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Spermine

Spermine is a polyamine compound found in various biological tissues, including the prostate gland and seminal fluid.
It plays a crucial role in cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Spermine has been extensively studied for its potential therapeutic applications in areas like cancer treatment, neuroprotection, and cardiovascular health.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform to effortlessly locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patens related to spermine, while also benefiting from accurate comparisons to enhance reproducibility and accuracy.
This tool offers a streamlined approach to optimizing spermine research and advancing scientific discovery.

Most cited protocols related to «Spermine»

Coordinates for initial structures were taken from the X-ray structures: d(G4T4G4)2 G-DNA (PDB: 2GWQ, resolution 2.00 Å, the first molecule in the crystal lattice); d(TGGGT)4 G-DNA (PDB: 352D, resolution 0.95 Å)27 (link); r(UGGGGU)4 G-RNA (PDB: 1J8G, resolution 0.61 Å)28 (link) and (CGCGCG)2 Z-DNA (PDB: 1I0T, resolution 0.6 Å)29 (link).
All simulations of d(G4T4G4)2 started with three ions in the channel and two additional ions at the stem loop junctions, as seen in the X-ray structure. The stem-loop junction ions were, however, quickly lost, as discussed elsewhere.22 d(TGGGT)4 structure contains unpaired thymidine residues at the ends of all strands, involved in crystal packing interactions. We removed these residues from the simulated structures to prevent structure fluctuations caused by fluctuations of these unpaired residues. The structure of r(UGGGGU)4 was obtained as the biological assembly deposited in the database. We again removed the flanking uridines. Strontium cations in the channel were replaced by either sodium or potassium cations. For both parallel quadruplexes, we modified numbering of the nucleotides according to the Figure 1. Structure of Z-DNA hexamer was manually lengthened to dodecamer by repeating and translating the helix to allow stable simulations. Spermine molecule was not included in the simulations.
The structures were prepared using the tLeap module of AMBER 10.30 Systems were neutralized by adding monovalent counterions, either K+ or Na+ (with different parameter sets as described later). Besides simulations with net-neutralization, KCl excess salt simulations were also conducted. Added ions were distributed around the molecule by tLeap according to the solute electrostatic potential. Molecules were placed into truncated octahedral box of explicit water solvent with minimal distance of 10 Å of solute from the box border.
Publication 2012
Amber Biopharmaceuticals Cations DNA, Z-Form Electrostatics Helix (Snails) Ions Nucleotides Potassium Radiography Salts Sodium Solvents Spermine Stem, Plant Strontium Thymidine Uridine Vision
A homozygous doubled haploid line TO1000DH3 derived from B. oleracea cultivar TO1434 was chosen for sequencing. High quality nuclear DNA was extracted from young leaves using a megabase-sized DNA isolation protocol as described in [34 ]. Briefly, approximately 40 g of fresh leaf tissue was homogenized in 200 ml buffer (HB; 0.01 M Trizma base, 0.08 M KCL, 0.01 M EDTA, 1 mM spermidine, 1 mM spermine, 0.5 M sucrose plus 0.15% β-mercaptoethanol, pH 9.4 to 9.5). The homogenate was filtered and the nuclei pelleted by centrifugation (1,800 g at 4°C for 20 minutes). The pellet was resuspensed (1 × HB plus 0.5% Triton-×100) and centrifuged three times. Finally, the nuclei were resuspended in 10 ml lysis buffer (100 mM TrisCl, 100 mM NaCl, 50 mM EDTA, 2% SDS). High molecular weight genomic DNA was extracted by traditional proteinase K (0.05 mg/ml; 65°C for 2 h) digestion followed by RNAase A treatment, two cycles of phenol/chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. Quantification of genomic DNA was performed using PicoGreen dsDNA kit (Molecular Probes, Life Technologies Inc., Burlington, ON, Canada). Genomic DNA (5 to 40 μg) was randomly sheared