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Succinic anhydride

Succinic anhydride is a cyclic organic compound used in a variety of industrial and research applications.
It is a versatile starting material for the synthesis of other chemical compounds and is commonly employed in the production of resins, plasticizers, and pharmaceutical intermediates.
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Most cited protocols related to «Succinic anhydride»

1
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrazine-Derived Compounds
Cited 15 times
Chemical synthesis of potential inhibitors. Reagents and solvents were from Aldrich, Alfa Aesar or Acros. Reactions were monitored by TLC, which was performed on precoated aluminum-backed plates (Merck, silica 60 F254). Melting points were determined using a Leica Galen III hot-stage melting point apparatus and microscope. Infrared spectra were recorded from Nujol mulls between sodium chloride discs, on a Bruker Tensor 27 FT-IR spectrometer. NMR spectra were acquired using a Bruker DPX500 NMR spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) are given in ppm, and the multiplicities are given as singlet (s), doublet (d), triplet (t), quartet (q), multiplet (m), broad (br). Coupling constants J are given in Hz (± 0.5 Hz). High resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were recorded using a Bruker MicroTOF spectrometer. The purity of all compounds synthesized were ≥95% as determined by analytical reverse-phase HPLC (Ultimate 3000). Daminozide (Alar™) and compound 28 are commercially available. The synthesis and characterisation of compounds 2225 , 2526 (link), 2727 , 3628 , 3729 and 3826 (link) has been reported. The synthesis of compounds 31-35, 39-41 and 13C NMR spectra for 22, 23, 24, 26, 31-35 are given in the Supporting Information.
4-(2,2,2-Trimethylhydrazinyl)-4-oxobutanoate 22. The synthesis of compound 22 was as reported25 , thus reaction of daminozide (500mg, 3.1 mmol) with methyl iodide (700mg, 0.31 mL, 5.0 mmol) gave 22 as a white solid (75% yield), mp: 137-138 °C (lit.1 137-138.5 °C); 1H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD): δ 2.40 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.51 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (s, 9H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, MeOD): δ 28.5, 29.1, 56.1, 170.4, 173.4; IR (neat) υ/cm−1: 3405, 3312, 1729, 1693; HRMS (m/z): [M]+ calcd. for C7H15N2O3, 175.1077; found, 175.1081.
General procedure for the coupling of hydrazine to succinic anhydride. To a stirred solution of the appropriate hydrazine (1 equiv.) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added dropwise a solution of succinic anhydride (200 mg, 2.0 mmol, 1 equiv.) in acetonitrile (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h, after which the solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the resulting crude purified using semipreparative reverse-phase HPLC, performed on a phenomenex C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm). Separation was achieved using a linear gradient of solvent A (water + 0.1% CF3CO2H) and solvent B (acetonitrile + 0.1% CF3CO2H), eluting at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and monitoring at 220 nm: 0% B to 40% B over 30 min.
4-(2-Methylhydrazinyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid 23. Compound 23 is a colourless oil (63% yield), 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 2.35 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 4.76 (s, 1H), 7.74 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 28.3, 29.1, 170.1, 173.6; IR (neat) υ/cm−1: 33 3219, 3057, 1708, 1632; HRMS (m/z): [M+Na]+ calcd. for C5H10N2NaO3, 169.0584; found, 169.0577.
4-Hydrazinyl-4-oxobutanoic acid 24. Compound 24 is a colourless oil (87% yield), 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 2.34 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 5.86 (s, 1H), 8.99 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 28.2, 29.1, 170.8, 173.9; IR (neat) υ/cm−1: 3303, 3290, 3199, 1712, 1624; HRMS (m/z): [M-H]- calcd. for C4H7N2O3, 131.0462; found, 131.0468.
4-Oxo-4-(1,2,2-trimethylhydrazinyl)butanoic acid 26. Compound 26 is a white solid (56% yield), mp: 97-98 °C, 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 2.37 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 11.98 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 28.2, 29.8, 43.4, 48.7, 173.5, 175.0; IR (neat) υ/cm−1: 2958, 1723, 1615; HRMS (m/z): [M+Na]+ calcd. for C7H14N2NaO3, 197.0897; found, 197.0895.
