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Xylose

Xylose is a pentose sugar that is widely distributed in nature, particularly in the hemicellulose fraction of plant cell walls.
It is an important precursor for the production of biofuels and biochemicals.
Xylose can be obtained from agricultural residues and lignocellulosic biomass through various pretreatment and hydrolysis processes.
Optimizing xylose research and production is crucial for advancing sustainable bioeconomy.
PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, can help researchers locate, compare, and identify the best protocols and products for their xylose studies, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.
This innovative tool empowers scientists to experience the future of scientific research and accelerate progress in xylose utilization.

Most cited protocols related to «Xylose»

1
Two-Stage Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis for Lignin Analysis
The use of a two-stage sulfuric acid hydrolysis for the analysis of lignin dates to the turn of the 20th century, although the use of concentrated acid to release sugars from wood dates to the early 19th century (7 ). Klason, in 1906, is often credited as the first to use sulfuric acid to isolate lignin from wood (7 −9 ). The method became named after Klason, and the insoluble residue from the test is known as “Klason lignin.” An English translation of a Klason paper, from this period (10 ), describes his attempt to determine the structure of spruce wood lignin. According to Brauns (7 ), Klason’s method originally used 72 wt % sulfuric acid; he later reduced this to 66 wt % to gelatinize the wood. He filtered the solids and subjected them to a second hydrolysis in 0.5 wt % hydrochloric acid.
Although Klason is generally credited as being the first to use sulfuric acid for lignin analysis, Sherrard and Harris (11 ) credit the use of sulfuric acid to Fleschsig in 1883, Ost and Wilkening in 1912, and König and Rump in 1913. According to Harris (12 ), Fleschsig, in 1883, dissolved cotton cellulose and converted it nearly quantitatively into sugars using strong sulfuric acid followed by dilution and heating. According to Browning (13 ), Ost and Wilkening introduced the use of 72 wt % sulfuric acid for lignin determinations in 1910. A translated paper by Heuser (14 ) credited König and Ost and Wilkening for the sulfuric acid lignin method. Dore (15 ) described several improved analytical methods (cellulose, lignin, soluble pentosans, mannan, and galactan) for the summative analysis of coniferous woods. The discrepancies in attribution may be due to differing definitions for the method cited (e.g., first to use acid to determine lignin, first to use sulfuric acid, first to use 72 wt % sulfuric acid, etc.) and to missed citations across continental distances in the early 20th century.
Sluiter J.B., Ruiz R.O., Scarlata C.J., Sluiter A.D, & Templeton D.W. (2010). Compositional Analysis of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks. 1. Review and Description of Methods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(16), 9043-9053.
Publication 2010
Acids Cellulose Galactans Gossypium Hydrochloric acid Hydrolysis Lignin Mannans Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester Picea Sugars sulfuric acid Technique, Dilution Tracheophyta Xylose
2
Whole-Cell Catalysis: Analytics of Bioderived Products
In whole-cell catalysis bioprocess, xylose, erythritol, 1,3-propylene glycol (1,3-PG), and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HPA) were obtained from Aladdin. Xylonic acid (XA) was purchased from TRC-Canada, erythrulose and yeast extract were procured from Sigma. All other chemicals including nutrient salts and sodium alginate were of analytical grade and were commercially available.
The concentration of xylose and XA were detected by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) coupled with pulsed amperometric detector (Thermo ICS-5000). NaOH (100 mM) was used as mobile phase at flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The separation column used was CarboPac™ PA200. The titer of erythritol, erythrulose, 1,3-PG and 3-HPA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Agilent 1100 series) equipped with Carbohydrate Ca++ 8um HyperRez XP Column and deionized water, after ultrasound, was used as mobile phase at 0.6 mL/min.
Five parallel assays were performed for each experiment.
Hua X., Zhou X., Du G, & Xu Y. (2020). Resolving the formidable barrier of oxygen transferring rate (OTR) in ultrahigh-titer bioconversion/biocatalysis by a sealed-oxygen supply biotechnology (SOS). Biotechnology for Biofuels, 13, 1.
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Publication 2020
3-hydroxypropionaldehyde Anions Biological Assay Carbohydrates Catalysis Cells Chromatography Erythritol erythrulose High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies hydracrylic acid Nutrients Propylene Glycol Salts Sodium Alginate Ultrasonics xylonic acid Xylose Yeast, Dried
3
Growth Conditions for Caulobacter and E. coli
C. crescentus cells were grown in M2G medium supplemented with 1% PYE in the presence of appropriate antibiotics (kanamycin, gentamycin). Log-phase cultures were used for all experiments. Expression from Pxyl and Pvan was induced by adding to the medium 0.3% xylose and 500 μM vanillic acid, respectively. The synchrony was performed as described (Evinger & Agabian, 1977 (link)). E. coli cells were grown in M9 minimal medium supplemented with 1 mM MgSO4, 0.2% casamino acids, 50 μM thiamine, 0.2% of either maltose or glycerol in the presence of appropriate antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol). Strains and plasmids are listed in Table S1.
Sliusarenko O., Heinritz J., Emonet T, & Jacobs-Wagner C. (2011). High-throughput, subpixel-precision analysis of bacterial morphogenesis and intracellular spatio-temporal dynamics. Molecular microbiology, 80(3), 612-627.
Publication 2011
Ampicillin Antibiotics, Antitubercular casamino acids Cells Chloramphenicol Escherichia coli Gentamicin Glycerin Kanamycin Maltose Plasmids Strains Sulfate, Magnesium Thiamine Vanillic Acid Xylose
4
Mating and Sporulation in Trichoderma reesei

