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Tragacanth

Tragacanth is a natural gum exudate obtained from the Astragalus plant, a genus of legumes native to the Middle East and Central Asia.
It is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries as a thickening, emulsifying, and stabilizing agent.
Tragacanth's unique physical and chemical properties, such as its high viscosity, water-binding capacity, and ability to form gels, make it a valuable ingredient in a variety of products.
Researchers can optimize their Tragacanth studies with PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that enhances reproducibility and accuracy.
PubCompare.ai helps researchers easily locate protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and uses intelligent comparisons to identify the best protocols and products for their needs, taking the guesswork out of Tragcanth research.

Most cited protocols related to «Tragacanth»

Details of the 50 defined glycans used are provided in Table 2. Most glycans were dissolved in dH2O. Arabinoxylan and glucuronoxylan were prepared by boiling in dH2O for 10 min. and then standing for 3 h at 18°C before use. Glucomannan was prepared by wetting with 95% ethanol followed by addition of dH2O. The mixture was heated to boiling point and stirred for 20 min until dissolved. Pachyman was prepared by dissolution in a minimal volume of 10% (w/v) sodium hydroxide followed by neutralization with acetic acid. 14 samples on the arrays were cell wall polymers extracted from A. thaliana organs listed in Table 2 using CDTA and 4 M NaOH. Fifty milligrams (fresh weight) of each organ collected from at least four separate plants were homogenized to a fine powder prior to adding 300 μl of 50 mM CDTA (pH 7.5). After incubating with rotation for 4 h at 20°C, the extracts were centrifuged at 4,400 rpm for 10 min and the supernatants (‘CDTA extracts’) removed. Pellets were resuspended in 300 μl of 4 M NaOH and samples were incubated with rotation for 4 h at 20°C prior to centrifugation at 4,400 rpm for 10 min. Supernatants were ‘NaOH extracts’.

Samples included on the glycan arrays

Alphanumerical codesSamples
A1Arabinan (sugar beet)
B1Pectin (apple)
C1Galactan (lupin)
D1Homogalacturonan (sugar beet)
E1Pectin (lime) B15
F1Pectin (lime) B43
G1Pectin (lime) B71
H1Pectin (lime) 96
A2Pectin (lime) F11
B2Pectin (lime) F19
C2Pectin (lime) F43
D2Pectin (lime) F76
E2Pectin (lime) P16
F2Pectin (lime) P24
G2Pectin (lime) P32
H2Pectin (lime) P41
A3Pectin (lime) P46
B3Pectin (lime) P60
C3Pectin (lime) P76
D3RGI (soybean)
E3RGII (A. thaliana)
F3Xylogalacturonan (pea)
G3MHR I (apple)
H3MHR II (carrot)
A4MHR III (potato)
B4MHR HS1 (apple)
C4MHR HS2 (apple)
D4Xylogalacturonan (apple)
E4AGP (P. patens)
F4Seed mucilage (A. thaliana)
G4Xyloglucan/mannan (tomato)
H4Glucomannan (konjac)
A5Gum (guar)
B5Gum (locust bean)
C5Gum arabic (acacia)
D5Gum (karaya)
E5Gum (tragacanth)
F5AGP (larch)
G5Arabinoxylan (wheat)
H5β(1-3),(1-4)-glucan (lichenan)
A6Mannan (ivory nut)
B6Xyloglucan (tamarind)
C6Glucuronoarabinoxylan (maize)
D6Hydroxyethyl cellulose
E6β(1-4)-glucan (avicel)
F6Carboxymethyl cellulose
G6Alginic acid
H6β(1-3),(1-6)-glucan (laminarin)
A7β(1-3)-glucan (pachyman)
B7β(1-4),(1-6)-glucan (pullulan)
C7CDTA extract (A. thaliana flowers)
D7CDTA extract (A. thaliana siliques)
E7CDTA extract (A. thaliana stem top)
F7CDTA extract (A. thaliana stem middle)
G7CDTA extract (A. thaliana stem base)
H7CDTA extract (A. thaliana leaves)
A8CDTA extract (A. thaliana roots)
B8NaOH extract (A. thaliana flowers)
C8NaOH extract (A. thaliana siliques)
D8NaOH extract (A. thaliana stem top)
E8NaOH extract (A. thaliana stem middle)
F8NaOH extract (A. thaliana stem base)
G8NaOH extract (A. thaliana leaves)
H8NaOH extract (A. thaliana roots)

Alphanumerical codes refer to the position of samples on arrays. Source organisms are in parentheses

RGI Rhamnogalcturonan I; RGII rhamnogalacturonan II; MHR modified hairy region; AGP arabinogalactan-protein

