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Acrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile is a colorless, flammable liquid with a pungent odor.
It is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and rubbers.
Exposure to acrylonitrile can occur through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion, and it has been shown to have toxic and carcinogenic effects.
Researchers studying acrylonitrile can leverage the power of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven tool that helps efficiently locate optimal protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
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Most cited protocols related to «Acrylonitrile»

To facilitate the study of the inter-scanner variability of quantitative image features, we developed the CCR phantom, Figure 1(a). The phantom comprises 10 cartridges, each 10.1×10.1×3.2 cm3, with an acrylic case. The cartridge materials were chosen to produce a wide range of radiomics feature values when scanned, ideally spanning the range of feature values found in human tissue, particularly NSCLC tumors. The first four cartridges composed of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic and were fabricated using a MakerBot® Replicator 2 3D (MakerBot Industries, LLC Brooklyn, NY) printer. These four cartridges are filed with honeycomb patterns of ABS plastic with air-filled holes of sizes of approximately 6.0, 1.4, 1.0, and 0.9 mm, making the materials 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% filled, respectively. A block of sycamore wood provided a natural, directional texture. Two cartridges were composed of cork, one standard and one high density. The eighth cartridge, composed of rubber from shredded tires with a proprietary bonding agent (Ecoborder, Tampa, FL), had a density of 0.93 g/cm3 and a speckled texture. The ninth cartridge, a solid block of zp® 150 power bonded with Colorbond™ (3D Systems, Inc. Rock Hill, SC) bonding agent, had the highest average density, 1.5 g/cm3, and a barely visible texture corresponding to the pattern the 3D printer used when it sprayed the bonding resin on the powder. The last cartridge was solid polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic) with a density of 1.1 g/cm3 and very little texture. The textures of the CCR phantom cartridges are shown in Figure 2.
Publication 2015
1,3-butadiene Acrylonitrile Homo sapiens Neoplasms Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Polymethyl Methacrylate Powder Resins, Plant Rubber Styrene Tissues
Male Sprague Dawley rats at approximately 16-weeks of age (N=100) (Charles River Laboratories; Malvern, PA) received two weeks of treadmill training (up to 60 minutes at 10m/min (approximately 13% of the speed that rats begin to gallop21 (link)) in this IACUC approved study (Figure 1). Animals were housed in a conventional facility with 12 hour light/dark cycles and were fed standard chow and provided water ad libitum. All animals underwent surgery using sterile techniques, consisting of anesthesia (Isoflurane), blunt transection of the right Achilles tendon midsubstance with resection of the central plantaris longus tendon, and subsequent randomization into repaired (n=50) and non-repaired (n=50) groups. Prior to surgery, animals were given a single dose of buprenorphine (0.08 ml, 0.3mg/ml), which was repeated at 12-hour intervals through the third day post-surgery. Repairs were performed with the Urbaniak variant of the Kessler repair (Figure 1A),22 (link) using 4-0 Tevdek suture (braided polyester with a PTFE coating) (Teleflex; Gurnee, IL). Following surgery, animal groups were randomized into two groups euthanized (10 minutes in CO2 chamber) 3-weeks post injury (n=25 each): animals that returned to activity after 1-week post injury (RTA1; 1 week of immobilization, followed by 1 week cage of activity, and 1 week of exercise) or animals that returned to activity 3-weeks post injury (RTA3; 3 weeks immobilization). Immobilization consisted of casting the leg from below the knee to the toes in a fully plantarflexed position. Casts were constructed with silk tape stirrups (3M; St. Paul, MN), webril padding (Hanna Pharmaceutical; Wilmington, DE), a custom-designed 3-D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) splint (0.1cm × 1cm × 2cm) (MakerBot Industries, LLC; Brooklyn, NY), CoFlex (Andover Healthcare; Salisbury, MA), and poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) (Patterson Dental; St. Paul, MN) (Figure-S1). Briefly, under general isoflurane anesthesia, stirrups were applied on either side of the limb. Next, a layer of webril cast padding was wrapped from the base of the toes to the mid-tibia. The splint was then positioned posterior to the heel, and secured with a layer of CoFlex. Stirrup tails were then placed over the CoFlex to secure the cast to the limb, followed by a second layer of CoFlex and a thin coating of PMMA to prevent chewing. Throughout immobilization periods, animals were checked daily to confirm casts remained in place and that limb circulation was visually maintained. Casts were replaced weekly while animals were under general anesthesia or as needed between regular changes, using an oscillating cast saw (HEBU Medical; Germany) for removal.
Publication 2016
1,3-butadiene Acrylonitrile Anesthesia Animals Buprenorphine CAGE1 protein, human CD3EAP protein, human Dental Health Services General Anesthesia Heel Immobilization Injuries Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Isoflurane Knee Males Operative Surgical Procedures Pharmaceutical Preparations Plantaris Muscle Polyesters Polymethyl Methacrylate Polytetrafluoroethylene Rats, Sprague-Dawley Rattus norvegicus Rivers Silk Splints Stapes Sterility, Reproductive Styrene Sutures Tail Tendon, Achilles Tendons Tenotomy TEVDEK Tibia Toes Wound Healing
