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Phosphatidylinositols

Phosphatidylinositols are a class of lipids found in cell membranes that play crucial roles in cellular signaling and metabolic processes.
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Most cited protocols related to «Phosphatidylinositols»

The lipid extraction (adapted from Matyash et al. 23 (link)) was carried out in high grade polypropylene deep well plates. Fifty microliters of diluted plasma (50×) (equivalent of 1 μL of undiluted plasma) was mixed with 130 μL of ammonium bicarbonate solution and 810 μL of methyl tert-butyl ether/methanol (7:2, v/v) solution was added. Twenty-one microliters of internal standard mixture was pre-mixed with the organic solvents mixture. The internal standard mixture contained: 50 pmol of lysophasphatidylglycerol (LPG) 17:1, 50 pmol of lysophosphatic acid (LPA) 17:0, 500 pmol of phosphatidylcholine (PC) 17:0/17:0, 30 pmol of hexosylceramide (HexCer) 18:1;2/12:0, 50 pmol of phosphatidylserine (PS) 17:0/17:0, 50 pmol of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 17:0/17:0, 50 pmol of phosphatic acid (PA) 17:0/17:0, 50 pmol of lysophposphatidylinositol (LPI 17:1), 50 pmol of lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) 17:1, 1 nmol cholesterol (Chol) D6, 100 pmol of diacylglycerol (DAG) 17:0/17:0, 50 pmol of triacylglycerol (TAG) 17:0/17:0/17:0, 50 pmol of ceramide (Cer) 18:1;2/17:0, 200 pmol of sphingomyelin (SM) 18:1;2/12:0, 50 pmol of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 12:0, 30 pmol of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) 17:1, 50 pmol of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 17:0/17:0, 100 pmol of cholesterol ester (CE) 20:0, 50 pmol of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 16:0/16:0. The plate was then sealed with a teflon-coated lid, shaken at 4°C for 15 min, and spun down (3000 g, 5 min) to facilitate separation of the liquid phases and clean-up of the upper organic phase. Hundred microliters of the organic phase was transferred to an infusion plate and dried in a speed vacuum concentrator. Dried lipids were re-suspended in 40 μL of 7.5 mM ammonium acetate in chloroform/methanol/propanol (1:2:4, v/v/v) and the wells were sealed with an aluminum foil to avoid evaporation and contamination during infusion. All liquid handling steps were performed using Hamilton STARlet robotic platform with the Anti Droplet Control feature for organic solvents pipetting.
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Publication 2015
1-Propanol Acids Aluminum ammonium acetate ammonium bicarbonate Ceramides Chloroform Cholesterol Cholesterol Esters Diacylglycerol Lipids Lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylethanolamine lysophosphatidylserine Methanol methyl tert-butyl ether Phosphates Phosphatidylcholines phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphatidyl Glycerol Phosphatidylinositols Phosphatidylserines Plasma Polypropylenes Solvents Sphingomyelins Teflon Triglycerides Vacuum
This is modification from a previously published protocol described in [29 (link)]. Cells in 25 μl growth medium were rapidly fixed by the addition of 25 μl aldehyde in PBS to achieve a final concentration of 4% FA and 0.2% GA (glutaraldehyde); fixation was allowed to proceed for 15 min at room temperature (20–24 °C) before rinsing three times with PBS containing 50 mM NH4Cl. Slides were then placed on a metal plate in a deep ice bath and chilled for at least 2 min. All subsequent steps were performed on ice, with all solutions pre-chilled. Cells were blocked and permeabilized for 45 min with a solution of buffer A containing 5% (v/v) NGS (normal goat serum), 50 mM NH4Cl and 0.5% saponin. 100 nM GST–PH-PLCδ1 was included at this stage when the protein was used as a probe for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and GST-tagged protein was then removed by two rinses with buffer A. Primary antibodies were applied in buffer A with 5% NGS and 0.1% saponin for 1 h. After two washes in buffer A, a 45 min incubation with secondary antibody in buffer A with 5% NGS and 0.1% saponin was performed. Slides were then rinsed four times with buffer A, and cells were post-fixed in 2% FA in PBS for 10 min on ice, before warming to room temperature for an additional 5 min. FA was removed by three rinses in PBS containing 50 mM NH4Cl, followed by one rinse in distilled water. Wells were then dried, covered with 3 μl ProLong Gold (Invitrogen) supplemented with 1 μg/ml DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and covered with 22 mm×22 mm glass cover slips (No. 1 thickness, Scientific Laboratory Supplies), and sealed with nail varnish.
