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Plastic, carbon fiber reinforced

Plastic, carbon fiber reinforced: A composite material consisting of a plastic matrix reinforced with carbon fibers.
These materials offer enhanced strength, stiffness, and durability compared to traditional plastics, making them widely used in aerospace, automotive, and industrial applications.
The carbon fibers provide the load-bearing capacity, while the plastic matrix transfers and distributes the loads.
This unique combination of properties has led to the increased adoption of carbon fiber reinforced plastics across various industries.
Discover how PubCompare.ai can help you optimize your research protocols for these advanced materials, ensuring reproducibility and identifying the most effective approahces with just a few clicks.

Most cited protocols related to «Plastic, carbon fiber reinforced»

1
Magnetic Tweezers Setup and Calibration
The fifth step is to integrate the DNA-loaded sample cell and surface-functionalized glass pipette into the horizontal magnetic tweezers. The sample cell is mounted onto a 3D-printed sample cell holder made from a carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). The sample cell holder is attached to a linear motorized stage system (X-MCB1, AB103B, XJOY3, Zaber, Vancouver, BC, Canada) which allows the sample cell to be moved in three axes. The motorized micromanipulator is controlled by a custom LabVIEW program (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) running on a Windows PC. The functionalized glass pipette is clamped into a custom-designed, two-piece, aluminum glass pipette holder; the holder is attached to a hydraulic, three-axis micromanipulator (MX630L S3432, Siskiyou Corporation, Grants Pass, OR, USA).
Next, after the clamped pipette is brought into focus, we carry out the following procedure to measure the distance between the magnet and the glass pipette: (i) using the motorized micromanipulator we bring the magnet to the pipette so that the face of the magnet touches the glass pipette; (ii) the magnet is moved parallel to the pipette so that the edge of the pipette is at the edge of the magnet; (iii) the controller for the motorized micromanipulator is zeroed, thus defining this point as the origin; (iv) the magnet is moved upward with respect to the pipette until the pipette rests on the floor of the sample cell and at bottom of the edge of the magnet; (v) repeat step (iii) above; (vi) the magnet is moved downward with respect to the pipette roughly 500 µm; (vii) repeat step (iii) above; (viii) the magnet is moved parallel to the pipette to position the edge of the pipette at the geometrical center of the rectangular magnet face, roughly 1000 mm from the magnet edge; (ix) repeat step (iii) above. At this point, the pipette reference point is at the geometrical center of the rectangular magnet face. Both syringe pumps connected to the inlet and the outlet, respectively, are activated to allow exchange of the buffer with fresh buffer.
The motorized stage system and the hydraulic micromanipulator are built around a Nikon Diaphot TMD inverted light microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) with a 40×, 0.65 NA, bright-field objective (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Imaging is performed using a Point Grey Grasshopper3 camera (GS3-U3-23S6M-C) with a frame rate of 120 Hz. A zoom lens (Edmund Optics, Barrington, NJ, USA) is also placed between the camera and the microscope objective. See the Supplementary Materials section for additional details about the design of the tweezers.
Fabian R J.r., Tyson C., Tuma P.L., Pegg I, & Sarkar A. (2018). A Horizontal Magnetic Tweezers and Its Use for Studying Single DNA Molecules. Micromachines, 9(4), 188.
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Publication 2018
Aluminum austin Buffers Cells Epistropheus Eye Face Lens, Crystalline Light Microscopy Microscopy plastic, carbon fiber reinforced Reading Frames Reproduction REST protein, human Syringes Touch
2
Continuous Carbon Fiber Winding and Curing
The continuous carbon fiber completely soaked in the winding resin was wound to the stainless-steel mold under a tension of 35–40 N using winding machine (type 4FW500 × 4000, Harbin composite material equipment development Co., Ltd., Harbin, China). The winding speed was 30 r/min and the resin temperature in the glue storage tank was 25–30 °C, as shown in Figure 2. After winding, the product was put into the rotary curing furnace, and the curing steps were identical to that of the casting bodies. Lastly, NOL rings (The ring specimen was first used by the Naval Ordnance Laboratory, so it is often called NOL ring) and interlaminar shear specimens were prepared according to GB/T 1458-2008 “test methods for mechanical properties of fiber wound reinforced plastic annular specimens”, and the fiber volume fraction was 57.5%.
Di C., Yu J., Wang B., Lau A.K., Zhu B, & Qiao K. (2019). Study of Hybrid Nanoparticles Modified Epoxy Resin Used in Filament Winding Composite. Materials, 12(23), 3853.
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Publication 2019
Carbon Fiber CD3EAP protein, human Fibrosis Fungus, Filamentous Human Body Resins, Plant Stainless Steel Wounds
3
Additive Manufacturing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nylon
All the specimens used within this study were produced on a Markforged Mark Two® equipment with standard parameters from carbon fiber-reinforced tough nylon, commercially known as MarkForged Onyx. The maximum size of the print volume of this printer was 320 × 132 × 154 mm. The Onyx material is tough nylon pre-impregnated with chopped microcarbon fibers in the filament form, combining the toughness of nylon with the thermal properties of carbon [25 (link),26 ]. Various infill strategies can be used with FFF as depicted in Figure 1 [26 ,27 ]. For 100% dense parts, a rectangular infill is generally preferred, and the deposition orientation is varied from layer to layer, whereas for lower densities, honeycomb or triangular infills can be used for weight reduction. This is probably due to the fact that a rectangular pattern allows an infill density of 100% because it does not self-intersect inside the layer [28 ]. The nozzles used in Mark Two® are shown in Figure 2. One of the nozzles is used to print plastic or Onyx fiber whereas the other is used for continuous fiber replacement [29 ]. The fiber nozzle is different from usual filament extrusion heads due to its cutting mechanism for cutting the fiber.
