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> Chemicals & Drugs > Biologically Active Substance > Potassium

Potassium

Potassium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in the body's cellular processes.
It is involved in regulating fluid balance, muscle contractions, nerve function, and cardiovascular health.
Dietary sources of potassium include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Monitoring potassium levels is important, as both deficiency and excess can lead to health issues.
Researchers utilize various protocols and techniques to study the effects of potassium on the human body.
PubCompare.ai can help optimize your potassium research by locating the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents using AI-driven comparisons, improving reproducibility and accuracy in your work.

Most cited protocols related to «Potassium»

1
Evaluating Gene Expression Stability
For every combination of two internal control genes j and k, an array Ajk of m elements is calculated which consist of log2-transformed expression ratios aij/aik (Equation 2). We define the pairwise variation Vjk for the control genes j and k as the standard deviation of the Ajk elements (Equation 3). The gene-stability measure Mj for control gene j is the arithmetic mean of all pairwise variations Vjk (Equation 4).
(j,k [1,n] and j ≠ k):
Vjk = st.dev (Ajk)     (3)
Vandesompele J., De Preter K., Pattyn F., Poppe B., Van Roy N., De Paepe A, & Speleman F. (2002). Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biology, 3(7), research0034.1-research0034.11.
Publication 2002
Gene Expression Regulation Paraproteins Potassium
2
Body Fat Measurement Methods Comparison
At present, simple, accurate methods for measuring percent of body fat and, in particular, body fat in different fat depots are not available. The indirect methods currently in use for estimating total percent of body fat include underwater weighing, an air displacement and density determination using a Bod Pod, a bioelectrical impedance analyzer, and a determination of the isotopically labeled water mass. In the past, determination of the total body radioactive potassium and thus metabolizing tissue mass have been used to estimate lean body mass, and by difference, the fat mass.86 (link)
Anthropometric determination of fat mass directly has been done using skin-fold thickness measured at various sites.87 (link) A dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, which provides a 3-dimensional picture of body organ densities, can be used for estimating total body fat. Its location also can be determined. Single computed tomography (CT) slices of the abdomen and thigh can be used to obtain 2 dimensions of those fat depots from which a 3-dimensional fat area can be reconstructed. This also can be done using magnetic resonance imaging, but magnetic resonance imaging is very expensive. One cannot do serial sections of the body using CT to determine fat mass because of the excess radiation associated with this procedure.
Because of their convenience, bioelectric impedance methods or DEXA scans are the most commonly used to estimate the amount and, with DEXA scans, the location of body fat depots. Estimates of abdominal and thigh fat depots also can be estimated using CT slices.52 (link),72 (link),88 (link)
All of the previously mentioned methods use certain assumptions in the calculation of body fat mass, and all are subject to potential error. Nevertheless, there are more specific methods of determining body fat mass than is the BMI. Important information regarding the location of the stored fat also can be determined with some methods.
It now is generally accepted that a relationship between BMI and mortality risk should be applied only to large populations. It should not be applied to an individual in an unqualified fashion. As indicated previously, there is the issue of being “overweight” versus “over fat.” In addition, a segment of the population is now considered to be “fat” by any criteria but “fit” and not at risk for early mortality.74 (link),75 (link),89 (link)–91 (link)
, & Nuttall F.Q. (2015). Body Mass Index: Obesity, BMI, and Health: A Critical Review. Nutrition Today, 50(3), 117-128.
Publication 2015
Abdomen Bioelectrical Impedance Body Fat Human Body Potassium Radiation Radioactivity Skinfold Thickness Thigh Tissues X-Ray Computed Tomography
3
Mapping Protein Conservation Scores Using ConSurf