Given that large-scale recordings of neural activity rely on precise positioning of many electrodes, we designed the flexDrive around a method that allow the experimenter to arrange electrodes in a variety of patterns. In our design, electrodes are positioned by an array of flexible polyimide tubes. By placing individual guide tube arrays at different locations within the drive body, multiple brain regions can be targeted precisely. This control gives researchers the ability to adapt the design to fit their specific experimental needs, such as recording from elongated but narrow target regions (or from bilateral targets) with a single implant (Figures 2A,C).
The array of guide tubes is assembled by building up layers of polyimide tubes and fixing them with cyanoacrylate glue (see Supplementary Material). Electrodes can either be layered in an offset pattern with each layer resting in the grooves of the preceding layer, resulting in a “honeycomb” type pattern, or layered with no offset giving a rectangular pattern (Figure 2C). Alternatively, arranging the guide tubes within a larger guide cannula can make this process faster, but sacrifices some flexibility. By using only a subset of the guide tubes to hold electrodes, or by introducing placeholders and optical fibers into the array, any spatial pattern of electrode and optical fiber positions can be fabricated with high repeatability and precision. The electrodes are free to move laterally within the guide tubes. Such laterally flexible anchoring of electrodes has been shown to decrease adverse tissue reactions (Biran et al., 2007 (link)).
The closest lateral spacing between electrodes that can be accomplished with this method is dictated by the outer diameter of the guide tubes. We recommend a distance of ~250 μm or larger for the guide tubes (using 33 gauge), but higher densities of ~125 μm are possible by using smaller diameter guide tubes. However, tests conducted with dense electrode arrays of pitches of 125 μm failed to yield usable recordings, possibly due to an increased inflammatory response.
The array of guide tubes is attached to a plastic drive body (Figures 1A, 2A) that is manufactured from an Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)-like material using stereolitography (Accura55 American Precision Prototyping, proprietary material). This drive body supports all components of the drive and facilitates fast and precise assembly. While most components are eventually fixed with an epoxy glue, the design features “snap-fit” grooves, facilitating the alignment of the guide tubes and the spring. By customizing the locations of the guide tubes in the drive body Computer aided design (CAD) file, precise targeting of separate recording sites are readily achieved.
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Publication 2013
1,3-butadiene Acrylonitrile Brain Cannula Cyanoacrylates Epoxy Resins Human Body Inflammation Nervousness Styrene Tissues
Each coil consists of two parts; a deep posterior segment, covering and a separate “frontal paddle” over the forehead (Fig. 1). The larger posterior section is designed, so the child can lie down into the coil (Fig. 2), rather than a helmet design, which must be pulled down over the head. The eyes and face are completely unobstructed to increase comfort and facilitate visual stimulation for functional studies or anesthesia ventilation if needed. The different helmet sizes were obtained from the surface contours of aligned three-dimensional MRI scans from 20 children of both sexes in each age group. The helmet shape was taken by dilating the 95th percentile contour to accommodate 3-mm foam padding. The final design of the helmet parts were printed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic using a rapid prototyping three-dimensional printer (Dimension SST 1200es, Dimension, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN, USA). The posterior segment of the coil was mounted in a custom-made plastic housing to cover all electronic components and fit the head-end of the scanner’s patient bed.
The statistically obtained head contours were also used to print sized-matched head-shaped phantoms based on the 50% size contour. These phantoms were placed in the tightly fitted coil arrays and were used for coil adjustments at the bench, as well as for imaging evaluations in the MRI scanner.
Publication 2011
1,3-butadiene Acrylonitrile Age Groups Anesthesia Child Eye Face Forehead Gender Head MRI Scans Patients Photic Stimulation Styrene
Five patient-specific silicone models of coronary artery bifurcations (Supplementary Information Table S1) were created, using our in-house developed technique. The bifurcation geometries were 3D reconstructed from human coronary angiograms during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle, using commercially available software (3D CAAS Workstation 8.2, Pie medical imaging, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Fig. 1a). To demarcate the region of interest and stabilize the silicone models during the imaging procedures, tube-like extensions and fixed markers were added at the inlet and outlet of the reconstructed bifurcations using a computer-aided design software (Rhinoceros 6, Robert McNeel & Associates, Seattle, USA). For every model, a negative mold was designed and converted to stereolithography (STL) file. The STL file was 3D printed with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene material using the Stratasys Dimension Elite 3D printer (Stratasys, Rehovot, Israel) at a resolution of 178 μm. Acetone vapor was used to produce a smooth inner surface. The molds were stored in room temperature for 8–12 hours and cleaned with distilled water and dried. Polydimethylsiloxane was mixed with its curing agent and then placed into a vacuum for a total of 1 h and 30 min to remove the air bubbles. Subsequently, polydimethylsiloxane was poured into the dry clean molds, which were placed in the vacuum to remove any remaining air bubbles and then put in the oven for polydimethylsiloxane curing for 48 h at the temperature of 65 °C. After curing, the silicone models were put in an acetone beaker, which was placed in an ultrasonic cleaner (Branson 1800, Cleanosonic, Richmond, USA) for 8–10 h to dissolve all acrylonitrile butadiene styrene material.