Firstly, the benchmark specimens were built to test the capability of dimensional accuracy and producing proper geometrical features. In order to understand the minimum wall thickness achievable with FFF of Onyx material, as well as other geometrical limitations, a benchmark geometry, which is well known in the AM of metals, was used as shown in Figure 3a [30 ]. There were many features on this benchmark ranging from sharp corners to thin bosses, holes, inclined surfaces, etc. It was manufactured with a 50% triangular infill strategy for maximum dimensional/geometrical accuracy as shown in Figure 3b. On the second benchmark (see Figure 4), walls with thicknesses of 0.3–3.0 mm were produced with a height and width of 12 mm and 100 mm, respectively. Moreover, the stair effect was studied on inclined walls with different inclination angles (5–35 degrees).
Tensile specimens were manufactured from Onyx and tough nylon material in addition to continuous carbon-fiber-reinforced nylon. A total of 30 specimens were produced under six different configurations as shown in Table 1. The first specimens (E_Nylon_R_100_XY) were built as lying specimens from tough nylon only without any reinforcement at 100% density. Moreover, specimens were built in two directions, either lying (XY plane) (A_Onyx_R_100_XY) or standing on their long side (XZ plane) (B_Onyx_R_100_XZ). The other build direction could not be tested due to the maximum build volume of the equipment. The fabricated specimens on the print bed are shown in Figure 5. The use of a brim, the surrounding peripheral deposition around the specimens, was necessary as an anchor of print bed, which is especially critical for parts tending to warp. Brims were used in producing tensile specimens to increase the area of the first layers as a precaution to deformation. In addition to the build direction, the density effect was also tested at 75% (C_Onyx_T_75_XY) and 50% (D_Onyx_T_50_XY) infill density values with lying specimens. Lastly, lying tough nylon specimens (F_Nylon_CF_R_100_XY) were produced by concentric reinforcement of continuous carbon fiber.
During tensile testing, the EN ISO 527-4 standard entitled “Determination of tensile properties of plastics Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fiber-reinforced plastic composites” was used. The tensile test equipment was a universal Zwick-Roell equipment with a loading capacity of 250 kN. After the tensile testing was complete, the broken specimens were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. For the hardness testing, a hardness tester from Bareiss Digi Test was used to measure Shore D hardness as per the TS EN ISO 868 standard with a contact pressure force of 5100 g.
Yasa E, & Ersoy K. (2019). Dimensional Accuracy and Mechanical Properties of Chopped Carbon Reinforced Polymers Produced by Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing. Materials, 12(23), 3885.
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Publication 2019
4
3D Printed Electron Cutout Protocol
The 3D printed cutout consisted of five components: the rigid plastic cutout, a copper frame, a flexible lid, a soft protective case, and tungsten ball bearings (BBs; Figure 2).
The design took this form to enable it to withstand a drop from 1 m height onto a hard floor without a catastrophic release of BBs into the room. For speed and ease of printing, the cutout was 3D printed using tough PLA plastic, this is the only nonreusable, patient‐specific component. The frame was computer numerical control (CNC) machined from brass or copper (8.5–9.0 g/cm3). The purpose of the frame is to provide shielding of the field edges even when the cutout is slightly underfilled and the gantry is rotated from zero. The lid is printed from carbon fiber reinforced nylon and provides protection to the corners of the cutout component in the event it is dropped. The final part is the protective case, which is 3D printed from a flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) plastic.
All the template parts were designed in Fusion 360 (Autodesk, San Rafael, CA, USA). Template cutouts were created, which fit the 6 cm × 6 cm and 10 cm × 10 cm electron cones of Varian linacs. Electron apertures were then designed in the Eclipse treatment planning system (Varian Medical Systems) as they would be for any CT‐based treatment plan. The dimensions of the electron aperture was exported from Eclipse and imported into Tinkercad to produce the .stl file of the electron cutout to be printed. The .stl file was exported to Cura (Ultimaker B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands) for processing prior to transfer to an Ultimaker S5 (Ultimaker B.V.) 3D printer for printing.
After printing, the 3D printed cutout was filled with tungsten BBs with diameters between 1.5 and 2 mm. To reduce air gaps, the cutout was rotated and shaken during the filling process. The separate components of the 3D printed cutout were then assembled. Underfilling is also investigated and discussed in Sections 3.2.1 and 4.2. The 10 cm × 10 cm electron cutout aperture was a 7 cm diameter circle, whereas the 6 cm × 6 cm electron cutout aperture was a 5 cm diameter circle.
Breitkreutz D.Y., Skinner L., Lo S, & Yu A. (2021). Nontoxic electron collimators. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, 22(10), 73-81.
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Publication 2021
brass Carbon Fiber Copper Electrons Muscle Rigidity Nylons Patients Polyurethanes Reading Frames Retinal Cone Tungsten
5
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Surface Roughness
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