4-((Dimethylamino)oxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid 29. N,N-Dimethylhydroxylamine (39 mg, 0.63 mmol, 1.1 equiv. ) was added to a solution of 4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid (100 mg, 0.57 mmol, 1 equiv.), hydroxybenzotriazole (100 mg, 0.74 mmol, 1.3 equiv.), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide ( 140 mg, 0.74 mmol, 1.3 equiv.) and diisopropylethylamine ( 0.2 mL, 1.14 mmol, 2.0 equiv.) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight, washed with water, HCl 1N, brine, dried on MgSO4. The organic phase was evaporated in vacuo and purified by chromatography (MeOH/CH2Cl2 0.5/9.5) to obtain 110 mg of tert-butyl 4((dimethylamino)oxy)-4-oxobutanoate (90% yield). CF3CO2H (0.04 ml, 0.37 mmol, 4 equiv.) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4((dimethylamino)oxy)-4-oxobutanoate (20 mg, 0.09 mmol, 1 equiv.) in CH2Cl2 (1.5 ml). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4h and evaporated in vacuo to give 14 mg of 29 (yield 95%). 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 2.59 (s, 6H), 2.57 (s, 4H); 13C NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 176.2, 172.0, 48.5, 29.9; IR (neat) 3341, 2485,1717, 1120, 1026, 975 cm−1; HRMS (m/z):[M+]calcd. for C6H11NO4 161.0688; found 161.0923.
N‘1, N‘1, N‘4, N‘4-Tetramethylsuccinohydrazide 30. A solution of succinic acid (100 mg, 0.85 mmol, 1 equiv.), hydroxybenzotriazole (350 mg, 2.11 mmol, 2.3 equiv.), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (421 mg, 2.11 mmol, 2.3 equiv.), diisopropylethylamine (0.6 mL, 3.4 mmol, 4 equiv.) and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (0.16 mL, 2.04 mmol, 2.2 equiv.) in CH2Cl2 (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was washed with water, a saturated solution of NaHCO3, brine and dried on MgSO4. The organic phase was evaporated in vacuo and purified by chromatography (MeOH/ CH2Cl2 1/9) to give 77 mg of 30 (45% yield). 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 2.87 (s, 6H), 2.65 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 178.2, 43.8, 27.6; IR (neat) 3356, 2485, 2071, 1695, 1120, 1027, 974 cm−1; HRMS (m/z):[(M-2CH3)−]calcd. for C6H14N4O2, 174.1117; found, 174.1022.
Rose N.R., Woon E.C., Tumber A., Walport L.J., Chowdhury R., Li X.S., King O.N., Lejeune C., Ng S.S., Krojer T., Chan M.C., Rydzik A.M., Hopkinson R.J., Che K.H., Daniel M., Strain-Damerell C., Gileadi C., Kochan G., Leung I.K., Dunford J., Yeoh K.K., Ratcliffe P.J., Burgess-Brown N., von Delft F., Muller S., Marsden B., Brennan P.E., McDonough M.A., Oppermann U., Klose R.J., Schofield C.J, & Kawamura A. (2012). The Plant Growth Regulator Daminozide is a Selective Inhibitor of the Human KDM2/7 Histone Demethylases. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 55(14), 6639-6643.
Publication 2012
2
Radiolabeling of Trastuzumab with Zirconium-89
Cited 9 times
Trastuzumab (Herceptin™, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) was conjugated to desferrioxamine B (DFO, Calbiochem, Spring Valley, CA) by using procedures modified from those described by Verel et al.[36] (link) Full details are provided in the supporting information (Text S1). Briefly, DFO-conjugated trastuzumab (DFO-trastuzumab) was prepared via a 6-step procedure involving: the reaction of DFO mesylate with succinic anhydride to give N-succinyldesferrioxamine B; protection of the tris-hydroxamate functional groups via Fe3+ complexation; formation of the tetrafluorophenol (TFP) activated ester; mAb conjugation; removal of the Fe3+via transchelation to EDTA; and purification of DFO-trastuzumab by using size-exclusion chromatography and/or spin-column centrifugal separation.