Trichoderma reesei (H. jecorina) QM6a wild‐type strain (ATCC 13631) was used as the parental strain to construct deletions of Δvel1. CBS999.97 MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 strains and several other wild‐type and mutant strains from different sources were included in this study to set up informative crosses (Table 1). Female fertile strains FF1 and FF2 with QM6a background were prepared as described previously (Schuster et al., 2012), but with 10 instead of 5 crosses.
Propagation of strains was performed on 3% (w/v) malt extract agar (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Crossing experiments were made on 2% (w/v) malt extract agar at 22°C in daylight (cycles of 12 h light–12 h dark) or constant darkness. Therefore, strains were grown on opposite sides of petri dishes and were evaluated for fruiting body formation and ascospore discharge 7 and 20 days after inoculation respectively. For evaluation of conidiation in QM6a Δvel1, Mandels–Andreotti (MA) medium (Mandels and Andreotti, 1978) supplemented with 1% (w/v) carbon source and 0.1% (w/v) peptone (Merck) to induce germination was used. D‐galactose (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, USA), D‐sorbitol (ALFA AESAR, Karlsruhe, Germany), D‐mannitol (Fluka, St. Gallen, Switzerland), D‐arabinose (Sigma Aldrich), meso‐erythritol (ALFA AESAR) and γ‐amino butyric acid (GABA) (Sigma Aldrich) or D(+)‐xylose (Sigma Aldrich) were used as carbon sources in sporulation assays.
For transcriptional analysis, the strains were pre‐cultured on 3% (w/v) malt extract agar in constant darkness for at least 3 days. Inoculation of strains was performed on 2% (w/v) malt extract agar plates covered with cellophane to facilitate harvesting. To study gene expression in the course of sexual development, the strains were inoculated on both sides of the petri dishes and the mycelia of the partner strains were harvested at the stage of contact (3 days after inoculation). As the mutant strains have growth defects compared with wild‐type strains, they were inoculated in different distances from the opposite mating strain on petri dishes in order to obtain the contact stage of mycelia for the mutant strains at consistent times. Five plates at the stage of contact were pooled and at least two biological replicates were used for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis. In order to compare the obtained data with asexual growth, strains were grown alone on plates and the mycelia were harvested at the time points corresponding to the contact of strains in sexual development. The strains were grown under cycles of 12 h light–12 h darkness at 22°C (1800 lux).
For cellulase screening, strains were grown on plates with MA medium containing 1% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (Sigma Aldrich) and after 2 days were stained with Congo red (0.1% w/v solution in water) (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), which stains cellulose (Carder, 1986). After washing of the plate with 1 M NaCl, halos indicate cellulase production. Addition of 1% (w/v) lactose or glucose (both from Sigma Aldrich) was used as additional controls. Escherichia coli JM109 was used for cloning (Yanisch‐Perron et al., 1985).
Bazafkan H., Dattenböck C., Böhmdorfer S., Tisch D., Stappler E, & Schmoll M. (2015). Mating type‐dependent partner sensing as mediated by VEL1 in T richoderma reesei. Molecular Microbiology, 96(6), 1103-1118.
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Publication 2015
Agar Arabinose Biological Assay Biopharmaceuticals Carbon Carboxymethylcellulose Cellophane Cellulase Cellulose Darkness Erythritol Escherichia coli Females Fertility Galactose gamma Aminobutyric Acid Gene Deletion Gene Expression Germination Glucose Human Body Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Lactose Mannitol Mycelium Parent Patient Discharge Peptones Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Sexual Development Sodium Chloride Sorbitol Staining Strains Transcription, Genetic Trichoderma reesei Vaccination Xylose
5
Transformation of B. subtilis SCK6 strain
The B. subtilis SCK6 strain was inoculated into 3 ml of LB medium with 1 µg ml−1 erythromycin in a test tube. The cells were cultivated at 37°C with shaking at 200 r.p.m. overnight (∼12 h). The culture was then diluted to A600 at 1.0 in a fresh LB medium containing 1% (w/v) xylose and then grown for 2 h. The resulting cell culture was ready to be transformed or divided into aliquots and stocked at −80°C with 10% (v/v) glycerol.
One microlitre of the PCR product containing plasmid multimers was mixed with 100 µl of the supercompetent cells in a plastic test tube and cultivated at 37°C with shaking at 200 r.p.m. for 90 min. An aliquot of the transformed cells was diluted by 103‐ to 104‐fold for estimating the transformation efficiency. To facilitate the further segregation of different clones in the same cell (Shafikhani et al., 1997 (link)), the rest of the transformed cells were diluted into 10 ml of M9 minimal medium containing 5 µg ml−1 chloramphenicol and grown at 37°C for 14 h. The cell cultures were then diluted by 20‐fold with the same medium and grown for an additional 8 h. The serial diluted transformants were spread on LBR plates containing 5 µg ml−1 chloramphenicol and incubated at 37°C for 20 h. Positive colonies that were surrounded with big and clear halo zones were selected for further characterization and DNA sequencing using the primer pair P9/P10.
Zhang X, & Zhang Y.‐. (2010). Simple, fast and high‐efficiency transformation system for directed evolution of cellulase in Bacillus subtilis. Microbial biotechnology, 4(1), 98-105.
Publication 2010
Cell Culture Techniques Chloramphenicol Clone Cells Erythromycin Glycerin M-200 Oligonucleotide Primers Plasmids Strains Xylose