Publication 2007
Acacia Acetic Acid Arabidopsis thalianas arabinogalactan proteins arabinoxylan Avicel Beta vulgaris Carrots CDTA Cell Wall Centrifugation Citrus aurantiifolia Cyamopsis Ethanol Flowers Glucans glucomannan glucuronoxylan Hair Karaya, Gum Konjac laminaran Larix lichenin Locusts Lupinus Mannans pachyman Pellets, Drug Plant Roots Plants Polymers Polysaccharides Powder pullulan rhamnogalacturonan II Sodium Hydroxide Solanum tuberosum Soybeans Stem, Plant Tamarindus indica Tomatoes Tragacanth Triticum aestivum Zea mays
For immunofluorescent staining, animals were sacrificed at selected time points by CO2 inhalation, and hind leg skeletal muscle (quadriceps and tibialis anterior) and/or liver were harvested. It should be noted that for the purpose of this study it was not necessary to perfuse the liver. However, each investigator should determine if the presence of peripheral blood in the liver would adversely affect their immunohistochemical analysis. Liver or muscles to be embedded were initially placed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on ice for transport.
Liver sections were cut into ~5 mm slices, blotted dry, and placed in a cryo-mold on a thin layer of Optimal Cutting Temperature (OCT) embedding media (Sakura), then covered completely with OCT. In order to demonstrate the significance of the freezing process, OCT-embedded samples were either snap-frozen by floating on liquid nitrogen, placed in a dry-ice/isopropanol slurry, or placed directly on dry-ice. Frozen blocks were further stored at −80°C until sectioned.
Excised muscle tissue was blotted dry on an absorbent cloth and mounted on a ~3 inch × 5/8 inch dowel using a small amount of 10% (w/v) gum tragacanth (Sigma) in PBS. A 15 mL conical tube was filled with 5 mL of 2-methylbutane (isopentane), and submerged into liquid nitrogen (LqN2). The isopentane was cooled until it became viscous but before crystals began to form. The dowel was inverted and gently submerged in the LqN2 cooled 2-methylbutane. The diameter of the dowel prevented the tissue from hitting the bottom of the tube (Figure 1). Samples were stored at −80°C in 2-methylbutane until sectioned. Some tissue samples were OCT-embedded and placed in a dry-ice/isopropanol slurry, or placed directly on dry-ice. Frozen blocks were further stored at −80°C until sectioned.
Frozen tissues were cut into ~10 μm sections using a Leica cryostat and mounted on poly-lysine coated slides. Sections were allowed to air-dry overnight at room temperature prior to staining.
Publication 2012
Animals BLOOD Dry Ice Fluorescent Antibody Technique Freezing Fungus, Filamentous Inhalation isopentane Isopropyl Alcohol Liver Lysine Muscle Tissue Nitrogen Phosphates Poly A Quadriceps Femoris Retinal Cone Saline Solution Skeletal Muscles Tibial Muscle, Anterior Tissues Tragacanth Viscosity
Preparation of DEN2-NGC and YFV-17D stocks has been previously described [8] (link). Infectious stocks of JFH1 HCV were generated and titrated by foci forming assay using HuH-7.5 cells as described in [16] (link).
Titers of stocks and experimental samples were determined by foci forming assays. These assays were performed as described in Sessions et al. [8] (link) with the following modifications: 2×105 Vero cells/well were plated in 24-well plates. Following virus adsorption, 0.5 mL of 1∶1 1.2% Tragacanth Gum (Sigma)/2× EMEM (Lonza), supplemented with 5% FBS and 10 mM HEPES (Invitrogen) was added per well. The primary antibodies 4G2 and YF-mAF were used to detect DEN2-NGC and YFV-17D, respectively. Alexa488-conjugated anti-mouse antibody was used as secondary and foci were detected by immuno-fluorescence.
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Publication 2012
Adsorption Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Biological Assay Cells Fluorescent Antibody Technique Hepatitis C HEPES Mus Tragacanth Vero Cells Virus
Immunodeficient Rag2-/- γC-/- C5-/- mice aged 2 to 3 months were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride (80 mg/kg) and xylasin (10 mg/kg) (Sigma-Aldrich). To induce severe muscle damage and trigger regeneration, the recipient tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were exposed to cryodamage, and a single injection of immortalized human cells (15 μl of cell suspension containing 2.5 × 105 or 5 × 105 cells in PBS) was administered as described previously [23 (link)]. Four weeks after transplantation, the recipient TA muscles were dissected, mounted in gum tragacanth, and frozen in liquid nitrogen-cooled isopentane for later analysis.
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Publication 2011
Cells Freezing Homo sapiens Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Injections, Intraperitoneal isopentane Ketamine Hydrochloride Mus Muscle Tissue Nitrogen Precipitating Factors RAG2 protein, human Regeneration Tibial Muscle, Anterior Tragacanth Transplantation
Performance of the films in the presence of SS was assessed with reference to our previously described method for CS/tragacanth/xanthan gum hydrogels, for buccal administration [43 (link)]. Given the variations in the drug release profiles observed for different pH conditions (Section 3.7.), the swelling test was conducted for films immersed in 15 mL of the SS adjusted to pH 4.8 and 6.8. 1 cm2 films were carefully weighted and placed in the baskets dedicated for USP Dissolution tests [44 ]. Twenty-five milliliter beakers with baskets were then filled with the swelling medium, protected with parafilm and thermostated on a water bath at 37.0 ± 0.5 °C. After 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 240 min, the baskets were removed from the beakers, carefully drained with cellulose wadding and then weighted using the analytical balance. Based on the obtained values of mass fluctuations, the degree of swelling (α) was calculated. For that purpose, the following equation was used:
where Ws is the weight of a film after swelling, and W0 is the initial weight of a film [45 (link)]. The study was performed in triplicate.
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Publication 2021
Administration, Buccal Bath Cellulose Drug Liberation Hydrogels Tragacanth xanthan gum