Publication 2009
Aldehydes Antibodies Bath Buffers Cells Culture Media DAPI Electroplating Glutaral Goat Gold Immunoglobulins Nails Phosphatidylinositols Proteins Saponin Serum
Lipid extracts were dissolved in 60 μl of chloroform/methanol (1:2, v/v) and subjected to mass spectrometric analysis using an LTQ Orbitrap XL instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific) equipped with a TriVersa NanoMate (Advion Biosciences) as previously described [4 (link),7 (link)]. The 10:1-phase lipid extracts were analyzed by positive ion mode multiplexed FT MS analysis with scan ranges m/z 280-580 (monitoring lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) species) and m/z 500-1200 (monitoring sphingomyelin (SM), ceramide (Cer), diacylglycerol (DAG), PC, ether-linked PC (PC O-), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamine (PE O-) and triacylglycerol (TAG) species). The 2:1-phase lipid extracts were analyzed by negative ion mode multiplexed FT MS analysis with scan ranges m/z 370-660 (monitoring lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) species) and m/z 550-1700 (monitoring phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and sulfatide (SHexCer) species). All FT MS spectra were acquired in profile mode using a target mass resolution of 100,000 (fwhm), activation of isolation waveforms, automatic gain control at 1e6, max injection time at 250 ms and acquisition of 2 µscans.
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Publication 2013
Ceramides Chloroform Diacylglycerol Ethyl Ether isolation Lipids lysophosphatidic acid Lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylethanolamine lysophosphatidylinositol lysophosphatidylserine M 280 Mass Spectrometry Methanol Phosphatidic Acid phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphatidyl Glycerol Phosphatidylinositols Phosphatidylserines Radionuclide Imaging Sphingomyelins Sulfoglycosphingolipids Triglycerides
Lipid classes are: PE, phosphatidylethanolamines; LPE; lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines; PE-O, 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamines; PS, phosphatidylserines; PC, phosphatidylcholines; PC-O, 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphocholines; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholines; SM, sphingomyelins; PA, phosphatidic acids; PG, phosphatidylglycerols; PI, phosphatidylinositols; DAG, diacylglycerols; TAG, triacylglycerols; CL, cardiolipins; LCL, triacyl-lysocardiolipins; Cer, ceramides; Chol, cholesterol; CholEst, cholesterol esters.
Individual molecular species are annotated as follows: :/:. For example, PC 18:0/18:1 stands for a phosphatidylcholine comprising the moieties stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1) fatty acids. If the exact composition of fatty acid or fatty alcohol moieties is not known, the species are annotated as: :. In this way, PC 36:1 stands for a PC species having 36 carbon atoms and one double bond in both fatty acid moieties.