Most recents protocols related to «Xylose»

1
Marker-Free Bacillus subtilis Strain Engineering
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

This example describes the generation of a marker-free B. subtilis strain expressing allulose epimerase. Briefly, in a first step, a B. subtilis strain was transformed with a cassette encoding the BMCGD1 epimerase and including an antibiotic resistance marker. This cassette recombined into the Bacillus chromosome and knocked out 8 kb of DNA, including a large sporulation gene cluster and the lysine biosynthesis gene lysA. In a second step, a second cassette was recombined into the B. subtilis chromosome, restoring the lysA gene and removing DNA encoding the antibiotic resistance. E. coli strain 39 A10 from the Keio collection was used to passage plasmid DNA prior to transformation of B. subtilis. The relevant phenotype is a deficiency in the DNA methylase HsdM in an otherwise wild-type K-12 strain of E. coli.

In detail, a cassette of 5120 bp (SEQ ID NO:1; synthetic DNA from IDT, Coralville, Iowa) was synthesized and cloned into a standard ampicillin resistant pIDT vector. The synthetic piece encoded 700 bp upstream of lysA on the B. subtilis chromosome, the antibiotic marker cat (651 bp), the DNA-binding protein lad (1083 bp), and the allulose epimerase (894 bp), and included 700 bp of homology in dacF. This vector was transformed into E. coli strain 39 A10 (Baba et al., 2006), and plasmid DNA was prepared and transformed into B. subtilis strains 1A751 and 1A976.

Transformants were selected on LB supplemented with chloramphenicol. The replicon for pIDT is functional in E. coli but does not work in Gram positive bacteria such as B. subtilis. The colonies that arose therefore represented an integration event into the chromosome. In strain 1A751, the colony morphology on the plates was used to distinguish between single and double recombination events. The double recombination event would knock out genes required for sporulation, whereas the single recombination would not. After three days on LB plates, colonies capable of sporulation were brown and opaque; sporulation-deficient colonies were more translucent.

B. subtilis strain 1A976 with the allulose epimerase cassette is auxotrophic for histidine and lysine and can achieve very high transformation efficiency upon xylose induction. A 1925 bp synthetic DNA (SEQ ID NO:2) was amplified by primers (SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4) and Taq polymerase (Promega). This PCR product encoded the lysA gene that was deleted by the dropping in the epimerase cassette and 500 bp of homology to lad. A successful double recombination event of this DNA should result in colonies that are prototrophic for lysine and sensitive to chloramphenicol; i.e., the entire cat gene should be lost.

Transformants were selected on Davis minimal media supplemented with histidine. Colonies that arose were characterized by PCR and streaking onto LB with and without chloramphenicol. Strains that amplified the introduced DNA and that were chloramphenicol sensitive were further characterized, and their chromosomal DNA was extracted.

Strain 1A751 containing the chloramphenicol resistant allulose was transformed with this chromosomal DNA and selected on Davis minimal media supplemented with histidine. Transformants were streaked onto LB with and without chloramphenicol and characterized enzymatically as described below.

US11859228B2. Epimerase enzymes and their use (2024-01-02). Archer Daniels Midland Company [US]. Inventors: William Schroeder [US], Padmesh Venkitasubramanian [US], Sridhar Govindarajan [US], Mark Welch [US].
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Patent 2024
Ampicillin Anabolism Antibiotic Resistance, Microbial Antibiotics Bacillus Bacillus subtilis Chloramphenicol Chromosomes Cloning Vectors DNA, A-Form DNA-Binding Proteins Epimerases Escherichia coli Gene Clusters Gene Knockout Techniques Genes Gram-Positive Bacteria Histidine Lysine Methyltransferase Oligonucleotide Primers Phenotype Plasmids psicose Recombination, Genetic Replicon Strains Taq Polymerase Xylose
2
Enzyme Blend Enhances Waste Solubilization
Not available on PMC !

Example 4

Experiments were performed in 100 ml Kautex bottles. Model waste was mixed with water to a volume at 50 ml and at TS concentration of 7.5%. CBC and the selected blend (B.a protease:T.I pholip:A.a BG:CBC in ratio of 10:5:15:70) were added in amounts corresponding to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and 200% of the concentration that has been used as default during the previous experiments (2.4% enzymes protein/TS). Bottles were incubated on a Stuart Rotator SB3 and placed in a 50° C. oven for 24 hours.

