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Aniline

Aniline is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H7N.
It is a colorless to slightly brownish liquid with a distinctive, slightly unpleasant odor.
Aniline is used in the production of a variety of industrial chemicals, including dyes, pesticides, and rubber products.
It can also be used as a precursor in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals.
Aniline is considered a hazardous substance due to its toxicity and potential carcinogenic effects, and appropriate safety measures should be taken when handling it.

Most cited protocols related to «Aniline»

RNA (miRNA) was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. We assessed slides and tumor blocks that were prepared over the duration of the study prior to the time of miRNA isolation to determine their suitability. The study pathologist (WS) reviewed slides to delineate tumor, normal, and polyp tissue. Cells were dissected from 1–4 sequential sections on aniline blue stained slides using an H&E slide for reference. Total RNA containing miRNA was extracted, isolated, and purified using the RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid isolation kit (Ambion), RNA yields were determined using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer. 100 ng total RNA was labeled with cy3 and hybridized to Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0 and were scanned on an Agilent SureScan microarray scanner model G2600D. The Agilent Human microarray was generated using known miRNA sequence information compiled in the Sanger miRBASE database v19.0. The microarray contains probes for 2006 unique human miRNAs, with one to four unique probes for each of the known miRNAs. The miRNA array contains 60,000 unique human sequences and averages 30 replicates per probe sequence. Data were extracted from the scanned image using Agilent Feature Extract software v.11.5.1.1. Data were required to pass stringent QC parameters established by Agilent that included tests for excessive background fluorescence, excessive variation among probe sequence replicates on the array, and measures of the total gene signal on the array to assess low signal. If samples failed to meet quality standards for any of these parameters, the sample was re-labeled, hybridized to arrays, and scanned. If a sample failed QC assessment a second time the sample was deemed to be of poor quality and the individual was excluded from down-stream analysis. Of the 1171 initial cases, 30 were excluded at this stage. A quantile normalization across arrays was done using preprocessCore11 (www.bioconductor.org) to minimize differences that could be attributed to the array, amount of RNA, location on array, or other factors that could erroneously influence expression.
We refer to miRNAs using standard nomenclature used in the miRBase database12 (link). Briefly, the first three letters signifies the organism, followed by a unique number. The number is followed by a dash and number (i.e., 1) if more than one loci codes for the miRNA. A lettered suffix denotes closely related miRNAs. If two miRNAs are coded by the same precursor product then the minor product is assigned the suffix (*). If predominant/minor product status is not known then the suffix 5p and 3p are used to denote 5′ and 3′ arm respectively. Many of the miRNAs being replicated in this study were reported prior to current nomenclature. For instance, let-7 may be reported in the literature as being associated with tumor stage, however Let-7 has since been further delineated to several closely related mature sequences and genomic loci, for example let-7a-3p, let-7a-5p, and let-7b-3p. A complete list of the 121 miRNAs previously reported with stage and/or survivals that are being evaluated in this replication is included in Supplemental Table 1.
Publication 2014
A 121 aniline blue Cells DNA Replication Fluorescence Formalin Genes Genetic Diversity Genome Homo sapiens isolation Microarray Analysis MicroRNAs Neoplasms Nucleic Acids Paraffin Embedding Pathologists Polyps Tissues