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Publication 2011
Carbon Cardiolipins Ceramides Cholesterol Cholesterol Esters Diglycerides Fatty Acids Fatty Alcohols Lipids Lysophosphatidylcholines Phosphatidic Acids Phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylglycerols Phosphatidylinositols Phosphatidylserines Sphingomyelins Triglycerides
Endogenous lipids from mouse liver and heart were detected and quantified using several techniques. FC was quantified using straight-phase HPLC and ELS detection as previously described10 (link). Quantification was made against an external calibration curve. This chromatographic set-up was also used to fractionate DG. Quantification of CE, TG, SM, and phospholipids (all from the total extract) and DG (fractionated from the HPLC) was made by direct infusion (shotgun) on a QTRAP 5500 mass spectrometer (Sciex, Concord, Canada) equipped with a robotic nanoflow ion source, TriVersa NanoMate (Advion BioSciences, Ithaca, NJ)11 (link). For this analysis, total lipid extracts, stored in chloroform:methanol (2:1), were diluted with internal standard-containing chloroform/methanol (1:2) with 5mM ammonium acetate and then infused directly into the mass spectrometer. The characteristic dehydrocholesterol fragment m/z 369.3 was selected for precursor ion scanning of CE in positive ion mode12 (link). The analysis of TG and DG was performed in positive ion mode by neutral loss detection of 10 common acyl fragments formed during collision induced dissociation13 (link). The PC, LPC and SM were detected using precursor ion scanning of m/z 184.114 (link), while the PE, phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipid classes were detected using neutral loss of m/z 141.0, m/z 185.0, m/z 189.0 and m/z 277.0 respectively15 (link)16 (link). For quantification, lipid class-specific internal standards were used. The internal standards were either deuterated or contained diheptadecanoyl (C17:0) fatty acids.
Ceramides (CER), dihydroceramides (DiCER), glucosylceramides (GlcCER) and lactosylceramides (LacCER) were quantified using a QTRAP 5500 mass spectrometer equipped with a Rheos Allegro quaternary ultra-performance pump (Flux Instruments, Basel, Switzerland). Before analysis the total extract was exposed to alkaline hydrolysis (0.1M potassium hydroxide in methanol) to remove phospholipids that could potentially cause ion suppression effects. After hydrolysis the samples were reconstituted in chloroform:methanol:water [3:6:2] and analyzed as previously described17 (link).
For the recovery experiments the tissue samples were spiked with non-endogenously present lipids (or endogenous lipids spiked at relatively high levels) and could therefore all be detected by lipid class specific scans using the shotgun approach. In the recovery experiment we therefore also included the PA and phosphatidylcholine plasmalogen (PC P) lipid class, which we could not measure endogenously using our current analytical platform. Due to poor ionization efficiency, FC was derivatized and analyzed as picolinyl esters according to previous publication18 (link). See Table 1 for details. With some exceptions, lipids are annotated according to Liebisch et al.19 (link).
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Publication 2016
Allegro ammonium acetate Ceramides Chloroform Chromatography Dehydrocholesterols dihydroceramide Esters Fatty Acids Glucosylceramides Heart High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hydrolysis Lactosylceramides Lipids Liver Methanol Mice, House Phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidyl Glycerol Phosphatidylinositols Phosphatidylserines Phospholipids Plasmalogens potassium hydroxide Radionuclide Imaging Tissues

Most recents protocols related to «Phosphatidylinositols»

Stock solutions (1–10 mg/mL)
of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (POPS, Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA), and
ATTO 390-1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
(Atto 390-DPPE, ATTO-TEC, Siegen, Germany) were prepared in chloroform. l-α-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns[4,5]P2, brain porcine, Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA)
was freshly dissolved in chloroform/methanol/H2O (10:20:8)
to a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. Lipid mixtures (0.4 mg) were
prepared in chloroform/methanol (10:1), and organic solvents were
evaporated with a nitrogen stream followed by 3 h in vacuum. The dried
lipid films were stored at 4 °C until needed.
Small unilamellar
vesicles (SUVs) were prepared by rehydrating a lipid film in spreading
buffer (50 mM KCl, 20 mM Na-citrate, 0.1 mM NaN3, 0.1 mM
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), pH 4.8),38 (link) incubating for 30 min, subsequent vortexing (3 × 30
s at 5 min intervals), and a final sonification step for 30 min at
room temperature (cycle 4, 60%, Sonopuls HD2070, resonator cup; Bandelin,
Berlin, Germany). PtdIns[4,5]P2 containing SUVs were used
immediately for the preparation of SLBs to avoid PtdIns[4,5]P2 degradation.65 (link)
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Publication 2023
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine Acids Alabaster bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane Brain Chloroform Citrates Edetic Acid Lipid A Lipids Methanol Nitrogen Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylinositols Pigs Serine Sodium Azide Solvents Vacuum
Protein kinase A, lactate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenol-pyruvate were purchased from Roche CustomBiotech (Indianapolis, IN). Adenosine-5′-triphosphate disodium salt (ATP) ultrapure 98% was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA). Verapamil was acquired from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO). n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM) was bought from Inalco S. p.A (Milano, Italy). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Burlington, MA).
