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Homoserine lactone

Homoserine lactone is a naturally occurring lactone compound that plays a crucial role in quorum sensing, a bacterial communication process.
It is involved in the regulation of various bacterial behaviors, including virulence, biofilm formation, and secondary metabolite production.
Homoserine lactone is synthesized by bacterial enzymes and acts as a signaling molecule, allowing bacteria to coordinate their activities in response to population density.
Researchers studying homoserine lactone can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to efficiently locate the most reliable protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents, enabling them to identify the best methods and products to optimize their experiments and improve reproducibility.
Streamline your homoserine lactone research with PubCompare.ai today.

Most cited protocols related to «Homoserine lactone»

1
Agrobacterium tumefaciens Culture Protocol
A. tumefaciens strains were derived from the strain C58 (39 (link)) or 15955 (42 (link)). Cells were grown as specified in defined minimal medium (40 ) (ATGN), virulence induction broth (43 (link)), or LB broth at 30 °C with aeration. The doubling time of wild-type is 202 min ± 7 min (mean ± SD) in ATGN (n = 3) and 89 min ± 2 min (mean ± SD) in LB (n = 3).
In liquid media, when appropriate, the following antibiotics or supplements were added at the indicated concentrations: kanamycin (IBI, IB02120) 150 μg/mL, carbenicillin (GoldBio, C-103-5) 25 μg/mL, gentamicin (ACROS Organics, AC613980010) 150 μg/mL, IPTG (Dot Scientific, DS102125) 0.2 or 0.25 mM as indicated, theophylline (Sigma, T1633-100G) 2 mM, and AHL (N-3-oxooctanoyl-L-homoserine lactone) (Sigma, O1764-10MG) 1 μM. Antibiotics were doubled when applied on solid media. Virulence induction broth (43 (link)) is a modified ATGN medium, replacing AT buffer with 50 mM phosphate buffer (NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4, pH 5.7) with 0.02 M 2-N-[morpholino] ethanesulfonate, and supplementing with 200 μM acetosyringone.
For Hi-C, ChIP-seq, WGS, or microscopy experiments, cells were streaked on ATGN plates. Single colonies were inoculated into 5 mL ATGN medium and rolled overnight. In the next morning, the cultures were diluted into 30 mL ATGN liquid with a starting OD600 of 0.15. Cultures were grown in a shaking water bath for 6 h to reach an OD600 of 0.5–0.6 before harvest. For ParB1+, AtWX192/193 were supplied with inducers (1 μM AHL and 2 mM theophylline) when growing on solid media or in liquid media. For ParB1−, AtW192/193 were grown in ATGN or LB solid medium or liquid media without inducers for indicated amount of time. Cultures were diluted before their OD600 reached 0.8 to prevent cells from entering stationary phase. The best depletion was achieved in LB after 30 h (SI Appendix, Fig. S4M).
Detailed procedures of Hi-C, ChIP-seq, WGS, sequence analysis, fluorescence microscopy, image analysis, immunoblot analysis, antibody generation, and strain and plasmid construction can be found in SI Appendix, Materials and Methods. Lists of strains, plasmids, oligonucleotides, and next-generation sequencing samples can be found in SI Appendix, Tables S1–S4.
Data are deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus repository (accession no. GSE182881). Further information and requests for resources, reagents, and analytical scripts should be directed to and will be fulfilled by the corresponding author. Plasmids and strains generated in this study are available from the corresponding author with a completed Materials Transfer Agreement.
Ren Z., Liao Q., Karaboja X., Barton I.S., Schantz E.G., Mejia-Santana A., Fuqua C, & Wang X. (2022). Conformation and dynamic interactions of the multipartite genome in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(6), e2115854119.
Publication 2022
2
Minimal Media Preparation for Bacterial Assays