A conventional material lay-up referred to as a panel having carbon fiber present at a rate of 30 percent by volume of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic material.

A vinyl ester resin without any fillers was prepared according to the following table.

Trade nameComponent% (by resin volume)
Atlac XP810XVinyl Ester Resin92.5
Palapreg H 2681-01Low profile additive7.5

The Palapreg H 2681-01 contained fractions of styrene, wetting additives, processing additives, LDPE, peroxide, and MgO.

The panel was coated with the vinyl ester resin and was subsequently compression molded at a temperature of 150 degrees at 12 MPa for 20 seconds, with a decrease in pressure to 4.8 MPa for 80 seconds. The mold was then opened, the panel de-molded and allowed to cool.

The produced panel was then measured with a Mitutoyo SV-3000CNC profilometer device to determine surface roughness of the top surface, with filter cutoff levels of the profilometer device set at two different values for two separate measurements, the cutoff levels being 0.8 mm and then at 2.5 mm and the results recorded. See Table 2.

Example 2

In this example, the panel was initially prepared as was done for comparative example 1. That is, A conventional material lay-up referred to as a panel having carbon fiber present at a rate of 30 percent by volume of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic material.

Following this preparation, a vinyl resin was prepared similarly to the comparative example, but inducing 16 percent by volume of CaCO3 as a filler (CLTE: 10×10−6/C°, Particle size (D50): 3 um)

The panel was compression molded at a temperature of 150 degrees at 12 MPa for 20 seconds, with a decrease in pressure to 4.8 MPa for 80 seconds. The mold was then opened, the panel de-molded and allowed to cool.

The produced panel was then measured with a Mitutoyo SV-3000CNC profilometer device to determine surface roughness of the top surface, with filter cutoff levels of the profilometer device set at two different values for two separate measurements, the cutoff levels being 0.8 mm and then at 2.5 mm, and the results recorded. See Table 2.

Roughness values were improved over the comparative example, but were not better than steel.

