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Polyesters

Polyesters are a class of polymers characterized by the presence of ester linkages in the main polymer chain.
They are widely used in a variety of applications, including textiles, packaging, and engineering materials.
Polyesters can be synthesized from a variety of monomers, such as dicarboxylic acids and diols, and their properties can be tailored through the selection of the starting materials and the polymerization conditions.
Researcshers studying polyesters can utilize tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their protocols, locate the best procedures from literature, preprints, and patents, and ensure the reproducibility and accuracy of their work.
By leveraging cutting-edge technology, researchers can streamline their polyesters research process and achieve more reliable results.

Most cited protocols related to «Polyesters»

1
Polyester Simulation of RNA-seq Experiments
In addition to the ability to generate reads, Polyester allows simulating experiments with differential transcript expression and biological variability. Thus, we can assess not only the accuracy of the resulting estimates, but also how these estimates would perform in a typical downstream analysis task like differential expression testing.
The Polyester simulation of an RNA-seq experiment with empirically-derived fragment GC bias was created as follows: The transcript abundance quantifications from RSEM run on
NA12716_7 of the GEUVADIS RNA-seq data [11 (link)] were summed to the gene-level using version 75 of the Ensembl gene annotation for GRCh37. Subsequently, whole-transcriptome simulation was carried out using Polyester. Abundance (TPMs) was allocated to isoforms within a gene randomly using the following rule: for genes with two isoforms, TPMs were either (i) split according to a flat Dirichlet distribution (α = (1,1)) or (ii) attributed to a single isoform. The choice of (i) vs (ii) was decided by a Bernoulli trial with probability 0.5. For genes with three or more isoforms, TPMs were either (i) split among three randomly chosen isoforms according to a flat Dirichlet distribution (α = (1,1,1)) or (ii) attributed to a single isoform. Again, (i) vs (ii) was decided by a Bernoulli trial with probability 0.5. The choice of distributing expression among three isoforms was motivated by exploratory data analysis of estimated transcript abundance revealing that for most genes nearly all of expression was concentrated in the first three isoforms for genes with four or more isoforms.
Expected counts for each transcript were then generated according to the transcript-level TPMs, multiplied by the transcript lengths. 40 million 100bp paired-end reads were simulated using the Polyester software for each of 16 samples, and 10% of transcripts were chosen to be differentially expressed across an 8 vs 8 sample split. The fold change was chosen to be either
12 or 2 with probability of 0.5. Fragments were down-sampled with Bernoulli trials according to an empirically-derived fragment GC content dependence estimated with alpine [5 ] on RNA-seq samples from the GEUVADIS project. The first 8 GEUVADIS samples exhibited weak GC content dependence while the last 8 samples exhibited more severe fragment-level GC bias. Paired-end fragments were then shuffled before being supplied to transcript abundance quantifiers. Estimated expression was compared to true expression calculated on transcript counts (before these counts were down-sampled according to the empirically-derived fragment GC bias curve), divided by effective transcript length and scaled to TPM. Global differences across condition for all methods were removed using a scaling factor per condition. Differences across condition for the different methods’ quantifications were tested using a t-test of log2 (TPM + 1).
Patro R., Duggal G., Love M.I., Irizarry R.A, & Kingsford C. (2017). Salmon: fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression using dual-phase inference. Nature methods, 14(4), 417-419.
Publication 2017
A-factor (Streptomyces) Biopharmaceuticals Debility factor A Gene Annotation Genes Polyesters Protein Isoforms RNA-Seq Transcriptome
2
Vaginal Microbiome Analysis via RNA-Seq
Vaginal swabs were collected from four women: two with BV and two considered to have a non-BV vaginal biota as diagnosed by Nugent scoring[55] (link), and vaginal pH. Nurses obtained vaginal samples for RNA-seq using a Dacron polyester-tipped swab rolled against the mid-vaginal wall and immediately suspended in RNAprotect (Qiagen) containing 100 µg/ml rifampicin. Vaginal pH was measured using the pHem-alert applicator (Gynex). Samples for RNA extraction were incubated at room temperature for at least 10 minutes (to a maximum of 3 hours), and then centrifuged before discarding the supernatant and freezing the remaining pellet at 80 C. Lysis and RNA extraction were performed within 3 weeks of storage. RNA was isolated as for the B. cereus samples.
Reference sequence clustering and mapping. A total of 110 accessions representing 103 organisms (of 31 genera, and 63 species) isolated from or detected in the vagina were included in a reference sequence set for mapping. These 234,991 sequences (including 230,031 coding sequences) were clustered by sequence identity (95% nucleotide identity over 90% sequence length) using CD-HIT[56] (link) to remove redundancy in the reference mapping set. A representative sequence (''refseq'') from each of the resulting 163,014 clusters was used to build a Bowtie[32] colorspace reference library for mapping the RNA-seq reads. Reads mapped uniquely by Bowtie to a coding refseq were included in the differential expression analysis (all other unmapped reads were discarded). Reads were trimmed from the 3 end to 40 nt, and up to 2 mismatches were allowed.
