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Ozone

Ozone is a colorless, odorless, and highly reactive gas that occurs naturally in the Earth's atmosphere.
It plays a crucial role in absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun, protecting life on Earth.
Ozone can also be artificially produced and has numerous applications, including water and air purification, disinfection, and medical treatments.
Research on ozone and its effects is essential for understanding its environmental impact and developing effective ozone-related products and methodologies.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of ozone and its importance, serving as a useful starting point for researchers exploring this critical component of the Earth's ecosytem.

Most cited protocols related to «Ozone»

Modeling Daily Air Pollution and Mortality

To aid understanding the models we describe their application to a study of daily air ozone pollution in relation to counts of deaths from London from 2002–6, using data previously published
[3 (link)]. Primary confounder control is by stratifying time by month and day-of-week, a typical case crossover approach. A summary of the data is given in Table
1. We illustrate each method discussed using these data, which are also provided with R and Stata code reproducing the results in Additional file
1 and Additional file
2.Table 1

Description of example daily data: London 2002-2006

Variable	Mean	Mimimum	Maximum
Date (YMD)		2002.1.1	2006.12.31
Mean temperature	11.7	-1.4	28.2
Mean ozone	34.8	18.3	119.2
Number of deaths (all cause)	149.5	99	280
Strata: year X month X day-of-week		2002.1.tues	2006.12.sun

Armstrong B.G., Gasparrini A, & Tobias A. (2014). Conditional Poisson models: a flexible alternative to conditional logistic case cross-over analysis. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 14, 122.

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Publication 2014

Air Pollution Ozone

Two-Pollutant Cox Proportional-Hazards Model for Air Pollution Mortality

We fit a two-pollutant Cox proportional-hazards model with a generalized estimating equation to account for the correlation between ZIP Codes.²² In this way, the risk of death from any cause associated with long-term exposure to PM_2.5 was always adjusted for long-term exposure to ozone, and the risk of death from any cause associated with long-term exposure to ozone was always adjusted for long-term exposure to PM_2.5, unless noted otherwise. We also conducted single-pollutant analyses for comparability. We allowed baseline mortality rates to differ according to sex, race, Medicaid eligibility, and 5-year categories of age at study entry. To adjust for potential confounding, we also obtained 15 ZIP-Code or county-level variables from various sources and a regional dummy variable to account for compositional differences in PM_2.5 across the United States (Table 1, and Section 1 in the Supplementary Appendix). We conducted this same statistical analysis but restricted it to person-years with PM_2.5 exposures lower than 12 μg per cubic meter and ozone exposures lower than 50 ppb (low-exposure analysis) (Table 1, and Section 1 in the Supplementary Appendix).
To identify populations at a higher or lower pollution-associated risk of death from any cause, we refit the same two-pollutant Cox model for some subgroups (e.g., male vs. female, white vs. black, and Medicaid eligible vs. Medicaid ineligible). To estimate the concentration-response function of air pollution and mortality, we fit a log-linear model with a thin-plate spline of both PM_2.5 and ozone and controlled for all the individual and ecologic variables used in our main analysis model (Section 7 in the Supplementary Appendix). To examine the robustness of our results, we conducted sensitivity analyses and compared the extent to which estimates of risk changed with respect to differences in confounding adjustment and estimation approaches (Sections S2 through S4 in the Supplementary Appendix).
Data on some important individual-level co-variates were not available for the Medicare cohort, including data on smoking status, body-mass index (BMI), and income. We obtained data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS), a representative subsample of Medicare enrollees (133,964 records and 57,154 enrollees for the period 2000 through 2012), with individual-level data on smoking, BMI, income, and many other variables collected by means of telephone survey. Using MCBS data, we investigated how the lack of adjustment for these risk factors could have affected our calculated risk estimates in the Medicare cohort (Section 5 in the Supplementary Appendix). The computations in this article were run on the Odyssey cluster, which is supported by the FAS Division of Science, Research Computing Group, and on the Research Computing Environment, which is supported by the Institute for Quantitative Social Science in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, both at Harvard University. We used R software, version 3.3.2 (R Project for Statistical Computing), and SAS software, version 9.4 (SAS Institute).