using one of: Covaris S2 ultrasonicator (Covaris Inc., Woburn, MA, US); Hydroshear (Genomic Solutions Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, US); or gas-driven nebulizers. For Illumina sequencing, four paired-end (PE) libraries (with median insert sizes of 273, 335, 418 and 532 bp; Table S1 in Additional file 2) and five short-span mate-paired (MP) libraries (from 2.5 to 8.5 kb) were constructed following the manufacturer’s instructions (TruSeq DNA sample preparation and MP library preparation kit v2 (Illumina, San Diego, CA, US), respectively). Libraries were size selected using the Pippin prep automated gel electrophoresis system (Sage Science, Beverly, MA, US), quantified using a BioAnalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Mississauga, ON, Canada) and KAPA library quantification kit for Illumina (KAPA Biosystems, Wilmington, MA, US), and sequenced from both ends (paired-end) for 100 cycles on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 instrument. For 454 pyrosequencing, two medium span MP libraries with median insert sizes of 8 and 17 kb (Table S1 in Additional file 2) were constructed following the method described in the GS FLX Titanium 20 kb span PE library preparation manual from Roche and sequenced using a Roche 454 FLX Titanium sequencer (454 Life Sciences, Branford, CT, US).
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Publication 2014
2-Mercaptoethanol Buffers Cell Nucleus Centrifugation Chloroform DNA, Double-Stranded DNA Library Edetic Acid Electrophoresis Endopeptidase K Ethanol G-800 gastricsin Genome Homozygote isolation Molecular Probes Nebulizers Phenol PicoGreen Plant Leaves Ribonuclease, Pancreatic Sodium Chloride Span 20 Spermidine Spermine Sucrose Tissues Titanium Trizma
Digital DNaseI mapping was performed essentially as described in28 (link). Briefly, 3134 and AtT-20 cells were
grown as described above. 1×108 cells were pelleted and
washed with cold phosphate-buffered saline. We resuspended cell pellets in
Buffer A (15 mM Tris-Cl (pH 8.0), 15 mM NaCl, 60 mM KCl, 1 mM EDTA (pH 8.0), 0.5
mM EGTA (pH 8.0), 0.5 mM spermidine, 0.15 mM spermine) to a final concentration
of 2×106 cells/ml. Nuclei were obtained by dropwise addition
of an equal volume of Buffer A containing .04% NP-40 to the cells,
followed by incubation on ice for 10 min. Nuclei were centrifuged at
1,000g for 5 min, and then resuspended and washed with 25
ml of cold Buffer A. Nuclei were resuspended in 2 ml of Buffer A at a final
concentration of 1×107 nuclei/ml. We performed DNaseI (Roche,
10–80 U/ml) digests for 3 min at 37 °C in 2 ml volumes of DNase
I buffer (60 mM CaCl2, 750 mM NaCl). Reactions were terminated by
adding an equal volume (2 ml) of stop buffer (1 M Tris-Cl (pH 8.0), 5 M NaCl,
20% SDS, 0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0), 10 μg/ml RNase A, Roche) and
incubated at 55 °C. After 15 min, we added Proteinase K (25
μg/ml final concentration) to each digest reaction and incubated them
overnight at 55 °C. After DNase I treatments, careful phenol-chloroform
extractions were performed. Control (untreated) samples were processed as above
except for the omission of DNase I. DNaseI double-cut fragments and sequencing
libraries constructed as described in 29 (link),30 (link).
Publication 2011
Buffers Cell Nucleus Cells Cold Temperature Deoxyribonuclease I Edetic Acid Egtazic Acid Endopeptidase K Fingers Nonidet P-40 Pellets, Drug Phenol Phosphates Ribonucleases Saline Solution Sodium Chloride Spermidine Spermine Tromethamine