ALDEX version 1.0.3 was used. It can be accessed at: http://code.google.com/p/aldex/. DESeq version 1.6.1 was used for these analyses using the per-gene dispersion estimates. The edgeR version 2.4.6 package was used. A false discovery rate of 0.1 was used to identify putative differentially-expressed transcripts as recommended by the documentation. Cuffdiff version 1.3.0 was used with a mean fragment length of 200 bp and the default false discovery rate of 0.05.
Fernandes A.D., Macklaim J.M., Linn T.G., Reid G, & Gloor G.B. (2013). ANOVA-Like Differential Expression (ALDEx) Analysis for Mixed Population RNA-Seq. PLoS ONE, 8(7), e67019.
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Publication 2013
Base Sequence Biological Community Dacron DNA Library Exons Genes Nurses Polyesters Rifampin RNA-Seq Vagina Woman
3
Comparative Evaluation of Transcript Quantification
All tests were performed with eXpress v1.5.1, kallisto v0.43.0, Salmon v0.8.0 and Bowtie2 v2.2.4. Reads were aligned with Bowtie2 using the parameters
--no-discordant -k 200, and
-p to set the number of threads. On the RSEM-sim data, all methods were run without bias correction. On all other datasests, methods were run with bias correction unless otherwise noted. Additionally, on the Polyester simulated data, Salmon was run with the option
--noBiasLengthThreshold, which allows bias correction, even for very short transcripts, since we were most interested in assessing the maximum sensitivity of the model.
Patro R., Duggal G., Love M.I., Irizarry R.A, & Kingsford C. (2017). Salmon: fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression using dual-phase inference. Nature methods, 14(4), 417-419.
Publication 2017
Hypersensitivity Polyesters Salmo salar
4
Establishing Human Enteroid Cultures
Human enteroid cultures were established from biopsies obtained after endoscopic or surgical procedures utilizing the methods developed by the laboratory of Dr. Hans Clevers22 (link). De-identified biopsy tissue was obtained from healthy subjects provided informed consent at Johns Hopkins University and all methods were carried out in accordance with approved guidelines and regulations. All experimental protocols were approved by the Johns Hopkins University Institutional Review Board (IRB# NA_00038329). Briefly, enteroids generated from isolated intestinal crypts17 (link) were maintained as cysts embedded in Matrigel (Corning, USA) in 24-well plates and cultured in Wnt3A containing NDM. Once multiple enteroid cultures had been generated, multiple wells were pooled, triturated in Cultrex Organoid Harvesting Solution (Trevigen, USA), and the fragments were collected by centrifugation and resuspended in NDM. Enteroid fragments (100 μl) were added onto 0.4 μm or 1.0 μm pore transparent polyester (PET) membrane 24-well cell culture inserts (Transwell; Corning, USA or Millipore, USA) pre-coated with human collagen IV (30 μg/ml; Sigma-Aldrich, USA). NDM (600 μl) was added to the wells of the receiver plate, and the cultures incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2. Under these conditions, enteroid cultures reached confluency in 7-14 days. Monolayer differentiation was induced by incubation in Wnt3A-free20 (link) and Rspo-1-free DFM for five days. Monolayer confluency and differentiation were monitored by measuring TER with an ohmmeter (EVOM2 (link); World Precision Instruments, USA). The unit area resistances (ohm*cm2) were calculated according to the growth surface area of the inserts; 0.33 cm2 for both 0.4 and 1.0 μm inserts. Enteroids were derived from segments of the small intestine (duodenum, n = 5; jejunum, n = 1) and proximal colon (n = 1) for Fig. 3c. For all other experiments, results were generated from duodenal and jejunal enteroids derived from intestinal biopsies of healthy subjects.
Noel G., Baetz N.W., Staab J.F., Donowitz M., Kovbasnjuk O., Pasetti M.F, & Zachos N.C. (2017). A primary human macrophage-enteroid co-culture model to investigate mucosal gut physiology and host-pathogen interactions. Scientific Reports, 7, 45270.
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Publication 2017
Biopsy Centrifugation Collagen Type IV Colon Cyst Duodenum Endoscopy Healthy Volunteers Homo sapiens Intestines Intestines, Small Jejunum matrigel Operative Surgical Procedures Organoids Plasma Membrane Polyesters Tissues
5
Mosquito Trapping Protocol with HDNs
During catches performed with HDNs one adult occupied one trap and according to the different experiments collected mosquitoes for six or eight hours. Participants rested on a metal-framed bed with fabric inlay (20 cm high x 200 cm long x 70 cm wide) and were fully protected from mosquitoes by a small blue polyester bed net (97 cm high x 200 cm long x 100 cm wide, mesh size 1.5 mm) which was not treated with any insecticide and which hung over the bed to the ground. A larger untreated bed net (100 cm high x 250 cm long x 150 cm wide, mesh size 1.5 mm) which was also not treated with insecticide was hung over the smaller net and was raised 30 cm above the ground[1 , 5 ]. Mosquitoes were caught in the ±20 cm gap between the two nets. Both nets were protected from the elements by plastic-sheeting roofs (Fig 1A). For 10 minutes of every hour participants raised the bottom of the inner net and aspirated mosquitoes caught between the nets into paper-cups. Mosquito catches of each hour were aspirated into different paper cups. When participants were not collecting mosquitoes, they rested inside the inner net. Participants had access to a stopwatch to monitor the time. Every collection day two field supervisors verified the participants conducted the collections as instructed.
Tangena J.A., Thammavong P., Hiscox A., Lindsay S.W, & Brey P.T. (2015). The Human-Baited Double Net Trap: An Alternative to Human Landing Catches for Collecting Outdoor Biting Mosquitoes in Lao PDR. PLoS ONE, 10(9), e0138735.
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Publication 2015
Adult Culicidae Dental Inlays Insecticides Metals Polyesters

