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Arsenic

Q: What are the different forms of arsenic?

Arsenic can exist in several different forms, including inorganic arsenic (such as arsenic trioxide and sodium arsenate) and organic arsenic (such as arsenobetaine and arsenocholine). The specific form of arsenic is important, as it can affect its toxicity and how it is metabolized in the body.

Q: How does arsenic exposure occur?

Arsenic exposure can occur through drinking contaminated water, ingesting arsenic-containing foods, or breathing in arsenic-containing dust or fumes. Arsenic can also be found in soil and can accumulate in certain plants and animals, leading to dietary exposure.

Q: What are the health effects of arsenic exposure?

Arsenic exposure has been linked to a variety of health effects, including cancer (particularly of the skin, bladder, and lungs), neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease, and developmental issues. The specific health effects can depend on the dose, duration, and form of arsenic exposure.

Q: What are some common applications of arsenic?

Despite its toxicity, arsenic has some useful applications, such as in the production of certain semiconductors, glass, and wood preservatives. However, the use of arsenic in these applications is closely regulated due to the health and environmental concerns associated with the element.

Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid element that is widely distributed in the Earth's crust.
It is known for its toxicity and has been associated with various health effects, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disease.
Arsenic can be found in soil, water, and air, and exposure can occur through drinking contaminated water, ingesting contaminated food, or breathing in arsenic-containing dust.
Researchers study the effects of arsenic exposure and develop methods to detect, measure, and mitigate its presence in the environment and in biological systems.
Understanding the mechanisms of arsenic toxicity and developing effective interventions are key areas of rsearch in this field.

Most cited protocols related to «Arsenic»

WASH Benefits Bangladesh: A Cluster-Randomized Intervention Trial

The WASH Benefits Bangladesh study was a cluster-randomised trial conducted in rural villages in Gazipur, Kishoreganj, Mymensingh, and Tangail districts of Bangladesh (appendix p 2). We grouped pregnant women who lived near enough to each other into a cluster to allow delivery of interventions by a single community promoter. We hypothesised that the interventions would improve the health of the index child in each household. Each measurement round lasted about 1 year and was balanced across treatment arms and geography to minimise seasonal or geographical confounding when comparing outcomes across groups. We chose areas with low groundwater iron and arsenic (because these affect chlorine demand) and where no major water, sanitation, or nutrition programmes were ongoing or planned by the government or large non-government organisations. The study design and rationale have been published previously.¹⁰
The latrine component of the sanitation intervention was a compound level intervention. The drinking water and handwashing interventions were household level interventions. The nutrition intervention was a child-specific intervention. We assessed the diarrhoea outcome among all children in the compound who were younger than 3 years at enrolment, which could underestimate the effect of interventions targeted only to index households (drinking water, and handwashing) or index children (nutrition). After the study results were unmasked, we analysed diarrhoea prevalence restricted to index children (ie, children directly targeted by each intervention).
The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Committee at The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (PR-11063), the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at the University of California, Berkeley (2011-09-3652), and the institutional review board at Stanford University (25863).

Luby S.P., Rahman M., Arnold B.F., Unicomb L., Ashraf S., Winch P.J., Stewart C.P., Begum F., Hussain F., Benjamin-Chung J., Leontsini E., Naser A.M., Parvez S.M., Hubbard A.E., Lin A., Nizame F.A., Jannat K., Ercumen A., Ram P.K., Das K.K., Abedin J., Clasen T.F., Dewey K.G., Fernald L.C., Null C., Ahmed T, & Colford JM J.r. (2018). Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Bangladesh: a cluster randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. Global Health, 6(3), e302-e315.

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Publication 2018

Arm, Upper Arsenic Child Children's Health Chlorine Diarrhea Dietary Modification Ethical Review Ethics Committees, Research Homo sapiens Households Iron Obstetric Delivery Pregnant Women Youth