Di Q., Wang Y., Zanobetti A., Wang Y., Koutrakis P., Choirat C., Dominici F, & Schwartz J.D. (2017). Air Pollution and Mortality in the Medicare Population. The New England journal of medicine, 376(26), 2513-2522.

Publication 2017

Air Pollution Cuboid Bone Eligibility Determination Environmental Pollutants Faculty Females Hypersensitivity Index, Body Mass Males Ozone

Modeling Global Risk Factor Exposures

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Publication 2012

Aerosols Age Groups Airborne Particulate Matter Asbestos Child Conferences Diarrhea Diet Disease, Chronic Extinction, Psychological Food Grid Cells Light Lung Cancer Malignant Neoplasms Malnutrition Mesothelioma Nicotiana tabacum Non-Smokers Occupational Exposure Ozone physiology Respiration Disorders Respiratory Rate Respiratory Tract Infections Serum Simulate composite resin Zinc

Short-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Mortality

We estimated the association between short-term exposure to PM_2.5 (adjusted by ozone) and short-term exposure to ozone (adjusted by PM_2.5), and all-cause mortality using a case-crossover design.^{8 (link)} Specifically, “case day” was defined as the date of death. For the same person, we compared daily air pollution exposure on the case day vs daily air pollution exposure on “control days.” Control days were chosen (1) on the same day of week as the case day to control for potential confounding effect by day of week; (2) before and after the case day (bidirectional sampling) to control for time trend;^{9 (link),10 (link)} and (3) only in the same month as the case day to control for seasonal and sub-seasonal patterns.^{9 (link),11 (link)} Individual-level covariates and zip code-level covariates that did not vary day-to-day (e.g., age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, smoking, and other behavioral risk factors) were not considered to be confounders as they remain constant when comparing case days vs control days.

Di Q., Dai L., Wang Y., Zanobetti A., Choirat C., Schwartz J.D, & Dominici F. (2017). Association of Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution with Mortality in Older Adults. JAMA, 318(24), 2446-2456.

Publication 2017

Air Pollution Ozone

Long-term Ozone Exposure Measurement

Ozone data were obtained from 1977 (5 years before the identification of the CPS II cohort) through 2000 for all air-pollution monitors in the study metropolitan areas from the EPA’s Aerometric Information Retrieval System. Ozone data at each monitoring site were collected on an hourly basis, and the daily maximum value for the site was determined. All available daily maximum values for the monitoring site were averaged over each quarter year. The quarterly average values were reported for each monitor only when at least 75% of daily observations for that quarter were available.
The averages of the second (April through June) and third (July through September) quarters were calculated for each monitor if both quarterly averages were available. The period from April through September was selected because ozone concentrations tend to be elevated during the warmer seasons and because fewer data were available for the cooler seasons.
The average of the second and third quarterly averages for each year was then computed for all the monitors within each metropolitan area to form a single annual time series of air-pollution measurements for each metropolitan area for the period from 1977 to 2000. In addition, a summary measure of long-term exposure to ambient warm-season ozone was defined as the average of annual time-series measurements during the entire period from 1977 to 2000. Individual measures of exposure to ozone were then defined by assigning the average for the metropolitan area to each cohort member residing in that area.
Data on exposure to PM_2.5 were also obtained from the Aerometric Information Retrieval System database for the 2-year period from 1999 to 2000 (data on PM_2.5 were not available before 1999 for most metropolitan areas).^{5 (link)} The average concentrations of PM_2.5 were included in our analyses to distinguish the effect of particulates from that of ozone on outcomes.

Jerrett M., Burnett R.T., Pope CA I.I.I., Ito K., Thurston G., Krewski D., Shi Y., Calle E, & Thun M. (2009). Long-Term Ozone Exposure and Mortality. The New England journal of medicine, 360(11), 1085-1095.

