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Methylmethacrylate

Methylmethacrylate is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor.
It is used in the production of various polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) products, including acrylic glass, bone cement, and dental materials.
Methylmethacrylate can undergo polymerization to form PMMA, which has numerous industrial and medical applications.
Researchers studying Methylmethacrylate can utilize PubCompare.ai, an AI-powered tool that helps identify the most reliable protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, enabling improved reproducibility and accuracy in Methylmethacrylate studies.
The tool compares methods side-by-side to identify the best approach and products, enhancing the quality and efficiency of Methylmethacrylate research.

Most cited protocols related to «Methylmethacrylate»

To measure dynamic bone formation parameters, mice (wild-type) were injected subcutaneously with calcein (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) [30mg/kg body weight] on day 9 before tissue harvest and xylenol orange (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) [90mg/kg body weight] on day 2 before tissue harvest.
Both human core bone samples and mouse hind limbs were excised, cleaned of soft tissue, and fixed in 3.7% formaldehyde for 72 hours. Isolated bone tissue were dehydrated in graded alcohols (70 to 100%), cleared in xylene and embedded in methyl methacrylate. Plastic tissue blocks were cut into 5µm sections using a Polycut-S motorized microtome(Reichert-Jung, Nossloch, Germany).
After the mouse bone sections were used to measure the fluorochrome labeled surface and interlabel width, they were deplasticized in xylene and then stained with Goldner’s Trichrome.
Randomly selected regions of interest (ROIs) within three sections per limb were visualized for fluorochrome labeling using a Nikon Eclipse 90i microscope and Nikon Plan Fluor 10X objective. ROIs from the same sections were visualized using a Nikon Eclipse 90i microscope and 4X and 20X objectives for Goldner’s Trichrome staining. Image capture was performed using NIS Elements Imaging Software 3.10 Sp2 and a Photometrics Coolsnap EZ camera. The Bioquant Osteo II digitizing system (R&M Biometrics, Nashville, TN) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, or sequentially Adobe Photoshop® and Image J software, were used for image analysis. The following primary measurements for dynamic parameters of bone formation were collected from the trabecular surface in defined ROIs (100 µm distal to the growth plate and 50 µm in from the endosteal cortical bone) at 100X magnification: single-label perimeter (sL.PM), double-labeled perimeter measured along the first label (dL.Pm) and interlabel distance. The same sections were then evaluated under brightfield microscopy after Goldner’s Trichrome staining to determine static parameters of bone formation including: tissue volume (TV), bone volume (BV) and osteoid volume (OV).
Publication 2012
Body Weight Bones Bone Tissue Cancellous Bone Compact Bone Epiphyseal Cartilage Ethanol Fluorescent Dyes fluorexon Formaldehyde Homo sapiens Methylmethacrylate Microscopy Microtomy Mus Osteogenesis Perimetry Tissue Harvesting Tissues Xylene xylenol orange
Freshly dissected tibiae, lumbar vertebrae and calvarial bones were stripped of soft tissue, and placed in 20 ml of 10% neutral phosphate buffered formalin, After fixation, samples were washed with PBS, transferred to 70% ethanol for 4–24 h. All of the bones were dehydrated in graded ethanol (95%, two baths; 100%, four baths), for at least 4 hours each at 4°C. Following dehydration, they were placed in infiltration medium containing 85% destabilized methyl methacrylate (MMA; Sigma, St. Louis, MO), 15% dibutyl phthalate (Sigma), and 0.15% benzoyl peroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA). After three days under vacuum, the bones were removed from the infiltration MMA and placed on pre-polymerized base layers, covered with freshly catalyzed MMA, and incubated for two days at 37.8ºC in a radiant heat oven (Labline, Melrose Park, IL). Glass vials were removed from the oven, cooled at −20.8°C for 1 h, and the specimen blocks removed by breaking the glass. Specimen blocks were trimmed, sectioned, and sequentially polished. The BSEM was used to image the osteocyte lacunae on the sectioned bone surface in the standardized areas. With the analysis software, the images were thresholded. Then the areas of approximately 250 lacunae from each sample were measured in a blinded fashion.