Speciation of Urinary Arsenic by HPLC-ICPMS

The remainder of the thawed urine sample was filtered through a 0.2 μm Nylon filter (Whatman GmbH, Dassel, Germany) into a 250 μL polypropylene crimp vial (Agilent Technologies). This filtered sample was analysed directly by anion-exchange HPLC/ICPMS. Additionally, a portion (90 μL) of the filtered sample was removed from the HPLC vial and 10 μL of H₂O₂ were added, to convert any trivalent- and thio-arsenicals to their pentavalent and/or oxygenated forms, and the mixture was allowed to stand for at least two hours at a temperature > 23°C before analysis by anion-exchange HPLC/ICPMS.
The anion-exchange HPLC conditions (identical for both non-oxidised and oxidised urine samples) were: PRP-X100 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm particles; Hamilton Company, Reno USA) at 40°C with a mobile phase of 20 mM aqueous phosphoric acid adjusted with aqueous ammonia to pH 6 at a flow rate of 1 mL min⁻¹. Injection volume was 20 μL. A carbon source (1% CO₂ in argon) was introduced directly to the plasma, as previously described for selenium,^{14 (link)} to provide a 4-5-fold increase in sensitivity. The CO₂ was introduced via the T-piece of the high matrix sample introduction kit and the optional gas was set to 0.17 L min⁻¹. Under these chromatographic conditions, As(III) elutes near the void volume, very close to AB and most other cationic arsenic species. This void-volume peak was assigned as AB + As(III) in the non-oxidised sample, and as AB in the oxidised sample (Fig. 1), based on the premise that AB is the only arsenic cation found in significant quantities in urine (see below).¹⁵ The total iAs content [As(III) + As(V)] was obtained from the As(V) peak in the oxidised sample. For all HPLC runs, peaks were quantified against the respective standard. Calibration was usually performed in the range 0.10 to 20.0 μg As L⁻¹ (six-point calibration curve); limit of detection was 0.1 μg As L⁻¹ for iAs [As(V) peak], MA, DMA and AB, and the intra-assay coefficient of variation was better than 5 % for all species.
The premise that AB was essentially the only cationic arsenic species in the urine samples was tested by performing cation-exchange HPLC/ICPMS on 188 samples that had shown a significant peak at the void volume during anion-exchange HPLC/ICPMS of the oxidized samples. A Zorbax 300-SCX column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm particles; Agilent Technologies) at 30°C was used with a mobile phase of 10 mM pyridine at pH 2.3 (adjusted with formic acid) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min⁻¹. The injection volume was 10 μL. ICPMS was used as a detector with the settings described above for anion-exchange HPLC/ICPMS.

Scheer J., Findenig S., Goessler W., Francesconi K.A., Howard B., Umans J.G., Pollak J., Tellez-Plaza M., Silbergeld E.K., Guallar E, & Navas-Acien A. (2012). Arsenic species and selected metals in human urine: validation of HPLC/ICPMS and ICPMS procedures for a long-term population-based epidemiological study. Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications, 4(2), 406-413.

Publication 2012

Ammonia Anions Argon Arsenic Arsenicals Biological Assay Carbon Chromatography formic acid High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hypersensitivity Nylons Peroxide, Hydrogen Phosphoric Acids Plasma Polypropylenes pyridine Selenium Urination Urine

Seafood Intake and Urinary Arsenic Levels

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Publication 2010

Age Groups Arsenic Arsenicals arsenobetaine Biological Markers Cotinine Creatinine Ethnicity Index, Body Mass Mexican Americans Obesity Seafood Serum Urine Woman

Arsenic Speciation in Urine Samples

The following commercial chemicals were used: ortho phosphoric acid (p.a., or TraceSELECT Ultra) from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); pyridine from Merck (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany); and hydrogen peroxide 30 % (p.a.), aqueous ammonia 25 % (suprapure), 65 % nitric acid (p.a.), and formic acid (p.a.) from Roth (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany). Chemicals were used without further purification except for the nitric acid which was distilled in a quartz sub-boiling distillation unit. Water used throughout was from a Milli-Q Academic water purification system (Millipore GmbH, Vienna, Austria) with a specific resistivity of 18.2 MΩ*cm.
Individual standard solutions (1000 ± 3 μg L⁻¹ in 2 % nitric acid) for total element determinations of As, Cd, Mo, Pb, Sb, Se, U, W, and Zn (in the urine samples) and Ge, In, and Lu (internal standards) were obtained from CPI International (Santa Rosa, CA, US). For arsenic speciation, stock solutions containing 1000 mg As L⁻¹ of each of the following species were prepared in water: arsenite (As(III) and arsenate (As(V)) prepared from NaAsO₂ and Na₂HAsO₄.7 H₂O, respectively, purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); dimethylarsinate (DMA) prepared from sodium dimethylarsinate purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); methylarsonate (MA) prepared in-house from sodium arsenite and methyl iodide (Meyer reaction); and arsenobetaine (AB), as the bromide salt, prepared in-house following the method of Cannon et al.¹¹ The purity of the synthesized standards (MA and AB) was established by NMR and HPLC/mass spectrometry. Other arsenic standards (trimethylarsine oxide, arsenocholine, tetramethylarsonium ion, oxo and thio-dimethylarsinylethanol and oxo- and thio-dimethylarsinylacetic acid) were prepared as previously reported;^{12 ,13 (link)} these standards were used to check the identity of minor peaks which occasionally appeared in the chromatograms.
The certified reference materials for total element measurements were NIST 1643e, trace elements in water (National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, US) certified for As, Cd, Mo, Pb, Sb, Se, & Zn; and NIES No. 18, human urine (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan) certified for As, Se & Zn. In addition, Seronorm^™ control urine (Sero AS, Billingstad, Norway) and an in-house urine sample served as non-certified reference materials. The certified reference material for determining arsenic species was NIES No 18, human urine, certified for AB and DMA. Our in-house reference urine was used as a control for iAs, MA, DMA, and AB.