Zirconium-89 was produced via the 89Y(p,n)89Zr transmutation reaction on an EBCO TR19/9 variable-beam energy cyclotron (Ebco Industries Inc., Richmond, British Columbia, Canada) in accordance with previously reported methods.[36] (link), [47] , [50] The [89Zr]Zr-oxalate was isolated in high radionuclidic and radiochemical purity (RCP) >99.99%, with a specific-activity of 195–497 MBq/µg, (5.28–13.43 mCi/µg).[47]
89Zr-DFO-trastuzumab was prepared by the complexation of [89Zr]Zr-oxalate with DFO-trastuzumab. Typical radiolabeling reactions were conducted in accordance with the following procedure. Briefly, [89Zr]Zr-oxalate (29.7 MBq, [805 µCi]) in 1.0 M oxalic acid (40 µL) was adjusted to pH 7.7–8.5 with 1.0 M Na2CO3(aq.). CAUTION: Acid neutralization releases CO2(g) and care should be taken to ensure that no radioactivity escapes the microcentrifuge vial. After CO2(g) evolution ceased, DFO-trastuzumab (50 µL, 5.0 mg/mL [0.25 mg of mAb], in 0.9% sterile saline) was added and the reaction was mixed gently. The reaction was incubated at room temperature for 1–2 h and complexation progress was monitored by ITLC (DTPA, 50 mM, pH 7). After 1 h, high radiolabeling yields were obtained with RCP >78(±4)%. 89Zr-DFO-trastuzumab was purified by using either size-exclusion chromatography (Sephadex G-25 M, PD-10 column, >30 kDa, GE Healthcare; dead-volume = 2.5 mL, eluted with 200 µL fractions of 0.9% sterile saline, Figure S1) or spin-column centrifugation (4 mL volume, >30 kDa, Amicon Ultra-4, Millipore, Billerica, MA; washed with 4×3 mL, 0.9% sterile saline). The RCP of the final 89Zr-DFO-trastuzumab (>70% radiochemical yield; formulation: pH 5.5–6.0; <500 µL; 0.9% sterile saline) was measured by both radio-ITLC and analytical size-exclusion chromatography (<0.74 MBq [20 µCi], ca. 5–10 µL aliquots) and was found to be >99% in all preparations. In the ITLC experiment 89Zr-DFO-trastuzumab and [89Zr]Zr-DFO remain at the baseline (Rf = 0.0), whereas 89Zr4+(aq.) ions and [89Zr]Zr-DTPA elute with the solvent front (Rf = 1.0).
Holland J.P., Caldas-Lopes E., Divilov V., Longo V.A., Taldone T., Zatorska D., Chiosis G, & Lewis J.S. (2010). Measuring the Pharmacodynamic Effects of a Novel Hsp90 Inhibitor on HER2/neu Expression in Mice Using 89Zr-DFO-Trastuzumab. PLoS ONE, 5(1), e8859.
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Publication 2010
3
Synthesis of Acyl-CoA Derivatives
Cited 8 times
For the small scale synthesis of butyryl-CoA and succinyl-CoA with the symetric anhydride method, CoA (4 mg, 0.005 mmol, 1 eq.) was dissolved in 200 µL 0.5 M NaHCO3. The solution was cooled down to 4 °C and 1.6 equivalents of the corresponding anhydride was added (butyryic anhydride: 1.3 µL, 0.0081 mmol, 1.6 eq.; succinic anhydride: 0.81 mg, 0.0081 mmol, 1.6 eq.). The reaction was stirred on ice for 45 min and its completion confirmed by a test for remaining free thiols with Ellman’s reagent. The reaction mixture was directly injected into the HPLC-MS for downstream analysis (see Section 4.6).
The synthesis of acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA and crotonyl-CoA was scaled up 50 fold using 200 mg CoA (0.25 mmol, 1 eq.) in 5 mL 0.5 M NaHCO3 and 1.6 eq. of the corresponding anhydride (acetic anhydride: 45 µL, 0.41 mmol, 54 µL 1.6 eq. propionic anhydride: 0.41 mmol, 1.6 eq.; crotonic anhydride: 64 µL 0.41 mmol, 1.6 eq.). The reactions were stirred on ice for 45 min and then directly injected into the HPLC-MS for downstream analysis and purification (see Section 4.6).
Peter D.M., Vögeli B., Cortina N.S, & Erb T.J. (2016). A Chemo-Enzymatic Road Map to the Synthesis of CoA Esters. Molecules, 21(4), 517.