E. coli polar lipids (polar extract) and synthetic lipids were acquired from Avanti (Alabaster, AL); these include 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or 16:0-18:1 PC (POPC), 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (POPS), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylinositol (POPI), 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG), DPPA, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate or 16:0 PA, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). Sphingomyelin (SM) was >99% pure from porcine brain with major acyl chains of 18:0 (50%) and 21:1 (21%), and cardiolipin (CL) was from >99% bovine heart with major acyl chains of 18:2 (90%). All synthetic lipids, SM and CL had very low tryptophan fluorescence (ex/em 295/350 nm) if purchased as powder. Cholesterol (Chol) and cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) were purchased from Anatrace (Maumee, OH).
General chemicals were at the highest grade from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, Massachusetts).
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Publication 2023
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine Adenosine Triphosphate Alabaster Brain Cardiolipins Cattle Cholesterol cholesterol-hemisuccinate Coenzyme I Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Escherichia coli Fluorescence Glycerylphosphorylcholine Heart Lactate Dehydrogenase Lipids Phosphates Phosphatidylethanolamines Phosphatidylglycerols Phosphatidylinositols Phosphoenolpyruvate Pigs Powder Serine Sodium Chloride Sphingomyelins Tryptophan Verapamil
All intensity-based image processing and analysis were performed using ImageJ/(Fiji) software (Schindelin et al., 2012 (link)). The Imaris software (Bitplane AG, Switzerland) was specifically used to generate 3D projections and volume renderings. For analysis of the microtubule patterning, z-stacks were deconvolved with Huygens Essential version 22.04 (Scientific Volume Imaging, The Netherlands), using the CMLE algorithm, with Acuity: –60 and 20 iterations.
FLIM-based images were analyzed using LAS X SP8 Control Software (Leica Microsystems GmbH). Global fitting of the intensity decay profile using n-exponential reconvolution was performed to separate major fluorescent components within each channel and calculate their lifetime. The number of components (n) used for curve fitting was determined according to the evaluation of the chi-squared (χ2) value (Lakowicz, 2006 (link)) and a threshold of 30 photons was applied to generate the final images, unless otherwise stated. Components with lifetime value <1 ns representing autofluorescent species accumulating in plant cell walls (Donaldson, 2020 (link); Heskes et al., 2012 (link)) were subtracted from each channel.
All data on reconvolution of decay profiles of images presented in the article are provided as source files.
Since global fitting does not always allow to resolve and characterize the decay profile of pixels constituting minor populations within an image (Ranjit et al., 2018 (link)), the decay profile of fluorescent emission of regions of interest (ROIs) selected on membrane domains was additionally analyzed for the analysis and quantification of PI(4,5)P2 membrane enrichment. n-exponential fitting of the decay curve was carried out to resolve lifetime values associated with each ROI (Figure 5—figure supplement 1). Reconvolution data from all images and selected ROIs analyzed are provided as source files. Further, the raw decay profile of each ROI was analyzed using the Phasor approach to obtain a Phasor fingerprint whose position describes the fluorescent emission at that region and reflects its composition with respect to the relative abundance of fluorescent species (Figure 5—figure supplement 1) (see Ranjit et al., 2018 (link) and Malacrida et al., 2021 (link) for a detailed description of the Phasor approach). Phasor plots were generated using a second harmonic, a threshold of 22 photons, and a median of 15. To visualize and compare the Phasor fingerprint of ROIs selected in multiple images from different genotypes, the center of mass of Phasor images depicting the pixel populations originating from each ROI was calculated images using ImageJ/(Fiji) (Schindelin et al., 2012 (link)) and the obtained XM and YM coordinates were plotted on a graph (Figure 5—figure supplement 1). A Mann-Whitney non-parametric test was performed to detect statistically significant differences between XM and YM values.