A significant improvement in TS-solubilization was seen at all applied enzyme concentrations, when comparing the blend with CBC. The TS-solubilization at default settings (2.4% CBC/TS) was around 25%. This was obtained with only approximately 0.9% of the blend, which corresponds to a lowering in enzyme dosage of approximately 2.5 to 2.7 times (See FIG. 2). At the same time we found a clear increase in hydrolysis and fermentation products such as glucose, xylose, lactic acid (FIG. 3, and FIG. 5). This is a surprise since 15% of CBC (cellulase and xylanase activities) was replaced with the lipase and protease.

US11873522B2. Solubilization of MSW with blend enzymes (2024-01-16). Renescience A/S [DK]. Inventors: Hanne Risbjerg Soerensen [DK], Lisa Rosgaard [DK], Henrik B. Nielsen [DK], Lone Baekgaard [DK], Joanna Wawrzynczyk [DK].
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Patent 2024
Cellulase Enzymes Fermentation Glucose Hydrolysis Lactic Acid Lipase Peptide Hydrolases Proteins Xylose
3
Cultivation of R. toruloides on CGHH and CG
Cultivations were performed as described in [13 (link)]. Briefly, bioreactors (Multifors, Infors HT, Bottmingen, Switzerland) with 500 mL working volume were used for growing R. toruloides CBS14 containing either CGHH (50% CG, 10% HH) or only CG (50% CG) as carbon sources as well as 0.75 g/L yeast extract (BactoTM Yeast Extract, BD, France), 1 g/L MgCl2 6xH2O (Merck KGaA, Germany), 2 g/L (NH4)2HPO4 (≥ 98%, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and 1.7 g/L YNB without amino acids and ammonium sulphate (DifcoTM, Becton Dickinson, France). To inoculate the bioreactors, cells from a −80 °C stock culture were streaked on YPD-agar (glucose 20 g/L, yeast extract 10 g/L, peptone 20 g/L) and incubated for 3 days. From the plates, cells were inoculated into 100 mL YPD in 500 mL baffled Erlenmeyer flasks. After incubation on an orbital shaker at 125 rpm and 25 °C for 72 h, the cells were transferred to 50 mL-Falcon tubes, washed twice with NaCl-solution (9 g/L) and re-suspended with NaCl-solution. Cultures were inoculated with the cell suspension, to reach an initial OD of 1 in the cultivation. Cultivations were performed in triplicate at 25 °C, pH 6, and an oxygen tension of 21%.
CG was obtained from Perstorp Holding AB, Sweden. The glycerol concentration was specified as 80%; however, there were differences from batch to batch. For the cultivations described here, the same batch was used as in the bioreactor experiments in [13 (link)]. HH was generated from wheat straw, after steam explosion and enzymatic digestion. Pretreatment was performed at Lund University, Sweden, as described previously [16 (link)]. Briefly, the straw was soaked with 1% acetic acid overnight, and then steam exploded at 190 °C. The liquid fraction, representing the solubilised hemicellulose, was removed from the solid fraction by pressing and used in the experiments. HH contained 26.2 g/L xylose, 7 g/L glucose, 6.6 g/L acetic acid and small amounts of arabinose (< 0.5 g/L). The nitrogen content was 0.6 g/l [27 (link)]. The pH was set to 6 by addition of appropriate amounts of 5 M NaOH [13 (link)]. The C/N-ratios were 32.5 for CGHH and 30.7 for CG.
