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Gibberellins

Gibberellins are a class of plant hormones that play a crucial role in regulating growth and development.
These tetracylic diterpenoid compounds are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, such as seed germination, stem elongation, leaf expansion, and flower initiation.
Gibberellins act by binding to specific receptor proteins, triggering signaling cascades that ultimately influence gene expression and cellular responses.
Researchers studying gibberellin biology can leveraghe the PubCompare.ai tool to streamline their workflow, accessing the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and utilizing AI-driven comparisons to enhance accuracy and reproducibility in their experiments.

Most cited protocols related to «Gibberellins»

1
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Saccharum
Two wild type Saccharum species, Molokai6081 (S. robustum, SR 2n = 8× = 80), and SES208 (S. spontaneum, SS, 2n = 8× = 64), one cultivated species, LA Purple (S. officinarum, SO, 2n = 8× = 80), and one hybrid cultivar ROC-22 (SH 2n = 8× = 100–130) were used in this study [43 (link)]. Plants were grown in the field on the campus of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University (Fuzhou, China) in the February of 2015. Tissue samples from leaf roll, leaf, top internode (i.e., internode number 3), maturing internode (i.e., internode number 9 for ‘LA Purple and Roc-22, internode number 8 for Molokai6081, and internode number 6 for SES208) and mature internode (i.e., internode number 15 for ‘LA Purple’ and Roc-22), internode number 13 for Molokai6081, internode number 9 for SES208) were collected from premature 7-month-old sugarcane plants and 11-month-old mature sugarcane plants from different branches of the same individuals (as replicates). Internodes were numbered from the top, as previously described [44 (link)], and the corresponding internode number for the different Saccharum species, due to the variation in number of stems, was also established according to the previously described approach [45 (link)].
The plants for PEG and hormone treatment were grown in a growth chamber at 30 °C, 70% RH, and a 14 h:10 h L:D photoperiod. Seedlings were treated with PEG6000 (30%) for 48 h, and the leaf tissue was collected for RNA isolation. Seedlings were treated with gibberellin (GA,200 μM), abscisic acid(ABA, 200 μM), indole-3-acetic acid(IAA, 200 μM), or ethephon (Et, 200 μM) for 24, 48, and 96 h. Stem and leaf tissues from the seedlings of the four sugarcane species were collected from 35-day-old plants. Harvested tissue was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C prior to RNA isolation.
Chen Y., Zhang Q., Hu W., Zhang X., Wang L., Hua X., Yu Q., Ming R, & Zhang J. (2017). Evolution and expression of the fructokinase gene family in Saccharum. BMC Genomics, 18, 197.
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Publication 2017
Abscisic Acid ethephon Freezing Gibberellins Hormones Hybrids indoleacetic acid isolation Nitrogen Plant Leaves Plants Polyethylene Glycol 6000 Premature Birth Saccharum Seedlings Stem, Plant Tissues Tissue Specificity
2
Pennycress Seed Germination and Flowering
Pennycress seeds of the Ames 30982 accession were obtained from the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station. The seeds were germinated on plates prior to transfer to pots (Supplementary Fig. S1 at JXB online). Briefly, the seeds were sterilized for 5min with 50% bleach in a 2ml tube and rinsed with sterile water a total of four times. Then, the seeds were placed between two aseptic Whatman papers in a 100×15mm glass Petri dish. Sterile Murashige and Skoog salt medium containing 1mM G4/G7 gibberellins, pH 6.0, was added and the plate was sealed with parafilm. Seeds were allowed to germinate for 3–5 d at 22 °C. Finally, the germinated kernels were transferred to pots (14 cm×14 cm×18cm), and grown in a growth chamber at 22 °C under a constant light intensity of 200 μmol m–2 s–1 and a 16h/8h day/night cycle. Upon emergence of the first pair of true leaves, the plants were transferred to a cold room (4 °C) for 3 weeks. The light intensity and day/night cycle were 100 μmol m–2 s–1 and 10h/14h, respectively. This step was crucial in ensuring that plants flowered later on. The plants were then placed back into their initial growth chamber and allowed to grow until maturity. The pennycress flowers were hand pollinated and tagged every day in order to study the embryo metabolism at different developmental stages.