For the quantification of PI(4,5)P2 and PI4P membrane enrichment, the mean fluorescence intensity of freehand ROIs drawn on the IT tip and on the plasma membrane of infected root hairs were measured on images of single fluorescent components from each channel, obtained from global fitting of the intensity decay profile (threshold of 20 photons) and subtraction of components with lifetime <1 ns (both channels) and >1.7 ns (channel 2). The mean intensity of a 2.5 × 2.5 μm square ROI outside of the infected root hair cell was measured as a background value, subtracted from each ROI and the mean gray value on the IT tip was divided by the mean gray value on the plasma membrane [(IntIT tip - Intbkgd) / (IntPM- Intbkgd)] for each component to obtain an index of the enrichment of each phosphoinositide at the IT tip relative to the plasma membrane. Statistically significant differences were detected using a Mann-Whitney non-parametric test.
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Publication 2023
Auditory Hair Cell Dietary Supplements Fluorescence Genotype Hair Microtubules Phosphatidylinositols Plant Cells Plant Roots Plasma Membrane Population Group Tissue, Membrane
The transfected cells or xenograft tumor tissue samples were rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and lysed in Pierce™ RIPA buffer (cat. no. 89900; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) with Halt™ phosphatase and protease inhibitor cocktail (cat. no. 1862495 and 1862209; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). The quantification of proteins in the cell lysate was performed using a BCA protein assay (cat. no. 23228; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). Equal amounts (20 µg/lane) of protein lysate were separated by electrophoresis on 8-12% polyacrylamide gels and transferred onto Immobilon®-P transfer membranes (cat. no. IPVH00010; MilliporeSigma). The blot membranes were incubated with 5% BSA solution at room temperature for 1 h and immunoblotted with specific antibodies (1:1,000 dilution) overnight at 4°C. Antibodies against ADAM12 (cat. no. ab28747), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 (cat. no. ab37150) and MMP9 (cat. no. ab58803) were purchased from Abcam. Antibodies against E-cadherin (cat. no. #14472), Snail (cat. no. #3879), vimentin (cat. no. #5741), claudin-1 (cat. no. #4933), integrin α5 (cat. no. #4705), integrin β1 (cat. no. #9699), integrin β3 (cat. no. #13166), phosphorylated (p)-AKT (S473) (cat. no. #4060), p-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) (S241) (cat. no. #3438), p-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) (S9) (cat. no. #9323), total AKT (cat. no. #4691), total PDK1 (cat. no. #3062), total GSK-3β (cat. no. #9832) and Myc-tag (cat. no. #2278) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. Antibodies against β-tubulin (cat. no. sc-9104) and GAPDH (cat. no. sc-25778) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. The blot membranes were washed four times with Tris-buffered saline-0.1% Tween-20 (TBS-T) and were then incubated with a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (anti-rabbit, cat. no. #7074, anti-mouse, cat. no. #7076; Cell Signaling, Technology, Inc.) at 1:2,000 dilution for 1 h at room temperature. Amersham ECL Prime Western Blotting Detection Reagent (cat no. RPN2232SK; Cytiva) was used for blot development. Visualization of specific bands was obtained using the LAS-400 luminescent image analyzer (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation). Semi-quantification of specific bands was performed using Multi-Gauge gel analysis software (version 3.0; FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation).