Enzymatically depolymerized GAG preparations were differentially mass labeled by reductive amination with [12C6]aniline as previously described13 (link). Briefly, HS and CS disaccharides (1–10 pmoles) were dried down in a centrifugal evaporator and reacted with [12C6]aniline or [13C6]aniline (15 µl, 165 µmol) and 15 µl of 1 M NaCNBH3 (Sigma-Aldrich) freshly prepared in dimethylsulfoxide:acetic acid (7:3, v/v) was added to each sample. Reactions were carried out at 65 °C for 4 h or alternatively at 37 °C for 16 h and then dried in a centrifugal evaporator. Unsubstituted amines were reacted with propionic anhydride (Sigma-Aldrich). Dried samples were reconstituted in 20 µl of 50% methanol and 3 µl of propionic anhydride (Sigma-Aldrich, 23.3 µmol) was added. Reactions were carried out at room temperature for 2 h. Acylated disaccharides were subsequently aniline-tagged as described above. Each sample was mixed with commercially available standard unsaturated disaccharides (Seikagaku), standard N-sulfoglucosamine, glucosamine-6-sulfate, N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate and N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate (Sigma-Aldrich), and/or β-d-idopyranosyluronate)-(1→4)-(2-N-acetyl-2-deoxy-α/β-d-glucopyranoside (I0S0) that was synthesized (Compound 7, Supplementary Methods). All standards were tagged with [13C6]aniline (Sigma/Aldrich). Samples were then analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using an LTQ Orbitrap Discovery electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific) equipped with quaternary high-performance liquid chromatography pump (Finnigan Surveyor MS pump) and a reverse-phase capillary column as previously described13 (link).
Publication 2011
Acetic Acid Amination Amines aniline Capillaries Disaccharides High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Methanol N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfate oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)- propionic anhydride Sulfate, Glucosamine Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue. We assessed slides and carcinoma blocks that were prepared over the duration of the study prior to the time of miRNA isolation to determine their suitability. The study pathologist (W.S.) reviewed slides to delineate carcinoma, normal, and adenoma tissue. Normal tissue adjacent to the carcinoma tissue was used. Cells were dissected from 1 to 4 sequential sections on aniline blue stained slides using an H&E slide for reference. Total RNA containing miRNA was extracted, isolated and purified using the RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid isolation kit (Ambion), RNA yields were determined using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer.
The Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0 was used given the number of miRNAs, its high level of reliability and the amount of RNA needed to run the platform. The microarray contains probes for 2006 unique human miRNAs. The miRNA array contains on average 30 replicates per probe sequence for a total of 60 000 unique features. The Agilent Human microarray was generated using known miRNA sequence information compiled in the Sanger miRBASE database v19.0. About 100ng total RNA was labeled with Cy3 and hybridized to the Agilent Microarray and were scanned on an Agilent SureScan microarray scanner model G2600D. Data were extracted from the scanned image using Agilent Feature Extract software v.11.5.1.1. Data were required to pass stringent QC parameters established by Agilent that included tests for excessive background fluorescence, excessive variation among probe sequence replicates on the array, and measures of the total gene signal on the array to assess low signal. If samples failed to meet quality standards for any of these parameters, the sample was re-labeled, hybridized to arrays and scanned. If a sample failed QC assessment a second time the sample was deemed to be of poor quality and the individual was excluded from downstream analysis. To test for reliability of the Agilent Microarray over time, we repeated 13 samples (8 carcinoma and 5 matched normal), taking samples that had scans run over the course of the study.
We ran the NanoString Platform on 30 samples that had both carcinoma and normal Agilent Microarray data using RNA from the same prep that was used on the Agilent Microarray. Of these 30 samples analyzed with NanoString, we repeated five-matched carcinoma/normal paired samples to determine reliability of the platform.
Publication 2016
Adenoma aniline blue Carcinoma Cells Fluorescence Formalin Genes Genetic Diversity Homo sapiens isolation Microarray Analysis MicroRNAs Nucleic Acids Paraffin Embedding Pathologists Radionuclide Imaging Tissues
Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) propagation and inoculation were performed as described6 ,22 (link). Ten-day-old plants were inoculated with the asexual spores suspension (5 × 105 spores per ml) of Hpa. Unless specified, the Hpa infection was always performed at dawn of the growth chamber’s photoperiod. Hpa Emwa1-inoculated samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 2 and 4 days post inoculation (dpi). ATH1 GeneChip (Affymetrix) was used for microarray. The arrays were normalized and analysed as described previously23 (link). Disease phenotypes were scored after trypan blue staining at 7 dpi24 (link). Significance of the phenotypic scores was determined based on binomial distribution. Disease phenotypic