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Phosphatidylethanolamines

Phosphatidylethanolamines are a class of phospholipids found in cell membranes, particularly in the inner leaflet.
They play crucial roles in cellular signaling, membrane fluidity, and lipid metabolism.
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Most cited protocols related to «Phosphatidylethanolamines»

Optimal Simulation Protocols for Lipid Bilayers

To determine a set of optimal simulation protocols
for NAMD, GROMACS,
AMBER, OpenMM, and CHARMM/OpenMM simulations using the CHARMM C36
FF, a pure DPPC bilayer system was built and simulated with the various
simulation parameters available in each program. In addition, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine (POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-phosphatidylserine (POPS), and palmitoylsphingomyelin
(PSM) bilayer simulations were performed to validate the optimized
protocols derived from the DPPC simulations. The procedures of building
the lipid bilayer systems and the tested simulation parameters for
each program are provided in detail below.

Lee J., Cheng X., Swails J.M., Yeom M.S., Eastman P.K., Lemkul J.A., Wei S., Buckner J., Jeong J.C., Qi Y., Jo S., Pande V.S., Case D.A., Brooks CL I.I.I., MacKerell AD J.r., Klauda J.B, & Im W. (2015). CHARMM-GUI Input Generator for NAMD, GROMACS, AMBER, OpenMM, and CHARMM/OpenMM Simulations Using the CHARMM36 Additive Force Field. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, 12(1), 405-413.

Publication 2015

1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine Amber Lipid Bilayers palmitoylsphingomyelin Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylserines

Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticle Fabrication

Lipid-polymer hybrid NPs were prepared via self-assembly of PLGA (poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid); Lactel, Pelham, AL), lecithin (soybean, refined, molecular weight: ~330 Da; Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA), and DSPE-PEG (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine- N-carboxy (polyethylene glycol)2000); Avanti, Alabaster, AL) through a single-step nanoprecipitation method. Briefly, PLGA polymer was dissolved in acetonitrile with concentrations ranging from 1~5 mg/mL. Lecithin/DSPE-PEG (8.5/1.5, molar ratio) with a weight ratio of 15% to the PLGA polymer were dissolved in 4 wt% ethanol aqueous solution. The lecithin/DSPE-PEG solution was heated to 65°C to ensure all lipids were in liquid phase. The resulting PLGA solution was then added into the preheated lipid solution dropwise under gentle stirring. The mixed solution was vortexed vigorously for 3 minutes followed by gentle stirring for 2 hours at room temperature. The remaining organic solvent and free molecules were removed by washing the NP solution three times using an Amicon Ultra-4 centrifugal filter (Millipore, Billerica, MA) with a molecular weight cut-off of 10,000 Da. To prepare drug-encapsulated NPs, docetaxel (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) with proper initial dosage was dissolved into the PLGA acetonitrile solution before the nanoprecipitation process. NP size (diameter, nm) and surface charge (zeta potential, mV) were obtained from three repeat measurements by Quasi-elastic laser light scattering with a ZetaPALS dynamic light scattering detector (15 mW laser, incident beam = 676 nm; Brookhaven Instruments Corporation, Holtsville, NY).

Zhang L., Chan J.M., Gu F.X., Rhee J.W., Wang A.Z., Radovic-Moreno A.F., Alexis F., Langer R, & Farokhzad O.C. (2008). Self-Assembled Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles: A Robust Drug Delivery Platform. ACS nano, 2(8), 1696-1702.

Publication 2008

1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine acetonitrile Alabaster DA10 Docetaxel Ethanol glycolic acid Hybrids Lecithin Lipids Molar Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphatidylethanolamines Poly A polyethylene glycol 2000 Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer Polymers Solvents Soybeans

Lipid Annotation and Quantification

Lipid classes are: PE, phosphatidylethanolamines; LPE; lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines; PE-O, 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamines; PS, phosphatidylserines; PC, phosphatidylcholines; PC-O, 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphocholines; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholines; SM, sphingomyelins; PA, phosphatidic acids; PG, phosphatidylglycerols; PI, phosphatidylinositols; DAG, diacylglycerols; TAG, triacylglycerols; CL, cardiolipins; LCL, triacyl-lysocardiolipins; Cer, ceramides; Chol, cholesterol; CholEst, cholesterol esters.
Individual molecular species are annotated as follows: :/:. For example, PC 18:0/18:1 stands for a phosphatidylcholine comprising the moieties stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1) fatty acids. If the exact composition of fatty acid or fatty alcohol moieties is not known, the species are annotated as: :. In this way, PC 36:1 stands for a PC species having 36 carbon atoms and one double bond in both fatty acid moieties.