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Publication 2016
acetic anhydride Anabolism Anhydrides Bicarbonate, Sodium butyryl-coenzyme A Coenzyme A, Acetyl Croton crotonyl-coenzyme A High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies M-200 propionic anhydride propionyl-coenzyme A succinic anhydride succinyl-coenzyme A Sulfhydryl Reagents
4
Microarray Production from Plasmid Clones
Cited 7 times
Microarray was printed using PCR products prepared from plasmid clones of the NIA 7.4 K clone set (8 (link)) plus other ∼400 mouse oligos. PCR products were generated as described in Tanaka et al. (8 (link)). The PCR products were purified using NucleoFast PCR purification kit from Macherey Nagel (Duren, Germany), concentrated by vacuum centrifugation and redissolved in printing buffer (1 M Betaine, 10% Glycerol, 50 mM NaPO4, pH 7.5) at a concentration of 100 ng/µl. The PCR products were spotted in duplicates on polylysine coated slides using a Virtek SDDC-3 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, CA) equipped with quill-type steel pins (Telechem, Sunnyvale, CA). Spots were printed at a nominal centre-to-centre spacing of 200 µm. Printed slides were baked at 80°C for 2 h and blocked in succinic anhydride and 1,2 dichloroethane as described by Diehl et al. (9 (link)). The number of the print-tips used was 48. Details of the array design can be found on base platform GPL1961.
Chua S.W., Vijayakumar P., Nissom P.M., Yam C.Y., Wong V.V, & Yang H. (2006). A novel normalization method for effective removal of systematic variation in microarray data. Nucleic Acids Research, 34(5), e38.
Publication 2006
2',5'-oligoadenylate Betaine Buffers Centrifugation Clone Cells Ethylene Dichlorides Exanthema Glycerin Microarray Analysis Mus Plasmids Polylysine Steel succinic anhydride Vacuum
5
Synthesis and Surface Modification of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Cited 6 times
The basic synthesis of MSNP was conducted by mixing the silicate source tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) with the templating surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in basic aqueous solution (pH 11). In a round bottom flask, 100 mg CTAB was dissolved in a solution of 48 ml distilled water and 0.35 ml sodium hydroxide (2 M). The solution was heated to 80°C and stirred vigorously. After the temperature had stabilized, 0.5 ml TEOS was added slowly into the heated CTAB solution. After 15 min, 0.23 mmol of the organosilane solution was added into the mixture. 3-trihydroxysilylpropyl methylphosphonate was used for phosphonate surface modification, and aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTS) was used for amine surface modification. After 2 hr, the solution was cooled to room temperature and the materials were washed with methanol using centrifugation. In order to incorporate fluorescent dye molecules in the silicate framework, fluorescein-modified silane was first synthesized and then mixed with TEOS. To synthesize fluorescein-modified silane, 2.4 μL APTS was mixed with 1 mg fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) in 0.6 ml absolute ethanol, and stirred for 2 hr under inert atmosphere. In another formulation, rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC) was used instead of FITC to synthesize rhodamine B-modified APTS. The dye-modified silane was then mixed with TEOS before adding the mixture into the heated CTAB solution. The surfactants were removed from the pores by refluxing the particles in a mixture of 20 ml methanol and 1 ml hydrochloric acid (12.1 M) for 24 hr. The materials were then centrifuged and washed with methanol.
For the poly(ethylene glycol) modification, 1 g of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (MW 5 KD, mPEG) was dried under vacuum for 30 min and dissolved in 5 ml dioxane (with slight heating). mPEG has only one reactive end that can be attached to the particle surface and limits the coupling process only to that end, whereas normal PEG has two reactive ends and may cause particle cross-linking. 307.4 mg disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC) was dissolved in 2 ml anhydrous DMF (with slight heating) and mixed with the mPEG solution. 146.6 mg 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine was dissolved in 2 ml acetone and added slowly into the mPEG solution The mixture was stirred for 6 hours under an inert atmosphere. The polymer was precipitated by the addition of 30 ml diethyl ether to the solution and separated by centrifugation. After washing the polymer twice with diethyl ether, the activated mPEG was dried under vacuum. 60 mg of amine-modified MSNP was washed and resuspended in 2 ml anhydrous DMF. 300 mg of the activated mPEG was dissolved in 9 ml DMF and mixed with the particles. The mixture was stirred for 12 hr and washed thoroughly with DMF and PBS.