Tsogtbaatar E., Cocuron J.C., Sonera M.C, & Alonso A.P. (2015). Metabolite fingerprinting of pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) embryos to assess active pathways during oil synthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66(14), 4267-4277.
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Publication 2015
Asepsis Cold Temperature Embryo Embryonic Development Flowers Gibberellins Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Light M-200 Marijuana Abuse Metabolism Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome, Apparent Plant Embryos Plants Sodium Chloride Sterility, Reproductive
3
Hormonal Treatments on Developing Tea Leaves
Two-year-old cutting seedlings of tea plant (C. sinensis cv. ‘Longjing43’) were planted in pots containing a mixture of perlite, vermiculite, and sphagnum (ratio, 1:2:3) in a climate-controlled growth chamber programmed with 70% ± 10% relative humidity, 16 h light (25 °C) with a light intensity of 300 μmol·m−2·s−1 during the daytime, and 8 h darkness (16 °C) during the nighttime (Supplementary Fig. S1). The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and older leaves at different levels of development were collected (Fig. 1). The 3rd leaves were selected as materials for using in hormonal treatments and untreated control to unify standards. Leaves were sprayed with 1 mM gibberellins (GA treatment), 1 mM 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA treatment), 1 mM salicylic acid (SA treatment), 1 mM methyl jasmonate (MeJA treatment), or 0.1 mM abscisic acid (ABA treatment) for 2 h46 47 . While GA, IAA, SA, and MeJA were dissolved in distilled water with 2% absolute ethanol, ABA was dissolved in distilled water only. Three biological experimental replicates were performed in different pots for each treatment. Tea plant leaf materials were collected, quickly immersed in liquid nitrogen and stored at –80 °C for RNA extraction.
Wu Z.J., Tian C., Jiang Q., Li X.H, & Zhuang J. (2016). Selection of suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization during leaf development and hormonal stimuli in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Scientific Reports, 6, 19748.
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Publication 2016
Abscisic Acid Biopharmaceuticals Camellia sinenses Climate Darkness Ethanol Gibberellins Humidity indoleacetic acid Light Marijuana Abuse methyl jasmonate Nitrogen Perlite Plant Leaves Salicylic Acid Seedlings Sphagnum vermiculite
4
Comprehensive Analysis of Foxtail Millet Transcriptome
The foxtail millet accessions (Yugu 1) was widely cultivated in northern China and obtained from Prof. Cheng Jianping of Guizhou University. In 2020, ‘Yugu 1’ was planted in the greenhouse of the experimental base located at the farm at Guizhou University. Foxtail millet plants were grown in pots filled with soil and vermiculite (1:1) in a growth room with a 16 h/25 °C day and 8 h/20 °C night regime, with a relative humidity of 75%. We collected the five plants with good growth and similar growth conditions, respectively. The samples included the flag leaves, third leaves, roots, stems, fruits in the discoloration stage, and fruits and glumes in the three developmental stages (18 DPA, green fruit stage; 25 DPA, discoloration stage; and 32 DPA, initial maturity stage). In addition, the expression patterns of 15 SiGRAS genes under different stresses were further analysed. Foxtail millet plants at the seedling stage (28 days) were selected for the abiotic stress treatments, which included acid (HCL 0.1 mol/L), alkali (NaOH 0.2 mol/L), salt (5% NaCl), flooding (whole plant), drought (30% PEG6000), darkness (complete shading), heat (40 °C) and cold (4 °C). Five replicates were collected from each stress treatment, and the expression levels were analyzed at 0 h, 2 h, and 24 h, respectively. In addition, ‘Yugu 1’ materials with similar growth statuses were selected and sprayed with 50 mL paclobutrazol (250 mg·L− 1) during the germination period. The controls (mock) were sprayed with the same amount of water. The 1000-grain weight, plant height, gibberellin content, and gene expression level of DELLA subfamily of foxtail millet were further analyzed among control and paclobutrazol treatment at 18, 25, and 32 DPA after pollination. The samples were collected quickly put into liquid nitrogen, and stored at − 80 °C for subsequent analysis. Each sampling and stress treatment had five biological replicates. The samples were used for quantitative PCR (qPCR) with at least three technical repeats.