Herzog R., Schwudke D., Schuhmann K., Sampaio J.L., Bornstein S.R., Schroeder M, & Shevchenko A. (2011). A novel informatics concept for high-throughput shotgun lipidomics based on the molecular fragmentation query language. Genome Biology, 12(1), R8.

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Publication 2011

Carbon Cardiolipins Ceramides Cholesterol Cholesterol Esters Diglycerides Fatty Acids Fatty Alcohols Lipids Lysophosphatidylcholines Phosphatidic Acids Phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylglycerols Phosphatidylinositols Phosphatidylserines Sphingomyelins Triglycerides

Lipid Analysis Protocol for Endocannabinoids

Extraction, purification and quantification of AEA, 2-AG, PEA and OEA from tissues require several biochemical steps as described previously [27 (link)]. N = 5 mice were used for these measurements. First, tissues were dounce-homogenized and extracted with chloroform/methanol/Tris-HCl 50 mM pH 7.5 (2:1:1, v/v) containing internal deuterated standards for AEA, 2-AG, PEA and OEA quantification by isotope dilution ([²H]₈AEA, [²H]₅2AG, [²H]₄PEA, [²H]₄OEA (Cayman Chemicals, MI, USA), as well as 1,2-heptadecanoin (Larodan AB, Malmo, Sweden), and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-N-heptadecanoyl phosphatidylethanolamine) for DAG and N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine measurement, respectively (see below). The lipid-containing organic phase was dried down, weighed and pre-purified by open bed chromatography on silica gel. Fractions were obtained by eluting the column with 99:1, 90:10 and 50:50 (v/v) chloroform/methanol. The 90:10 fraction was used for AEA, 2-AG, PEA and OEA quantification by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS), as previously described and using selected ion monitoring at M + 1 values for the four compounds and their deuterated homologues, as described in [1 (link),31 (link)].

Piscitelli F., Carta G., Bisogno T., Murru E., Cordeddu L., Berge K., Tandy S., Cohn J.S., Griinari M., Banni S, & Di Marzo V. (2011). Effect of dietary krill oil supplementation on the endocannabinoidome of metabolically relevant tissues from high-fat-fed mice. Nutrition & Metabolism, 8, 51.

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Publication 2011

Atmospheric Pressure Caimans Chloroform Chromatography Isotopes Lipids Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Methanol Mice, Laboratory N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine Phosphatidylethanolamines Silica Gel Technique, Dilution Tissues Tromethamine

Murine Heart Lipidome Analysis by MALDI-TOF

Murine heart lipid extracts were diluted from 20 μL to 200 μL with isopropanol/acetonitrile (60/40, v/v). After mixing 10 μL of diluted sample with 10 μL of 9-aminoacridine (10 mg/mL; dissolved in isopropanol/acetonitrile (60/40, v/v)), 0.25 μL of the mixture was spotted on an Opti-TOF^® 384 well plate. MS analysis was performed on a 4800 MALDI-TOF/TOF Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Mass spectra of inositol glycerophospholipids (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), serine glycerophospholipids (PS), ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (PE), phosphatidic acid (PA) and cardiolipin (CL) molecular species were acquired in the negative ion mode by averaging 1500 consecutive laser shots (50 shots per subspectra with 30 total subspectra) with default calibration and mass spectra of choline glycerophospholipids (PC) acquired in the positive ion mode. MS² analyses of lipids were accomplished by collision-induced dissociation (CID) using air at medium pressure.

Sun G., Yang K., Zhao Z., Guan S., Han X, & Gross R.W. (2008). Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Cellular Glycerophospholipids Enabled by Multiplexed Solvent Dependent Analyte-Matrix Interactions. Analytical chemistry, 80(19), 7576-7585.

Publication 2008

acetonitrile Air Pressure Aminacrine Cardiolipins Heart Isopropyl Alcohol Lipids Mass Spectrometry Mus Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidyl Glycerol Phosphatidylinositols Phosphatidylserines Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Most recents protocols related to «Phosphatidylethanolamines»

