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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) are a class of essential fatty acids that play a vital role in human health.
They are characterized by the presence of multiple double bonds within their carbon chain structure.
PUFAs are further classified into two main families: omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
These fatty acids are crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health, brain function, and inflammation regulation.
Resaerch into the optimal uses and effects of PUFAs is an active area of scientific inquiry.
PubCompare.ai offers a powerful AI-driven tool to streamline and optimize this research proccess, helping scientists identify the best protocols and products from literature, preprints, and patents to improve reproducibility and advance the field of PUFA studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids»

Using a FFQ, participants reported the intake of foods consumed during the previous month. The FFQ was designed for the Dutch population and based on the VetExpress, a 104-item FFQ, valid for estimating the intake of energy, total fat, saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and cholesterol in adults [5 (link)]. The VetExpress was updated and extended with vegetables, fruit, and foods for estimating the intake of specific PUFA’s, vitamins, minerals, and flavonoids. To identify relevant foods and food groups for this questionnaire, food consumption data of the Dutch National Food Survey of 1998 were used. Foods that contributed >0.1% to the intake of one of the nutrients of interest of adults were added in this survey. Thus, the FFQ is expected to include foods that cover the daily intake of each nutrient of food of interest for at least 90%. In a final step, foods were clustered to food items and extended with new foods on the market and foods to guarantee face validity. The FFQ was sent to each study participant, and after completing it, the participants returned the FFQ in an envelope free of postal charge. A dietician went through each FFQ to check for completeness. If necessary, she contacted the participants by telephone and obtained information on unclear or missing items. The FFQ also included questions on adherence to a special diet as well as questions about the use of dietary supplements.
Some of the offspring and their partners who completed the general questionnaire of the LLS were invited to the clinic for additional measurements at the Leiden University Medical Center. These measurements lasted a half day and couples were invited for the morning program or the afternoon program, which were slightly different due to practical reasons. The first 24-hour recall was performed in those participants who came to the clinic for the measurement in the morning program [N=128 (Noffspring=62, Ncontrol=66)]. A dietician asked the participants about their dietary intake of the previous day covering all foods and beverages consumed from waking up until the next morning. The dieticians received standardized training, using a formal protocol, to reduce the impact of the interview on the reporting process. For the two remaining recalls, the dietician contacted the participants by telephone within the next seven days. The 24-hour recalls were performed throughout the year and the days were chosen non-consecutively. They include a randomly assigned combination of days of the week with all days of the week represented (80% weekdays and 20% weekend days), for each individual.
The food data from both dietary assessment methods were converted into energy and nutrient intake by using the NEVO food composition database of 2006 [6 ]. Furthermore, foods were categorized into 24 major food groups. Age was calculated from date of birth and completion date of the FFQ. For subjects with missing information on the date of completing the FFQ, we used the median date of the other subjects.
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Publication 2013
Adult Beverages Birth Cholesterol Diet Dietary Supplements Dietitian Eating Flavonoids Food Fruit Mental Recall Minerals Nutrient Intake Nutrients Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Vegetables Vitamins