Publication 2012
Bath Bones Calvaria Dehydration Ethanol Formalin Methylmethacrylate Osteocytes Peroxide, Benzoyl Phosphates Phthalate, Dibutyl Tibia Tissues Vacuum Vertebrae, Lumbar
Adult male C57BL/6J mice (20–24 g) were subjected to midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI) consistent with methods previously described [27] . Animal numbers are indicated in the results section and figure legends for individual studies. Mice were anesthetized using 5% isoflurane in 100% oxygen for five minutes and the head of the animal was placed in a stereotaxic frame with continuously delivered isoflurane at 2.5% via nosecone. While anesthetized, the animal's body temperature was maintained using a Deltaphase® isothermal heating pad (Braintree Scientific Inc., Braintree, MA). A midline incision was made exposing bregma and lambda, and fascia was removed from the surface of the skull. A trephine (3 mm outer diameter) was used for the craniotomy, centered on the sagittal suture between bregma and lambda without disruption of the dura. An injury cap prepared from the female portion of a Luer-Loc needle hub was fixed over the craniotomy using cyanoacrylate gel and methyl-methacrylate (Hygenic Corp., Akron, OH). The incision was sutured at the anterior and posterior edges and topical Lidocaine ointment was applied. The injury cap was closed using a Luer-Loc cap and animals were placed in a heated recovery cage and monitored until ambulatory before being returned to their sleep cage.
For injury induction 24 hours post-surgery, animals were re-anesthetized with 5% isoflurane delivered for five minutes. The cap was removed from the injury-hub assembly and the craniotomy was visually inspected through the hub. The hub was then filled with normal saline and attached to the male end of the fluid percussion device (Custom Design and Fabrication, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA). An injury of moderate severity (1.2–1.3 atm), mild severity (0.8 atm) or sham injury was administered by releasing the pendulum onto the fluid-filled cylinder. Sham-injured animals underwent the same procedure except the pendulum was not released. Animals were monitored for the presence of a forearm fencing response, and righting reflex times were recorded for the injured animals as indicators of injury severity [28] (link). The righting reflex time is the total time from the initial impact until the animal spontaneously rights itself. The fencing response is a tonic posturing characterized by extension and flexion of opposite arms that has been validated as an overt indicator of injury force magnitude [28] (link). The injury hub was removed and the brain was inspected for uniform herniation and integrity of the dura. Animals in which the dura was compromised were excluded from all studies as technical failures. The incision was cleaned using saline and closed using sutures. Moderate brain-injured animals had righting reflex recovery times greater than six minutes and a positive fencing response, and mild injured animals had righting reflex times between two and four minutes and no fencing response. Sham injured animals recovered within 10 seconds. After spontaneously righting, animals were placed in a heated recovery cage and monitored until ambulatory before being returned to their sleep cage (approximately 5 to 15 minutes). Adequate measures were taken to minimize pain or discomfort.
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Publication 2014
Adult Animals Arm, Upper Body Temperature Brain Craniotomy Cranium Cyanoacrylates Dura Mater Fascia Females Forearm Head Hernia Injuries Isoflurane Lidocaine Males Medical Devices Methylmethacrylate Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Needles Neoplasm Metastasis Normal Saline Ointments Operative Surgical Procedures Oxygen Pain Percussion Reading Frames Reflex, Righting Saline Solution Sleep Sutures