analysis was performed using hierarchical clustering with distance measured by the standard correlation (average linkage; scale 0–1). The significance of the clustering (bootstrap 100,000 times) was measured by the approximately unbiased P-values (0–100%, the higher the number the more significant25 (link)). Callose deposition was detected after aniline blue staining26 (link). Accumulation of phenolic compounds was examined under ultraviolet illumination (Leica). Root length and fresh weight assays for elf18 sensitivity were performed as described previously9 (link). The evening element enrichment was determined based on hypergeometric distribution. Samples for RASL-seq were prepared according to ref. 19 (link). Non-negative matrix factorization algorithm was used to cluster the genes20 (link). RNA extraction was performed as described previously27 (link). cDNA synthesis (Superscript III, Invitrogen) and quantitative PCR (SYBR Green, Qiagen) were performed according to the manufacturer’s protocols. For Pseudomonas infection, 4-week-old plants were inoculated with 10 mM MgCl2 or Pseudomonas syringae maculicola ES4326 with or without the effector AvrRpt2 (OD600=0.001). The in planta bacterial growth was measured at 3 dpi. For diurnal luciferase measurement, protein was extracted and bioluminescence intensity was measured using the Luciferase Assay System (Promega) according to manufacturer’s protocol. Ten-day-old plate-grown plants were used for free-running test (details in Methods).
Full Methods and any associated references are available in the online version of the paper at www.nature.com/nature.
Publication 2011
Anabolism aniline blue Bacteria Biological Assay callose DNA, Complementary Gene Chips Hypersensitivity Infection Luciferases Magnesium Chloride Microarray Analysis Phenotype Plant Roots Plants Promega Proteins Pseudomonas Infections Pseudomonas syringae Spores SYBR Green I Trypan Blue Ultraviolet Rays Vaccination
For spray inoculation, conidial suspension (10 ml) containing Tween 20 (250 ppm) and conidia harvested from 12-day-old cultures on OMA plate (1–5×105 conidia/ml) was sprayed onto four-weeks old susceptible rice seedlings (Oryza sativa cv. Nakdongbyeo). Inoculated plants were placed in a dew chamber at 25°C for 24 hours in the dark, and then transferred back to the growth chamber with a photoperiod of 16 hours using fluorescent lights [74] . Disease severity was assessed at seven days after inoculation. The %DLA was recorded to permit more accurate evaluation of the virulence of the mutants. Photographs of diseased rice leaves including eight centimeter long leaf blades were taken. The number of pixels under lesion areas and healthy areas of diseased leaves was calculated by Axiovision image analyzer with the photographs. For microscopic observation of penetration and infectious growth on rice tissue, excised rice leaf sheath of Nakdongbyeo were prepared as previously described [30] (link),[42] and inoculated by conidia suspension (1×104 conidia/ml) on the adaxial surface. After 24, 48 and 96 hours incubation in a moistened box, the sheaths were trimmed to remove chlorophyll enriched plant parts. Remaining epidermal layer of mid vein (three to four cell layers thick) were utilized for microscopic observations. Inoculation on onion epidermis was performed as previously described [75] (link). Fixation and aniline blue staining of rice sheath and onion epidermis were performed as previously described [75] (link). Samples were incubated in lactophenol at room temperature for 1hour and directly mounted with 70% glycerin or transferred into 0.01% aniline blue for 1hour and destained with lactophenol. For 3, 3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB, Sigma, D-8001) staining, samples were incubated in 1mg/ml DAB solution (pH 3.8) at room temperature for 8 hours and destained with clearing solution (ethanol∶acetic acid = 94∶4, v/v) for 1 hour. For observation and scoring penetration rate and IH development, conidia suspension were dropped on onion epidermis and incubated for 72 hours in moistened culture plate. Samples were fixed and stained as rice sheath described above. Extensive IH from single appressoria with no (or scatterd) callose were scored as normal IH, relative short and attenuated IH with accumulated callose were scored as retarded IH, appressorium developing very short IH or penetration peg with strong callose were scored as blocked IH, and appressorium without IH and callose deposition were scored no penetration.
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Publication 2009
Acetic Acid Allium cepa aniline blue callose Cells Chlorophyll Conidia Epidermis Ethanol Glycerin Infection Light Microscopy Oryza sativa Plant Leaves Plants Seedlings Tissues Tween 20 Vaccination Veins Virulence