Most recents protocols related to «Polyesters»

1
Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Webbing
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

A double cloth, plain weave webbing was produced on a needle loom. Each side of the webbing was constructed of 48 ends of 1600 d, 1000 filament ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarns and 24 ends of 1000 d, 192 filament polyester yarns along the edges of the webbing, and 12±2 ppi of 1600 d, 1000 filament ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarns. The stuffer yarns were 1500 d, 3×4 Kevlar® cord, and 14 cords (168 yarns) were positioned between the front and back sides of the webbing. Binder yarns of 1600 d, 1000 filament ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarn binder were woven between the front and back to secure the sides together. A polyester catch cord (1000 d/192/1.5 z) was used to bind the edges of the webbing.

The webbing had a width of approximately 1.0 inches, a thickness of approximately 0.14 inches and a weight of approximately 58 g/linear yard. The tensile strength of the webbing was approximately 8,000 lbs.

US11872419B1. Webbing for fall protection device (2024-01-16). OTEX Specialty Narrow Fabrics, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Mark M. Morgis [US], Kevin W. Raup [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Cone-Rod Dystrophy 2 Cytoskeletal Filaments Forehead Needles Polyesters ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
2
Synthesis of Carbodiimide Compounds
Not available on PMC !

Example 7

A reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirrer was charged with a diisocyanate compound, an end-capping agent, a solvent (THF), and a carbodiimidization catalyst shown in Table 1 at a ratio shown in Table 1, and the mixture was stirred under a nitrogen flow at 70° C. for 3 hours.

Then, it was confirmed by IR spectrum measurement that an absorption peak attributed to an isocyanate group at a wavelength of about 2270 cm−1 almost disappeared, and a THF solution of a carbodiimide compound of n=6 was obtained. Then, the THF was volatilized, followed by drying, to obtain a carbodiimide compound P7.