Publication 2023
1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase ADAM12 protein, human Antibodies Biological Assay Buffers Cadherins Cells Claudin-1 Electrophoresis GAPDH protein, human Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta Helix (Snails) Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilon P Immunoglobulins Integrins Luminescence Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 MMP9 protein, human Mus Neoplasms Phosphates Phosphatidylinositols Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases polyacrylamide gels Protease Inhibitors Protein Kinases Proteins Rabbits Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay Saline Solution Technique, Dilution Tissue, Membrane Tissues Tubulin Tween 20 Vimentin Xenografting
In vitro PI4KIIIα lipid kinase assays were performed as described earlier (22). Post kinase assay the chloroform-extracted PI(4)P product was separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in n-propanol-2M acetic acid (65:35 v/v). PtdIns was visualized with I2 vapor following PI(4)P detection through autoradiography. PI4KIIIα activity was set as one-fold in control PC3 cells (PC3 scr and PC3-RFP) and compared with CXCR4 manipulated cells.
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Publication Preprint 2023
1-Propanol Acetic Acid Autoradiography Biological Assay Cells Chloroform CXCR4 protein, human Lipids Phosphatidylinositols Phosphotransferases Thin Layer Chromatography

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1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a synthetic lipid compound. It is a phospholipid that consists of two oleic acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone, with a phosphocholine headgroup.
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Phosphatidylinositol is a type of phospholipid found in the cell membranes of eukaryotic organisms. It plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeleton organization.
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1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine is a phospholipid compound used in research applications. It is a synthetic version of the naturally occurring phospholipid phosphatidylserine. The compound consists of a glycerol backbone with two oleic acid chains and a serine head group.
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Phosphatidylcholine is a naturally occurring phospholipid that is a major component of cell membranes. It is a colorless, viscous liquid at room temperature. Phosphatidylcholine is a key structural element in biological membranes and plays a crucial role in cellular function and integrity.
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Phosphatidylethanolamine is a lab equipment product manufactured by Avanti Polar Lipids. It is a type of phospholipid, a key component of biological membranes. Phosphatidylethanolamine plays a role in various cellular processes and functions.
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1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is a synthetic phospholipid product offered by Avanti Polar Lipids. It is a phosphatidylethanolamine lipid with two oleic acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone and a phosphoethanolamine head group.
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L-α-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate is a phospholipid that is a key component of cell membranes. It plays a crucial role in various cellular signaling processes.
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1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phospholipid consisting of a glycerol backbone with a palmitic acid and an oleic acid esterified to the first and second carbons, respectively, and a phosphocholine group attached to the third carbon. This compound is a commonly used lipid in various biochemical and biophysical applications.
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Phosphatidylinositol is a type of phospholipid found in the cell membrane of many organisms. It serves as a precursor for various signaling molecules involved in cellular processes.
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Phosphatidylglycerol is a type of phospholipid that is a key component of cell membranes. It plays a crucial role in the structural integrity and function of various biological systems.

More about "Phosphatidylinositols"

Phosphatidylinositols (PIs) are a class of lipids found in cell membranes that play crucial roles in cellular signaling and metabolic processes.
These lipids are composed of a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphoinositide headgroup.
PIs are involved in a variety of cellular functions, including cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeleton organization.
Some key subtopics related to Phosphatidylinositols include: 1.
Phosphatidylinositol (PI): A common PI that serves as a precursor for other phosphoinositides, such as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). 2.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2): A critical signaling lipid involved in cell signaling, membrane dynamics, and cytoskeleton regulation. 3.
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3): An important second messenger that plays a role in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. 4.
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE): Other important phospholipids found in cell membranes that can interact with and influence the behavior of Phosphatidylinositols. 5. 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DOPS): Synthetic lipids used in research related to Phosphatidylinositols and their interactions with other membrane components. 6.
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG): A glycerophospholipid that can also be found in cell membranes and may interact with Phosphatidylinositols.
The PubCompare.ai platform revolutionizes research on Phosphatidylinositols by providing an AI-driven solution to help scientists efficiently locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
The platform compares and optimizes your research workflow for maximum productivity, allowing you to experienece the future of scientific discovery today.