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Plaster of Paris

Plaster of Paris is a versatile material commonly used in medical and industrial applications.
It is a white, powdery substance made by heating gypsum, a natural mineral, to high temperatures.
When mixed with water, Plaster of Paris forms a moldable paste that quickly hardens into a rigid, durable material.
This material has a wide range of uses, including the fabrication of casts for broken bones, the creation of decorative sculptures and architectural elements, and the production of various industrial products.
Plaster of Paris is known for its ease of use, affordability, and the ability to be easily shaped and molded into desired forms.
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Most cited protocols related to «Plaster of Paris»

Experimental colonies were composed of age matched, one-cycle old workers (44 and 34 days old for genotypes A and B, respectively; A colonies have slower cycles than B colonies on average) and 4-days old larvae in airtight Petri dishes (5cm in diameter, corresponding to ca. 25 ant body-lengths) with a plaster of Paris floor. All workers and larvae within an experiment—including replicate colonies of all group sizes—were clonally related and sourced from the same stock colony. All workers within an experiment were also harvested from the same cohort and had eclosed within a day of each other (due to the synchronized reproduction of O. biroi). From the time they were harvested (1–3 days post-eclosion) until the start of the experiment, workers were kept together in a box and allowed to go through a full colony cycle. Thus, all workers within an experiment experienced the same environment as larvae and adults. However, we cannot exclude that small differences in individual experience occurred even in this common environment before the start of the experiment. All workers were tagged with color marks on the thorax and gaster using oil-paint markers (uni® Paint Markers PX-20 and PX-21). Experimental colonies contained 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 16 workers and a matching number of larvae. This 1:1 larvae-to-workers ratio corresponds to the estimated ratio found in a typical (i.e., large, healthy) laboratory stock colony in the brood care phase. The experiment was conducted in two distinct genotypes, A and B15 (link). 7–9 replicate colonies were used for each group size and genotype, for a total of 112 colonies. O. biroi is myrmecophagous and colonies were fed live pupae of fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) minor workers. These prey items are small enough to be transported by a single O. biroi worker, so small colonies were not disproportionally penalized by the feeding regime.
The experiments took place in a climate room at 25˚C and 75% relative humidity under constant light (O. biroi is blind and its behavior is not affected by light). Every 3 days we cleaned and watered the plaster, added one prey item per live larva at a random location within the Petri dish, and recorded adult survival as well as brood survival and development under a stereomicroscope in all colonies (except for eggs, which cannot be counted without substantially disturbing the colony). The experiments ended when all larvae within an experiment had either developed into adult workers or died. Two colonies (size 6 and 16, genotype B) were excluded from all analyses due to setup errors (incorrect number of workers or larvae at the beginning of the experiment). Note that although we controlled the number of workers and larvae at the beginning of the experiment, these numbers then changed throughout the experiment as workers died and reproduced, and as the brood died or developed into adults.
Publication 2018
Adult Chest Climate DNA Replication Eggs Genotype Human Body Humidity Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Larva Light Plaster of Paris Pupa Reproduction Stomach Visually Impaired Persons Workers
The B. hermsii examined in this study originated from infected humans (n = 32), O. hermsi ticks (n = 4), and 1 chipmunk (Table 1). Isolates were established by first inoculating laboratory mice (Mus musculus) and then passing infected mouse blood into BSK-H medium with 12% rabbit serum (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) (4 (link)). Genomic DNA samples were prepared from pure cultures (7 (link)), and PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA, flaB, gyrB, and glpQ were completed as described (4 (link)). The IGS sequences were determined by PCR amplification with primers IGS-F and IGS-R (8 (link)) and an initial heating at 96°C for 3 min, followed by 35 cycles with denaturation at 96°C for 30 s, annealing at 55°C for 30 s, and extension at 72°C for 2 min. After the 35th cycle, an additional extension was done at 72°C for 7 min. DNA sequences of the amplicons were determined with primers IGS-F, IGS-R, Fn, and Rn (8 (link)).