Publication 2012

Acids Ammonia arsenate Arsenic arsenite arsenobetaine arsenocholine Bromides Cacodylate Distillation formic acid High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Homo sapiens Mass Spectrometry methylarsonate methyl iodide Nitric acid Peroxide, Hydrogen Phosphoric Acids pyridine Quartz Rosa Sodium sodium arsenite Sodium Chloride tetramethylarsonium Trace Elements trimethylarsine oxide Urine

Arsenic Exposure and Fetal Growth

The New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS) is a prospective study designed to examine the associations of arsenic exposure on fetal growth and development during early childhood (Gilbert-Diamond et al. 2011 (link)). In the state of New Hampshire, residents commonly use unregulated private water supplies, and it is estimated that more than 1 in 10 homes have drinking-water wells with water arsenic concentrations that exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s recommended maximum of 10 μg/L (Karagas et al. 1998 (link)). Pregnant women 18–45 years old between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation were recruited from prenatal clinics in New Hampshire beginning in January 2009. Eligibility criteria included English literacy, the use of a private, unregulated water system (e.g., private well) at home, and a singleton pregnancy. The NHBCS enrolled 1,033 pregnant women by 30 September 2013. At the time of the analysis there were 1,020 live singleton births. Of those, prepregnancy weight status was not available for 111 women, maternal second-trimester spot urine samples were not available for an additional 151 women, and newborn anthropometric data were not available for 27 newborns. Of the remaining 731 mother–child dyads, 25 were excluded because the mother had a prepregnancy BMI < 18.5 kg/m². Thus the final sample size of the analysis was 706 dyads. When comparing women who were included in the analysis with the entire population-based cohort, there were no significant differences related to baseline characteristics, arsenic exposures, or birth outcomes (data not shown). Participants provided informed consent, and all study procedures were approved by the Internal Review Board at Dartmouth College.

Gilbert-Diamond D., Emond J.A., Baker E.R., Korrick S.A, & Karagas M.R. (2016). Relation between in Utero Arsenic Exposure and Birth Outcomes in a Cohort of Mothers and Their Newborns from New Hampshire. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(8), 1299-1307.

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Publication 2016

Arsenic Child Childbirth Child Development Diamond Eligibility Determination Fetal Growth Infant, Newborn Mothers Pregnancy Pregnant Women Urine Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Arsenic»

Partitioning Causal Effects of Gene Expression on Phenotypes

An MVMR approach was used to dissect the total causal effect of transcript levels on phenotypes (

α_{T P}

) into a direct (

α_{d}

) and indirect (

α_{i}

) effect measured through a metabolite. Through inclusion of a metabolite and its associated genetic variants (r² <0.01, p_mQTL<1 × 10^–07), the direct effect of gene expression on a phenotype can be estimated using a multivariable regression model (Burgess et al., 2013 (link)) as the first element of

\hat{α} = {(B^{'} C^{- 1} B)}^{- 1} (B^{'} C^{- 1} γ)

where

B

is a matrix with two columns containing the standardized effect sizes of n IVs on transcript levels in the first column and on the metabolite levels in the second column,

γ

is a vector of length n containing the standardized effect size of each SNP on the phenotype, and C is the pairwise LD matrix between the n SNPs.
The proportion of direct effect

(ρ)

is calculated by regressing direct effects (

α_{d}

) on total effects (

α_{T P}

) and then correcting for regression dilution bias:

ρ_{c o r r e c t e d} = \frac{ρ}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\sum {(S E (α_{T P}))}^{2}}{\sum α_{T P}^{2}}}}

Auwerx C., Sadler M.C., Woh T., Reymond A., Kutalik Z, & Porcu E. (2023). Exploiting the mediating role of the metabolome to unravel transcript-to-phenotype associations. eLife, 12, e81097.