Fan Y., Wei X., Lai D., Yang H., Feng L., Li L., Niu K., Chen L., Xiang D., Ruan J., Yan J, & Cheng J. (2021). Genome-wide investigation of the GRAS transcription factor family in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). BMC Plant Biology, 21, 508.
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Publication 2021
Abiotic Stress Acids Alkalies Biopharmaceuticals Cereals Cold Temperature Darkness Droughts Fruit Gene Expression Germination Gibberellins Growth Disorders Humidity Marijuana Abuse Nitrogen paclobutrazol Plant Development Plant Roots Plants Pollination Polyethylene Glycol 6000 Setaria Plants Sodium Chloride Stem, Plant vermiculite
5
Transcriptome Analysis of LBD Genes in Potato
To explore the potential role of StLBD in growth and development, the transcriptome data of 16 tissues was downloaded from PGSC (http://solanaceae.plantbiology.msu.edu/index.shtml): flower, petiole, root, shoot apex, stamen, stem, stolon, tuber cortex, tuber peel, tuber pith, tuber sprout, leaf tuber (mature), tuber (young), and whole plant. An analysis of transcriptome data to the expression level (β-aminobutyric acid, methyl benzophenazole thioacetate, Phytophthora infestans, sodium chloride, mannitol, heat stress, abscisic acid, gibberellin, 6-benzylaminopurine, and auxin) of 10 stress treatments was conducted. Fragments per kilobase million (FPKM) values of each LBD gene were calculated, which indicated that their differentially expressed genes were identified. An expression heatmap of different tissues and different treatments of the LBD family was drawn by HemI.
Liu H., Cao M., Chen X., Ye M., Zhao P., Nan Y., Li W., Zhang C., Kong L., Kong N., Yang C., Chen Y., Wang D, & Chen Q. (2019). Genome-Wide Analysis of the Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain (LBD) Gene Family in Solanum tuberosum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(21), 5360.
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Publication 2019
Abscisic Acid Aminobutyric Acid Auxins benzylaminopurine Cortex, Cerebral Gene Expression Profiling Genes Gibberellins Heat Stress Disorders Mannitol methyl thioacetate Phytophthora infestans Plant Leaves Plant Roots Plants Plant Tubers Sodium Chloride Solanaceae Stem, Plant Tissues Transcriptome

Most recents protocols related to «Gibberellins»

1
Plant hormone profiling via HPLC
The contents of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA), gibberellin (GA3), cytokinin (CTK), and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (Pan et al., 2010 (link)).
Chen W., Mou X., Meng P., Chen J., Tang X., Meng G., Xin K., Zhang Y, & Wang C. (2023). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculation on the growth and nitrogen metabolism of Catalpa bungei C.A.Mey. under different nitrogen levels. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1138184.
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Publication 2023
Abscisic Acid Auxins Cytokinins Gibberellins High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies indoleacetic acid Plant Roots
2
Transcriptome Analysis of Endosperm and Embryo Development
Total RNA was isolated from 200 endosperms dissected 40 h after seeds incubation at 30 °C and from 200 embryos dissected 4 h after seeds imbibition and growing for 40 h at 30 °C. Total RNA was isolated as previously described51 (link). cDNA libraries were prepared from 200 ng of total RNA using a TruSeq mRNA Library Prep Kit (Illumina). cDNA libraries were normalized and pooled then sequenced using HiSeq 2500 (Illumina) with single-end 50 bp reads. Transcript assembly and normalization was performed with the Cufflinks program and gene expression levels were calculated in FPKM (Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Milion mapped fragments) units. Differential gene expression analysis was performed by Cuffdiff, a part of the Cufflinks package54 –56 (link).