Nucleotide sequences were analyzed with Sequencher 4.2 (Gene Codes Corp., Ann Arbor MI, USA). DNA sequences were first aligned with the CLUSTAL V program in the Lasergene software package (DNASTAR Inc., Madison, WI, USA). Alignments were transferred into the MacClade program (9 ) and corrected manually. MacClade output files were opened in PAUP (10 ), and maximum-likelihood neighbor-joining trees were created. Alignments were also created with the DNasp package of algorithms (www.ub.es/dnasp) to calculate mean nucleotide diversity (π) per aligned base. A full heuristic search with 1,000 bootstrap replicates was performed to test the robustness of clade designations.
All stages of colony-reared O. hermsi were fed on hand-held 14-day-old chickens (Gallus domesticus) or 10-day-old northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) acquired from commercial hatcheries. Ticks were also fed on 5- to 10-day-old mice that were unrestrained in plastic jars with plaster-of-paris bases and screened lids. Nonfeeding ticks were kept at 85% relative humidity, 20°–22°C, natural photoperiod (Hamilton, MT), and observed for development in their life cycle.
B. hermsii DAH and REN were tested first for infectivity in mice as described (4 (link)). Next, 0.1 mL of blood with ≈5 × 106 spirochetes from each mouse was injected intraperitoneally into four 4-day-old chickens. The inoculum of DAH-infected blood was split between intraperitoneal and subcutaneous sites in 1 bird. The 8 birds were monitored for spirochetemia for 7 days postinoculation by intravenous collection of blood from the wing’s brachial vein and darkfield microscopic examination (×400) of the wet, unstained blood. The Rocky Mountain Laboratories Animal Care and Use Committee approved the tick feeding and experimental inoculations (Protocol nos. 03–31 and 05–17).
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Publication 2007
Animals, Laboratory ARID1A protein, human Aves Base Sequence BLOOD Chickens Chipmunks Colinus DNA Sequence Genes Genome Homo sapiens Humidity Mice, House Mice, Laboratory Microscopy Nucleotides Oligonucleotide Primers Plaster of Paris Quail Rabbits RNA, Ribosomal, 16S Serum Spirochetes Ticks Trees Vaccination Veins

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Publication 2017
Bones Cadaver Diaphyses Filtration Homo sapiens Human Body Iron Lucite Medical Devices Plaster of Paris Radiography Radioisotopes Silicon Silver Skin Tibia Tissues
To determine the compressive strength of the marble clay bricks, a compression test was performed according to the ASTM C67/C67M standard [48 (link)] by using a universal testing machine, as illustrated in Figure 6. Prior to the compression test, the unevenness of the bricks’ surfaces was removed in order to make the surfaces smooth and parallel. All the specimens were submerged in water at room temperature for 24 h. The specimens were then removed, and any surplus moisture was drained out. The frog and all the voids in the bed face were filled with plaster of Paris (1:2) and left to dry for the next 48 h. At the time of testing, the dimensions of each specimen were measured using a scale. The specimens were placed with their flat faces in a horizontal position, with the mortar filled face facing upwards, carefully positioned between the plates of the testing machine. The load was applied axially at a uniform rate of 14 N/mm2 per minute until failure occurred. A total of 3 specimens were tested for each proportion group, and the average of the obtained results was taken as the final compressive strength. The compression test was performed in a laboratory at a temperature of 26 ± 1 °C and a humidity of 48 ± 2%.
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Publication 2021
Clay Face Humidity Marble Plaster of Paris Rana Urination
Springtail critical thermal limits were determined using a double-jacketed aluminium
stage connected to a Grant R150 programmable water bath (Grant Instruments Ltd, Cambridge,
UK), into which a plastic vial with a damp plaster-of-Paris substrate was fitted.