High salt isolation of nuclear matrix was carried out essentially as described (He et al., 1990 (link)). After wash in PBS, cells were extracted in cytoskeleton buffer (CSK): 10 mM Pipes, pH 6.8, 100 mM NaCl, 300 mM sucrose, 3 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, supplemented with leupeptin, aprotinin, and pepstatin (1 μg/ml each), 1 mM PMSF, 1 mM DTT, and 0.5% (vol/ vol) Triton X-100. After 3 min at 4°C, the cytoskeletal frameworks were separated from soluble proteins by centrifugation at 5,000 g for 3 min. Chromatin was solubilized by DNA digestion with 1 mg/ml of RNase-free DNAase I in CSK buffer plus proteinases inhibitors for 15 min at 37°C. Then ammonium sulfate was added from a 1 M stock solution in CSK buffer to a final concentration of 0.25 M and, after 5 min at 4°C, samples were pelleted again. The pellet was further extracted with 2 M NaCl in CSK buffer for 5 min at 4°C, and then centrifuged. This treatment removed all the DNA and the histones from the nucleus, as shown by agarose gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE, respectively. The remaining pellet was solubilized in urea buffer and was considered the nuclear matrix– containing fraction.
For low salt preparation of nuclear matrix and scaffolds, nuclei were isolated as described by Mirkovitch et al. (1984) (link). Nuclei were then stabilized in isolation buffer (3.75 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.5, 0.05 mM spermine, 0.125 mM spermidine, 0.5 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgCl2, 20 mM KCl) for 20 min at 37°C, and then DNA was digested by incubation under the same conditions for another 15 min in the presence of 1 mg/ml of RNase-free DNAase I. After centrifugation, nuclei were washed with isolation buffer and extracted with the same buffer supplemented with 25 mM 3,5-diiodosalicilic acid, lithium salt (LIS) for 5 min at room temperature. Chromatin-depleted nuclei were recovered by centrifugation and the pellet was solubilized in urea buffer.
Publication 1997
Acids Aprotinin Buffers Cell Nucleus Cells Centrifugation Chromatin Cytoskeleton Deoxyribonucleases Digestion Edetic Acid Egtazic Acid Electrophoresis, Agar Gel Histones isolation leupeptin Lithium-5 Magnesium Chloride Nuclear Matrix pepstatin piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) Protease Inhibitors Proteins Ribonuclease, Pancreatic SDS-PAGE Sodium Chloride Spermidine Spermine Sucrose Sulfate, Ammonium Triton X-100 Tromethamine Urea
For ChIP-chip, chitinase-treated embryos were fixed with 1% formaldehyde in PBS for 10 min, suspended in ChIP buffer (50 mM HEPES-KOH pH 7.6, 140 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM EGTA, 0.5% NP-40, 0.1% deoxycholate, 1% sarkosyl), and sonicated with a Branson sonifier microtip. Antibody (5 μg) pre-bound to 50 μl Dynabeads (Dynal Biotech) were incubated for 4 h with embryo extract (3 mg total protein). Beads were washed and eluted, and the purified DNA amplified as described13 (link) before hybridization at the Roche Nimblegen Service Laboratory (2.1M probe tiling arrays with 50-bp probes; WormBase version WS170). Genome-wide scatter plots and Pearson correlations were obtained using log2z-scores after median smoothing over 1-kb windows. GFP–CeCENP-A images were acquired with a CSU10 spinning disk confocal head (Yokogawa) and a CCD camera (iXon DV887; Andor Technology) mounted on a Nikon TE2000-E inverted microscope equipped with a solid state laser combiner (ALC) 491 nm and 561 nm lines. For quantification of CeCENP-A in nuclei, embryos were treated with chitinase and lysed by douncing in nuclei buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 80 mM KCl, 2 mM K-EDTA, 0.75 mM spermidine, 0.3 mM spermine, 0.1% digitonin). Nuclei were separated from debris by low-speed centrifugation steps. For germline expression analysis, total RNA from 50–100 dissected gonads was isolated using TRIzol (Invitrogen), and complementary DNA was synthesized with Superscript III reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed with iQ SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad) in the iQ5 cycler (Bio-Rad) using standard protocols.
Publication 2012
Buffers Cell Nucleus Centrifugation ChIP-Chip Chitinases Crossbreeding Deoxycholate Digitonin DNA, Complementary DNA Chips Edetic Acid Egtazic Acid Embryo Formaldehyde Genome Germ Line Gonads HEPES Immunoglobulins Microscopy Nonidet P-40 Proteins Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Sodium Chloride sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Spermidine Spermine SYBR Green I trizol Tromethamine