GO enrichment analysis for biological processes was performed using the TAIR publicly available tool (https://www.arabidopsis.org/tools/go_term_enrichment.jsp). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with log2 fold change ≥1 or ≤1and P ≤ 0.05 were selected for GO enrichment analysis. The list of genes bound by PIF3 was previously described Zhang et al.32 (link). Gene lists for abscisic acid metabolic process, abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway, gibberellin metabolic process, and gibberellin mediated signaling pathway were obtained from TAIR. Heat maps were generated using the heatmap.2 function of the gplots package in R.
Piskurewicz U., Sentandreu M., Iwasaki M., Glauser G, & Lopez-Molina L. (2023). The Arabidopsis endosperm is a temperature-sensing tissue that implements seed thermoinhibition through phyB. Nature Communications, 14, 1202.
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Publication 2023
Abscisic Acid Arabidopsis Biological Processes cDNA Library Embryo Endosperm Exons Gene Expression Gene Expression Profiling Genes Gibberellins Metabolism Microtubule-Associated Proteins Plant Embryos RNA, Messenger Signal Transduction
3
Salt Stress Tolerance in L. barbarum
The seeds of L. barbarum L. (Cultivar Ningqi 10) were immersed into 1% gibberellin for 30 min, followed by 10 min of disinfection with 0.1% potassium permanganate, then were grown in soil (nutrient soil:perlite:vermiculite = 3:1:1) in an artificial climate chamber (16 h light at 24°C/6 h night at 20°C). After the seedlings had grown two cotyledons, they were transferred to Hoagland’s nutrient solution for hydroponic growth; solutions were refreshed every 3 days. When seedlings reached the 10-leaf stage, salt stress was started by adding different concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, and 200 mmol·L−1) to the nutrient solution for additional 7 days. Leaves for transcriptome analysis and RNA isolation were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C.
Yao X.C., Meng L.F., Zhao W.L, & Mao G.L. (2023). Changes in the morphology traits, anatomical structure of the leaves and transcriptome in Lycium barbarum L. under salt stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1090366.
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Publication 2023
Climate Cotyledon Disinfection Freezing Gene Expression Profiling Gibberellins isolation Light Nitrogen Nutrients Perlite Plant Embryos Potassium Permanganate Salt Stress Seedlings Sodium Chloride vermiculite
4
Quantification of Phytohormones in Seeds
The content of Gibberellin (GA3), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and Abscisic Acid (ABA) in seeds of different colors were determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)(Agilent-1290, Agilent Technologies, USA) coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS/MS)(AB Sciex-6500 Qtrap, Allen-Bradley, USA). Each sample was replicated four times (3 colors × 4 replicates). The brief process was that 1.5g seed material was ground in liquid nitrogen, followed by adding mixed solution of isopropyl alcohol, water and hydrochloric acid. Then the specimen was shaken for 30 minutes respectively after adding standard solution and methylene chloride. Next, the specimen was centrifuged (13000 r/min) for 5 minutes to gain organic substance. Next, the organic substance was dried using Termovap Sample Concentrator (NDK200-2N, Hangzhou Miu Instruments Co., Ltd, China) and redissolved by methyl alcohol. After that, the solution was centrifuged again (13000 r/min) for 10 minutes and then filtrated. The whole solvent extraction was operated at 4 °C. Finally, the hormones were measured by HPLC-MS/MS.
Xie J., Li Y., Jiang G., Sun H., Liu X, & Han L. (2023). Seed color represents salt resistance of alfalfa seeds (Medicago sativa L.): Based on the analysis of germination characteristics, seedling growth and seed traits. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1104948.