A high-throughput NMR metabolomics platform8 was used for the quantification of 68 lipid and abundant metabolite measures from baseline serum samples of the FINRISK, SABRE, and BWHHS cohorts. All metabolites were measured in a single experimental setup, which allows for the simultaneous quantification of both routine lipids, total lipid concentrations of 14 lipoprotein subclasses, fatty acid composition such as monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), various glycolysis precursors, ketone bodies and amino acids in absolute concentration units (Supplemental Table 1).8 (link) The targeted metabolite profiling therefore includes both known metabolic risk factors and metabolites from multiple physiological pathways, which have not previously been examined in relation to CVD risk in large population studies. The 68 metabolite measures were assessed for association with incident CVD events using a hypothesis-generating biomarker discovery approach with subsequent replication in two independent cohorts. Spearman’s correlations of the metabolites are shown in Supplemental Figure 1. The NMR metabolomics platform has previously been used in various epidemiological studies9 ,10 (link),16 (link),17 (link),20 (link)–22 (link),31 (link),32 (link), details of the experimentation have been described9 ,24 (link), and the method has recently been reviewed.8 (link),19 (link)A subset of 679 serum samples from the FINRISK study were additionally profiled with liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using the Metabolon platform33 (link) in a case-cohort design for comparison of biomarker associations with incident CVD (expanded methods online). The biomarker associations were further compared with those obtained by LC-MS-based profiling of the Framingham Offspring Study (fifth examination cycle, n=2289 fasting plasma samples), as described in detail previously.13 (link),14 (link) Since several fatty acid biomarkers were not measured by LC-MS, the quantification was analytically confirmed by comparing NMR and gas chromatography in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS, n=2193 fasting serum samples).34 (link) Metabolite profiling data collected at two-time points in YFS9 was further used to examine associations of dietary intake with the circulating biomarkers, and tracking of concentrations within the same individuals over 6 years.
Publication 2015
Amino Acids Biological Markers DNA Replication Fatty Acids Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated Gas Chromatography Glycolysis Ketone Bodies Lipids Lipoproteins Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry physiology Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Serum
We obtained the relative risk (RR) per unit of exposure (for risks measured continuously) or for each exposure category (for risks measured in categories) for diseases with probable or convincing causal associations with each risk factor, based on the most recent published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of epidemiological studies or by conducting new systematic reviews and meta-analyses when they were not available in the published literature (Tables 27).
The studies used for etiological effect sizes included both randomized intervention studies of exposure reduction and observational studies (primarily prospective cohort studies) that estimated the effects of baseline exposure. The majority of observational studies used for effect sizes had adjusted for important potential confounding factors. Each RR used in our analysis represents the best evidence for the proportional effect of risk factor exposure on disease-specific mortality in the population based on the current causes and determinants of the population distribution of exposure (see also Discussion).
We used RRs for blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and FPG that were adjusted for regression dilution bias using studies that had repeated exposure measurement [7] (link),[11] (link), [12] (link); for blood pressure and LDL cholesterol, the adjusted magnitude is supported by effect sizes from randomized studies [13] (link),[14] (link). Evidence from a large prospective study with multiple measurements of weight and height showed that regression dilution bias did not affect the RRs for BMI, possibly because there is less variability [15] (link). RRs for dietary salt and PUFA-SFA replacement were from intervention studies, and hence unlikely to be affected by regression dilution bias. RRs for dietary trans fatty acids were primarily from studies that had used cumulative averaging of repeated measurements [16] (link) that reduces but may not fully correct for regression dilution bias. RRs for physical inactivity, alcohol use, smoking, and dietary omega-3 fatty acids and fruits and vegetables were not corrected for regression dilution bias due to insufficient current information from epidemiological studies on exposure measurement error and variability, which is especially important when error and variability of self-reported exposure may themselves differ across studies.
For each risk factor–disease pair, we used the same RR for men and women except where empirical evidence indicated that the RR differed by sex: colon and pancreas cancers caused by high BMI [17] (link), and all disease outcomes caused by alcohol use and tobacco smoking, for which there are sex differences in factors such as smoking duration and intensity [18] (link) and type of alcohol consumed [19] . The RRs for some risk factor–disease associations vary by age, especially for cardiovascular diseases. We used consistent age-varying distributions of RRs across risk factors and diseases (Tables 27).