The minimal media for plate and liquid assays was prepared using the following recipe: 800 mL of Milipore water (with no agar for liquid assays, with 0.625 % agar for swarming assays, with 1.857 % agar for hard agar assays), 200 mL of 5X stock phosphate buffer, 1mL of 1 M magnesium sulfate, 0.1 mL of magnesium sulfate, 25 mL of 200 g/L solution of casamino acids (Bacto™ from BD, Sparks, MD). 1 L of 5X stock phosphate buffer was prepared by dissolving 12 g of Na2HPO4 (anhydrous), 15 of KH2PO4 (anhydrows) and 2.5 g of NaCl into 1 L of Milipore water. The final pH of medium was 6.7. When necessary, media composition was altered as described in the text. Autoinducers N-(3-Oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (called HSL in the text) and N-Butyryl-DL-homoserine lactone (called C4HSL in the text) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, US). Each swarming plate was prepared by pouring exactly 20 mL of medium onto a Petri dish and allowed to cool upright for 30 min. The plates were then turned upside down and left at room temperature to dry for 15 h. Inocula were prepared from 1 mL of overnight cultures washed twice with PBS. Plates inoculation was carried out by spotting a 2 μL drop of pre washed culture at the center of the swarming plate and allowed to dry. Plates were then placed upside down at 37C for 24 h. Each swarming experiment was repeated nine times (three different days with three experimental replicates each). All liquid assays were carried out at 37C with shaking, in 96-well microtiter plates using the Safire 2 (Tecan US, Inc) with OD600 and green fluorescence measured at 10 minute intervals.
Xavier J.B., Kim W, & Foster K.R. (2010). A molecular mechanism that stabilizes cooperative secretions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecular microbiology, 79(1), 166-179.
Publication 2010
Agar Biological Assay Buffers casamino acids Fluorescence homoserine lactone Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Phosphates Sodium Chloride Suby's G solution Sulfate, Magnesium Vaccination
3
Detecting AHL Signaling in A. tumefaciens
Blue pigmentation of the A. tumefaciens biosensor near the strain(s) of interest indicates production of the AHL signal (Fig. 1).
Paulk Tierney A.R, & Rather P.N. (2019). Methods for Detecting N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone Production in Acinetobacter baumannii. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 1946, 253-258.
Publication 2019
Biosensors Pigmentation Strains
4
Comprehensive Quorum Sensing Signaling Molecules Database
Exhaustive search of the literature was carried out to fetch relevant articles from PubMed. For this, keywords like quorum sensing and various signaling systems were used to build the final query as follows:
‘(quorum sensing) AND (((((((((((((((acyl homoserine lactone) OR acyl-homoserine lactone) OR acylhomoserine lactone) OR acyl homoserine lactones) OR acylhomoserine lactones) OR acyl-homoserine lactones))))))) OR (((DSF or Diffusible signal factor)))) OR (((DKP or Diketopiperazines)))) OR (((2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone or HHQ or pseudomonas quinolone signal or PQS)))) OR (((AI*3) OR autoinducer*3)))) OR (((AI*2) OR autoinducer*2)))) OR autoinducer*)’
With this search query ∼2900 articles were obtained till August 2015. After initial screening ∼1400 potential articles were filtered to mine the relevant QSSMs information. Further reviews and articles lacking the required information were excluded and finally data was systematically extracted from 244 papers. In total, SigMol includes 1382 entries of 182 unique signaling molecules from 215 organisms.
We have provided chemical information of many QSSMs including their structure using chemical repositories viz., Pubchem or Chemspider. Structures of many signaling molecules were not found in these repositories therefore, we made their SMILES (Simplified molecular-input line-entry system) using Marvin sketch software (https://www.chemaxon.com/products/marvin/marvinsketch/) or Optical Structure Recognition (OSRA) (http://cactus.nci.nih.gov/cgi-bin/osra/index.cgi). Further, these SMILES were used to generate chemical information by utilizing Chemicalize.org (http://www.chemicalize.org/).
Rajput A., Kaur K, & Kumar M. (2015). SigMol: repertoire of quorum sensing signaling molecules in prokaryotes. Nucleic Acids Research, 44(Database issue), D634-D639.
Publication 2015
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone Acyl-Homoserine Lactones Cactaceae Diketopiperazines Molecular Structure osmotic shock released antigen PQS, quinolone Strains Vision
5
Structural Analysis of LasR-AHL Complexes