Patient-specific silicone bifurcation models and bioreactor flow circuit. (a) Generation of the silicone bifurcation model and a representative example with the fixed markers (black boxes) at the distal and proximal end, (b) Bioreactor flow circuit showing the angiographic image of the bifurcation model in the flow chamber.

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Publication 2020
1,3-butadiene Acetone Acrylonitrile Angiography Artery, Coronary Bioreactors Coronary Angiography Diastole Fungus, Filamentous Heart Homo sapiens Patients polydimethylsiloxane Silicones Stereolithography Styrene Ultrasonics Vacuum

Most recents protocols related to «Acrylonitrile»

Example 2

A dispersion comprising 242 parts of water, 30.7 parts of 50 wt. % surface-modified colloidal silica (Bindzil, 80 m2/g, particle size 32 nm surface-modified with 50% propylsilyl/50% glycerolpropylsilyl) was prepared and maintained at a pH of about 4.5. The aqueous dispersion was mixed with an organic phase that contained 2.0 parts of dilauroyl peroxide, 27 parts of isopentane and 0.3 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. Acrylonitrile (AN) and α-methylene-γ-valerolactone (MVL) were added in the amounts as indicated in Table 1. Polymerization was performed at 62° C. in a sealed reactor under agitation during 20 hours. After cooling to room temperature a sample of the obtained microsphere slurry was removed for determination of the particle size distribution. After filtration, washing and drying the particles were analyzed by TMA. The dry particles contained about 19 wt. % of isopentane. The TMA-results and particle sizes are found in Table 1.