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Publication 2023
Abscisic Acid Gibberellins High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hormones Hydrochloric acid indoleacetic acid Isopropyl Alcohol Methanol Methylene Chloride Nitrogen Solvents
5
Quantification of plant growth hormones and antioxidants
For CF detection, CF was extracted from fresh leaf tissues using a distillation device. For the determination of auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin (ZR), SP, SS, MDA, and Pro contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities, 0.1000 g coconut leaf tissue was accurately weighted and mixed with precooled PBS at a weight (g) to volume (mL) ratio of 1:10. The samples were subjected to high-speed grinding and centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 min. Then, 50 µL supernatant was used for the measurements. IAA, GA, ABA, ZR, MDA, SP, Pro, SOD, CAT, and POD kits and standards were obtained from the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Research Institute, and the measurements were performed in strict accordance to the manufacturer’s instructions and following the method reported by Li (2000) . We used 1-cm optical path cuvettes, and blank cuvette was used for setting the baseline. The wavelength was set to 450 nm (IAA, ABA, GA, ZR), 595 nm (SP), 620 nm (SS), 532 nm (MDA), 520 nm (Pro), 550 nm (SOD), 405 nm (CAT), or 420 nm (POD) to measure the absorbance by using the enzyme marker (DG5033A, Nanjing Huadong Electronics Group Medical Equipment). All measurements were carried out within 10 min after adding the termination solution. Based on the absorbance value, the concentration/activity was calculated according to the manufacturer’s formulas.
Lu L., Chen S., Yang W., Wu Y., Liu Y., Yin X., Yang Y, & Yang Y. (2023). Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal key metabolic pathways in response to potassium deficiency in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) seedlings. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1112264.
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Publication 2023
Abscisic Acid Auxins Catalase Cocos nucifera Diet, Formula Distillation Enzymes Gibberellins Medical Devices Peroxidase Plant Leaves Superoxide Dismutase Tissues Vision Zeatin

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1
Qtrap 6500 by AB Sciex
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The QTRAP 6500 is a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. It is designed to provide sensitive and selective detection and quantification of a wide range of analytes in complex matrices. The QTRAP 6500 combines a triple quadrupole mass analyzer with a linear ion trap, enabling both quantitative and qualitative analysis capabilities.
2
Abscisic acid by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe, Italy
Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes in plants. It is a naturally occurring compound found in many plant species and is involved in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses.
3
Gibberellin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Gibberellin is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes in plants. It is primarily responsible for promoting seed germination, stem elongation, and flower development. Gibberellin is a naturally occurring compound and is commonly used in agricultural and horticultural applications to enhance plant growth and productivity.
4
Sep pak c18 cartridge by Waters Corporation
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Agilent 1100 by Agilent Technologies
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More about "Gibberellins"

Gibberellins (GAs) are a class of tetracyclic diterpenoid plant hormones that play a crucial role in regulating growth and development.
These phytohormones are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, such as seed germination, stem elongation, leaf expansion, and flower initiation.
Gibberellins exert their effects by binding to specific receptor proteins, triggering signaling cascades that ultimately influence gene expression and cellular responses.
Researchers studying gibberellin biology can leverage advanced analytical techniques and tools to enhance their workflows.
The QTRAP 6500 LC-MS/MS system, for example, provides highly sensitive and selective detection of gibberellins and other plant hormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA).
Coupled with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges for sample cleanup and preconcentration, and Accela Series U-HPLC and Xcalibur software version 2.2 or MassLynx v4.1 for data acquisition and analysis, researchers can accurately quantify and characterize these important phytochemicals.
Furthermore, the Agilent 1260 and Agilent 1100 HPLC systems can be utilized for the separation and purification of gibberellins, allowing for the isolation and identification of specific GA isoforms.
By combining these analytical tools with innovative AI-powered platforms like PubCompare.ai, researchers can streamline their workflows, access the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and leverage AI-driven comparisons to enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of their gibberellin research experiments.