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Publication 2023

Arsenic Cloning Vectors Gene Expression Genetic Diversity Phenotype Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Technique, Dilution

Trace Element Analysis in Process Waters

Nutritional elements
(selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn),
chromium (Cr), Calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium
(Mg), and sodium (Na)) and potentially toxic elements (arsenic (As),
nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd)) in the process
waters were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
(ICP-MS) (iCAP Q, Thermo Fisher, Germany) in KED mode (helium as cell
gas) following digestion of the samples with concentrated nitric acid
(SPS Science, France) using a microwave oven (Multiwave 3000, Anton
Paar, Graz, Austria). Quantification was done using external calibration
in which standard solutions were prepared from certified stock solutions
(SPS Science, France) and using rhodium as the internal standard (SPS
Science, France). A certified reference material TORT-3 (lobster hepatopancreas)
(NRCC, Ottawa, Canada) was also analyzed together with the samples
and the obtained values were in good agreement with the certified
reference values. The limit of detection (LOD) for each element is
as follows (mg/g): Se, 0.05; As, 0.01; Zn, 3.1; Cu, 0.70; Ni, 0.11;
Fe, 3.5; Mn, 0.03; Cr, 0.06; Pb, 0.03; Hg, 0.02; and Cd, 0.003.

Forghani B., Sørensen A.D., Sloth J.J, & Undeland I. (2023). Liquid Side Streams from Mussel and Herring Processing as Sources of Potential Income. ACS Omega, 8(9), 8355-8365.

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Publication 2023

Arsenic Cadmium Calcium, Dietary Chromium Copper Digestion Helium Hepatopancreas Iron Magnesium Manganese Mass Spectrometry Microwaves Nickel Nitric acid Phosphorus Plasma Potassium Rhodium Selenium Sodium Zinc

Determining SelFS Metal Ion Specificity

To determine the metal ion specificity of the SelFS
protein, various metals were used in response to the change in the
emission ratio (540/485 nm) on a microplate reader. The FRET ratio
was recorded after adding selected metals using 180 μL of the
SelFS protein (diluted in 20 mM PBS buffer pH 8.0) with 20 μL
of selenium, silver, iron, tungsten, and arsenic metals in the nanomolar-to-micromolar
range, 10 nM, 100 nM, 500 nM, 1 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM.
To perform the competitive experiments, the FRET (540/485 nm) ratio
was recorded by adding the interferents such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ to the SelFS protein
in the presence of 5 μM selenium. The FRET ratio was detected
after mixing 20 μL of these metals to 160 μL of the diluted
SelFS protein with 20 μL selenium on a microplate reader.

Bano R., Mohsin M., Zeyaullah M, & Khan M.S. (2023). Real-Time Monitoring of Selenium in Living Cells by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Genetically Encoded Ratiometric Nanosensors. ACS Omega, 8(9), 8625-8633.

Publication 2023

Arsenic Buffers Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Iron Metals Proteins Selenium Silver Tungsten

Pediatric Postconcussion Symptom Assessment

The primary outcome was the total child-reported symptom score on the HBI^{17 (link)} at 3 months after injury. The HBI is a 20-item valid and reliable measure of postconcussion symptoms in children^{17 (link)} recommended by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)^{21 (link)} as a core common data element in the subacute (>3 days) and chronic (>3 months) postinjury intervals. Symptom frequency is rated on a 4-point scale (range, 0-3; 0 indicates never; 1, rarely; 2, sometimes; and 3, often) yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 60; higher scores indicate higher symptom burden. Secondary outcomes were separate subscale scores for cognitive (11 items) and somatic (9 items) symptoms.

van Ierssel J.J., Tang K., Beauchamp M., Bresee N., Cortel-LeBlanc A., Craig W., Doan Q., Gravel J., Lyons T., Mannix R., Orr S., Zemek R, & Yeates K.O. (2023). Association of Posttraumatic Headache With Symptom Burden After Concussion in Children. JAMA Network Open, 6(3), e231993.

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Publication 2023

Arsenic Child Cognition Diploid Cell Injuries Post-Concussion Syndrome

Arsenate Adsorption Optimization

A stock solution of arsenate (100 ppm) was prepared by dissolving the required amount of Na₂HAsO₄ in deionized water. It was then diluted to the desired concentration. The effect of pH for arsenic adsorption was investigated in between pH 2 and 9 using a 50 ppm of initial As(V) solution. The optimum contact time for As(V) adsorption was determined using 20.0 ml aliquots of arsenate solutions having 50 ppm concentration, pH of 5.5 and 0.04 g of adsorbent. Batch adsorption studies for arsenate were carried out using the same conditions in between 4 and 50 ppm of As(V) concentration range. The residual arsenic concentrations were measured using a GBC 932 AB graphite furnace atomic adsorption spectrometer (AAS).