Collembola are highly susceptible to desiccation (Hopkin, 1997 ), but the plaster-of-Paris substrate provides a humid environment,
negating the potentially confounding effects of desiccation on experimental outcomes (for
discussion, see Rezende et al.,
2011
). The temperature was monitored on the surface of the plaster using a
40-gauge Type T (copper–constantan) thermocouple attached to a digital thermometer (CHY
507; Thermometer, Taiwan).
The critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and minimum (CTmin) were determined based on the
methods of Chown et al.
(2009)
for groups of 10 individuals at a time. More specifically, CTmax was
defined as the temperature at which Collembola were incapable of righting themselves. This
response was observed while the Collembola lay prone on their side and was typically
accompanied by muscular spasms in the legs and extension of the furcula. The CTmin was
defined as the temperature at which Collembola were unable to right themselves even when
lightly prodded with a fine paintbrush. The loss of righting response is a standard
indicator of CTmin and marks the limits of organism functioning in low-temperature
conditions, probably associated with impairment of the central nervous system (Hazell and Bale, 2011 (link)). This threshold differs
from the end of spontaneous movement (e.g. Everatt
et al., 2013
) and lower lethal limits and supercooling points
(e.g. Worland and Convey, 2001 ).
Four ramping rates were used for CTmax (0.5, 0.25, 0.15 and 0.05°C/min) and three for
CTmin (0.25, 0.15 and 0.05°C/min), with a starting temperature that matched the colony
temperature of the Collembola species being tested and a holding time of 10 min before the
ramping commenced. Three replicates of 10 individuals each were undertaken for each
treatment, although a few individuals escaped in several of the trials.
For each Collembola species, generalized linear models (Gaussian distribution, identity
link function) were used to examine the effects of the rate of temperature change and
acclimation on critical thermal limits. Differences between mean CTmax and CTmin measured
at the different rates of temperature change were tested for significance using the glht
function from R package ‘multcomp’ (Hothorn
et al., 2008
) and the Tukey method. We used linear
mixed-effects models fitted by maximum likelihood (ML) estimation [R package lme4 (Bates et al., 2015 ) and lmertest
(Kuznetsova et al., 2015 )]
to examine the effects of, and interactions among, rate of temperature change, acclimation
treatment and latitude group (i.e. sub-tropical, temperate and polar) on critical thermal
limits (fixed effects), across all the Collembola species. Taxonomic identity (family,
genera and species) was incorporated as random nested effects to account for phylogenetic
relatedness (see e.g. Allgeier et
al
., 2015
). This approach was preferred to phylogenetic generalized
least-squares methods owing to the number of repeated data within species (several rates
and acclimations per species) relative to the total number of species
(n = 6; Garland et
al
., 2005
). Generalized least-squares linear models (R package nlme;
Pinheiro et al., 2016 )
were used to test whether a model without the random predictor had a better fit than the
linear mixed-effects model (following Zuur
et al., 2009
). Best-fit models were selected using the Akaike
information criterion (AIC) using ΔAIC (Burnham and
Anderson, 2001
). Model validation was carried out using standard approaches (see
Supplementary Figs S1–S3). If
the final models included random effects, these were fitted and presented using restricted
maximum likelihood estimation. The overall effect of rate, acclimation and latitude group
in the linear mixed-effects models was tested using the anova function in lme4.
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Publication 2016
Acclimatization Alarmins Bath Central Nervous System Copper Desiccation Figs Fingers Leg Movement neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Plaster of Paris Reflex, Righting Spasm Thermometers

Most recents protocols related to «Plaster of Paris»

Full-thickness tenotomy of SDFT without treatment (Control group).
SDFT was exposed through a linear skin incision at the lateral aspect of the mid-metacarpal region. The edges of the surgical wound were grasped using Allis forceps. The paratenon was dissected with scissors to identify the SDFT. Full-thickness tenotomy was performed using a scalpel. The two ends of SDFT were sutured with a double locking loop suture pattern according to Easley et al.23 (link) using No. 2-0 nylon suture material (Ethicon/India). The paratenon was closed using a simple interrupted suture pattern and 3-0 polyglactin 910 (Egysorb; Taisier-Med). The subcutaneous tissue was sutured continuously using 3-0 Egysorb. The skin was closed in a simple interrupted pattern using braided silk no. 0 (Ethicon/India). The operated limb was kept in a cast using a combination of a splint and plaster of Paris bandage from the hoof to above the carpal joint for 1, 2, and 3 months in subgroups 1, 2, and 3 respectively.