Preparation of Fluorescent Lipid Bilayers

Stock solutions (1–10 mg/mL)
of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (POPS, Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA), and
ATTO 390-1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
(Atto 390-DPPE, ATTO-TEC, Siegen, Germany) were prepared in chloroform. l-α-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns[4,5]P₂, brain porcine, Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA)
was freshly dissolved in chloroform/methanol/H₂O (10:20:8)
to a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. Lipid mixtures (0.4 mg) were
prepared in chloroform/methanol (10:1), and organic solvents were
evaporated with a nitrogen stream followed by 3 h in vacuum. The dried
lipid films were stored at 4 °C until needed.
Small unilamellar
vesicles (SUVs) were prepared by rehydrating a lipid film in spreading
buffer (50 mM KCl, 20 mM Na-citrate, 0.1 mM NaN₃, 0.1 mM
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), pH 4.8),^{38 (link)} incubating for 30 min, subsequent vortexing (3 × 30
s at 5 min intervals), and a final sonification step for 30 min at
room temperature (cycle 4, 60%, Sonopuls HD2070, resonator cup; Bandelin,
Berlin, Germany). PtdIns[4,5]P₂ containing SUVs were used
immediately for the preparation of SLBs to avoid PtdIns[4,5]P₂ degradation.^{65 (link)}

Liebe N.L., Mey I., Vuong L., Shikho F., Geil B., Janshoff A, & Steinem C. (2023). Bioinspired Membrane Interfaces: Controlling Actomyosin Architecture and Contractility. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15(9), 11586-11598.

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Publication 2023

1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine Acids Alabaster bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane Brain Chloroform Citrates Edetic Acid Lipid A Lipids Methanol Nitrogen Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylinositols Pigs Serine Sodium Azide Solvents Vacuum

Reconstitution of membrane proteins

Protein kinase A, lactate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenol-pyruvate were purchased from Roche CustomBiotech (Indianapolis, IN). Adenosine-5′-triphosphate disodium salt (ATP) ultrapure 98% was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA). Verapamil was acquired from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO). n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM) was bought from Inalco S. p.A (Milano, Italy). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Burlington, MA).
E. coli polar lipids (polar extract) and synthetic lipids were acquired from Avanti (Alabaster, AL); these include 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or 16:0-18:1 PC (POPC), 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (POPS), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylinositol (POPI), 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG), DPPA, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate or 16:0 PA, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). Sphingomyelin (SM) was >99% pure from porcine brain with major acyl chains of 18:0 (50%) and 21:1 (21%), and cardiolipin (CL) was from >99% bovine heart with major acyl chains of 18:2 (90%). All synthetic lipids, SM and CL had very low tryptophan fluorescence (ex/em 295/350 nm) if purchased as powder. Cholesterol (Chol) and cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) were purchased from Anatrace (Maumee, OH).
General chemicals were at the highest grade from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, Massachusetts).

Tran N.N., Bui A.T., Jaramillo-Martinez V., Weber J., Zhang Q, & Urbatsch I.L. (2023). Lipid environment determines the drug-stimulated ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 10, 1141081.

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Publication 2023

1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine Adenosine Triphosphate Alabaster Brain Cardiolipins Cattle Cholesterol cholesterol-hemisuccinate Coenzyme I Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Escherichia coli Fluorescence Glycerylphosphorylcholine Heart Lactate Dehydrogenase Lipids Phosphates Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylglycerols Phosphatidylinositols Phosphoenolpyruvate Pigs Powder Serine Sodium Chloride Sphingomyelins Tryptophan Verapamil

Lipid Extraction and Characterization Protocol

The phospholipids 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9-Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (POPG), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (POPS), and Liss-Rhod-DOPE were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Cholesterol was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Sodium chloride, chloroform, 4-hydroxyethyl piperazine sulfonic acid (HEPES), hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and propranolol hydrochloride were of analytical grade and were purchased from Titan (Shanghai, China). Microscope coverslips (22 × 40 mm, no. 1.5) was supplied by Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). PDMS (Dow Corning Sylgard Silicone Elastomer-184) was provided from Krayden, Inc. (El Paso, TX). Purified water (18.25 mΩ cm) was produced from a Direct-pure UP Water System (RephiLe Bioscience, Ltd, China).

He N, & Zhao T. (2023). Propranolol induces large-scale remodeling of lipid bilayers: tubules, patches, and holes. RSC Advances, 13(11), 7719-7730.

Publication 2023

1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine Alabaster Chloroform Cholesterol Glycerin Glycerylphosphorylcholine Hydrochloric acid Lipids Microscopy Phosphatidylethanolamines Phospholipids Piperazine Propranolol Hydrochloride Silicone Elastomers Sodium Chloride Sodium Hydroxide Sulfonic Acids