Publication 2009

Air Pollution Ozone

Most recents protocols related to «Ozone»

Indium Oxide Thin Film Deposition by ALD

Not available on PMC !

Example 1

InCl (1 eq.) was added to a Schlenk flask charged with LiCp(CH₂)₃NMe₂(11 mmol) in Et₂O (50 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. After filtration of the reaction mixture, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a red oil. After distillation a yellow liquid final product was collected (mp˜5° C.). Various measurements were done to the final product. ¹H NMR (C₆D₆, 400 MHz): δ 5.94 (t, 2H, Cp-H), 5.82 (t, 2H, Cp-H), 2.52 (t, 2H, N—CH₂—), 2.21 (t, 2H, Cp-CH₂—), 2.09 (s, 6H, N(CH₃)₂, 1.68 (q, 2H, C—CH₂—C). Thermogravimetric (TG) measurement was carried out under the following measurement conditions: sample weight: 22.35 mg, atmosphere: N₂at 1 atm, and rate of temperature increase: 10.0° C./min. 97.2% of the compound mass had evaporated up to 250° C. (Residue <2.8%). T (50%)=208° C. Vacuum TG measurement was carried out under delivery conditions, under the following measurement conditions: sample weight: 5.46 mg, atmosphere: N₂at 20 mbar, and rate of temperature increase: 10.0° C./min. TG measurement was carried out under delivery conditions into the reactor (about 20 mbar). 50% of the sample mass is evaporated at 111° C.

Using In(Cp(CH₂)₃NMe₂) synthesized in Example 1 as an indium precursor and H₂O and O₃as reaction gases, indium oxide film may be formed on a substrate by ALD method under the following deposition conditions. First step, a cylinder filled with In(Cp(CH₂)₃NMe₂) is heated to 90° C., bubbled with 100 sccm of N₂gas and the In(Cp(CH₂)₃NMe₂) is introduced into a reaction chamber (pulse A). Next step, O₃generated by an ozone generator is supplied with 50 sccm of N₂gas and introduced into the reaction chamber (pulse B). Following each step, a 4 second purge step using 200 sccm of N₂as a purge gas was performed to the reaction chamber. 200 cycles were performed on a Si substrate having a substrate temperature of 150° C. in the reaction chamber at a pressure of about 1 torr. As a result, an indium oxide film will be obtained at approximately 150° C.

Example 2

Same procedure as Example 1 started from Li(CpPiPr₂) was performed to synthesize In(CpPiPr₂). An orange liquid was obtained. ¹H NMR (C₆D₆, 400 MHz): δ 6.17 (t, 2H, Cp-H), 5.99 (t, 2H, Cp-H), 1.91 (sept, 2H, P—CH—), 1.20-1.00 (m, 12H, C—CH₃).

Using In(CpPiPr₂) synthesized in Example 2 as the indium precursor and H₂O and O₃as the reaction gases, indium oxide film may be formed on a substrate by the ALD method under the following deposition conditions. First step, a cylinder filled with In(CpPiPr₂) is heated to 90° C., bubbled with 100 sccm of N₂gas and the In(CpPiPr₂) is introduced into a reaction chamber (pulse A). Next step, O₃generated by an ozone generator is supplied with 50 sccm of N₂gas and introduced into the reaction chamber (pulse B). Following each step, a 4 second purge step using 200 sccm of N₂as a purge gas was performed to the reaction chamber. 200 cycles were performed on the Si substrate having a substrate temperature of 150° C. in an ALD chamber at a pressure of about 1 torr. As a result, an indium oxide was obtained at 150° C.

US11859283B2. Heteroalkylcyclopentadienyl indium-containing precursors and processes of using the same for deposition of indium-containing layers (2024-01-02). L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude [FR]. Inventors: Antoine Bruneau [FR], Takashi Ono [JP], Christian Dussarrat [JP].