Example 8

In synthetic Example 8, a carbodiimide compound P8 of n=6 was obtained in the same manner as in Synthetic Example 7 except that a diisocyanate compound, an end-capping agent, a solvent, and a carbodiimidization catalyst shown in Table 1 were blended at a ratio shown in Table 1.

Example 9

In synthetic Example 9, a carbodiimide compound P9 of n=6 was obtained in the same manner as in Synthetic Example 7 except that a diisocyanate compound, an end-capping agent, a solvent, and a carbodiimidization catalyst shown in Table 1 were blended at a ratio shown in Table 1.

US11879051B2. Polyester resin composition (2024-01-23). NISSHINBO CHEMICAL INC. [JP]. Inventors: Takahiro Sasaki [JP].
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Patent 2024
Blood Vessel Carbodiimides fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether Isocyanates Nitrogen Polyesters Resins, Plant Solvents
3
Synthesis of Carbodiimide Polymer
Not available on PMC !

Example 10

A reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirrer was charged with a diisocyanate compound and a carbodiimidization catalyst shown in Table 1 at a ratio shown in Table 1, and the mixture was stirred under a nitrogen flow at 185° C. for 24 hours to obtain isocyanate-terminated poly-4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane carbodiimide.

The measured ratio of NCO was 3.78%, and n was 9.

Then, the isocyanate-terminated poly-4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane carbodiimide was heated to 150° C., and 14.2 parts by mass of an end-capping agent shown in Table 1 was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3 hours. Then, it was confirmed by IR spectrum measurement that an absorption peak attributed to an isocyanate group at a wavelength of about 2270 cm−1 almost disappeared, and a carbodiimide compound P10 of n=9 was obtained.

US11879051B2. Polyester resin composition (2024-01-23). NISSHINBO CHEMICAL INC. [JP]. Inventors: Takahiro Sasaki [JP].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Blood Vessel Carbodiimides dicyclohexylmethane fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether Isocyanates Nitrogen Poly A Polyesters Resins, Plant
4
Polypropylene Cast Films with Fillers
Not available on PMC !

Example 3

Cast films were prepared on a Collin Laboratory Film Line (Dr. Collin GmbH, Germany) with a twin screw extruder with a diameter of 30 mm wide T-die and a take-up system, which had temperature controlled chill-rolls. The chilled roll was kept 20 mm from the T-die to produce a polypropylene sheet having a thickness of around 1 000 μm. The extruder is equipped with a vacuum venting system to remove during the extrusion volatiles and moisture coming from the raw materials. The extruder and die temperatures were consistent throughout the experiment. The die temperature was set at 270° C.; the line speed was 0.5 m/min. The masterbatch or polymer was mixed with the neat polymer P1 to receive cast films with the concentrations given in Table 2.

TABLE 3
Compositions and properties of prepared cast films
Filler content
Film SampleFiller[wt.-%]
 1 (comp.)no0
 2 (inv.)CC160
 3 (inv.)CC170
 4 (inv.)CC260
 5 (inv.)CC270
 6 (inv.)CC360
 7 (inv.)CC370
 8 (inv.)CC460
 9 (inv.)CC470
10 (inv.)CC560
11 (inv.)CC570
12 (inv.)CC660
13 (inv.)CC670

US11873387B2. Surface-treated fillers for polyester films (2024-01-16). OMYA INTERNATIONAL AG [CH]. Inventors: Martin Brunner [CH], Michael Knerr [CH], Michael Tinkl [CH], Karsten Udo Schulz [CH].
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Patent 2024
CD3EAP protein, human COMP protocol Polyesters Polymers Polypropylenes Twins Vacuum
5
Dendritic Graphite Foam Supercapacitor
Not available on PMC !

Example 11

A dendritic graphite foam (8 h) sample (1 by 2 cm2 in area) was affixed to Au (100 nm) coated polyester (PET) film (0.08 mm thickness, ePlastics, CA, USA) with silver epoxy, serving as a half electrode. Then, a LiCl/PVA (polyvinylalcohol) (mass ratio, 8.5:4) gel electrolyte was infiltrated to the RPGM/Au-PET composite followed by 20 min of degassing. Finally, two pieces of RPGM/Au-PET was sandwiched together, followed by drying in an oven at 50° C. overnight, to form an all-solid-stated symmetric supercapacitor.