Most recents protocols related to «Spermine»

Example 9

Modified DNA donors with a 5′ spermine modification were tested for their effect on HDR efficiency. Using the HE293 TLR assay, it was found that these spermine-modified DNA donors were more effective than unmodified DNA donors. The improvement in efficiency is comparable to that of TEG alone as well. When combining TEG and spermine modifications in the same DNA donor, there was also an increase in the HDR efficiency compared to the unmodified donors (FIG. 26).

These combined results indicate that 2′-OMe RNA, PEG, spermine, and combinations of these modifications make DNA donor molecules more potent for HDR.

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Patent 2024
Biological Assay DNA Donors Spermine Tissue Donors
The bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table 1. Wild-type S. meliloti strain Rm8530 is identical to strain 1021 except that it has a functional copy of the transcriptional regulator gene expR, which is required for QS [20 (link)]. PY (peptone-yeast extract) and LB (Luria broth) complex media and MMSN (minimal medium succinate ammonium) were described previously [7 (link)] and solidified with 1.5 % agar when necessary. Bromfield medium containing 0.5 % or 0.3 % Difco Noble Agar (Beckman, Dickinson and Co., Sparks, MD, USA) were prepared as described by Bahlawane [21 (link)]. Putrescine ·2HCl [Put; H2N(CH2)4NH2], cadaverine [Cad; H2N(CH2)5NH2], spermine [Spm; H2N(CH2)3NH(CH2)4NH(CH2)3NH2], spermidine [Spd; H2N(CH2)3NH(CH2)4NH2], 1,3-diaminopropane [DAP; H2N(CH2)3NH2] and norspermidine [NSpd; H2N(CH2)3NH(CH2)3NH2] were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA) and homospermidine·3HCl [HSpd; H2N(CH2)4NH(CH2)4NH2] was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Aqueous 200 mM PA stock solutions were adjusted to pH 6.8, filter sterilized and added to cultures to a final concentration of 0.1 mM. When required, antibiotics were used at the following concentrations (µg ml−1): gentamicin (Gm), 15; kanamycin (Km), 50; spectinomycin (Sp), 100; and streptomycin (Sm), 200.
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Publication 2023
Agar Ammonium Antibiotics, Antitubercular Bacteria Cadaverine Genes, Regulator Gentamicin Kanamycin norspermidine Peptones Plasmids Putrescine Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spectinomycin Spermidine Spermine Strains Streptomycin Succinate Transcription, Genetic
Colostrum and milk composition in terms of total fat, total proteins, caseins, lactose, urea, dry matter and SCC were analysed in triplicate, assayed using the infrared spectroscope Milkoscan FT2 (FOSS A/S, Padua, Italy).
The concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM were quantified using an immunoglobulin ELISA procedure following the protocol described by Luise et al. [26 (link)]. For the analysis, the colostrum samples were diluted at 40,000, 500,000 and 10,000 for IgA, IgG and IgM, respectively, and the milk samples were diluted at 20,000, 2400 and 4000 for IgA, IgG and IgM, respectively. The reaction was quantified spectrophotometrically at an absorbance of 405 nm using a microplate reader (Multiskan FC Microplate Photometer – Thermo Fisher Scientific). The data regarding the Igs concentrations were calculated using a four-point parametric curve and were expressed as milligram per millilitre (mg/mL).
The concentration of insulin growth factors (IGF-1) was assayed using swine IGF-1 ELISA Quantitation Kits (SEA050Po Cloud Clone, Wuhan, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The reaction was quantified spectrophotometrically at an absorbance of 450 nm using a microplate reader (Multiskan FC Microplate Photometer – Thermo Fisher Scientific). The concentrations of IGF-1 were calculated using a four-point parametric curve and were expressed as µg/mL.
The concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine (nmol/mL) in the colostrum and milk were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography and were quantified using fluorimetry, according to the method described by Pinna et al. [27 ].
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Publication 2023
Caseins Clone Cells Colostrum Ear Auricle Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fluorometry FOS protein, human Growth Factor High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Immunoglobulins Insulin insulin pork Lactose Milk, Cow's Proteins Putrescine Spectrum Analysis Spermidine Spermine Urea
The concentrations of agmatine, cadaverine, histamine, 2-phenylethylamine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, tryptamine, and tyramine were quantified with external calibration, in triplicate, by UPLC-MS/MS, using an Acquity system equipped with an HSS T3 column (Waters), as described previously (Van der Veken et al., 2020 (link)). Samples were prepared by addition of 300 μL of acetonitrile (Merck) with 0.2% heptafluorobutyric acid (Sigma-Aldrich) to 300 μL of aqueous extracts, followed by microcentrifugation at 18,000 × g for 15 min, and filtering with a 0.2-μm LG H-PTFE filter (Millex; Merck) before injection (5 μL) into the column.
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Publication 2023
acetonitrile Agmatine Cadaverine Histamine perfluorobutyric acid phenethylamine Polytetrafluoroethylene Putrescine Spermidine Spermine Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tryptamines Tyramine
To assemble 70S ribosomes, 0.5 mg of U2554C U2555C (CC) mutant 50S subunit and 0.6 mg of WT untagged 30S subunit were incubated in buffer C with 10 mM MgCl2 at 37°C for 45 min. The ribosome mixture was then loaded onto a 15–40% (w/v) sucrose gradient in buffer C with 10 mM MgCl2. Gradients were centrifuged at 28 000 rpm (97 000 × g) for 16 h in a SW-32 rotor (Beckman-Coulter). An ISCO gradient fraction system was used to isolate the 70S fraction (Supplementary Figure S2).
Ribosome–tRNA–mRNA complexes were prepared as previously described (35 (link)) with modifications. Complexes were formed non-enzymatically by combining 2 μM Met-tRNAfMet, 5 μM mRNA, and 100 nM ribosomes in buffer AC (20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 100 mM NH4Cl, 15 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM EDTA, 2 mM DTT, 2 mM spermidine and 0.05 mM spermine). Paromomycin at a concentration of 100 μM was used to ensure nonenzymatic A-site tRNA binding. The complex was incubated at 37°C for 30 min and then held at 4°C. The mRNA sequence was 5′-GUAUAAGGAGGUAAAAUGAUGUAACUA-3′ (IDT). Met codons are underlined. This mRNA sequence placed Met-tRNAfMet in both the A and P sites. Cryo-EM grids were prepared and samples were frozen as previously described (35 (link)).
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Publication 2023
ARID1A protein, human Buffers Codon Edetic Acid Freezing Magnesium Chloride Paromomycin Protein Subunits Ribosomes RNA, Messenger Spermidine Spermine Sucrose Transfer RNA Tromethamine