Three adult primates (Macaca fascicularis) underwent convective co-infusion of 13.5 to 35 microliters (Table 1) of 3H-muscimol and gadolinium-DTPA to the bilateral striata. The animals were placed under general endotracheal anesthesia. Vital signs were monitored during the operation and infusion. The head of the animal was secured in a stereotactic frame (Model 9-YSTI-35, Crist Instrument Co., Inc., Hagerstown, MD). A skin incision was made in the midline on the skull vertex to expose the skull. Two 8 mm burr holes were placed over the cannula entry points and the dura mater was opened. The outer guide cannulas (outer diameter 0.686 mm, inner diameter 0.508 mm) were bilaterally positioned along the target trajectory to a level 1.5 cm above the desired striatal target. The guide cannulas were secured with methylmethacrylate to the skull. The inner cannulas (outer diameter 0.356 mm, inner diameter 0.152 mm) were connected to the infusion tubing/syringe. They were then placed through the outer guide cannula to target.
Infusate was distributed to the striatum using convection using a previously described noncompliant, dead-volume free, gastight delivery system.12 (link) A Harvard syringe pump (PHD 2000, Harvard Apparatus, Inc., South Natick, MA) was used to create a small hydrostatic pressure during the infusion. The pressure was transmitted to an infusate-filled syringe (250 microliter total volume) that was connected to polyethylene tubing (outer diameter 1.270 mm, inner diameter 0.584 mm) (Plastics One, Roanoke, VA). The inner infusion cannula was connected to the polyethylene tubing. Infusions were performed at 0.1 to 0.5 microliters/minute. Animals were euthanized upon completion of the infusions.
Publication 2009
Adult Anesthesia, Endotracheal Animals Cannula Convection Cranium Dura Mater Gadolinium DTPA Head Hydrostatic Pressure Macaca fascicularis Methylmethacrylate Muscimol Obstetric Delivery Polyethylene, High-Density Pressure Primates Reading Frames Signs, Vital Skin Striatum, Corpus Syringes Trephining
Radiographic images were obtained from anesthetized mice using a Faxitron X-ray system (AxR model MIIONH, Faxitron X-ray Corp., Wheeling, IL) [75] (link). BMD was determined by DEXA using a PIXImus densitometer (G.E. Medical Systems, Lunar Division, Madison, WI) as previously described [28] (link). BMD measurements included the entire thoracic and lumbar spine (spinal BMD) or the entire femur (femoral BMD). For micro-CT analysis, bones were dissected, cleaned of soft tissue and stored in 70% ethanol until analyzed using a Scanco model µCT40 instrument (Scanco Medical AG, Basserdorf, Switzerland) [76] (link). For histomorphometric analysis, femurs were dissected, fixed, and embedded in methyl methacrylate. Static histomorphometric analysis of non-decalcified bone sections was performed in the distal femur, avoiding the growth plate, as previously described [6] (link). Fluorochrome labeling of the bones was performed by intraperitoneal injections of calcein (20 mg/kg, Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO, USA) and alizarin (20 mg/kg, Sigma) administered 8 and 3 days before sacrifice, respectively, as previously described [72] (link). The terminology and units used are those recommended by the Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research [77] . Detection of apoptotic osteoblasts and osteocytes by in situ nick-end labeling was performed as previously described [6] (link), [78] . Mineralized bone was visualized in non-decalcified, plastic-embedded sections using the von Kossa stain, and decalcified, paraffin embedded bone sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, using standard histological procedures.
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Publication 2008
alizarin Apoptosis Bones Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Eosin Epiphyseal Cartilage Ethanol Femur Fluorescent Dyes fluorexon Histological Techniques Injections, Intraperitoneal Methylmethacrylate Minerals Mus Osteoblasts Osteocytes Paraffin Radiography Silver Stains Tissues Vertebrae, Lumbar X-Ray Microtomography