US11858816B2. Dendritic materials with hierarchical porosity (2024-01-02). BOARD OF REGENTS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM [US]. Inventors: Weigu Li [US], Donglei Fan [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Dendrites Electrolytes Epoxy Resins Graphite Polyesters Polyvinyl Alcohol Silver

Top products related to «Polyesters»

1
Transwell insert by Corning
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, Switzerland, Japan, France, Spain
Transwell inserts are a type of laboratory equipment used for cell culture applications. They consist of a porous membrane that separates two chambers, allowing for the study of interactions between cells or the passage of substances across the membrane. The core function of Transwell inserts is to facilitate the creation of a barrier between the two chambers, enabling researchers to analyze various cellular processes and transport mechanisms.
2
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
3
Polyester membrane by Corning
Sourced in United States
The Polyester membrane is a lab equipment product designed for filtration and separation processes. It is a thin, porous material made of polyester fibers that allows the passage of specific substances while retaining others, based on their size and properties. The membrane's core function is to facilitate efficient separation and purification of various liquids and solutions in a laboratory setting.
4
0.4 μm pore polyester membrane insert by Corning
Sourced in United States
The 0.4-μm-pore polyester membrane inserts are a type of lab equipment used for various filtration and separation applications. The inserts feature a polyester membrane with 0.4-micrometer pores, which allows for the efficient filtration and isolation of particles, cells, or other materials based on size.
5
Matrigel by Corning
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Matrigel is a complex mixture of extracellular matrix proteins derived from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma cells. It is widely used as a basement membrane matrix to support the growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis of various cell types in cell culture applications.
6
Ti select ts6200 by DuPont
The TI Select TS6200 is a laboratory instrument designed for general purpose analytical tasks. It features a high-resolution touch screen interface and intuitive software for data acquisition and analysis. The TS6200 is capable of performing a variety of common laboratory measurements and tests, but a detailed description of its core function cannot be provided while maintaining an unbiased and factual approach.
7
Polyester membrane insert by Corning
Sourced in United States
Polyester membrane inserts are a type of lab equipment used for cell culture applications. The inserts feature a porous polyester membrane that allows for the exchange of media, nutrients, and waste between the upper and lower chambers. The primary function of these inserts is to provide a platform for cell growth and experimentation.
8
Penicillin streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
9
Transwell polyester membrane cell culture insert by Corning
Sourced in United States
Transwell polyester membrane cell culture inserts are a laboratory tool used for cell culture experiments. They consist of a porous polyester membrane that allows for the separation of cell populations and the exchange of media and other substances between the upper and lower chambers.

More about "Polyesters"

Polyesters are a versatile class of polymeric materials characterized by the presence of ester linkages in their main chain.
These synthetic compounds have a wide range of applications, including textiles, packaging, and engineering materials.
Polyesters can be synthesized from a variety of monomers, such as dicarboxylic acids and diols, allowing for the tailoring of their properties to suit specific needs.
Researchers studying polyesters can leverage advanced tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their research protocols, locate the best procedures from literature, preprints, and patents, and ensure the reproducibility and accuracy of their work.
This cutting-edge technology can help streamline the research process and enable more reliable results.
In addition to polyesters, researchers may also encounter related terms and concepts, such as Transwell inserts, which are commonly used in cell culture experiments.
These inserts, often made of polyester membranes with 0.4-μm pores, facilitate the study of cell migration, permeability, and other cellular processes.
The use of Matrigel, a basement membrane matrix, in conjunction with polyester membrane inserts can further enhance the complexity of cell culture models.
Another important component in polyesters research is the use of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), a common supplement in cell culture media, which provides essential nutrients and growth factors.
Penicillin/streptomycin, an antibiotic mixture, is also frequently used to prevent microbial contamination in cell culture systems.
By understanding the broader context of polyesters research, including related materials and techniques, researchers can optimize their workflows, access the most relevant literature, and ultimately achieve more reliable and impactful results in their studies.