Example 3

In this example, the panel was again prepared as was done for comparative example 1. That is, A conventional material lay-up referred to as a panel having carbon fiber present at a rate of 30 percent by volume of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic material.

Following this preparation, a vinyl resin was prepared similarly to the comparative example, but including 16 percent by volume of a low CLTE filler, in this example, feldspar. (CLTE: 4.2×10−6/C°, Particle size (D50): 3 um)

The panel was coated with the vinyl ester resin and was subsequently compression molded at a temperature of 150 degrees at 12 MPa for 20 seconds, with a decrease in pressure to 4.8 MPa for 80 seconds. The mold was then opened, the panel de-molded and allowed to cool.

The produced panel was then measured with a Mitutoyo SV-3000CNC profilometer device to determine surface roughness of the top surface, with filter cutoff levels of the profilometer device set at two different values for two separate measurements, the cutoff levels being 0.8 mm and then at 2.5 mm, and the results recorded. See Table 2.

Roughness values were improved over the comparative example, and at cut off value Lc of 0.8 mm, was able to meet that of steel, but the longer cut off value Lc of 2.5 mm could not.

Example 4

In this example, the panel was again prepared as was done for comparative example 1. That is, A conventional material lay-up referred to as a panel having carbon fiber present at a rate of 30 percent by volume of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic material.

Following this preparation, a vinyl resin was prepared similarly to the comparative example, but including 16 percent by volume of a low CLTE filler, in this example, fused silica having a Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of 0.5, particle size 4 um.

The panel was coated with the vinyl ester resin and was subsequently compression molded at a temperature of 150 degrees at 12 MPa for 20 seconds, with a decrease in pressure to 4.8 MPa for 80 seconds. The mold was then opened, the panel de-molded and allowed to cool.

The produced panel was then measured with a Mitutoyo SV-3000CNC profilometer device to determine surface roughness of the top surface, with filter cutoff levels of the profilometer device set at two different values for two separate measurements, the cutoff levels being 0.8 mm and then at 2.5 mm, and the results recorded. See Table 2.

Roughness values were similar to Example 3 for both cut off values Lc of 0.8 mm and 2.5 mm. However, the molded panel was substantially lighter weight.

Example 5

In this example, the panel was again prepared as was done for comparative example 1. That is, A conventional material lay-up referred to as a panel having carbon fiber present at a rate of 30 percent by volume of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic material.

Following this preparation, a vinyl resin was prepared similarly to the comparative example, but including 21 percent by volume of a low CLTE filler, in this example, fused silica.

The panel was coated with the vinyl ester resin and was subsequently compression molded at a temperature of 150 degrees at 12 MPa for 20 seconds, with an increase in pressure to 20 MPa for 80 seconds.

The molding tool was then left at ambient conditions without further application of heat, but with the pressure maintained at 20 MPa. This was done until the temperature of the molding tool reached 50 degrees C. The mold was then opened, the panel de-molded and allowed to further cool.

The produced panel was then measured with a Mitutoyo SV-3000CNC profilometer device to determine surface roughness of the top surface, with filter cutoff levels of the profilometer device set at two different values for two separate measurements, the cutoff levels being 0.8 mm and then at 2.5 mm, and the results recorded. See Table 2.

Roughness values were for this example for both cut off values Lc of 0.8 mm and 2.5 mm were able to reach and even exceed those of steel.

In this example, the panel was again prepared as was done for comparative example 1. That is, a conventional material lay-up referred to as a panel having carbon fiber present at a rate of 30 percent by volume of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic material.

Following this preparation, a vinyl resin was prepared similarly to the comparative example, but including 21 percent by volume of a low CLTE filler, in this example, fused silica.

The panel was coated with the vinyl ester resin and was subsequently compression molded at a temperature of 150 degrees at 12 MPa for 20 seconds, with an increase in pressure to 20 MPa for 80 seconds.

The mold was then opened, the panel de-molded and allowed to cool.

Table 2 shows the results of the six examples as well as reference information for a steel panel.