Samples for RNA-isolation and determination of the concentrations of biomass, carbon sources and lipids were isolated from R. toruloides CBS14 cultures grown at different growth conditions: they were taken from CG cultures after 10 h, 30 h, and 60 h and from CGHH cultures after 10 h, 36 h, and 60 h. Cell dry weight was determined gravimetrically, and glucose, xylose, acetic acid and arabinose were determined by HPLC [17 (link)]. Lipid content was measured using FT-NIR, as described previously [28 (link)]. Cell samples for RNA isolation (3 mL) were rapidly collected in Falcon tubes and placed in ice to decrease sample temperature.
Martín-Hernández G.C., Chmielarz M., Müller B., Brandt C., Viehweger A., Hölzer M, & Passoth V. (2023). Enhanced glycerol assimilation and lipid production in Rhodotorula toruloides CBS14 upon addition of hemicellulose primarily correlates with early transcription of energy-metabolism-related genes. Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, 16, 42.
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Publication 2023
Acetic Acid Agar Amino Acids Arabinose Bioreactors Blast Injuries Carbon Cell Culture Techniques Cells Cell Separation Digestion Enzymes Glucose Glycerin Growth Disorders hemicellulose High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies isolation Lipids Magnesium Chloride Nitrogen Oxygen-21 Peptones Sodium Chloride Steam Sulfate, Ammonium Triticum aestivum Xylose Yeast, Dried
4
Molecular Weight Distribution and Monosaccharide Composition of Crude EPS
Molecular weight distributions of lyophilized crude EPS were determined by size exclusion chromatography. In brief, crude EPS powder was suspended in 0.1 M NaNO3 (0.5 mg/mL) and then filtered through a 0.45 μm pore diameter polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (Millipore Corporation, USA). The average molecular weight (MW) was determined by high-performance molecular exclusion chromatography (HPLC-SEC, Agilent 1,100 Series System, Hewlett-Packard, Germany) associated with a refractive index (IR) detector (Ibarburu et al., 2015 (link)). 50 μL of the samples were injected and eluted at a flow rate of 0.95 mL/min (pressure: 120:130 psi) at room temperature using 0.1 M NaNO3 as mobile phase. Dextrans (0.5 mg/mL) with a molecular weight between 103 and 2.106 Da (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) were used as standards.
Once the molecular weight distributions were determined, low and high molecular weight fractions that composed the crude EPS obtained at 20°C were separated. For this purpose, EPS solutions (0.2% w/v) were centrifuged through a Vivaspin™ ultrafiltration spin column 100 KDa MWCO, (Sartorious, Goettingen, Germany) for 20 min at 6000 g, eluting only the low MW fraction. Subsequently, high MW fraction retained in the column was eluted using hot distilled water. The eluted fractions were passed through a Vivaspin column (cut-off 30KDa) in order to separate the middle and low MW fraction of EPS.
Monosaccharide composition of crude EPS and their fractions were determined by gas chromatography as previously described (Notararigo et al., 2013 (link)). Briefly, 1–2 mg of EPS were hydrolyzed in 1 mL of 3 M trifluoroacetic acid (1 h at 120°C). The monosaccharides obtained were converted into alditol acetates by reduction with NaBH4 and subsequent acetylation. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography in an Agilent 7890A coupled to a 5975C mass detector, using an HP5-MS column with helium as carrier gas at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. For each run, 1 μL of sample was injected (with a Split 1:50) and the following temperature program was performed: the oven was heat to 175°C for 1 min; the temperature was increased to 215°C at a rate of 2.5°C/min and then increased to 225°C at 10°C/min, keeping it constant at this temperature for 1.5 min. Monosaccharides were identified by comparison of retention times with standards (arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, mannose, glucosamine and galactosamine) analyzed under the same conditions. Calibration curves were also processed for monosaccharide quantification. Myo-inositol was added to each sample as internal standard.
Bengoa A.A., Dueñas M.T., Prieto A., Garrote G.L, & Abraham A.G. (2023). Exopolysaccharide-producing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains isolated from kefir as starter for functional dairy products. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1110177.
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Publication 2023
Acetates Acetylation Arabinose Dextrans Division Phase, Cell Galactosamine Galactose Gas Chromatography Gel Chromatography Glucosamine Glucose Helium High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Inositol Mannose Monosaccharides polyvinylidene fluoride Powder Pressure Retention (Psychology) Rhamnose Sugar Alcohols Tissue, Membrane Trifluoroacetic Acid Ultrafiltration Xylose
5
Salmonella Contamination in Chicken Skin
Chicken skins were randomly collected from Koch Food Company (USA) and sliced into 10 cm × 10 cm samples. To minimize contamination, chicken skin was washed with 200 ppm chlorine solution (Sigma-Aldrich Co.) and sterilized DW. Then, 200 ml of the Salmonella cocktail was inoculated onto the chicken at concentrations ranging from 101 to 103 CFU/100 cm2. An equal amount of PBS was added onto other chicken skins as negative controls. The inoculated chicken skins were dried under a biosafety cabinet for bacterial attachment and placed in an Erlenmeyer flask prior to further incubation in a refrigerator (4°C) for 48 h. Next, 100 ml of brain heart infusion (BHI, EMD Science, Germany) or brilliant green (BG, Difco Laboratories Inc.) broth was added to each flask and incubated at 37°C in an orbital shaker at 250 rpm. Then, 100 μl of sample was collected from BHI and BG broths at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h, and the resuscitated bacterial population was measured using xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (Difco Laboratories Inc.) and recorded as log CFU/chicken for comparison. Subsequently, 20 ml of samples were obtained from both broths and washed 3 times by centrifugation at 4,000 ×g for 20 min. After resuspending with 1 ml of PBS, 100 μl of Salmonella suspension was used for ELISA and GB-LMIS, as described in the previous section. The results are expressed as log CFU/chicken for the comparison.
, & Park M.K. (2023). Comparison of Gold Biosensor Combined with Light Microscope Imaging System with ELISA for Detecting Salmonella in Chicken after Exposure to Simulated Chilling Condition. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 33(2), 228-234.
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Publication 2023
Agar Bacteria Brain brilliant green Centrifugation Chickens Chlorine Deoxycholate Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Food Heart Keratosis pilaris Lysine Salmonella Xylose