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Publication 2009
Acyl-Homoserine Lactones Electrons Ligands Microtubule-Associated Proteins R Factors R recombinase Solvents

Most recents protocols related to «Homoserine lactone»

1
Microbial Enzyme and Signaling Profiling
Pectine depolymerase and cellulase activities were assessed as described by (Andro et al., 1984 (link)). Briefly, for polygalacturonase/pectate lyase assay, isolates were incubated on a solid M63 medium (Miller, 1972 ) containing polygalacturonic acid. After 48 h incubation at 30°C, plates were stained by flooding with 10% (w/v) copper acetate, which forms a blue complex with the polymer, leaving clear haloes around colonies that produce pectolytic enzymes. Cellulase activity was assessed on a medium containing 0.1% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). After 48 h of incubation at 30°C, the plates were stained with an aqueous 0.1% (w/v) Congo red solution for 1 h at room temperature and washed with 1 M NaCl. Cellulase-producing colonies formed “halo” zones. Protease, lipase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase activities were assessed on skimmed milk, egg yolk agar and starch agar, respectively (Tindall et al., 2014 (link)). Siderophore production was assessed with chrome azurol S (CAS) agar plate assay (Himpsl and Mobley, 2019 (link)). The diameter of “halo” zones around bacterial colonies was measured in each case. Experiments were performed in two repetitions and the means were calculated for each strain. Gelatinase production was assayed with the standard gelatin stab method (Tindall et al., 2014 (link)). Liquefication of the medium was assessed after one week of incubation. Malonate utilization as a sole carbon source was evaluated using the malonate broth (Tindall et al., 2014 (link)). A shift in the pH indicator color from green to dark violet indicated malonate utilization.
The capability of the strains to produce N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) was assessed using Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 as a biosensor as described by (Ravn et al., 2001 (link)). Briefly, tested strains were streaked on the LA plates and then incubated overnight at 30°C. After that time, C. violaceum CV2026 was streaked on the plates in parallel. Plates were then once again incubated at 30°C overnight. After that time, the plates were evaluated for the purple violacein pigment produced by C. violaceum in the presence of AHLs.
Jonca J., Pirhonen M., Waleron M.M., Gawor J., Mrozik A., Smoktunowicz M., Waleron K, & Waleron M. (2024). Comprehensive phenomic and genomic studies of the species, Pectobacterium cacticida and proposal for reclassification as Alcorniella cacticida comb. nov. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15, 1323790.
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Publication 2024
2
Quorum Sensing Signaling Molecules
Chemicals including antibiotics were of reagent grade or superior and were sourced from Millipore Sigma (Burlington, MA) or Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH). N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone designated as C6-HSL (#10007896), N-3-oxo-octanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone designated as 3oC8-HSL (#10011206) and N-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone designated as C12-HSL (#10011203) were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI) and dissolved in 100% DMSO just before use.
Sikdar R., Beauclaire M.V., Lima B.P., Herzberg M.C, & Elias M.H. (2024). N-acyl homoserine lactone signaling modulates bacterial community associated with human dental plaque. bioRxiv.
Publication Preprint 2024
3
Quantitative HPLC-MS/MS Profiling of Bacterial Quorum Sensing Signals
HPLC-MS/MS setup consisted of an Agilent ZORBAX HPLC system (SB-C18 column) coupled with an Agilent G6410 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and an ESI interface. The adjustments of the HPLC setup and the protocol were as follows: a sonicated, degassed, and filtered mobile phase of Acetonitrile:Water (0.1% Formic Acid) consists of 20 min 45% acetonitrile, 90% acetonitrile for 3 min, 7 min 100% acetonitrile, 10 min 45% acetonitrile with a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 25°C, and 20 μL of the sample was subjected to the instrument via an auto-sampler. Mass spectrometer adjustments were as follows: capillary voltage: 4500 V, mass range: 120–450 amu, Dwell time: 500 ms, fragmentor voltage: 120 V, collision energy: 7. Nine ultra-pure AHLs, including N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (Oxo-C6-HSL), N-heptanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C7-HSL), N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL), N-(3-oxo-octanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (Oxo-C8-HSL), N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL), N-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL), and N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (Oxo-C12-HSL), purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, were used as standards to determine the characteristic daughter ions, which were found to be at m/z 102, reflecting the lactone ring, similar to previous reports (Morin et al., 2003 (link); Fekete et al., 2007 (link); Bose et al., 2017 (link)). Accordingly, each sample was evaluated by the precursor ion method screening for AHL-characteristic daughter ion at m/z 102. Afterward, the total ion chromatogram (TIC) of each bacterial medium extract was screened for major masses, and each mass was depicted independently through an extraction chromatogram (EIC). To further confirm each mass to be an AHL, the concurrent existence of at least one other daughter ion at m/z 56, 74, or 84 was evaluated via the production method (Rodrigues et al., 2022 (link)). All the results were analyzed using Agilent MassHunter Qualitative Analysis.