Most recents protocols related to «Tragacanth»

Following the conclusion
of a pulse-chase experiment, cEND-coated
translucent PCIs were rinsed two times with PBS and then fixed for
10 min in 4% paraformaldehyde (VWR). Following three further washes
with PBS, the PCI membranes were carefully removed using a scalpel
blade and mounted vertically in 6% gum tragacanth (Sigma) on a 20
mm cork disc (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The mounted PCI was snap-frozen
in dry-ice-cooled isopentane and immediately stored at −80
°C. Using a CryoStar NX70 (Thermo Scientific) cryostat set to −20
°C, eight-micron cryosections were cut and mounted on Thermofrost
Plus (Thermo Fisher Scientific) glass cover slides. Individual sections
were isolated with a wax pen, rinsed three times with Tris-buffered
solution (TBS), and permeabilized for 10 min at room temperature with
0.1% Triton X-100/TBS. Sections were rinsed in 0.05% Tween 20 (wash
buffer—diluted in TBS) three times, followed by a 30 min block
incubation at room temperature in 10% bovine serum albumin (BSA—diluted
in TBS). Sections were rinsed in wash buffer three times, followed
by an overnight incubation at 4 °C with primary antibodies diluted
in 10% BSA/TBS (1/100 rat antitransferrin receptor (NovusBio), 1/50
goat anti-CD31 (R&D Systems), or 1/100 rabbit anti-Rab5 (Abcam)).
Sections were rinsed with wash buffer three times, followed by 1 h
room temperature incubation with 1/500 host-targeted fluorescently
labeled antibodies (goat antirat Alexa 488, donkey antigoat Alexa
488, goat antirabbit Alexa 555, or donkey antimouse 555 (Thermo Fisher
Scientific)). Sections were rinsed with wash buffer three times and
mounted with a glass coverslip in Fluoromount-G medium (Thermo Fisher
Scientific) supplemented with 100 ng/mL 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
(DAPI). Epifluorescent images were taken using a 10× objective
[numerical aperture (NA) 0.30] by an Olympus BX53 fluorescent microscope
(Mercury Vapor Short Arc lamp). DAPI was detected using excitation
bandwidths 360/370 nm and emission bandwidths 420/460 nm. Alexa 488
was detected using excitation bandwidths 470/495 nm and emission bandwidths
510/550 nm. TIFF images were taken using cellSens Dimension software
and further prepared for publication using ImageJ software. Confocal
images were taken using a 63× oil objective (NA 1.4–85
nm pixel size) by an LSM700 microscope with Zeiss Zen software. Lasers
DAPI 405 (wavelength ranges 420–480 nm), 488 (wavelength ranges
< 572 nm), and 555 (wavelength range greater than 560 nm) were
detected using photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) using pinhole sizes 60,
69, and 65 μM, respectively. Images were further processed using
deconvolution software Huygens Professional (signal-to-noise ratio
30—Scientific Volume Imaging). ImageJ software was used to
create an audio video interleave (AVI) movie from individual deconvoluted z-stack confocal LSM5 images and also to display Alexa 488
images (TfR) with a false-color look-up table (LUT) to display intensity
levels on the membrane cell surfaces.
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Publication 2023
Antibodies Buffers Cryoultramicrotomy DAPI Dry Ice Equus asinus Goat isopentane Mercury Microscopy paraform Plasma Membrane Pulse Rate Rabbits Serum Albumin, Bovine Tissue, Membrane Tragacanth Triton X-100 Tromethamine Tween 20
Biopsies from the AVj and RV were embedded in Tragacanth mounting medium (Histolab Products AB, Gothenburg, Sweden), frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored in a −80°C. The biopsies were sliced into 7 μm sections and stained with hematoxylin–eosin and Picric Sirius red for histology.
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Publication 2023
Biopsy Eosin Freezing Nitrogen Tragacanth
PRNT was conducted as previously described [23 (link)]. A volume (300 µL) of each purified mAb under serial dilution starting from 10 μg/mL was incubated with 80 PFU of SARS-CoV-2 at the final volume of 600 µL at 4 °C overnight. The mixtures were added in triplicates to confluent monolayers of Vero E6 cells, grown in 12-well plates, and incubated at 37 °C in a humidified, 5% CO2 atmosphere for 60 min. Then, 4 mL/well of a medium containing 2% Gum Tragacanth (Sigma Aldrich) + MEM 2.5% FCS were added. Plates were left at 37 °C with 5% CO2. After 3 days, the overlay was removed, and the cell monolayers were washed with PBS in order to completely remove the overlay medium. Cells were stained with a crystal violet 1.5% alcoholic solution. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus-infected cells was indicated by the formation of plaques. The inhibitory concentration (IC)50 was determined as the highest dilution of serum resulting in a 50% (PRNT50) reduction of plaques as compared to the virus control.
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Publication 2023
Alcoholics Atmosphere SARS-CoV-2 Senile Plaques Serum Technique, Dilution Tragacanth Vero Cells Violet, Gentian Virus