After the calculation begins, ConSurf produces a status page indicating the computation parameters along with the different stages of the server activity. The main result of a ConSurf calculation is under the link ‘View ConSurf Results with Protein Explorer’, which leads to the graphic visualization of the query protein, color coded by conservation scores, through the Protein Explorer interface (9 (link)). The continuous conservation scores of each of the amino acid positions are available under the link ‘Amino Acid Conservation Scores’, along with the color grades and additional data. The script command for viewing the 3D structure of the query protein, color coded by conservation scores, is available under the link ‘RasMol coloring script source’. This file can be downloaded and used locally with the RasMol program (10 (link)), thus producing the same color-coded scheme generated by the server. A PDB file, in which the conservation scores are specified in the temperature (B) factor field, can be downloaded through the link: ‘The PDB file updated with the conservation scores in the tempFactor field’. Thus, any 3D protein viewer, such as the RasMol program (10 (link)), which is capable of presenting the B factors, is suitable for mapping the conservation scores on the structure.
The ConSurf output also includes links to the PSI-BLAST results, the homologous sequences along with a link to their SWISS-PROT entry page, the MSA and the phylogenetic tree used in the calculation.
As an example, we provide in Figure 2 the main output of a ConSurf run of the Kcsa potassium-channel (11 (link)), a transmembrane protein from Streptomyces Lividans. Kcsa is a homotetramer with a 4-fold symmetry axis about its pore. The ConSurf calculations demonstrate the high level of conservation of the pore region as compared with the rest of the protein. The pore architecture provides the unique stereochemistry which is required for efficient and selective conduction of potassium ions (11 (link)). The biological importance of this stereochemistry is reflected by a strong evolutionary pressure to resist amino acid replacements in the pore. In contrast, the regions that surround the pore and face the extracellular matrix are highly variable.
Landau M., Mayrose I., Rosenberg Y., Glaser F., Martz E., Pupko T, & Ben-Tal N. (2005). ConSurf 2005: the projection of evolutionary conservation scores of residues on protein structures. Nucleic Acids Research, 33(Web Server issue), W299-W302.
Publication 2005
Amino Acids Biological Evolution Biopharmaceuticals Complement Factor B Electric Conductivity Epistropheus Extracellular Matrix Face Homologous Sequences Integral Membrane Proteins Ions Potassium Potassium Channel Pressure Proteins Streptomyces lividans Surgical Replantation
4
Bayesian Error Correction for Sequencing Reads
Let ∑ = {A, C, G, T} be the alphabet of nucleotides (BAYESHAMMER discards k-mers with uncertain bases denoted N). A k-mer is an element of ∑k, i.e., a string of k nucleotides. We denote the ith letter (nucleotide) of a k-mer x by x[i], indexing them from zero: 0 ≤ i ≤ k - 1. A subsequence of x corresponding to a set of indices I is denoted by x[I]. We use interval notation [i, j] for intervals of integers {i, i + 1,..., j} and further abbreviate x[i, j] = x [{i, i + 1,..., j}]; thus, x = x[0, k - 1]. Input reads are represented as a set of strings R ⊂ Σ* along with their quality values (qr[i])i=0|r|-1 for each r ∈ R. We assume that qr[i] estimates the probability that there has been an error in position i of read r. Notice that in practice, the fastq file format [11 (link)] contains characters that encode probabilities on a logarithmic scale (in particular, products of probabilities used below correspond to sums of actual quality values).
Below we give an overview of BAYESHAMMER workflow (Figure 2) and refer to subsequent sections for further details. On Step (1), k-mers in the reads are counted, producing a triple statistics(x) = (countx, qualityx, errorx) for each k-mer x. Here, countx is the number of times x appears as a substring in the reads, qualityx is its total quality expressed as a probability of sequencing error in x, and errorx is a k-dimensional vector that contains products of error probabilities (sums of quality values) for individual nucleotides of x across all its occurrences in the reads. On Step (2), we find connected components of the Hamming graph constructed from this set of k-mers. On Step (3), the connected components become subject to Bayesian subclustering; as a result, for each k-mer we know the center of its subcluster. On Step (4), we filter subcluster centers according to their total quality and form a set of solid k-mers which is then iteratively expanded on Step (5) by mapping them back to the reads. Step (6) deals with reads correction by counting the majority vote of solid k-mers in each read. In the iterative version, if there has been a substantial amount of changes in the reads, we run the next iteration of error correction; otherwise, output the corrected reads. Below we describe specific algorithms employed in the BAYESHAMMER pipeline.
Nikolenko S.I., Korobeynikov A.I, & Alekseyev M.A. (2013). BayesHammer: Bayesian clustering for error correction in single-cell sequencing. BMC Genomics, 14(Suppl 1), S7.
Publication 2013
Character Cloning Vectors GPER protein, human Nucleotides Potassium
5