TABLE 2
Surface Roughness Ra
Filler % 0.160.16
Ref. SteelResinby VolLc = 0.8 mmLc = 2.5 mm
Comp. Ex.Vinyl EsterN/A0.250.54
No Filler
Ex. 2Vinyl Ester160.200.38
CaCO3
Ex. 3Vinyl Ester160.120.25
Feldspar
Ex. 4Vinyl Ester160.120.25
Fused Silica
Ex. 5′Vinyl Ester210.150.23
Fused Silica
Ex. 5Vinyl Ester210.110.15
Fused Silica

Although the present disclosure herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments and examples, it is to be understood that these embodiments and examples are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present disclosure.

Throughout the description, including the claims, the term “comprising a” should be understood as being synonymous with “comprising at least one” unless otherwise stated. In addition, any range set forth in the description, including the claims should be understood as including its end value(s) unless otherwise stated. Specific values for described elements should be understood to be within accepted manufacturing or industry tolerances known to one of skill in the art, and any use of the terms “substantially” and/or “approximately” and/or “generally” should be understood to mean falling within such accepted tolerances.

Where any standards of national, international, or other standards body are referenced (e.g., ISO, etc.), such references are intended to refer to the standard as defined by the national or international standards body as of the priority date of the present specification. Any subsequent substantive changes to such standards are not intended to modify the scope and/or definitions of the present disclosure and/or claims.

Additionally, even though some features, concepts or aspects of the inventions may be described herein as being a preferred arrangement, selection, or method, such description is not intended to suggest that such feature is required or necessary unless expressly so stated.

It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

US10961361B2. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic material having high smoothness (2021-03-30). TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE [BE]. Inventors: Julien Tachon [BE].
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Patent 2021

Most recents protocols related to «Plastic, carbon fiber reinforced»