To perform polyethyleneimine (PEI) modification, 5 mg of phosphonate-modified MSNP were dispersed in a solution of 2.5 mg PEI (MW 25 KD) and 1 ml absolute ethanol. The process to coat the particles with other PEI polymers (MW 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 10 KD) was carried out similarly. After the mixture was sonicated and stirred for 30 min, the particles coated with PEI were washed with ethanol and PBS. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the amount of PEI on the particles was approximately 5 weight percent. To succinylate the PEI 25K-coated particles, 1 mg particles were resuspended in 0.25 ml anhydrous DMF and mixed with different amounts of succinic anhydride (0.15 mg, 0.075 mg, and 0.015 mg). The mixture was sonicated and stirred overnight. The succinylated particles were washed with DMF and resuspended in PBS. To fluorescently label PEI (MW 25 KD), 60 mg of PEI 25 KD was dissolved in 10 ml carbonate buffer (pH 9) and mixed with 1 mg rhodamine B isothiocyanate dissolved in 1 ml DMSO. The mixture was stirred for 24 hr at 4°C and dialyzed against distilled water. The rhodamine B-labeled PEI 25K was attached to the particles by using similar procedure for the unlabeled PEI.
Xia T., Kovochich M., Liong M., Meng H., Kabehie S., Zink J.I, & Nel A.E. (2009). Polyethyleneimine Coating Enhances the Cellular Uptake of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Allows Safe Delivery of siRNA and DNA Constructs. ACS nano, 3(10), 3273-3286.
Publication 2009

Most recents protocols related to «Succinic anhydride»

1
Synthesis and Characterization of HPCD-Based Polymers
Not available on PMC !
In this study, polymers based on HPCD linked by succinic anhydride were synthesized according to the procedure outlined in reference [15] (link). Briefly, a specified amount of HPCD solution (C = 60 mg/mL) was heated at 100 • C in the presence of NaH 2 PO 4 . Subsequently, the linker's aqueous solution (3 M succinic anhydride) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture, which was stirred for 1.5 h. The molar ratio of HPCD to linker was maintained at 1:15.
The obtained polymer, referred to as HPolS, was purified through dialysis using a membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 12 kDa (Serva, Heidelberg, Germany). The purified polymer was then dried for 24 h at 37 • C.
The concentration of cyclodextrin (CD) torus in HPolS was determined using FTIR spectroscopy, specifically by analyzing the 1032 cm -1 band corresponding to the C-O-C bond in the CD torus. Calibration dependence was established for accurate concentration determination.
Kopnova T.Y., Yakupova L.R., Belogurova N.G., & Kudryashova Е.V. (2024). Human Serum Albumin Grafted by Monomeric and Polymeric β-Cyclodextrin as Drug Delivery System for Levofloxacin with Improved Pharmacological Properties. Future Pharmacology, 4(1), 139-162.
Publication 2024
2
Sodium Alginate Modification with DSA
Not available on PMC !
Sodium alginate was obtained from a local store (Multi Kimia Raya, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia), which was modified using dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DSA) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, US). Other chemicals used for modification and analyses were in analytical grade.
Wardhani D.H., Ulya H.N., Hafizha M., & Razani M.O.A. (2024). Effect of Temperatures on Modification of Alginate Hydrophobicity using Dodecenyl Succinic Anhydride. E3S Web of Conferences, 503, 06005-06005.
Publication 2024
3
Carboxylation of Amine-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles
A total of 33 mg (0.33 mmol) of succinic anhydride was dissolved in 1 mL of DMF with 0.014 mL of trimethylamine. MNP-NH2 was resuspended in the succinic anhydride solution, sonicated, and vigorously shaken for 2 h. MNP-COOH was sedimented via centrifugation (13,400 rpm, 15 min) and washed 3 times with DMF and 5 times with degassed water. MNP-COOH was resuspended in 0.315 mL of water to form a suspension of ~7 mg/mL.
Zolotova M.O., Znoyko S.L., Orlov A.V., Nikitin P.I, & Sinolits A.V. (2024). Efficient Chlorostannate Modification of Magnetite Nanoparticles for Their Biofunctionalization. Materials, 17(2), 349.