Shanika Fernando M., Wimalasiri A.K., Dziemidowicz K., Williams G.R., Rasika Koswattage K., Dissanayake D.P., Nalin De Silva K.M, & De Silva R.M. (2023). The blending effect of natural polysaccharides with nano-zirconia towards the removal of fluoride and arsenate from water. Royal Society Open Science, 10(3), 221514.

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Publication 2023

Adsorption arsenate Arsenic Graphite

Top products related to «Arsenic»

Naaso2 by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Japan

NaAsO2 is a chemical compound that serves as a laboratory reagent. It is a white or colorless crystalline solid. The core function of NaAsO2 is to act as a source of arsenite ions in various chemical analyses and reactions.

Nitric acid by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, United Kingdom, India, France, Spain, Poland, Australia, Belgium, China, Japan, Ireland, Chile, Singapore, Sweden, Israel

Nitric acid is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Nitric acid is a powerful oxidizing agent and is commonly used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and other chemical intermediates.

Icap q by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark, France

The ICAP Q is an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) designed for high-throughput, multi-elemental analysis. It offers robust performance and reliable operation for a wide range of applications.

Nexion 300x by PerkinElmer

Sourced in United States, France, Canada

The NexION 300X is an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) developed by PerkinElmer. It is designed for accurate and sensitive elemental analysis across a wide range of applications.

Elan drc e by PerkinElmer

Sourced in United States, Canada, Germany

The ELAN DRC-e is an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) designed for elemental analysis. It provides precise and sensitive detection of a wide range of elements in various sample types.

Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem) by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Australia, Canada, Japan, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Israel, New Zealand, Ireland, Denmark, India, Poland, Sweden, Argentina, Netherlands, Brazil, Macao, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Cameroon, Hong Kong, Portugal, Morocco, Hungary, Finland, Puerto Rico, Holy See (Vatican City State), Gabon, Bulgaria, Norway, Jamaica

DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.

Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal

Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.

Hydrochloric acid (hcl) by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, India, Italy, France, Spain, Australia, China, Poland, Switzerland, Canada, Ireland, Japan, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Malaysia, Brazil, Hungary, Chile, Belgium, Denmark, Macao, Mexico, Sweden, Indonesia, Romania, Czechia, Egypt, Austria, Portugal, Netherlands, Greece, Panama, Kenya, Finland, Israel, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Norway

Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.

X series 2 by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, Germany, France, United Kingdom

The X Series 2 is a high-performance laboratory equipment designed for precise and reliable measurement. It features advanced sensor technology and intuitive controls for efficient data collection and analysis.

Sodium meta arsenite by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Sodium (meta)arsenite is a laboratory chemical compound. It is a white, crystalline solid with the chemical formula NaAsO2.

What are the different forms of arsenic?

How does arsenic exposure occur?

What are the health effects of arsenic exposure?

How can PubCompare.ai assist in arsenic research?

PubCompare.ai can help researchers in arsenic studies by allowing them to more efficiently screen the protocol literature and leverage AI to pinpoint critical insights. The platform's AI-driven analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling researchers to choose the best option for reproducibility and acuracy when studying the mechanisms of arsenic toxicity or developing interventions.

What are some common applications of arsenic?

More about "Arsenic"

Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid element that is widely dispersed throughout the Earth's crust.
It is renowned for its toxicity and has been linked to various health concerns, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disease.
Arsenic can be found in soil, water, and air, and exposure can occur through drinking contaminated water, ingesting polluted food, or breathing in arsenic-containing dust.
Researchers investigate the effects of arsenic exposure and develop methods to detect, measure, and mitigate its presence in the environment and in biological systems.
Understanding the mechanisms of arsenic toxicity and developing effective interventions are key areas of research in this field.
Sodium (meta)arsenite (NaAsO2) is a common inorganic arsenic compound used in research, while nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) are commonly used for sample digestion and preparation.
Analytical techniques like inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), using instruments like the ICAP Q, NexION 300X, and ELAN DRC-e, are widely employed to detect and quantify arsenic in various matrices.
Cell culture studies often utilize Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) to assess the effects of arsenic exposure on cell lines.
The X Series 2 ICP-MS is another instrument commonly used for high-throughput arsenic analysis in environmental and biological samples.
By leveraging these advanced tools and techniques, researchers can gain deeper insights into the complexities of arsenic and develop effective strategies to mitigate its impact on human health and the environment.