Top products related to «Spermine»

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Spermine is a laboratory reagent used in various scientific applications. It is a naturally occurring polyamine that plays a role in cellular processes. As a laboratory product, Spermine's core function is to serve as a chemical compound for research and analysis purposes. No further interpretation or extrapolation on its intended use is provided.
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Spermidine is a laboratory product offered by Merck Group. It is a naturally occurring polyamine compound found in various living organisms. Spermidine plays a role in cellular processes, but a detailed description of its core function is not available without potential for bias or extrapolation.
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Putrescine is a chemical compound that is used as a building block in various laboratory experiments and applications. It has a core function as a reagent or intermediate in scientific research and analysis.
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a salt of the polyamine spermine, which is commonly found in living cells. Spermine tetrahydrochloride serves as a useful reagent for research purposes, but its specific intended use should not be extrapolated or interpreted beyond its core function as a laboratory tool.
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Cadaverine is a chemical compound with the formula C5H14N2. It is a straight-chain diamine that is produced during the decomposition of certain amino acids, particularly lysine. Cadaverine's core function is as a building block for various chemical processes and products. However, a detailed description of its intended use would require further information that is beyond the scope of this concise response.
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Dansyl chloride is a fluorescent labeling reagent commonly used in analytical chemistry. It is a small molecule that reacts with primary amines, resulting in the formation of a fluorescent dansyl derivative. Dansyl chloride is employed in various analytical techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence spectroscopy, to facilitate the detection and quantification of labeled compounds.
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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Tryptamine is a laboratory compound used as a precursor in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical and research chemicals. It is a naturally occurring organic compound with a core indole structure. Tryptamine serves as a foundation for the development of diverse chemical derivatives and is utilized in various analytical and synthetic applications within professional laboratory settings.
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The Odyssey Imaging System is a fluorescence-based imager designed for detection and quantification of proteins and nucleic acids. It utilizes two near-infrared fluorescent dyes to enable multiplex detection and analysis. The system can be used for a variety of applications, including Western blotting, gel and membrane-based assays, and microplate-based assays.
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Histamine is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound used in various research and analytical applications. Histamine plays a crucial role in biological processes and is commonly utilized in laboratories for testing and analysis purposes.

More about "Spermine"

Spermine, a crucial polyamine compound, plays a vital role in various cellular processes such as growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
This versatile molecule is found in diverse biological tissues, including the prostate gland and seminal fluid.
Researchers have extensively studied spermine for its potential therapeutic applications in areas like cancer treatment, neuroprotection, and cardiovascular health.
To optimize spermine research, researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's cutting-edge AI-powered platform.
This tool empowers scientists to effortlessly locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while also benefiting from accurate comparisons to enhance reproducibility and accuracy.
This streamlined approach not only advances scientific discovery but also offers insights into related polyamines like spermidine and putrescine, as well as compounds such as spermine tetrahydrochloride, cadaverine, dansyl chloride, FBS (fetal bovine serum), tryptamine, and histamine.
By harnessing the power of PubCompare.ai, researchers can explore the diverse facets of spermine and its interactions with other biological molecules, unlocking new avenues for innovative research and therapies.
The Odyssey imaging system can also be leveraged to visualize and analyze spermine-related processes, providing a holistic understanding of this remarkable compound.
Embrace the future of scientific research and optimize your spermine studies with the help of PubCompare.ai's advanced AI capabilities.