Top products related to «Xylose»

1
Xylose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain, United Kingdom, Ireland, Sweden
Xylose is a monosaccharide that can be used in laboratory equipment and procedures. It is a key component in various biochemical and analytical applications.
2
D xylose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Sao Tome and Principe, China, Poland, Belgium, United Kingdom
D-xylose is a monosaccharide sugar that can be used in various laboratory applications. It is a pentose sugar that is naturally found in plant materials. D-xylose has a wide range of potential uses in research and analysis, but a detailed description of its core function is not available while maintaining an unbiased and factual approach.
3
Galactose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe, Italy, France, Canada, Singapore, Japan, Spain, Sweden
Galactose is a monosaccharide that serves as a core component in various laboratory analyses and experiments. It functions as a fundamental building block for complex carbohydrates and is utilized in the study of metabolic processes and cellular structures.
4
Arabinose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Sao Tome and Principe, United Kingdom, Sweden
Arabinose is a monosaccharide that is commonly used as a component in various laboratory equipment and supplies. It functions as a carbohydrate source and can be utilized in various biochemical and microbiological applications.
5
D glucose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Australia, France, Italy, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Japan, Macao, Israel, Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, India, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Brazil, Singapore, Netherlands
D-glucose is a type of monosaccharide, a simple sugar that serves as the primary source of energy for many organisms. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. D-glucose is a naturally occurring compound and is a key component of various biological processes.
6
Mannose by Merck Group
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Mannose is a type of sugar molecule that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It serves as a core structural component in various biological compounds and can be utilized in a variety of applications within the scientific research field.
7
D galactose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Sao Tome and Principe, China, Poland, Belgium, Japan
D-galactose is a monosaccharide carbohydrate. It is a constituent of many natural polysaccharides, including lactose, cerebrosides, and gangliosides. D-galactose can be used as a laboratory reagent.
8
Rhamnose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Sweden, Switzerland
Rhamnose is a monosaccharide that serves as a core component in various glycoconjugates. It is a sugar alcohol commonly used in biochemical and microbiological applications as a carbon source and for the cultivation of certain bacteria and fungi.
9
D mannose by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, India, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, Belgium, Singapore
D-mannose is a type of sugar that can be used as a component in laboratory equipment and processes. It serves as a basic chemical substance for various applications in research and development.

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