The current evidence suggests that when measured comparably the proportional effects of the risk factors considered in this analysis are similar across populations, e.g., Western and Asian populations [7] (link),[20] (link),[21] (link). The exception to this observation is the effects of alcohol use on ischemic heart disease (IHD) where the pattern of drinking (regular versus binge) determines the RR. We used both the average quantity of alcohol consumed as well as the drinking pattern in our analysis of exposure and RRs for alcohol use and IHD. The effects of alcohol on injuries and violence may also be modified by social, policy, and transportation factors. Therefore, we did not pool epidemiological studies on the injury effects of alcohol from different countries, but used data sources that appropriately measure effects in the US (Table 4).
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Publication 2009
Asian Americans Blood Pressure Cardiovascular Diseases Cholesterol, beta-Lipoprotein Colon Diet Ethanol Fruit Injuries Myocardial Ischemia Omega-3 Fatty Acids Pancreatic Cancer Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Population Group Sodium Chloride, Dietary Technique, Dilution Trans Fatty Acids Vegetables Woman
The PANDiet aims to measure the overall diet quality of an individual through the probability of having an adequate nutrient intake.
We selected 24 nutrients for inclusion in the PANDiet: protein, total carbohydrate, fibre, total fat, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, vitamins A, B-6, B-12, C, D and E, calcium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, potassium, iron and sodium. This selection was based on the available current national nutritional recommendations for French [25] –[30] and US adults [31] –[38] , and the availability of data in ENNS and NHANES food composition databases.
We used the probabilistic approach developed by the Institute of Medicine [20] to estimate, for each individual, if the usual intake of a nutrient was adequate. The calculation of the probability takes into account the number of days of dietary data, the mean intake and the day-to-day variability of intake, the nutrient reference value and the interindividual variability (Figure 1). Values range from 0 to 1, where 1 represents a 100% probability that the usual intake was adequate
For each nutrient, adequate intake was assumed to be the level likely to satisfy the nutrient requirements and unlikely to be excessive and elicit adverse health effects. Therefore, we assessed separately the probability that the intake was adequate inasmuch as it satisfied the requirement, on one hand, and the probability that it was not excessive, on the other hand. Consequently, the PANDiet was constructed based on two sub-scores - the Adequacy sub-score and the Moderation sub-score.
The Adequacy sub-score was calculated as the average of the probability of adequacy for items for which the usual intake should be above a reference value, multiplied by 100. According to the nutrient reference values, the probability was determined as follows:
The Moderation sub-score was calculated as the average of the probability of adequacy for items for which the usual intake should not exceed a reference value and penalty values, multiplied by 100. According to the nutrient reference values, the probability was determined as follows:
For other vitamins and minerals with available upper tolerable limits but where the risk of excessive intake is low, we used a penalty value system: a value equal to 0 was generated when the average intake of a nutrient exceeded the upper tolerable limit of intake.
The PANDiet score is the average of the Adequacy and Moderation sub-scores. In principle, the score ranges from 0 to 100; the higher the score, the better the diet quality.
A French implementation of the PANDiet (Figure 2) was developed based on the French nutritional recommendations for adults [25] –[27] , including European Community values when specific French recommendations did not exist [28] –[30] . A US implementation of the PANDiet (Figure 3) was developed based on the US nutritional recommendations for adults [31] –[38] . Although the structure of these two implementations is almost identical, it should be noted that the differences in reference values renders cross-national comparisons of PANDiet scores meaningless.
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Publication 2012
Adult Calcium, Dietary Carbohydrates Cholesterol Diet Fibrosis Folate Food Iron Magnesium Minerals Niacin Nutrient Intake Nutrients Nutritional Requirements Phosphorus Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Potassium Proteins Riboflavin Sodium Thiamine Vitamins Zinc