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Publication 2023
Bandage CD3EAP protein, human Forceps Hoof Joint, Carpal Metacarpus Nylons Plaster of Paris Polyglactin 910 Silk Skin Splints Subcutaneous Tissue Surgical Wound Tenotomy
Hollow spherical bulbs were slip cast as a single piece in a two-piece mold joined at the equator using techniques commonly employed in the pottery industry for making complex shapes. Precision molds were fabricated from a special plaster of Paris called “Perfect Cast”. The molds were made from mold master forms machined from Delrin plastic and polished. The diameter of the stem in the upper mold master is the only critical dimension. The stem was slightly tapered from 0.255″ at the base to 0.250″ at the tip to permit the mold master form to release from the plaster and also for ease of removal of the slip-cast parts from the mold. Closed-end tubes 1.25 cm in diameter and 9 cm long were fabricated in a similar fashion.
Figure 2 summarizes the steps of the slip-casting process for the bulb preparation described in Section 2.1 and Section 2.2.
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Publication 2023
delrin Fungus, Filamentous Plant Bulb Plaster of Paris Stem, Plant
Queenright Strumigenys colonies were collected from the field in various sites in Taiwan (locality information in Table 1 and Table 2). They were transferred to artificial nests in the laboratory that consisted of a round plastic tray with a diameter of 21.5 cm and a floor cover made of plaster of Paris to provide moisture. The colonies were reared under a 12:12 (L:D) photoperiod at 24 ± 2 °C in an incubation room. Springtails (Cyphoderus albinus) were provided as food ad libitum while a glass tube with water and cotton was provided to keep sufficient humidity. The trays were covered with a plastic lid to prevent escape by the ants and the springtails. We assured that alate queens (F1 generation) were virgin by raising them in the strict absence of males in the source colonies (F0 generation). Experimental colonies were created, each consisting of 1 alate queen (F1 queen) and 15 nestmate workers. Colony development (Table 1) was recorded twice a week during an experimental period of 28 weeks to monitor whether virgin queens can lay eggs that thelytokously develop into workers and/or queens (for S. membranifera, the total experimental period was 202 weeks). The virgin condition of all alate queens was verified by dissecting them at the end of the experimental period, which confirmed that their spermatheca was empty. To obtain additional evidence of whether mated queens occur, we dissected field-collected dealate queens for examination of their ovaries and spermatheca contents (Table 2).
Histological and ultrastructural examination was performed on queens of the thelytokous S. emmae, S. liukueiensis, S. rogeri and S. solifontis, as well as on the non-thelytokous S. lacunosa (Lugu Township, Nantou County, Taiwan), S. nanzanensis (Lanyu Township, Taitung County, Taiwan), S. sauteri (Lugu Township, Nantou County, Taiwan) and S. sydorata (Bogor, Indonesia) for comparison. The posterior part of the gaster was cut off and fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde (Agar Scientific, Stansted, UK) buffered with 50 mM Na-cacodylate (Agar Scientific, Stansted, UK) and 150 mM saccharose (pH 7.3). Postfixation was carried out in 2% osmium tetroxide (Agar Scientific, Stansted, UK) in the same buffer and was followed by dehydration in a graded acetone series and embedding in Araldite (Polysciences, Warrington, PA, USA and Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Longitudinal serial semithin sections of 1 µm thickness were made with a Leica EM UC6 ultramicrotome (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). They were stained with methylene blue and thionin (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and examined with an Olympus BX-51 microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Thin sections of 70 nm were double-stained with lead citrate (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and uranyl acetate (Polysciences, Warrington, PA, USA) and were examined with a Zeiss EM900 electron microscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
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Publication 2023
Acetone Agar Ants araldite Buffers Cacodylate Citrate Dehydration Eggs Electron Microscopy Food Glutaral Gossypium Humidity Males Microscopy Microtomy Osmium Tetroxide Ovary Plaster of Paris Stomach Sucrose Thionins Ultramicrotomy uranyl acetate Workers
Stock colonies of clonal line B O. biroi ants, a lineage originally collected in Jolly Hill, St. Croix (Kronauer et al. 2012 (link)), were maintained in the laboratory at 25 °C in Tupperware containers with a plaster of Paris floor. O. biroi colonies are phasic and alternate between reproductive and brood care phases. As described previously (Trible et al. 2017 (link)), during the brood care phase, stock colonies were fed with frozen Solenopsis invicta brood. For each round of experiments, 12–15 colonies of mixed age ants were established without brood from a single stock colony while the ants were in brood care phase.