Salehi-Najafabadi A., Tehrani Fateh S., Amoabediny G, & Hamedi J. (2024). Insights into additional lactone-based signaling circuits in Streptomyces: existence of acyl-homoserine lactones and LuxI/LuxR homologs in six Streptomyces species. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, 1342637.
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Publication 2024
4
Enzymatic and Signaling Activities of P. betavasculorum
The activity of PCWDEs was assessed as described previously (Smoktunowicz et al., 2022 (link); Andro et al., 1984 (link); Miller, 1972 ; Tindall et al., 2014 (link); Himpsl and Mobley, 2019 (link)). Briefly, for polygalacturonase assay, isolates were incubated on a solid M63 medium (Miller, 1972 ) containing polygalacturonic acid. After 48 h incubation at 28°C, plates were stained by flooding with 10% (w/v) copper acetate, which forms a blue complex with the polymer, leaving clear haloes around colonies that produce pectolytic enzymes. Cellulase activity was assessed on a medium containing 0.1% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). After 48 h of incubation at 30°C, the plates were stained with an aqueous 0.1% (w/v) Congo red solution for 1 h at room temperature and washed with 1 M NaCl. Cellulase-producing colonies formed “halo” zones. Protease, lipase, and oligo-1,6-glucosidase activities were assessed on skimmed milk, egg yolk agar, and starch agar, respectively (Tindall et al., 2014 (link)). Siderophore production was assessed with chrome azurol S (CAS) agar plate assay (Himpsl and Mobley, 2019 (link)). The diameter of “halo” zones around bacterial colonies was measured in each case. Experiments were performed in two repetitions, and the means were calculated for each strain. Gelatinase production was assayed with the standard gelatin stab method (Tindall et al., 2014 (link)). Liquefaction of the medium was assessed after 1 week of incubation. Malonate utilization as a sole carbon source was evaluated using the malonate broth (Tindall et al., 2014 (link)). A shift in the pH indicator color from green to dark violet indicated malonate utilization.
The capability of the strains to produce N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) was assessed using Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 as a biosensor, as described by Ravn et al. (2001) (link). Briefly, tested strains were streaked on the LA plates and then incubated overnight at 28°C. After that time, C. violaceum CV2026 was streaked on the plates in parallel. Plates were then once again incubated at 30°C overnight. After that time, the plates were evaluated for the purple violacein pigment that is produced by C. violaceum in the presence of AHLs.
The auxin production by P. betavasculorum strains was assessed by confirming with a colorimetric assay using the Salkowski reagent method (Gang et al., 2019 (link)). Strains were cultivated overnight at 30°C in TSB medium supplemented with 0.5 g of tryptophan. After centrifugation, 100 µL of supernatant and 100 µL of Salkowski reagent were mixed on a 96-well plate incubated for 30 min in the dark. The color intensity was measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 536 nm. A non-inoculated medium was used as a control. An Escherichia coli strain ATCC8339 was used as a positive control, while ΔtnaA deletion mutant, which lost l-tryptophan degradation activity (Shimazaki et al., 2012 (link)), was used as a non-producing auxins control.
Borowska-Beszta M., Smoktunowicz M., Horoszkiewicz D., Jonca J., Waleron M.M., Gawor J., Mika A., Sledzinski T., Waleron K, & Waleron M. (2024). Comparative genomics, pangenomics, and phenomic studies of Pectobacterium betavasculorum strains isolated from sugar beet, potato, sunflower, and artichoke: insights into pathogenicity, virulence determinants, and adaptation to the host plant. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15, 1352318.
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Publication 2024
5
Degradation of Synthetic Acyl-Homoserine Lactones
The capacity of strain AA1EC1 to degrade synthetic AHLs was tested using well diffusion agar‐plate assays (Romero et al., 2011 (link); Torres et al., 2013 (link)). Briefly, AHLs were added to 500 μL of a 24 h culture of strain AA1EC1 in a final concentration of 10 μM. Cell‐free LB medium supplemented with the same concentration of AHLs was incubated as a negative control. After 24 h of incubation at 28°C and at 120 rpm in a rotary shaker, 100 μL aliquots of the culture supernatant were placed in wells on LB agar plates previously seeded with the biosensors CV026 or VIR07 and on AB agar plates supplemented with 80 μg mL−1 of 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indolyl‐ß‐D‐galactopyranoside (X gal) seeded with the biosensor NTL4 to check for the development of purple or blue colour around each well. The AHL degradation was confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐multiple reaction monitoring (HPLC‐MRM) (Torres et al., 2013 (link)).
The synthetic AHLs (Sigma‐Aldrich, Saint Louis, USA) used were as follows: C4‐HSL (N‐butyryl‐DL‐homoserine lactone), C6‐HSL (N‐hexanoyl‐DL‐homoserine lactone), C8‐HSL (N‐octanoyl‐DL‐homoserine lactone), C10‐HSL (N‐decanoyl‐DL‐homoserine lactone), 3‐OH‐C10‐HSL (N‐3‐hydroxydecanoyl‐DL‐homoserine lactone), C12‐HSL (N‐dodecanoyl‐DL‐homoserine lactone) and 3‐O‐C12‐HSL (N‐3‐oxo‐dodecanoyl‐DL‐homoserine lactone).
To identify the cellular localization of QQ activity, the previous described AHL‐degradation assay was performed with the supernatant and crude cellular extract (CCE) fractions from a 24 h culture of strain AA1EC1 against C6‐HSL, C10‐HSL and C12‐HSL. Previously, both fractions were filtered through a 0.22 μm‐pore membrane filter (Romero et al., 2011 (link)).
Roca A., Cabeo M., Enguidanos C., Martínez‐Checa F., Sampedro I, & Llamas I. (2024). Potential of the quorum‐quenching and plant‐growth promoting halotolerant Bacillus toyonensis AA1EC1 as biocontrol agent. Microbial Biotechnology, 17(3), e14420.
Publication 2024