Timing: 1 day

This section describes how to generate cryosections from injured murine skeletal muscle.

10 days prior of the sample collection, inject cardiotoxin (CTX) into tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mice of both sex (2-month-old, C57/B6) to injury muscle as previously described.6 (link)

Note: Make sure to inject PBS in the TA of the same mouse as non-injured negative control.

Collect TAs at 10 days post-injury:

Place a small amount of tragacanth gum on a slice of cork.

Extract both TA muscles as previously described.7 (link)

To ensure the transverse sections, insert the distal tendon of the TA muscle (1/4 part) into the tragacanth gum and freeze directly in liquid nitrogen cooled isopentane for 40 s as previously described.7 (link)

Note: Make sure the TA muscle is in a perpendicular position and in the center of the cork.

Pause point: The samples can be stored at −80°C up to 2 years.

Generate 10 μm cryosections as previously described.7 (link)

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Publication 2023
Cardiotoxins Cryoultramicrotomy Freezing Injuries isopentane Mice, Laboratory Mus Muscle Tissue Nitrogen Skeletal Muscles Specimen Collection Tendons Tibial Muscle, Anterior Tragacanth
The muscles were mounted on 6% Tragacanth gum 292 (Sigma-Aldrich), snap frozen in liquid nitrogen-cooled isopentane, and stored at −80 °C.
Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed using a multistainer LEICA ST5020 following standard procedures. Images were recorded using a digital slide scanner (Leica Biosystems) and analyzed using ImageScope software (Leica Biosystems).
Isolated muscle fibers were prepared from EDL muscle as described by us (38 (link)) and others (36 (link)). The isolated live myofibers were either immediately mounted on slides for direct EGFP-fluorescence imaging or mounted following a 10-min incubation with SiR-actin (1:1,000 dilution, Spirochrome), MemBright (1:1,000 dilution, 550 Lipilight by MemBright, Idylle), and Hoechst (1:1,000 dilution, Sigma-Aldrich) in isolation medium [FluoroBrite Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM, ThermoFisher) supplemented with 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 4 mM L-glutamine (ThermoFisher), and 1% sodium pyruvate (ThermoFisher)]. Isolated fibers from adult rat EDL and FDB muscles were prepared using the protocol for enzymatic digestion as described (38 (link)).
For immunocytochemistry, muscle fibers were fixed with 4% PFA directly after enzymatic isolation. For mechanical fiber isolation, EDL muscles of C57BL/6 mice were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 30 min, then washed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and fibers were separated using blunt glass needles. For immunohistochemistry, cryosections were fixed with 4% PFA for 10 min. Immunostaining was performed as previously described (36 (link)) using primary antibodies against C-terminal part of dystrophin (1:10 dilution, NCL-DYS2, mouse IgG1, Leica Biosystems; or 1:500 dilution, RB-9024-P, rabbit pAb IgG, ThermoFisher Scientific), GFP (1:500 dilution, ab13970, chicken pAb IgG, Abcam), Col XXII (1:100 and 1:250 dilution for isolated fibers and cryosections, respectively, ab121846, rabbit pAb IgG, Abcam), and β-sarcoglycan (1:50 dilution, NCL-L-b-SARC, mouse IgG1, Leica Biosystems), incubated overnight at 4 °C, followed by incubation for 1 h at room temperature with fluorochrome-labeled secondary antibodies (1:400, Alexa Fluor goat anti-mouse IgG1-555/633, goat anti-chicken IgG-555/647, and goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L)-488/555/633). Fibers were then mounted on slides using Fluoromount-G (SouthernBiotech).
Publication 2023
Actins Adult Alexa Fluor 555 anti-IgG Antibodies Chickens Cryoultramicrotomy Digestion Dystrophin Enzymes Eosin Fibrosis Fingers Fluorescent Dyes Freezing Glutamine Goat IgG1 Immunocytochemistry Immunohistochemistry isopentane Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Muscle Tissue Needles Nitrogen paraform Penicillins Phosphates Pyruvate Rabbits Saline Solution Sarcoglycans Sodium Streptomycin Technique, Dilution Tragacanth