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Patent 2024

1H NMR Atmosphere Distillation Fever Filtration Indium indium oxide Obstetric Delivery Ozone Pressure Pulse Rate Solvents Vacuum

Ozone Decontamination of Transit Vehicles

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Publication 2023

Decontamination Digitorenocerebral Syndrome Gases Humidity Ozone PPM 18 Staphylococcus aureus

Gaseous Ozone Decontamination of Bus Interiors

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Publication 2023

Clip Decontamination Gases myristoyl-L-methionine Ozone Staphylococcus aureus styrofoam

Ozone Decontamination Cycle Optimization

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Publication 2023

Decontamination Humidity Microbicides Ozone

Decontamination of Buses using Ozone and Humidification

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Publication 2023

Decontamination Gases myristoyl-L-methionine Ozone Staphylococcus aureus Ultrasonics

Top products related to «Ozone»

Sylgard 184 by Dow

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Sylgard 184 is a two-part silicone elastomer system. It is composed of a siloxane polymer and a curing agent. When mixed, the components crosslink to form a flexible, transparent, and durable silicone rubber. The core function of Sylgard 184 is to provide a versatile material for a wide range of applications, including molding, encapsulation, and coating.

Pluronic f 127 by Merck Group

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Pluronic F-127 is a non-ionic, tri-block copolymer composed of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO) segments. It is a widely used surfactant and emulsifying agent in various pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

Fibronectin by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, China, Canada, Austria, Switzerland, Macao, France, Italy, Australia, Ireland, India, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Argentina

Fibronectin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that plays a role in cell adhesion, growth, migration, and differentiation. It is a key component of the cellular microenvironment and is involved in various biological processes.

Jem 2100 by JEOL

Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, France

The JEM-2100 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) manufactured by JEOL. It is designed to provide high-quality imaging and analysis of a wide range of materials at the nanoscale level. The instrument is equipped with a LaB6 electron source and can operate at accelerating voltages up to 200 kV, allowing for the investigation of a variety of samples.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group

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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.

Acetone by Merck Group

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Acetone is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid. It is a common solvent used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Acetone has a high solvency power, making it useful for dissolving a wide range of organic compounds.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) by Merck Group

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Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a commonly used anionic detergent for various laboratory applications. It is a white, crystalline powder that has the ability to denature proteins by disrupting non-covalent bonds. SDS is widely used in biochemical and molecular biology techniques, such as protein electrophoresis, Western blotting, and cell lysis.

Methanol by Merck Group

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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.

Toluene by Merck Group

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Toluene is a colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive aromatic odor. It is a common organic solvent used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Toluene has a chemical formula of C6H5CH3 and is derived from the distillation of petroleum.

Streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific

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Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.

More about "Ozone"

Ozone (O₃) is a highly reactive gas that plays a crucial role in the Earth's atmosphere.
This colorless, odorless substance is a key component of the ozone layer, which shields the planet from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Ozone is naturally produced through a series of photochemical reactions involving oxygen molecules and UV light.
Beyond its atmospheric importance, ozone has numerous applications in various industries.
It is commonly used for water and air purification, disinfection, and even medical treatments.
Ozone's powerful oxidizing properties make it effective at eliminating contaminants, pathogens, and odors in water and air.
In the field of scientific research, ozone is a subject of great interest.
Researchers are constantly exploring its environmental impact, potential applications, and the development of ozone-related products and methodologies.
This research often involves the use of other chemical compounds and materials, such as Sylgard 184 (a silicone elastomer), Pluronic F-127 (a non-ionic surfactant), Fibronectin (an extracellular matrix protein), JEM-2100 (a transmission electron microscope), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), Acetone, Sodium dodecyl sulfate, Methanol, Toluene, and Streptomycin (an antibiotic).
Understanding the properties, behavior, and applications of ozone is crucial for addressing environmental challenges, improving public health, and advancing scientific knowledge.
The insights gained from ozone research can lead to the development of innovative ozone-based technologies and the optimization of existing ozone-related products and methodologies.