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Publication 2024
4
Synthesis of Gem-diBoc Hemisuccinate
Gem was selectively Boc-protected to obtain compound 1, as previously presented [7 (link),8 (link)]. Then, the diBoc-protected Gem (1) was reacted with succinic anhydride under basic conditions to afford the 5′-O-diBoc-gemcitabine hemisuccinate (2) [22 (link)]. In short, the diBoc-protected Gem (1) (0.43 mmol) and succinic anhydride (1.08 mmol) were dissolved in 20 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). Then, DIPEA (4.30 mmol) was added dropwise to this solution. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h (reaction monitored via TLC in solvent system, CH2Cl2/methanol 9/1, Rf = 0.04), and then, 10 mL of water was added, and the mixture was lyophilized. The crude product was purified using RP-HPLC (60:40% 0.1% TFA in H2O: 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile, to 100% 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile for 30 min, at 254 nm, tR = 11.75 min) to afford compound 2 (78%) as a white solid.
Budka J., Debowski D., Mai S., Narajczyk M., Hac S., Rolka K., Vrettos E.I., Tzakos A.G, & Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. (2024). Design, Synthesis, and Antitumor Evaluation of an Opioid Growth Factor Bioconjugate Targeting Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pharmaceutics, 16(2), 283.
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Publication 2024
5
Cyclodextrin-Based Drug Conjugate Synthesis
Not available on PMC !
Levofloxacin (LV), 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) with a hydrogen substitution degree of 1-1.3 in one D-glucopyranose link, succinic anhydride, and human serum albumin (HSA), Woodward's reagent, carbonyldiimidazole, and 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Kopnova T.Y., Yakupova L.R., Belogurova N.G., & Kudryashova Е.V. (2024). Human Serum Albumin Grafted by Monomeric and Polymeric β-Cyclodextrin as Drug Delivery System for Levofloxacin with Improved Pharmacological Properties. Future Pharmacology, 4(1), 139-162.
Publication 2024

Top products related to «Succinic anhydride»

1
Succinic anhydride by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China
Succinic anhydride is a chemical compound used in the production of various substances. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that can be used as a building block in the synthesis of other chemicals. Succinic anhydride is a versatile intermediate that finds applications in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial sectors.
2
N hydroxysuccinimide by Merck Group
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N-hydroxysuccinimide is a chemical compound commonly used as an activating agent in organic synthesis. It is a stable, crystalline solid that can be used to facilitate the formation of amide bonds between carboxylic acids and primary amines. Its core function is to activate carboxylic acids, enabling their subsequent reaction with other functional groups.
3
4 dimethylaminopyridine by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Poland, China, Bulgaria, India
4-dimethylaminopyridine is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It serves as a nucleophilic catalyst in various organic reactions. The compound is widely utilized in the synthesis of organic compounds and pharmaceutical intermediates.
4
Succinic anhydride by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Saudi Arabia
Succinic anhydride is a laboratory chemical used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is a colorless solid with a distinctive odor. Succinic anhydride is commonly used as a building block in the preparation of various chemical compounds.
5
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
6
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
7
Triethylamine by Merck Group
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Triethylamine is a clear, colorless liquid used as a laboratory reagent. It is a tertiary amine with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)3N. Triethylamine serves as a base and is commonly employed in organic synthesis reactions.
8
Bovine serum albumin (bsa) by Merck Group
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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
9
Hydrochloric acid (hcl) by Merck Group
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Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
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Ethanol by Merck Group
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Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.

More about "Succinic anhydride"

Succinic anhydride is a versatile cyclic organic compound with a wide range of industrial and research applications.
It serves as a useful starting material for the synthesis of numerous chemical compounds, including resins, plasticizers, and pharmaceutical intermediates.
The compound is also known as butanedioic anhydride and has the chemical formula C4H4O3.
Succinic anhydride can undergo various reactions and transformations, making it a valuable building block in organic chemistry.
For example, it can be used to produce succinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid with applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) is another important derivative of succinic anhydride, widely used as an activating agent in peptide and protein chemistry. 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is a common catalyst employed in reactions involving succinic anhydride, helping to facilitate the formation of esters and other derivatives.
Additionally, solvents like FBS (fetal bovine serum), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), and Triethylamine are often utilized in protocols involving succinic anhydride.
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) may also play a role in the purification or characterization of succinic anhydride and its related compounds.
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