Quantitative Lipidomics and Proteomics

HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH),
formic acid (FA), as well as Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit, Gibco Qualified
FBS, and ammonium bicarbonate were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific
(Dreieich, Germany). Dithiothreitol, iodoacetamide, HPLC-grade chloroform
(CHCl₃), urea, sodium deoxycholate (SDC), triethylammonium
bicarbonate (TEAB), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Sera-Mag
magnetic carboxylate modified hydrophilic and hydrophobic beads were
obtained from Merck and Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). Dulbecco’s
Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sequencing
grade modified trypsin, and HLB 1 cm³ (30 mg) extraction
cartridges, were purchased from PAN Biotech (Aidenbach, Germany),
Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany), Promega (Walldorf, Germany), and Waters
Oasis (Vienna, Austria), respectively. [U-¹³C]-labeled
yeast extract was purchased from ISOtopic Solutions (Vienna, Austria).
1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC)
and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
(DMPE) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA),
and 1,2,3-trimyristoyl-glycerol (TMG) was purchased from EDQM (Strasbourg,
France).
[U-¹³C]-labeled yeast extract of Pichia pastoris (2 billion cells, ISOtopic solutions, Vienna,
Austria) was reconstituted in 2 mL HPLC–H₂O aliquoted
and stored at −80 °C. 1,2- Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC, dissolved in CHCl₃, Avanti
Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DMPE, dissolved in CHCl₃:MeOH 65:35, v/v; Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA), and 1,2,3-trimyristoyl-glycerol
(TMG, dissolved in CHCl₃, EDQM, Strasbourg, France) were
combined and evaporated to dryness. The lipid film was taken up in
a mixture of CHCl₃:MeOH:H₂O (65:35:8, v/v/v)
leading to the final concentration of 0.2 mM for each standard. The
lipid standard was aliquoted and stored under argon at −80
°C. All experiments were performed using five independent experiments
(biological replicates).

van Pijkeren A., Egger A.S., Hotze M., Zimmermann E., Kipura T., Grander J., Gollowitzer A., Koeberle A., Bischoff R., Thedieck K, & Kwiatkowski M. (2023). Proteome Coverage after Simultaneous Proteo-Metabolome Liquid–Liquid Extraction. Journal of Proteome Research, 22(3), 951-966.

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Publication 2023

1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine acetonitrile Alabaster ammonium bicarbonate Argon Biological Assay Biopharmaceuticals Cells Chloroform Deoxycholic Acid, Monosodium Salt Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Dithiothreitol Eagle Edetic Acid formic acid Glycerin Glycerylphosphorylcholine High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Iodoacetamide Isotopes Komagataella pastoris Lipids Methanol Phosphatidylethanolamines Promega Proteins Serum Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl Trypsin Urea Yeast, Dried

Lipid Membrane Composition Evaluation

Multiple lipid systems have been evaluated during the work.

- Single lipid models containing POPC, POPE, POPS, POPI or DLiPE (1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine).

- Binary models containing mixtures of phospholipids with cholesterol (CHOL), ergosterol (ERGO), sitosterol (SITO) or stigmasterol (STIGM) (in 70/30 M ratios).

- Ternary systems containing POPE/POPI/ERGO (35/35/30 M ratios).

Rodríguez-Moraga N., Ramos-Martín F., Buchoux S., Rippa S., D’Amelio N, & Sarazin C. (2023). The effect of rhamnolipids on fungal membrane models as described by their interactions with phospholipids and sterols: An in silico study. Frontiers in Chemistry, 11, 1124129.

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Publication 2023

1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine Cholesterol Ergosterol Lipids Phosphatidylethanolamines Phospholipids sitosterol Stigmasterol

Top products related to «Phosphatidylethanolamines»

Cholesterol by Merck Group

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Cholesterol is a lab equipment product that measures the concentration of cholesterol in a given sample. It provides quantitative analysis of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels.

Dspe peg2000 by Avanti Polar Lipids

Sourced in United States, Germany

DSPE-PEG2000 is a lipid conjugate compound composed of distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with an average molecular weight of 2000 Da. It is a widely used material in the development of liposomal drug delivery systems and other biomedical applications.

Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific

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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.

Chloroform by Merck Group

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Chloroform is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is a commonly used solvent in a variety of laboratory applications, including extraction, purification, and sample preparation processes. Chloroform has a high density and is immiscible with water, making it a useful solvent for a range of organic compounds.

1 2 dipalmitoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine by Avanti Polar Lipids

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a synthetic phospholipid commonly used as a model system for the study of lipid membranes and their properties. It has a molecular formula of C40H80NO8P and is composed of two palmitoyl fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone, with a phosphocholine head group.

Cholesterol by Avanti Polar Lipids

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Cholesterol is a lipid compound found in animal cells. It is a core component of cell membranes and is essential for various physiological processes. Avanti Polar Lipids offers high-purity cholesterol for use in research and laboratory applications.

1 2 dioleoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine by Avanti Polar Lipids

Sourced in United States

1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a synthetic lipid compound. It is a phospholipid that consists of two oleic acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone, with a phosphocholine headgroup.