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Patent 2024
Acrylonitrile carbene Filtration gamma-valerolactone isopentane Microspheres Peroxides Polymerization Silicon Dioxide trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate

Example 7

A reaction mixture containing Mg(OH)2-stabilised organic droplets in water was created by mixing the phases and stirring vigorously until a suitable droplet size had been achieved. The water dispersion contained 6.5 parts of Mg(OH)2 and 221 parts of water. The organic droplets contained 0.52 parts of di(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, 34 parts of isopentane and 0.3 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. Acrylonitrile (AN), α-methylene-γ-valerolactone (MVL) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were added in the amounts as indicated in Table 2 in parts per weight. Polymerization was performed in a sealed reactor under agitation at 56° C. during 6 hours followed by 62° C. during 5 hours. After cooling to room temperature a sample of the obtained microsphere slurry was removed for determination of the particle size distribution. After filtration, washing and drying the particles were analyzed by TMA. The dry particles contained about 25 wt. % of isopentane and had a median particle size of about 26 μm. The TMA-results are found in Table 2.

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Patent 2024
Acrylonitrile carbene Filtration gamma-valerolactone isopentane Methylmethacrylate Microspheres Polymerization TERT protein, human trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate
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Example 25

A dispersion comprising 246 parts of water, 26.8 parts of 50 wt. % surface-modified colloidal silica (Levasil, particle size 60 nm surface-modified with 40% propylsilyl/60% glycerolpropylsilyl) was prepared and maintained at a pH of approx. 4.5. The aqueous dispersion was mixed with an organic phase that contained 2.0 parts of dilauroyl peroxide, 27 parts of isopentane and 0.3 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. Acrylonitrile (AN) and α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MBL) were added in the amounts as indicated in Table 5. Polymerization was performed at 62° C. in a sealed reactor under agitation during 20 hours. After cooling to room temperature a sample of the obtained microsphere slurry was removed for determination of the particle size distribution. After filtration, washing and drying the particles were analysed by TMA. The dry particles contained about 17 wt. % of isopentane. The TMA-results and particle sizes are found in Table 5.

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Patent 2024
4-Butyrolactone Acrylonitrile carbene Filtration isopentane Microspheres Peroxides Polymerization Silicon Dioxide trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate

Example 1

A reaction mixture containing Mg(OH)2-stabilised organic droplets in water was created by mixing the phases and stirring vigorously until a suitable droplet size had been achieved. The water dispersion contained 3.4 parts of Mg(OH)2 and 284 parts of water. The organic droplets contained 2.0 parts of dilauroyl peroxide, 27 parts of isopentane and 0.3 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. Acrylonitrile (AN) and α-methylene-γ-valerolactone (MVL) were added in the amounts as indicated in Table 1 in parts per weight. Polymerization was performed at 62° C. in a sealed reactor under agitation during 20 hours. After cooling to room temperature a sample of the obtained microsphere slurry was removed for determination of the particle size distribution. After filtration, washing and drying the particles were analyzed by TMA. The dry particles contained about 27 wt. % of isopentane and had a median particle size of about 74 μm. The TMA-results are found in Table 1.

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Patent 2024
Acrylonitrile carbene Filtration gamma-valerolactone isopentane Microspheres Peroxides Polymerization trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate
The phantom molder was made using 3D-printing materials. The molder should be strong enough to avoid leakage of silicone, withstand the expansion force of silicone, and produce the chest CT axial phase of an actual adult. Therefore, robust and economical acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material of fused deposition modeling (FDM) was selected and printed by Stratasys Fortus 900MC23 (link). In addition, the heart model reflected the shape of a real heart using flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material of FDM (Ultimaker S5, Ultimaker) regardless of HU. The spine and rib were printed using polylactic acid materials of hydrophilic FDM (Ultimaker S5, Ultimaker) for HU implementation. Then, it was immersed in the contrast medium (Ultravist 370 mg I/mL; Bayer Healthcare, Berlin, Germany) for 48 h so that the printed material could absorb the contrast medium.
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Publication 2023
1,3-butadiene Acrylonitrile Adult Chest Contrast Media Heart poly(lactic acid) Polyurethanes Silicones Styrene Ultravist Vertebral Column

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Acrylonitrile is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound. It is used as a raw material in the production of various synthetic polymers, including acrylic fibers, plastics, and rubbers.
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More about "Acrylonitrile"

Vinyl cyanide, Propenenitrile, CAS No. 107-13-1, Acrylic fibers, Acrylic resins, Nitrile rubber, Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Sylgard 184, SolidWorks, Fusion 360, Sodium hydroxide, Dimension Elite, DL920, MRF #38