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Gum tragacanth is a natural gum obtained from the sap of certain Middle Eastern and Central Asian Astragalus species. It is a stable, cohesive, and viscous polysaccharide material commonly used as a thickening, emulsifying, and stabilizing agent in various laboratory applications.
Sourced in United States, Israel, Germany
Tragacanth is a natural gum that is derived from the sap of certain species of Astragalus plants. It is a white to yellowish-white, odorless, and tasteless powder or flakes. Tragacanth is commonly used as a thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying agent in various industries, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
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Crystal violet solution is a laboratory reagent commonly used in various applications, such as cell staining and microbiological procedures. It is a deep purple-colored solution that contains the dye crystal violet dissolved in an aqueous or alcoholic solvent. The solution's core function is to provide a staining agent for the visualization and identification of cellular structures or microorganisms.
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Crystal violet is a synthetic dye commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a dark purple crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohol. Crystal violet has a variety of applications in the field of microbiology and histology, including as a staining agent for microscopy and in the gram staining technique.
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Tragacanth gum is a natural, water-soluble polysaccharide derived from the sap of certain species of the Astragalus plant. It is a commonly used excipient in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries due to its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties.
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Tragacanth gum is a natural, water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from the dried sap of certain species of the Astragalus plant. It is commonly used as a thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying agent in various laboratory and industrial applications.
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Methylcellulose is a water-soluble cellulose ether produced by Shin-Etsu Chemical. It is a white to off-white, odorless, and tasteless powder. Methylcellulose functions as a thickening, suspending, and emulsifying agent in various applications.
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Isopentane is a colorless, volatile liquid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and in various industrial applications. It is a branched-chain isomer of pentane with the chemical formula C5H12. Isopentane is known for its low boiling point and high flammability, making it suitable for specific laboratory and industrial processes.
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The Leica CM3050 cryostat is a precise and reliable instrument used for the preparation of frozen tissue sections. It features a cooling system that allows the specimen to be maintained at a constant, low temperature, enabling the sectioning of delicate biological samples for various research and diagnostic applications.

More about "Tragacanth"

Tragacanth, also known as Gum tragacanth, is a natural gum exudate derived from the Astragalus plant, a legume genus native to the Middle East and Central Asia.
This versatile substance has a wide range of applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, where it is valued for its unique physical and chemical properties, such as high viscosity, water-binding capacity, and gel-forming ability.
Tragacanth is commonly used as a thickening, emulsifying, and stabilizing agent, lending desirable textural and functional qualities to a variety of products.
Researchers can optimize their Tragacanth studies by utilizing PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that enhances the reproducibility and accuracy of their work.
PubCompare.ai helps researchers easily locate protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and uses intelligent comparisons to identify the best protocols and products for their needs, taking the guesswork out of Tragcanth research.
In addition to Tragacanth, related terms and substances include Crystal violet solution, Crystal violet, Tragacanth gum, SM-25, Methylcellulose, and Isopentane.
These materials may be used in conjunction with or as alternatives to Tragacanth, depending on the specific requirements of the research or application.
By understanding the diverse applications and properties of Tragacanth, as well as the tools and resources available to optimize research, scientists and industry professionals can unlock the full potential of this versatile natural gum and drive advancements in their respective fields.