1
Prosthetic Hand Simulator Design
For comparison purposes, a prosthetic simulator was designed for both the novel wireless electric prosthetic hand and a conventional myoelectric hand (Myobock system with System Electric Hand DMC Plus, Ottobock, Duderstadt, Germany) (Figure 5). The simulators’ bodies were constructed from fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), which was created by embedding resin into laminated layers of nylon and cotton fibers and then reinforced with carbon fiber around the wrist component. Each simulator was affixed to the right forearms of the participants, and triggers for the hands were positioned on the left side of both arms. The OH was equipped with myoelectric sensors for finger flexion on the left elbow flexor and for finger extension on the left elbow extensor. Conversely, the NW featured a wireless button sensor placed on the left trunk side (Figure 6). Additionally, finger stalls were affixed to the digits of both hands.
This hand simulator for our novel hand system was created using the Ottobock wrist parts (10V39 and 10A30); these are common prosthetic wrist parts that can flex the wrist and rotate the forearm. Our novel hand was designed to be compatible with existing cosmetic hands (Figure 7). Our hand weighed approximately 375 g (with the simulator), which is approximately 100 g lighter than OH (the weight, including that of the simulator, is 470 g).
Shimizu Y., Mori T., Yoshikawa K., Katane D., Torishima H., Hara Y., Yozu A., Yamazaki M., Hada Y, & Mutsuzaki H. (2024). Developing a Novel Prosthetic Hand with Wireless Wearable Sensor Technology Based on User Perspectives: A Pilot Study. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 24(9), 2765.
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Publication 2024
2
Prepreg Coating for Propeller Optimization
Prepreg fabrics were coated on a short carbon fiber-reinforced HDPE propeller manually to reduce deflections, especially in the propeller blades’ tips, and also to make the entire propeller structure less flexible in order to improve the propeller’s performance. Prepreg pieces were cut according to the propeller geometry with fiber scissors, and then the blades were coated with the cut prepregs. Thermocouples were placed on each of the blades covered with prepreg to monitor the temperature change. All blades are wrapped with shrink tape to create a vacuum effect. When the heat was applied to the shrink tape, the tape shrank in volume and put pressure on the surface. Prepreg-coated blades were heated to 70 °C, which is the waiting temperature, at a heating rate of 1 °C × min−1 in an NKD240 oven of the Nükleon brand (Ankara, Türkiye). Afterwards, these blades were kept at 70 °C for 30 min, and then the temperature increased to 120 °C at a rate of 1 °C × min−1, and the blades were kept for 45 min. Then, after curing was completed, the part was cooled at a rate of 1 °C × min−1. The coating laminate was then left to cure at 80 °C. After the propeller blades were coated, the blades and the hub were heated and welded. Then, the junction corners were filled with plastic welding and sanded, as seen in Figure 2.
Temperature changes during the curing process of the prepreg coating are presented in Figure 3.
Neşer G., Sözen A., Doğru A., Liu P., Altunsaray E., Halilbeşe A.N, & Türkmen S. (2024). Improving the Flexibility of Ship Propellers Additively Manufactured from High-Density Polyethylene/Long Carbon Fiber Composites by Prepreg Coating. Polymers, 16(9), 1257.
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Publication 2024
3
Autonomous Exoskeleton for Biomechanics Research
An autonomous exoskeleton (e-Walk V1) developed for research was used in this study (Figure 4A). The exoskeleton attaches to the wearer’s waist and thighs using orthotic attachments made of flexible plastic lined with fabric. Two brushless DC motors mounted on the waist attachment actuate the hip joints in the sagittal plane. The motors have a 6:1 planetary reducer, providing nominal and peak torques of 13 and 35 N ⋅ m at the output, respectively. The efficient and low-ratio planetary reducers ensure the backdrivability of the motors, with an RMS back-driving torque of less than 0.6 N ⋅ m in cyclic movements with frequencies of up to 2 Hz. The motors are connected to the thigh attachments by thin rectangular segments made of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer that are flexible around the sagittal axis. This flexibility facilitates passive freedom of the abduction/adduction movements in the small range required for normal walking. The exoskeleton is equipped with absolute joint angle encoders, motor current sensors, and an IMU (MPU-6050, InvenSense, United States) mounted near the lower-back of the wearer. Additionally, insole FSRs (8-cell Smart Foot Sensor, IEE, Luxembourg) with a minimum measurable force of 0.9 N are used to measure foot contact information. The exoskeleton lacks direct torque/force sensing, therefore the motor currents are used to estimate the applied torques, based on a linear relationship identified in bench-top calibration tests. The torque commands of the controllers were thus converted to current commands sent to the motor drivers running a closed-loop current control at 32 kHz. The commanded and measured torques have a resolution of 25 mN ⋅ m. The controller software runs on an embedded computer (BeagleBone Black, BeagleBoard.org Foundation, United States) at a frequency of 500 Hz. The exoskeleton is powered with lithium-polymer batteries, and the total weight of the device is 5 kg.
Manzoori A.R., Malatesta D., Primavesi J., Ijspeert A, & Bouri M. (2024). Evaluation of controllers for augmentative hip exoskeletons and their effects on metabolic cost of walking: explicit versus implicit synchronization. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 12, 1324587.
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Publication 2024
4
CCFRP Additive Manufacturing Modeling