1 2 distearoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine by Avanti Polar Lipids

Sourced in United States

1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a lipid molecule that is commonly used as a component in various research and laboratory applications. It is a synthetic phospholipid that belongs to the class of phosphatidylcholines. The core function of this compound is to serve as a model system for studying membrane properties and behaviors in a controlled environment.

1 palmitoyl 2 oleoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine by Avanti Polar Lipids

Sourced in United States

1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phospholipid consisting of a glycerol backbone with a palmitic acid and an oleic acid esterified to the first and second carbons, respectively, and a phosphocholine group attached to the third carbon. This compound is a commonly used lipid in various biochemical and biophysical applications.

Oleic acid by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Italy, Japan, France, India, Spain, Sao Tome and Principe, United Kingdom, Sweden, Poland, Australia, Austria, Singapore, Canada, Switzerland, Ireland, Brazil, Saudi Arabia

Oleic acid is a long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid commonly used in various laboratory applications. It is a colorless to light-yellow liquid with a characteristic odor. Oleic acid is widely utilized as a component in various laboratory reagents and formulations, often serving as a surfactant or emulsifier.

What are the different types or variations of Phosphatidylethanolamines?

Phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) are a diverse class of phospholipids, with various subtypes that differ in their fatty acid composition and head group modifications. Some common PE subtypes include dioleoyl-PE, palmitoyl-oleoyl-PE, and stearoyl-arachidonoyl-PE. These different PE species can have distinct biophysical properties and functional roles within the cell membrane.

How do Phosphatidylethanolamines contribute to cellular signaling and membrane fluidity?

Phosphatidylethanolamines play a crucial role in cellular signaling pathways by serving as precursors for the generation of lipid second messengers, such as diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Additionally, the unique cone-shaped structure of PEs helps maintain membrane curvature and fluidity, which is essential for various cellular processes, including vesicle formation, ion channel regulation, and membrane fusion events.

What are some of the specific applications of Phosphatidylethanolamines in research and industry?

Phosphatidylethanolamines have a wide range of applications, including their use as emulsifiers in food and cosmetic products, as well as their incorporation into liposomal drug delivery systems to enhance the bioavailability and stability of therapeutic compounds. In research, PEs are often used as model membranes to study membrane-associated processes, such as protein-lipid interactions and membrane permeability.

How can PubCompare.ai assist in the optimal use and comparison of Phosphatidylethanolamines?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers more efficiently screen the protocol literature related to Phosphatidylethanolamines. The platform's advanced analytics can pinpoint critical insights, such as the most effective protocols for specific research goals, and highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness. This enables researchers to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy, ultimately enhancing their work with these versatile biomolecules.

Are there any common usage challenges or considerations when working with Phosphatidylethanolamines?

One common challenge when working with Phosphatidylethanolamines is their sensitivity to oxidation, which can alter their biophysical properties and functionality. Proper storage conditions, such as keeping them under inert gas and at low temperatures, are crucial to maintain the integrity of PEs. Additionally, the heterogeneity of PE species within a sample can complicate analysis and require specialized techniques, such as mass spectrometry, to accurately characterize the PE profile.

More about "Phosphatidylethanolamines"

Phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) are a class of phospholipids that play a crucial role in cellular processes.
These versatile biomolecules are found predominantly in the inner leaflet of cell membranes, where they contribute to membrane fluidity, lipid metabolism, and cellular signaling.
PE is closely related to other phospholipids like phosphatidylcholines (PCs), which are major components of cell membranes.
PEs can be synthesized through various pathways, including the decarboxylation of phosphatidylserines (PSs) and the CDP-ethanolamine pathway.
The composition of PEs can vary, with common species including 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE).
These different PE species can have distinct physical and biological properties, influencing membrane dynamics and cellular functions.
PEs have been widely studied for their potential applications in areas such as drug delivery, liposome formation, and biomembrane engineering.
For example, DSPE-PEG2000, a PEGylated form of DSPE, is commonly used to create stealth liposomes that can evade immune detection and enhance drug delivery.
Additionally, the incorporation of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid can modulate the properties of PE-containing membranes, impacting their fluidity and permeability.
Exploring the power of PEs with the help of PubCompare.ai's cutting-edge AI platform can provide researchers with valuable insights.
This platform enables the easy identification of relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, allowing for enhanced reproducibility and accuracy in scientific research.
By leveraging the AI-driven comparisons offered by PubCompare.ai, researchers can identify the best protocols and products for their specific needs, ultimately accelerating scientific discoveries and advancements.