Most recents protocols related to «Methylmethacrylate»

Not available on PMC !

Example 6

A reactor provided with tools such as a stirrer, a nitrogen inlet tube, and a thermometer was charged with 95 parts by mass of the high molecular weight PTFE aqueous dispersion and 1.5 parts by mass of Newcol 707SF, and the components were stirred for 30 minutes. The reactor was then purged with nitrogen and the temperature was increased. After the inner temperature reached 75° C., 0.3 parts by mass of methyl methacrylate as an acrylic monomer and a liquid in which 0.004 parts by mass of ammonium persulfate as a catalyst was dissolved in 1.4 parts by mass of water were simultaneously added dropwise. After 30-minute reaction under stirring at 75° C. and two-hour aging at 80° C., the reaction product was cooled to room temperature, whereby a dispersion was obtained. The resulting dispersion was treated with an L-8 type spray dryer (available from Ohkawara Kakohki Co., Ltd.) at a disk rotation speed of 10000 rpm, a stock solution supply speed of 4 Kg/h, an inlet temperature of 135° C., and an outlet temperature of 80° C., whereby a powder was obtained.

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Patent 2024
ammonium peroxydisulfate Methylmethacrylate Nitrogen Polytetrafluoroethylene Powder Thermometers

Example 2

A carbonic acid triggerable polymer was made with 38.2% Methyl methacrylate (MMA), 60.3% 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and 1.5% ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Collapsed, these particles were opaque-white, and turned semi-translucent when swollen.

Although embodiments described herein are made with reference to example embodiments, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications are well within the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the example embodiments described herein are not limited to any specifically discussed application and that the embodiments described herein are illustrative and not restrictive. From the description of the example embodiments, equivalents of the elements shown therein will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, and ways of constructing other embodiments using the present disclosure will suggest themselves to practitioners of the art. Therefore, the scope of the example embodiments is not limited herein.

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Patent 2024
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate Carbonic Acid Dental Cements ethylene dimethacrylate ethylmethacrylate Methylmethacrylate Phocidae Polymers
Not available on PMC !

Example 3

37 parts of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was placed in a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a thermostat, a stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a dropping funnel; and heated with stirring to maintain the reaction mixture at 110° C. A mixture of 10 parts of styrene, 35 parts of methyl methacrylate, 20 parts of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 5 parts of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 10 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 20 parts of methoxy polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate (molecular weight: about 2080), 1 part of azobisisobutyronitrile, and 5 parts of isobutyl alcohol was added dropwise thereto over 3 hours. After the completion of dropwise addition, the mixture was aged at 110° C. for 30 minutes. Subsequently, an additional catalyst mixture of 20 parts of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and 0.5 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile was added dropwise over 1 hour. After aging at 110° C. for 1 hour, the mixture was cooled, thereby obtaining an acrylic resin (R-3) solution with a solids content of 50%. The obtained resin had a weight average molecular weight of 20000.

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Patent 2024
2-butoxyethanol 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate Acrylic Resins azobis(isobutyronitrile) isobutyl alcohol Methacrylate Methylmethacrylate monomethoxypolyethylene glycol Parts, Body polyethylene glycol methacrylate Resins, Plant Styrene Thermometers

Example 2

35 parts of propylene glycol monopropyl ether was placed in a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a thermostat, a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a nitrogen inlet tube, and a dropping funnel; and heated to 85° C. A mixture of 32 parts of methyl methacrylate, 27.7 parts of n-butyl acrylate, 20 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 10 parts of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 3 parts of hydroxypropyl acrylate, 6.3 parts of acrylic acid, 1 part of 2-acryloyloxyethyl acid phosphate, 15 parts of propylene glycol monopropyl ether, and 2.3 parts of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) was added dropwise over 4 hours. After the completion of dropwise addition, the mixture was aged for 1 hour. Thereafter, a mixture of 10 parts of propylene glycol monopropyl ether and 1 part of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) was further added dropwise over 1 hour. After the completion of dropwise addition, the mixture was aged for 1 hour. 7.4 parts of diethanolamine was further added, thereby obtaining a hydroxy-containing acrylic resin (R-2) solution with a solids content of 55%. The obtained hydroxy-containing acrylic resin (R-2) had an acid value of 51 mg KOH/g and a hydroxy value of 52 mg KOH/g.