CCFRP filament deforms and flows under thermal coupling during the additive manufacturing process. It can be treated as an extrusion flow of resin between parallel plates if the permeability of the resin between the carbon fibers is ignored. Assuming that the resin is a Newtonian fluid [27 ], squeezing the flow between parallel plates does not change the volume of the resin. The formula is: V=A(0)·H(0)=A(t)·H(t)
As shown in the Figure 5, V is the volume of resin, A0 and H0 are the initial contact area and height before squeezed, and At and Ht are the area and height at a certain moment.
The combination of the power-law fluid proposed by Scott [28 (link)] and the theoretical model proposed by Leider [29 (link)] et al. leads to an equation for the squeezed flow between parallel plates, which is similar to the automated fiber placement manufacturing [30 ].
F=mπ(2+1/n)n(−H′)nR3+n2n(3+n)H1+2n
where m and n are the model coefficients of the power-law fluid, H is the height of the fluid, H′ is the first order derivative and R is the radius of the contact area.
If the resin can be assumed to be a Newtonian fluid at a constant temperature and speed during printing, the above equation can be simplified to: F=3πμ(−H′)R48H3
The volume of the fluid in Figure 5 is V=AH=πR2H , which is a fixed constant when the wire properties are constant. This is obtained by substituting it into Equation (4) and integrating both sides simultaneously: ∫0tFdt=−3μ8πV2∫H(0)H(t)1H5dH
During the printing process, the pressure hot roller on the filament is related to the depth of contact, as shown in Figure 6.
As shown in Figure 7, the length of the CCFRP filament is L , the printing speed is v , and the pressure of the hot roller on the CCFRP is F(t1) at position 1, which changes to F(t1+2L/v) at position 2. Position 1 is the moment when the hot roller just touches the filament section and position 2 is the end moment.
As shown in the Figure 8, in the above printing process, the pressure at the moment t0 is F(t0) and the contact area is s1 , and at the moment t0+L/v is F(t0+L/v) and the contact area is s2 .
The pressures at the moments t0 and t0+L/v are, respectively: {F(t0)=∫0s1dFF(t0+L/v)=∫0s2dF
where s1+s2=L , the complete compaction printing process can be expressed as: ∫0tFdt=∫02LvF(t)dt=∫0LvF(t)dt+∫Lv2LvF(t)dt
This simplifies to: ∫0tFdt=FLv
It can be derived from Equations (5) and (8): FLv=3μ32πV2(H−4(t)−H−4(0))
CCFRP is susceptible to plastic deformation at high temperatures and pressures, whereas the hot roller can be treated as a rigid body. There is therefore a geometric relationship between L and the roller radius and depth of contact: L=R2−[R−H0+H(t)]2
As shown in the Figure 9, H0 is the initial height of the filament, H(t) is the height after compaction and R is the radius of the hot roller.
It can be concluded that without considering the fiber volume content and its distribution characteristics, the line width as well as the layer thickness of the formed CCFRP is only related to the printing temperature, the printing speed and the pressure of the hot roller, as shown in the Table 1.
Tu Y., Tan Y., Zhang F., Zou S, & Zhang J. (2024). High-Throughput Additive Manufacturing of Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic by Multifilament. Polymers, 16(5), 704.
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Publication 2024
5
Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced PLA
Polyacrylonitrile-based continuous carbon fiber 1k T300 of Zhongfu Shenying Carbon Fiber Co., Ltd. from Lianyungang, China was explored as the reinforcement, and 4032d transparent polylactic acid (PLA) from NatureWorks of Plymouth, MN, USA was used as the matrix plastic because of its good printability and recyclability. The CCFRP with a diameter of 0.5 mm (±0.05 mm) was prepared in self-designed prepreg equipment, as exhibited in Figure 1. The carbon fiber tows are drawn into the prepreg device by the winding roller, and the PLA filament is fed into the prepreg device and melted into liquid. The prepreg device contains five mixture pins which create a normal tension force between the fibers and the pin surfaces. This normal tension forces compression in the fibers over the pin surface to spread more and encourages melted PLA to infiltrate between the fiber bundles. The PLA-impregnated and -coated carbon fiber tows then enter the forming device and are compressed into 0.5 mm diameter CCFRP prepreg filaments, which are cooled and wound into rolls. The fiber volume fraction is about 19.6%, evaluated by: Vf=k⋅d2D2
where Vf denotes the volume fractions of carbon fiber; k and d represent the specification (1k) and diameter (7 μm) of single tow of carbon fiber, respectively; D signifies the diameter of the CCFRP.
Tu Y., Tan Y., Zhang F., Zou S, & Zhang J. (2024). High-Throughput Additive Manufacturing of Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic by Multifilament. Polymers, 16(5), 704.
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Publication 2024

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Ag is 150 kn by Shimadzu
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Dma 242 e by Netzsch
Sourced in Germany
The DMA 242 E is a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) designed for the characterization of solid and semi-solid materials. It measures the viscoelastic properties of materials under the application of an oscillating force. The DMA 242 E provides data on the storage modulus, loss modulus, and damping factor (tan delta) of samples over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies.

More about "Plastic, carbon fiber reinforced"

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP), Carbon Composite Materials, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP), Lightweight Composites, Advanced Composite Materials, CFRP Aerospace Applications, CFRP Automotive Applications, CFRP Industrial Applications, Strength-to-Weight Ratio, Stiffness-to-Weight Ratio, Durability of CFRP, CFRP Manufacturing Processes, CFRP Material Properties, CFRP Testing and Characterization, AG-IS 150 kN, JSM-IT300, Axis Supra, FE-SEM, DMA 242 E, Composite Material Analysis, Composite Material Optimization, Composite Material Research Protocols, Composite Material Reproducibility, Composite Material Effectiveness.