Top products related to «Homoserine lactone»

1
N 3 oxo dodecanoyl l homoserine lactone by Merck Group
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N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone is a chemical compound used in laboratory research. It serves as a signaling molecule involved in quorum sensing, a process of cell-to-cell communication in certain bacteria. The compound plays a role in regulating gene expression and coordinating collective behaviors within bacterial populations.
2
Kanamycin by Merck Group
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Kanamycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces kanamyceticus. It is commonly used as a selective agent in molecular biology and microbiology laboratories for the growth and selection of bacteria that have been genetically modified to express a gene of interest.
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N hexanoyl l homoserine lactone by Merck Group
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N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It functions as a quorum sensing molecule, which is a signaling mechanism used by bacteria to coordinate their behavior and gene expression in response to changes in cell population density. This compound is utilized in various microbiology and biochemistry research applications.
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N hexanoyl l homoserine lactone c6 hsl by Merck Group
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N-Hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) is a chemical compound used in laboratory research. It functions as a quorum sensing molecule, which is a type of signaling molecule used by bacteria to coordinate their behavior. C6-HSL is commonly used in studies related to bacterial communication and cell-cell signaling.
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L-arabinose is a monosaccharide that serves as a common laboratory reagent. It is a colorless crystalline solid that is soluble in water and has the molecular formula C₅H₁₀O₅.
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N octanoyl l homoserine lactone c8 hsl by Merck Group
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N-octanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) is a chemical compound that serves as a quorum sensing signaling molecule. It is used in various laboratory settings to study cell-cell communication and quorum sensing mechanisms in bacteria and other microorganisms.
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N 3 oxo hexanoyl l homoserine lactone by Merck Group
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N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone is a chemical compound that is used as a laboratory reagent. It functions as a quorum sensing molecule, which is involved in the regulation of gene expression in certain bacteria.
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N octanoyl l homoserine lactone by Merck Group
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N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It is a type of quorum sensing molecule that facilitates cell-to-cell communication in certain bacterial species. This compound can be utilized in research applications involving the study of bacterial signaling pathways and quorum sensing mechanisms.
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N hexanoyl dl homoserine lactone by Merck Group
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N-hexanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a quorum sensing molecule that plays a role in bacterial cell-to-cell communication. The product is primarily used in microbiology and biochemistry research applications.

More about "Homoserine lactone"

Homoserine lactone, also known as HSL, is a naturally occurring signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in bacterial quorum sensing.
This process allows bacteria to coordinate their behaviors, such as virulence, biofilm formation, and secondary metabolite production, in response to population density.
HSL is synthesized by bacterial enzymes and acts as a chemical messenger, enabling bacteria to communicate and adapt their activities accordingly.
Closely related to HSL are other lactone compounds, such as N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone, N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-octanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL), and N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone.
These molecules also participate in quorum sensing and can influence various bacterial behaviors.
Researchers studying HSL and related quorum sensing mechanisms can leverage powerful tools like PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to efficiently locate the most reliable protocols from the literature, preprints, and patents.
This enables them to identify the best methods and products to optimize their experiments and improve reproducibility, ultimately streamlining their homoserine lactone research.
Additionally, other compounds such as Kanamycin, L-arabinose, and DMSO may be used in conjunction with or in the study of HSL and related quorum sensing systems.
Understanding the interactions and applications of these substances can further enhance the understanding and exploration of homoserine lactone and its role in bacterial communication and behavior.
By harnesseing the insights gained from the comprehensive understanding of homoserine lactone and its related compounds, researchers can make more informed decisions, design more effective experiments, and drive advancements in the field of bacterial quorum sensing and its potential applications.