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Publication 2015
Airborne Particulate Matter Diet Households Obesity Ozone Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Most recents protocols related to «Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids»

Example 4

FIG. 6—(A) VLC-PUFA and elovanoids ELV1 and ELV2 mediated effect on Bid upregulation in ARPE-19 cells under stress. This figure displays the downregulation of the proapoptotic protein of the Bcl2 family Bid by western blot analysis by VLC-PUFA and elovanoids in RPE cells in culture under oxidative-stress. Results indicate that upregulated Bid protein by OS, as evident from the figure, was inhibited by both elovanoids and VLC-PUFA. It is interesting to see that the sodium salts of the elovaniod precursors are more effective than the methyl ester forms. (B) VLC-PUFA and ELV1 and ELV2 compounds mediated upregulation of Bid in ARPE-19 cells under stress. This Figure shows the quantification of Bid downregulation.

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Patent 2024
Apoptosis Inducing Proteins bcl-2 Gene Bid Protein Cells Down-Regulation Esters Inflammation Neurodegenerative Disorders Oxidative Stress Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Salts Sodium Therapeutics Up-Regulation (Physiology) Western Blot
Not available on PMC !

Example 8

FIG. 10—(A) Effect of NPD1 and VLC-PUFA C32:6 and C34:6 in mediating upregulation of SIRT1 in ARPE-19 cells. (B) Quantification of SIRT1 upregulation by NPD1, C32:6 and C34:6. SIRT1 (Sirtuin1) belongs to a family of highly conserved proteins linked to caloric restriction beneficial outcomes and aging by regulating energy metabolism, genomic stability and stress resistance. SIRT1 is a potential therapeutic target in several diseases including cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases or disorders. Elovanoids induce cell survival involving the upregulation of the Bcl2 class of survival proteins and the downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bad and Bax under oxidative stress (OS) in RPE cells. The data in this Figure suggest that elovanoids upregulate SIRT1 abundance in human RPE cells when confronted with OS. As a consequence, remarkable cell survival takes place. This target of elovanoids might be relevant to counteract consequences of several diseases associated with SIRT1.

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Patent 2024
Anastasis B-Cell Leukemia 2 Family Proteins Caloric Restriction Cells Cell Survival Diabetes Mellitus Energy Metabolism Genomic Stability Homo sapiens Inflammation Malignant Neoplasms Neurodegenerative Disorders Oxidative Stress Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Sirtuin 1 Staphylococcal Protein A Therapeutics Up-Regulation (Physiology)

Example 6

FIG. 8—(A) Bcl-xL-upregulation by elovanoids ELV1 and ELV2 in ARPE-19 cells under stress. Bcl-xL is the antiapoptotic Bcl2 family protein. Like proapoptotic proteins Bid and Bim, the effect of elovaniod precursors on the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL was tested in this figure in RPE cells under OS. Results showed that elovaniod precursors were able to upregulate the Bcl-xL protein in RPE cells under stress, which is the opposite effect of Bid and Bim. (B) Effect of NPD1, ELV1 and ELV2 on Bax expression in LOX-D cells under stress. Proapoptotic Bax was tested in this figure. It is evident that elovaniod precursors downregulated the Bax upregulation by OS in RPE cells under OS, which is consistent with our inhibition of apoptosis experiments, as shown before. C) VLC-PUFA and elovanoids ELV1 and ELV2 mediated effect on Bax upregulation in ARPE-19 cells under stress. In this experiment, elovanoid precursors along with VLC-PUFA were tested on the downregulation of the Bax protein in RPE cells under stress.

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Patent 2024
Anastasis Apoptosis Inducing Proteins Apoptosis Inhibiting Proteins Bax Protein bcl-2 Gene BCL2L1 protein, human Cells Down-Regulation Inflammation Neurodegenerative Disorders Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Somatostatin-Secreting Cells Therapeutics Transcriptional Activation

Example 5

FIG. 7—A) VLC-PUFA and ELV1 and ELV2 compounds mediated upregulation of Bim in ARPE-19 cells under stress. Bim, another class of Bcl2 family, has been tested like Bid in this figure to confirm our previous results. VLC-PUFA and elovanoids protected the upregulation of Bim by OS, similar to Bid, in RPE cells under stress. (B) VLC-PUFA and elovanoids mediated effect on Bim upregulation in ARPE-19 cells under stress. This Figure shows the quantification of Bim downregulation.

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Patent 2024
BCL2 protein, human Cells Down-Regulation Inflammation Neurodegenerative Disorders Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Therapeutics Transcriptional Activation

Example 7

FIG. 9—(A) VLC-PUFA and elovanoids ELV1 and ELV2 mediated effect on Bcl2 upregulation in ARPE-19 cells under stress. In this experiment we tested the effect of elovaniod precursors on Blc2 upregulation along with VLC-PUFA in stressed RPE. (B) Quantification of Bcl2 upregulation by NPD1, ELV1 and ELV2 in LOX-D cells. Bcl2 is an important antiapoptotic protein of the Bcl2 family protein. It is evident that elovaniod precursors upregulated the Bcl2 protein in RPE cells under stress.