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Publication 2023
Ants Clone Cells Freezing Plaster of Paris Reproduction
Behavior experiments were conducted in arenas constructed from cast acrylic with a plaster of Paris floor. Each arena was made of four layers; the base layer, a layer of plaster of Paris, a layer with two cut out areas separated by a tunnel, and a top layer of clear acrylic with lids. The arenas were 7 cm × 2 cm in total, with a 2 cm × 0.3 cm tunnel separating two 2.5 cm × 2 cm areas (Fig. S1). Each area contained a 0.5 cm × 2 cm “stimulus chamber” separated from a 2 cm × 2 cm “nest chamber” by a cast acrylic mesh wall. The wall was laser cut from 0.8 mm thick cast acrylic with multiple holes with a diameter of ~ 50 µm, as described previously (Chandra et al. 2021 (link)). The clear acrylic lids of the nest and stimulus chambers were separate, allowing the experimenter to open the stimulus chamber without opening the nest chamber, thereby decreasing the likelihood of alarming the ants due to increased airflow. The floor of the tunnel was covered with vapor-permeable Tyvek paper to dissuade ants from forming their nest in the tunnel, as described previously (Chandra et al. 2021 (link)).
In each arena, 30 ants were introduced without any brood. For the live ant and crushed body experiments (see below), 30 additional ants from the same stock colony were kept in a separate Petri dish with a plaster of Paris floor. These ants were used as the stimulus during experiments. Ants were fed every 1–2 days with S. invicta brood and allowed to lay eggs. About 7–10 days after introducing ants into the arenas, once ants had settled, laid eggs, and clustered into a tightly packed pile (the “nest”) in one of the two nest chambers (Fig. S1), we began behavioral experiments.
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Publication 2023
Ants CD3EAP protein, human Eggs Hemorrhoids Human Body Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Permeability Plaster of Paris tyvek

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More about "Plaster of Paris"

Gypsum Plaster, a Versatile Material with Diverse Applications: Enhancing Your Research Gypsum plaster, commonly known as Plaster of Paris, is a remarkable material with a wide range of applications in both medical and industrial settings.
This white, powdery substance is derived from the natural mineral gypsum, which is heated to high temperatures to produce a malleable paste when mixed with water.
The versatility of gypsum plaster is unparalleled.
It can be used to fabricate casts for broken bones, create decorative sculptures and architectural elements, and even manufacture various industrial products.
Its ease of use, affordability, and the ability to be easily shaped and molded into desired forms make it a popular choice among researchers, medical professionals, and industry experts alike.
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These powerful resources can help you locate relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and provide a comprehensive comparison feature to identify the best procedures and products.
This can significantly improve the reproducibility and accuracy of your Plaster of Paris research, leading to more reliable and impactful findings.
Explore the diverse applications of this remarkable material, from its use in medical treatments to its role in industrial manufacturing.
Enhance your understanding and expand your knowledge with the help of PubCompare.ai's innovative solutions, empowering you to achieve greater success in your Plaster of Paris research endeavors.
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