Multiomics investigation of blood pressure
We queried SNPs against GWAS catalog26 (link) and PhenoScanner27 (link), including genetics and metabolomics databases, to investigate cross-trait effects, extracting all association results with genome-wide significance at P < 5 × 10-8 for all SNPs in high LD (r2 ≥ 0.8) with the 535 sentinel novel SNPs, to highlight the loci with strongest evidence of association with other traits. We further evaluated these effects using DisGeNET28 ,29 (link). At the gene level, overrepresentation enrichment analysis (ORA) with WebGestalt67 on the nearest genes to all BP loci was carried out. Moreover, we tested sentinel SNPs at all published and novel (N=901) loci for association with lifestyle related data including food, water and alcohol intake, anthropomorphic traits and urinary sodium, potassium and creatinine excretion using the recently developed Stanford Global Biobank Engine and the Gene ATLAS68 . Both are search engines for GWAS findings for multiple phenotypes in UK Biobank. We used a Bonferroni corrected significance threshold of P < 1 × 10-6 to deem significance.
Evangelou E., Warren H.R., Mosen-Ansorena D., Mifsud B., Pazoki R., Gao H., Ntritsos G., Dimou N., Cabrera C.P., Karaman I., Ng F.L., Evangelou M., Witkowska K., Tzanis E., Hellwege J.N., Giri A., Velez Edwards D.R., Sun Y.V., Cho K., Gaziano J.M., Wilson P.W., Tsao P.S., Kovesdy C.P., Esko T., Mägi R., Milani L., Almgren P., Boutin T., Debette S., Ding J., Giulianini F., Holliday E.G., Jackson A.U., Li-Gao R., Lin W.Y., Luan J., Mangino M., Oldmeadow C., Prins B.P., Qian Y., Sargurupremraj M., Shah N., Surendran P., Thériault S., Verweij N., Willems S.M., Zhao J.H., Amouyel P., Connell J., de Mutsert R., Doney A.S., Farrall M., Menni C., Morris A.D., Noordam R., Paré G., Poulter N.R., Shields D.C., Stanton A., Thom S., Abecasis G., Amin N., Arking D.E., Ayers K.L., Barbieri C.M., Batini C., Bis J.C., Blake T., Bochud M., Boehnke M., Boerwinkle E., Boomsma D.I., Bottinger E.P., Braund P.S., Brumat M., Campbell A., Campbell H., Chakravarti A., Chambers J.C., Chauhan G., Ciullo M., Cocca M., Collins F., Cordell H.J., Davies G., de Borst M.H., de Geus E.J., Deary I.J., Deelen J., Del Greco M.F., Demirkale C.Y., Dörr M., Ehret G.B., Elosua R., Enroth S., Erzurumluoglu A.M., Ferreira T., Frånberg M., Franco O.H., Gandin I., Gasparini P., Giedraitis V., Gieger C., Girotto G., Goel A., Gow A.J., Gudnason V., Guo X., Gyllensten U., Hamsten A., Harris T.B., Harris S.E., Hartman C.A., Havulinna A.S., Hicks A.A., Hofer E., Hofman A., Hottenga J.J., Huffman J.E., Hwang S.J., Ingelsson E., James A., Jansen R., Jarvelin M.R., Joehanes R., Johansson Å., Johnson A.D., Joshi P.K., Jousilahti P., Jukema J.W., Jula A., Kähönen M., Kathiresan S., Keavney B.D., Khaw K.T., Knekt P., Knight J., Kolcic I., Kooner J.S., Koskinen S., Kristiansson K., Kutalik Z., Laan M., Larson M., Launer L.J., Lehne B., Lehtimäki T., Liewald D.C., Lin L., Lind L., Lindgren C.M., Liu Y., Loos R.J., Lopez L.M., Lu Y., Lyytikäinen L.P., Mahajan A., Mamasoula C., Marrugat J., Marten J., Milaneschi Y., Morgan A., Morris A.P., Morrison A.C., Munson P.J., Nalls M.A., Nandakumar P., Nelson C.P., Niiranen T., Nolte I.M., Nutile T., Oldehinkel A.J., Oostra B.A., O'Reilly P.F., Org E., Padmanabhan S., Palmas W., Palotie A., Pattie A., Penninx B.W., Perola M., Peters A., Polasek O., Pramstaller P.P., Nguyen Q.T., Raitakari O.T., Ren M., Rettig R., Rice K., Ridker P.M., Ried J.S., Riese H., Ripatti S., Robino A., Rose L.M., Rotter J.I., Rudan I., Ruggiero D., Saba Y., Sala C.F., Salomaa V., Samani N.J., Sarin A.P., Schmidt R., Schmidt H., Shrine N., Siscovick D., Smith A.V., Snieder H., Sõber S., Sorice R., Starr J.M., Stott D.J., Strachan D.P., Strawbridge R.J., Sundström J., Swertz M.A., Taylor K.D., Teumer A., Tobin M.D., Tomaszewski M., Toniolo D., Traglia M., Trompet S., Tuomilehto J., Tzourio C., Uitterlinden A.G., Vaez A., van der Most P.J., van Duijn C.M., Vergnaud A.C., Verwoert G.C., Vitart V., Völker U., Vollenweider P., Vuckovic D., Watkins H., Wild S.H., Willemsen G., Wilson J.F., Wright A.F., Yao J., Zemunik T., Zhang W., Attia J.R., Butterworth A.S., Chasman D.I., Conen D., Cucca F., Danesh J., Hayward C., Howson J.M., Laakso M., Lakatta E.G., Langenberg C., Melander O., Mook-Kanamori D.O., Palmer C.N., Risch L., Scott R.A., Scott R.J., Sever P., Spector T.D., van der Harst P., Wareham N.J., Zeggini E., Levy D., Munroe P.B., Newton-Cheh C., Brown M.J., Metspalu A., Hung A.M., O’Donnell C.J., Edwards T.L., Psaty B.M., Tzoulaki I., Barnes M.R., Wain L.V., Elliott P, & Caulfield M.J. (2018). Genetic analysis of over one million people identifies 535 new loci associated with blood pressure traits. Nature genetics, 50(10), 1412-1425.
Publication 2018
Creatinine Food Genes Genetic Loci Genome Genome-Wide Association Study Phenotype Potassium Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Sodium Urine