Most recents protocols related to «Aniline»

Aniline blue solution is prepared before use via mixing 0.1% Aniline blue (Sigma-Aldrich)-water solution with 1 M glycerol solution in a ratio of 2:3. The mixture was infiltrated into N. benthamiana leaves by using a 1 mL needle-free syringe. Thirty minutes later, Aniline blue fluorescence was observed under confocal microscope.
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Publication 2024
For aniline blue staining, the maize leaves were bleached using ethanol until the samples were transparent. Next, 150 mM K2HPO4 was vacuum infiltrated in the leaves to replace the extra ethanol three times every 10 min. After removing the buffer, samples were covered with 0.01% aniline blue solution (w/v in 150 mM K2HPO4) at room temperature and maintained in the dark for 2 h. Confocal microscopy (Leica, Germany) was carried out with DAPI channel (Emission 490–520 nm).
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Publication 2024
Aniline blue staining was carried out to explore pollen germination according to previous descriptions [60 (link)], with slight modifications. After 24 h of hand pollination, pistils were fixed overnight in Carnoy’s fixative solution. Fixed pistils were washed with PBS buffer three times for 20 min each time and treated with 5 M NaOH solution for 24 h. Then, the samples were rewashed with PBS buffer three times and stained with 0.1% aniline blue for 4 h under dark conditions. The stained pistils were observed using a TCS SP8 confocal laser microscope (Leica) for fluorescence observation. The fluorescence was excited using a 405 nm laser.
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Publication 2024
The visualization of growing PTs with aniline blue staining utilizes the ability of this fluorochrome to bind to the callose contained in the pollen grain wall and PTs.
The pollinated pistils fixed in acetic alcohol (90% ethanol and acetic acid, 3 : 1) were used in the experiments. Pistils were macerated in 20% KOH alcohol solution for 20–40 min, washed twice with distilled water, and stained with 0.01% aniline blue solution for 30–40 min. The stained pistils were placed into a drop of glycerin mixed with water (1 : 1) on a glass slide, covered with a cover glass, gently squashed, and examined using a Zeiss Axioplan (Carl Zeiss, Germany) fluorescence microscope with 365 nm excitation filter and 420 nm emission filter. At least 200 PTs were examined in each variant of the experiment.
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Publication 2024
The preparation of the targeted nanocomposite (12) has been reported elsewhere [25 (link)]. The synthesis of (12) in this work was performed in the presence of safranin dye (1). In brief, aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid (5) (12.65 g, 0.05 mol), aniline (7) (2.00 g, 0.0215 mol), safranin (1) (1 g, 0.0028 mol), and ascorbic acid (9) (2.00 g, 0.011 mol) were added to an aqueous 10% HCl (500 ml) solution, followed by the slow addition of ammonium persulfate (15.0 g, 0.0657 mol). A colour change pattern was clearly observed during the polymerization of the copolymer mixture (10). Without isolation, silver-doped silica (4) (0.5 g) was added to the mixture, and stirring was continued for an additional 10 h. Polymerization was stopped by the addition of CH3OH (50 ml), and the precipitate (12) was generated as reported previously [25 (link)]. The process of in situ preparation of poly(aniline-co-aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid)/L-ascorbic acid/ Ag@SiO2/ polysafranin nanocomposite (12) is depicted in Fig. 2. IR (KBr pellets, υ cm-1) bands were observed at υ 3479, 3466, 3458, 3437, 3401, 3373, 3305, 3296, 3262, 3255, 3099, 2926, 2855, 1699, 1639, 1607, 1578, 1498, 1410, 1301, 1231, 1155, 1096, 1043, 1015, 881, 817, 802, 758, 704, 665, 631, 598, 587, 577, 568, 560, 539, 506, 465, 459, and 454. Calc. for C58H57N12S3O12: (1282.3); C, 54.23; H, 4.47; N, 13.08; S, 4.99; Found: C, 54.64; H, 5.58; N, 7.65; S, 5.05.

In situ preparation of poly(aniline-co-aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid)/L-ascorbic acid/Ag@SiO2/polysafranin nanocomposite (12)

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Publication 2024

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Aniline is a chemical compound that serves as a raw material for the production of various other chemicals and materials. It is a colorless to pale-yellow liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant odor. Aniline is used as a precursor in the synthesis of a wide range of other organic compounds, including dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals.
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Aniline blue is a synthetic dye used as a staining agent in various laboratory applications. It is a deep blue or purple colored powder that is soluble in water. Aniline blue is commonly used to stain nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and other biological structures for visualization and analysis purposes.
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Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
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Ammonium persulfate is a white crystalline chemical compound that is commonly used as an initiator in various chemical reactions, particularly in the field of polymerization. It serves as an oxidizing agent and is known for its ability to generate free radicals, which are essential for initiating and accelerating polymerization processes.
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Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
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Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
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Aniline is a chemical compound that is used as a laboratory reagent. It is a colorless to pale-yellow liquid with a characteristic amine odor. Aniline serves as a precursor for the synthesis of various organic compounds and is commonly used in chemical analysis and research applications.
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Aniline is a colorless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5NH2. It is the simplest aromatic amine and serves as a precursor to a variety of other organic compounds. Aniline has a wide range of industrial applications, including the production of dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals.
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Sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive, colorless, and dense liquid chemical compound. It is widely used in various industrial processes and laboratory settings due to its strong oxidizing properties and ability to act as a dehydrating agent.

More about "Aniline"

Aniline is a versatile organic compound with the chemical formula C6H7N.
It is a colorless to slightly brownish liquid with a distinctive, slightly unpleasant odor.
Aniline, also known as aminobenzene or phenylamine, is widely used in the production of a variety of industrial chemicals, including dyes, pesticides, and rubber products.
It can also serve as a precursor in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals.
Aniline is considered a hazardous substance due to its toxicity and potential carcinogenic effects, so appropriate safety measures must be taken when handling it.
Aniline blue, a dye derived from aniline, is commonly used in histology and microscopy applications.
Other related chemicals like hydrochloric acid, ammonium persulfate, sodium hydroxide, ethanol, methanol, and sulfuric acid may be used in processes involving aniline.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tools can help researchers optimize their aniline assays by identifying the most reproducible and accurate procedures from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
This can enhance research by leveraging the power of AI-assisted protocol analysis.