molitor larvae meal induces alterations in intermediary metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Journal of Animal Science, 101, skad040.

Publication 2023

Alanine Amino Acids Cholesterol Colorimetry Fatty Acids, Esterified Glucose Lactates Liver Liver Glycogen Ninhydrin Perchloric Acid Plasma potassium bicarbonate Tissues Triglycerides Ultrasonics

Serum Biomarkers in Fasting Individuals

Patients fasted for at least eight hours and 3 ml of venous blood was drawn from the elbow in the morning. Specimens were centrifuged with 3500 g for 5 min at least to isolate serum before experiment.
GDF-15 concentrations were determined by ELISA kit (R&D Systems, USA) by the color change of streptavidin-HRP, hydrogen peroxide and tetramethylaniline. The range of values detected by this assay was 0.78–50 pg/dL with intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation 5% and 3%, respectively. Creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), urea(Urea),fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile parameters and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were measured in serum by Advia 2400 (Siemens, Germany). Measurements were made by operators blinded to the patient’s condition.

Cheng J., Lyu Y., Mei Y., Chen Q., Liu H, & Li Y. (2023). Serum growth differentiation factor-15 and non-esterified fatty acid levels in patients with coronary artery disease and hyperuricemia. Lipids in Health and Disease, 22, 31.

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Publication 2023

Biological Assay Creatinine Elbow Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fatty Acids, Esterified Glucose Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Lipids Patients Peroxide, Hydrogen Plasma Serum Streptavidin Urea Uric Acid Veins

Fatty Acid Profiling of Piezo1-Deficient Cells

Control and PUFA-treated Piezo1^–/– N2A cells (2–4 ×10⁶ cells), as well as mouse DRGs dissected from mice fed with a standard or LA-enriched diet, were rinsed with PBS three times and flash-frozen in liquid N₂. Total and free fatty acids were extracted and quantified at the Lipidomics Core Facility at Wayne State University. Membrane (i.e., esterified) fatty acids were determined by subtracting free fatty acids from total fatty acids and normalized by cell density or total protein.

Romero L.O., Caires R., Kaitlyn Victor A., Ramirez J., Sierra-Valdez F.J., Walsh P., Truong V., Lee J., Mayor U., Reiter L.T., Vásquez V, & Cordero-Morales J.F. (2023). Linoleic acid improves PIEZO2 dysfunction in a mouse model of Angelman Syndrome. Nature Communications, 14, 1167.

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Publication 2023

Cells Diet Fatty Acids Fatty Acids, Esterified Freezing Mus Nonesterified Fatty Acids Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Proteins Tissue, Membrane

Top products related to «Fatty Acids, Esterified»

Nefa c test by Fujifilm

Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany

The NEFA C-test is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Fujifilm. It is designed to measure the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in biological samples. The NEFA C-test provides a quantitative analysis of NEFA levels, which is a key indicator of lipid metabolism and can be useful in various medical and research applications.

Nefa c kit by Fujifilm

Sourced in Germany, Japan, United States, Holy See (Vatican City State), France

The NEFA C kit is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Fujifilm. It is designed for the quantitative determination of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in biological samples. The kit provides the necessary reagents and protocols to perform this analysis.

Triglyceride e test by Fujifilm

Sourced in Japan, United States

The Triglyceride E-test is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Fujifilm. It is used to measure the concentration of triglycerides, a type of fat, in a sample. The core function of this equipment is to provide accurate and reliable triglyceride measurement results for clinical and research applications.

Nefa hr 2 by Fujifilm

Sourced in Germany, Japan, United States

NEFA-HR(2) is a lab equipment product from Fujifilm designed for the quantitative determination of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in biological samples. It provides a reliable and efficient method to measure NEFA levels.

Ultra sensitive mouse insulin elisa kit by Crystal Chem

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The Ultra Sensitive Mouse Insulin ELISA Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the quantitative detection of mouse insulin in biological samples. It utilizes the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique to provide a sensitive and accurate measurement of insulin levels.

Nefa c by Fujifilm

Sourced in Japan, Germany, United States

NEFA C is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Fujifilm. It is designed to measure non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels in biological samples. The device utilizes an enzymatic colorimetric method to quantify NEFA concentrations.

Nefa kit by Fujifilm

Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany

The NEFA kit is a laboratory product manufactured by Fujifilm that is used to measure non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in biological samples. The kit provides the necessary reagents and protocols to quantify NEFA levels, which is a common analytical procedure in various research and clinical settings.

Non esterified fatty acid by Fujifilm

Sourced in Japan, United States, Spain, Germany

Non-esterified fatty acids are a class of lipid molecules that are not bound to other molecules. They play a crucial role in various biological processes and are commonly used in laboratory equipment and analyses.

Glucose cii test by Fujifilm

Sourced in Japan

The Glucose CII-test is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Fujifilm. It is designed to determine the concentration of glucose in a sample using a colorimetric method. The core function of the Glucose CII-test is to accurately measure glucose levels for diagnostic and research purposes.

What are esterified fatty acids and what is their importance?

What are some common types or variations of esterified fatty acids?

What are some common applications of esterified fatty acids?

Esterified fatty acids have a wide range of applications, including: 1. Nutrition: Triglycerides are the main form of dietary fat and provide a source of energy for the body. 2. Membrane structure: Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes, maintaining their integrity and fluidity. 3. Signaling: Certain esterified fatty acids act as signaling molecules, regulating cellular processes and immune function. 4. Diagnosis and treatment: Alterations in esterified fatty acid profiles can be used as biomarkers for various health conditions, and certain esters may have therapeutic potential.

What challenges might researchers face when working with esterified fatty acids?

Researchers working with esterified fatty acids may encounter several challenges, such as: 1. Accurate quantification: Precisely measuring and differentiating between various esterified fatty acid species can be technically demanding. 2. Extraction and purification: Isolating specific esterified fatty acids from complex biological samples can be time-consuming and require specialized techniques. 3. Stability and degradation: Some esterified fatty acids may be susceptible to oxidation or hydrolysis, which can impact experimental results.

How can PubCompare.ai help researchers optimize their research on esterified fatty acids?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platfrom can assist researchers working with esterified fatty acids in several ways: 1. Efficient literature screening: The platform allows you to quickly and effeciently screen protocol literature to identify the most relevant studies and techniques. 2. Pinpointing critical insights: PubCompare.ai's AI-driven analysis can help you identify key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy. 3. Optimizing research outcomes: By leveraging the platform's capabilities, you can improve your research outcomes and enhance the overall quality of your work on esterified fatty acids.

More about "Fatty Acids, Esterified"

Esterified Fatty Acids, Ester-linked Fatty Acids, NEFA C, NEFA kit, Non-esterified Fatty Acids, Glucose CII-test