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Patent 2024
bcl-2 Gene BCL2 protein, human Inflammation Neurodegenerative Disorders Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Somatostatin-Secreting Cells Therapeutics Transcriptional Activation

Top products related to «Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids»

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The Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix is a laboratory standard containing a mixture of 37 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in known proportions. It is designed for the identification and quantification of fatty acids in various sample types through gas chromatographic analysis.
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SAS 9.4 is an integrated software suite for advanced analytics, data management, and business intelligence. It provides a comprehensive platform for data analysis, modeling, and reporting. SAS 9.4 offers a wide range of capabilities, including data manipulation, statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and visual data exploration.
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PUFA-3 is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is designed for the analysis and quantification of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in various samples. The core function of PUFA-3 is to enable accurate and efficient PUFA measurement through advanced analytical techniques.
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The HP 6890 is a gas chromatograph designed for analytical laboratory applications. It features a programmable oven, multipoint pneumatic controls, and various detector options to facilitate the separation and analysis of complex chemical samples.
Sourced in United States, Sweden, Germany
FAME Mix is a reference standard used for the identification and quantification of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in various samples. It contains a mixture of 37 different FAME components, allowing for the comprehensive analysis of fatty acid profiles. The FAME Mix serves as a calibration tool to support reliable and accurate fatty acid measurements across multiple applications.
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PUFA2 is a laboratory instrument designed for the analysis and quantification of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in various samples. The device utilizes specialized techniques to accurately measure the levels of different PUFA compounds, providing researchers and analysts with valuable data for their scientific studies and applications.
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The DB-23 is a gas chromatography (GC) column designed for the separation and analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). It features a 60-meter length, 0.25-millimeter internal diameter, and 0.25-micrometer film thickness. The DB-23 column is optimized for the separation of cis and trans isomers of FAMEs.
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SAS version 9.4 is a statistical software package. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and reporting. The software is designed to help users extract insights from data and make informed decisions.
Sourced in United States, Germany
The 37 Component FAME Mix is a laboratory standard used for the identification and quantification of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by gas chromatography. This mix contains 37 individual FAME components, allowing for the comprehensive analysis of a wide range of fatty acids in various samples.
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The GC-2010 is a gas chromatograph manufactured by Shimadzu. It is a analytical instrument used for the separation, identification, and quantification of chemical compounds in a complex mixture. The GC-2010 utilizes a heated column filled with a stationary phase to separate the components of a sample based on their boiling points and interactions with the stationary phase.

More about "Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids"

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a critical class of essential lipids that play a pivotal role in human health and well-being.
These versatile compounds are characterized by the presence of multiple double bonds within their carbon chain structure, setting them apart from other fatty acid types.
PUFAs are further categorized into two primary families: omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
These fatty acid subgroups are essential for maintaining cardiovascular function, brain health, and regulating inflammation.
Ongoing research into the optimal applications and effects of PUFAs is an active and rapidly evolving field of scientific inquiry.
PubCompare.ai offers a cutting-edge AI-driven tool to streamline and optimize the PUFA research process.
This innovative platform helps scientists identify the best protocols and products from the extensive literature, preprints, and patent databases, enabling them to improve reproducibility and advance the field of PUFA studies.
Researchers studying PUFAs may encounter a variety of related terms and abbreviations, including Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix, SAS 9.4, PUFA-3, HP 6890, FAME Mix, PUFA2, DB-23, SAS version 9.4, 37 Component FAME Mix, and GC-2010.
These resources and tools can provide valuable insights and support for PUFA-focused investigations.
By leveraging the power of PubCompare.ai, scientists can streamline their PUFA research, identify the most effective protocols and products, and enhance the reproducibility of their studies, ultimately driving progress in this critical area of human health and nutrition.