Most recents protocols related to «Potassium»

1
Synthesis of 7-Chloro-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-8-methylquinoline Derivatives
Not available on PMC !

Example 54

[Figure (not displayed)]

4,7-Dichloro-8-methylquinoline (53 mg, 0.25 mmol), imidazole (43 mg, 0.63 mmol), potassium t-butoxide (42 mg, 0.38 mmol), Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (9 mg, 0.013 mmol) and DMF (3 mL) were placed in a vial under N2. The mixture was heated at 110° C. for 2 h. After cooling down to room temperature, the crude is diluted by EtOAc (20 mL) and washed by water (5 mL×2) and brine (5 mL×2). The organic phase is concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give 7-chloro-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-8-methylquinoline as a solid. (MS: [M+1]+ 244.0)

The following compounds are prepared essentially by the same method described above to prepare I-421.

MS
I-#Starting MaterialStructure[M + 1]+
I-422[Figure (not displayed)]
[Figure (not displayed)]
[Figure (not displayed)]
298

US11873291B2. Quinoline cGAS antagonist compounds (2024-01-16). ImmuneSensor Therapeutics, Inc. [US], The Board of Regents of the University of Texas System [US]. Inventors: Jian Qiu [US], Qi Wei [US], Matt Tschantz [US], Heping Shi [US], Youtong Wu [US], Hulling Tan [US], Lijun Sun [US], Chuo Chen [US], Zhijian Chen [US].
Patent 2024
8-methylquinoline Anabolism brine Chromatography imidazole Palladium Potassium Silica Gel triphenylphosphine
2
Co-ground Alkali-Activated Concrete Formulations
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

In Example 2, the potassium water glass used for references M1 and M2 was co-ground with the blast furnace slag used for references M1 and M2 for two minutes using a planetary ball mill. The obtained co-ground powder was then used in the formulations M1a and M2a shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2
(all ingredient units are given in grams)
IngredientsM1aM2a
Metakaolin9090
Quartz sand622639
Sodium water glass (modulus 1.0)236
Co-ground potassium water glass265
(modulus 3.6) including blast furnace
slag
Co-ground potassium water glass265
(modulus 2.4) including blast furnace
slag
Water250200

The resistances are shown in Table 3. Particularly, the resistances in NaOH significantly increased from 11% (M1) to 90% (M1a), as well as from 13% (M2) to 96% (M2a).

TABLE 3
MediumM1M1aM2M2a
1M HCl88%88%96%96%
1M NaOH11%90%13%96%
Water23%95%42%98%

US11873262B2. Inorganic binder system comprising blast furnace slag and solid alkali metal silicate (2024-01-16). SIKA TECHNOLOGY AG [CH]. Inventors: Maxim Pulkin [DE], Maria Müller [DE], Steffen Wache [DE].
Patent 2024
Metals, Alkali Potassium Powder Quartz Silicates Sodium
3
Monoclinic Crystal Structure of Compound 1
Not available on PMC !