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Patent 2024
Acids acrylate Acrylic Resins diethanolamine Ethers Hypromellose Methylmethacrylate n-butyl acrylate Nitrogen Parts, Body Phosphates Propylene Glycol Thermometers
Not available on PMC !

Example 30

[Figure (not displayed)]

The typical protocol for the preparation of PNMEP28 macro-CTA is described below. NMEP (9.37 g, 47.4 mmol), CPDB RAFT agent (0.30 g, 1.36 mmol; target DP=35), ACVA (76.0 mg, 0.27 mmol; CPDB/ACVA molar ratio=5.0) and ethanol (14.59 g, 40% w/w solids) were weighed into a 50 mL round-bottom flask immersed in an ice bath and degassed with continuous stirring for 30 min. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 270 min in an oil bath set to 70° C., resulting in a monomer conversion of 90% as judged by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The polymerization was then quenched by exposing the hot reaction solution to air and cooling to 20° C. The crude polymer was precipitated into excess diethyl ether to remove residual monomer before freeze-drying in the minimum amount of water to afford a dry pink powder. The mean DP was calculated to be 28 by comparing the integrated aromatic protons arising from the CPDB RAFT agent. GPC analysis using chloroform eluent indicated an Mn of 5000 g mol−1 and Mw/Mn of 1.23 against a series of ten near-monodisperse poly(methyl methacrylate) calibration standards.

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Patent 2024
Bath Chloroform Ethanol Ethyl Ether Methylmethacrylate Molar Poly A Polymerization Polymers Powder Protons Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Top products related to «Methylmethacrylate»

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Methyl methacrylate is a colorless, volatile liquid used as a raw material in the production of various polymers and copolymers. It serves as a key component in the manufacture of acrylic-based materials, such as acrylic sheets, adhesives, and coatings.
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Calcein is a fluorescent dye used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a calcium indicator, allowing for the detection and measurement of calcium levels in biological samples.
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The SP1600 is a compact and versatile scanning electron microscope (SEM) designed for materials analysis and characterization. It provides high-resolution imaging and analytical capabilities in a user-friendly package.
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Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a clear, colorless liquid used as a raw material in the production of various polymers and resins. It is a key component in the manufacturing of acrylic plastics, coatings, and adhesives. MMA possesses a low viscosity and is miscible with a wide range of organic solvents.
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Methyl methacrylate is a colorless, flammable liquid used in the production of various polymers and copolymers. It serves as a monomer for the synthesis of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a widely used thermoplastic material.
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Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound commonly used as a lab reagent. It is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula C6H5COO)2. Benzoyl peroxide has oxidizing properties and is commonly used as a bleaching agent and disinfectant in various laboratory applications.

More about "Methylmethacrylate"

Methylmethacrylate, also known as methyl methacrylate (MMA), is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive odor.
It is a versatile compound used in the production of various polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) products, including acrylic glass, bone cement, and dental materials.
PMMA, the polymer formed from the polymerization of methylmethacrylate, has numerous industrial and medical applications.
Researchers studying methylmethacrylate and its related compounds, such as calcein and benzoyl peroxide, can utilize advanced tools like PubCompare.ai to identify the most reliable protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
PubCompare.ai is an AI-powered platform that compares research methods side-by-side, enabling researchers to identify the best approach and products for their methylmethacrylate studies.
This helps improve the reproducibility and accuracy of their work, ultimately enhancing the quality and efficiency of their research.
Researchers can also leverage other software solutions like OsteoMeasure, OsteoMeasure system, and OsteoMeasure Analysis System to aid in their methylmethacrylate-related studies, particularly in the field of bone and tissue analysis.
These tools provide advanced measurement and analysis capabilities, supporting researchers in their efforts to understand the properties and applications of methylmethacrylate and its derivatives.
By incorporating these insights and leveraging the latest technologies, researchers can maximize the impact and effectiveness of their methylmethacrylate studies, leading to advancements in various industries and medical fields.