Example 9

Single Crystal Growth and Sample Preparation

Form 1 was analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal was obtained from a DMF solution of Form 1 followed by slow evaporation. The crystal structure was determined at 100(2) K.

Results

The crystal is monoclinic, space group P21/c with the final R1 [I>2σ(I)]=4.37%. The structure was identified as depicted in FIG. 27 and the asymmetric unit found to contain 1 molecule of Compound 1. The structure of Compound 1 is a coordination polymer where the potassium cation is coordinated by four ligands (FIG. 28). Table 11 summarizes sample and crystal data for Form 1. Simulated XRPD pattern at 100K is shown in FIG. 29.

TABLE 11
Sample and crystal data for Form 1.
Empirical formulaC21H17FKN5O5S
Formula weight509.55
Temperature100(2)K
Wavelength1.54184Å
Crystal size0.140 × 0.120 × 0.010 mm
Crystal habitcolorless plate
Crystal systemMonoclinic
Space groupP21/c
Unit cell dimensionsa = 19.5421(9) Å a = 90°
b = 15.1329(6) Å b = 90.579(4)°
c = 6.9265(3) Å g = 90°
Volume2048.27(15) Å3
Z4
Density (calculated)1.652Mg/m3
Absorption coefficient3.740mm−1
F(000)1048

US11873296B2. Solid forms of a dual RAF/MEK inhibitor (2024-01-16). Verastem, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Farzaneh Seyedi [US].
Patent 2024
Cells Crystal Growth Crystallography, X-Ray Ligands Polymers Potassium Radiography
4
Functional Health Food Composition
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

100 mg of the Sarcodon aspratus extracts according to the present invention;

an appropriate amount of a vitamin mixture;

70 μg of vitamin A acetate;

1.0 mg of vitamin E;

0.13 mg of vitamin B1;

0.15 mg of vitamin B2;

0.5 mg of vitamin B6;

0.2 μg of vitamin B12;

10 mg of vitamin C;

10 μg of biotin;

1.7 mg of nicotinic acid amide;

50 μg of folate;

0.5 mg of calcium pantothenate;

an appropriate amount of a mineral mixture;

1.75 mg of ferrous sulfide;

0.82 mg of zinc oxide;

25.3 mg of magnesium carbonate;

15 mg of potassium phosphate monobasic;

55 mg of dicalcium phosphate;

90 mg of potassium citrate;

100 mg of calcium carbonate; and

24.8 mg of magnesium chloride.

The composition ratio of the vitamins and the mineral mixture described above may be determined according to a composition ratio used in general functional health foods, and the combination ratio of the vitamins and the mineral mixture may be arbitrarily determined. According to a conventional method of preparing functional health foods, these components are mixed, granules are prepared, and the granules are used to prepare a composition for a functional health food.

US11857586B2. Pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating gynecological diseases containing Sarcodon aspratus extracts as active ingredient (2024-01-02). None [KR]. Inventors: Hye Jin Woo [KR], Dae Ha Woo [KR].
Patent 2024
Ascorbic Acid Biotin Carbonate, Calcium Cobalamins Cytoplasmic Granules dicalcium phosphate ferrous sulfide Folate Functional Food magnesium carbonate Magnesium Chloride magnesium citrate Minerals Niacinamide Pantothenate, Calcium Potassium Potassium Citrate potassium phosphate retinol acetate Riboflavin Sarcodon aspratus Thiamine Vitamin A Vitamin B6 Vitamin E Vitamins Zinc Oxide
5
Synthesis of 155-A and Derivatives
Not available on PMC !

Example 22

[Figure (not displayed)]
[Figure (not displayed)]

Synthesis of 155-A.

A mixture of potassium (bromomethyl)trifluoroborate (1.00 g, 4.98 mmol) and pyrrolidine (371 mg, 5.23 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in acetone and the solution filtered to remove KCl. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in a minimal amount of hot acetone (10 mL), and precipitated by the dropwise addition of Et2O (5 mL). Additional Et2O (150 mL) was added to facilitate filtering to give 155-A (750 mg, 98%) as a white solid.

Synthesis of 155-B.

A mixture of 155-A (750 mg, 4.90 mmol), SM-A (500 mg, 4.67 mmol), Cs2CO3 (4.56 g, 14.0 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (52 mg, 0.23 mmol) and XPhos (224 mg, 0.47 mmol) in THF/H2O (20 mL/2 mL) was stirred 80° C. for 12 h under Ar. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with H2O (50 mL). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organics washed with brine (20 mL×3), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (PE:EtOAc=8:1˜3:1) to give 155-B (700 mg, 47%) as a yellow solid.

Synthesis of 155-C.

To a solution of 155-B (350 mg, 1.15 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) was added TFA (4 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. when LCMS showed the reaction was finished. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give 155-C as a crude product and used to next step directly.

Synthesis of 155-D.

A mixture of 143-C (200 mg, 0.42 mmol) and 155-C (crude product from last step) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was stirred at 50° C. for 30 min. Then Na2CO3 (356 mg, 3.36 mmol) was added into above mixture and stirred at 50° C. for 3 h. After the reaction was completed according to LCMS, the mixture was cooled to room temperature. The Na2CO3 was removed by filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (DCM:MeOH=100:1˜50:1) to give 155-D (180 mg, 93%) as a yellow solid.

Synthesis of 155.

A mixture of 155-D (180 mg, 0.39 mmol) and Pd/C (180 mg) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 h under H2 atmosphere. Pd/C was removed by filtration through the Celite. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by Pre-TLC (DCM:MeOH=8:1) to give 155 (125 mg, 74%) as a yellow solid

Compound 144 was synthesized in a similar manner using thiophen-2-ylboronic acid variant of 155. Compound 144. 80 mg, 60%, a yellow solid.

US11858939B2. Hetero-halo inhibitors of histone deacetylase (2024-01-02). Alkermes, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Martin R. Jefson [US], John A. Lowe, III [US], Fabian Dey [CH], Andreas Bergmann [DE], Andreas Schoop [DE], Nathan Oliver Fuller [US].
Patent 2024
Acetone acetonitrile Acids Anabolism AR-12 compound Atmosphere brine Celite Chromatography Filtration Lincomycin Potassium pyrrolidine Silica Gel Solvents Thiophene

Top products related to «Potassium»

1
Hydrochloric acid (hcl) by Merck Group
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Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
2
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
3
Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, India, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Spain, France, Australia, Canada, Poland, Switzerland, Singapore, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Sweden, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Macao, Chile, Japan, Hungary, Malaysia, Denmark, Portugal, Indonesia, Netherlands, Czechia, Finland, Austria, Romania, Pakistan, Cameroon, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Norway, Colombia, New Zealand, Lithuania
Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
4
D luciferin potassium salt by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
D-luciferin potassium salt is a chemical compound used in bioluminescence assays. It is a substrate for the luciferase enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidation of D-luciferin to produce light. This light emission can be detected and quantified to measure the activity or expression of luciferase-tagged biological targets.
5
D luciferin potassium salt by GoldBio
Sourced in United States, Macao
D-luciferin potassium salt is a chemical compound commonly used as a substrate for the luciferase enzyme in bioluminescence applications. It serves as a core component in various laboratory techniques, such as ATP assays and reporter gene assays, where luciferase is employed to detect and quantify biological processes.
6
Sodium chloride (nacl) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, France, Spain, China, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Poland, Belgium, Australia, Switzerland, Macao, Denmark, Ireland, Brazil, Japan, Hungary, Sweden, Netherlands, Czechia, Portugal, Israel, Singapore, Norway, Cameroon, Malaysia, Greece, Austria, Chile, Indonesia
NaCl is a chemical compound commonly known as sodium chloride. It is a white, crystalline solid that is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceutical and laboratory settings. NaCl's core function is to serve as a basic, inorganic salt that can be used for a variety of applications in the lab environment.
7
Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group
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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
8
Potassium hexacyanoferrate 2 trihydrate by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy
Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) trihydrate is a chemical compound that is commonly used in various laboratory applications. It is a crystalline solid with the chemical formula K4[Fe(CN)6]·3H2O. The compound is a source of the ferrocyanide ion, which can be used in a variety of analytical and synthetic procedures.
9
Potassium hexacyanoferrate 3 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, Spain, Brazil
Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) is a chemical compound with the formula K3[Fe(CN)6]. It is a yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in water. The compound serves as a source of hexacyanoferrate(III) ions, which can be used in various scientific and industrial applications.
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Potassium chloride (kcl) by Merck Group
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Potassium chloride (KCl) is an inorganic compound that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is a colorless, crystalline solid with a high melting point. KCl is a popular electrolyte and is used in various laboratory applications.

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