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Chloroform

Chloroform is a colorless, volatile, and nonflammable liquid with a characteristic sweet odor.
It is widely used as a solvent, anesthetic, and reagent in organic synthesis and chemical research.
Chloroform has a long history of medical and industrial applications, though its use has been restricted due to concerns over potential health hazards.
Researchers conducting chloroform-related experiments can optimize their workflows by leveraging the powerful comparison features of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven tool that helps locate the most reliable and effecient protocols from the scientific literature, preprints, and patents.
This resource can enhance reproducibility and accuracy in chloroform-based studies, supporting the advancement of related fields.

Most cited protocols related to «Chloroform»

All metabolite reference standards underwent a two-step derivatization procedure. Therefore 1 mg of each standard was dissolved in a solution of 1 ml methanol:water:isopropanol (2.5:1:1 v/v). Then 10 μl of each standard solution were taken out and evaporated to dryness. First, methoximation was performed to inhibit the ring formation of reducing sugars, protecting also all other aldehydes and ketones. A solution of 40 mg/ml O-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride, (CAS: [593-56-6]; Formula CH5NO.HCl; Sigma-Aldrich No. 226904 (98%)) in pyridine (99.99%) was prepared. The dried standards and 10 μl of the O-methylhydroxylamine reagent solution were mixed for 30 s in a vortex mixer and subsequently shaken for 90 minutes at 30°C. Afterwards, 90μl of N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) with 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) (1 ml bottles, Pierce, Rockford IL) was added and shaken at 37°C for 30 min for trimethylsilylation of acidic protons to increase volatility of metabolites. A mixture of internal retention index (RI) markers was prepared using fatty acid methyl esters (FAME markers) of C8, C9, C10, C12, C14, C16, C18, C20, C22, C24, C26, C28 and C30 linear chain length, dissolved in chloroform at a concentration of 0.8 mg/ml (C8-C16) and 0.4 mg/ml (C18-C30). 2 μl of this RI mixture were added to the reagent solutions, transferred to 2 mL glass crimp amber autosampler vials. Data acquisition parameters are given in table 1. Subsequent to data processing using the instrument manufacturer’s software programs, spectra and retention indices were manually curated into the new Leco FiehnLib (359-008-100) or automatically transferred by Agilent to the new Agilent FiehnLib (G1676AA).
Publication 2009
Acids Aldehydes Amber Cardiac Arrest Chloroform Esters Fatty Acids Isopropyl Alcohol Ketones Methanol methoxyamine Protons pyridine Retention (Psychology) Sugars trimethylchlorosilane Volatility
An Escherichia coli K12 strain was grown in standard LB medium, harvested, washed in PBS, and lysed in BugBuster (Novagen Merck Chemicals, Schwalbach, Germany) according to the manufacturer's protocol. HeLa S3 cells were grown in standard RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with glutamine, antibiotics, and 10% FBS. After being washed with PBS, cells were lysed in cold modified RIPA buffer (50 mm Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mm EDTA, 150 mm NaCl, 1% N-octylglycoside, 0.1% sodium deoxycholate, complete protease inhibitor mixture (Roche)) and incubated for 15 min on ice. Lysates were cleared by centrifugation, and after precipitation with chloroform/methanol, proteins were resuspended in 6 m urea, 2 m thiourea, 10 mm HEPES, pH 8.0. Prior to in-solution digestion, 60-μg protein samples from HeLa S3 lysates were spiked with either 10 μg or 30 μg of E. coli K12 lysates based on protein amount (Bradford assay). Both batches were reduced with dithiothreitol and alkylated with iodoacetamide. Proteins were digested with LysC (Wako Chemicals, GmbH, Neuss, Germany) for 4 h and then trypsin digested overnight (Promega, GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Digestion was stopped by the addition of 2% trifluroacetic acid. Peptides were separated by isoelectric focusing into 24 fractions on a 3100 OFFGEL Fractionator (Agilent, GmbH, Böblingen, Germany) as described in Ref. 45 (link). Each fraction was purified with C18 StageTips (46 (link)) and analyzed via liquid chromatography combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry on an LTQ Orbitrap (Thermo Fisher) with lock mass calibration (47 (link)). All raw files were searched against the human and E. coli complete proteome sequences obtained from UniProt (version from January 2013) and a set of commonly observed contaminants. MS/MS spectra were filtered to contain at most eight peaks per 100 mass unit intervals. The initial MS mass tolerance was 20 ppm, and MS/MS fragment ions could deviate by up to 0.5 Da (48 (link)). For quantification, intensities can be determined alternatively as the full peak volume or as the intensity maximum over the retention time profile, and the latter method was used here as the default. Intensities of different isotopic peaks in an isotope pattern are always summed up for further analysis. MaxQuant offers a choice of the degree of uniqueness required in order for peptides to be included for quantification: “all peptides,” “only unique peptides,” and “unique plus razor peptides” (42 (link)). Here we chose the latter, because it is a good compromise between the two competing interests of using only peptides that undoubtedly belong to a protein and using as many peptide signals as possible. The distribution of peptide ions over fractions and samples is shown in supplemental Fig. S1.
Publication 2014
Acids Antibiotics, Antitubercular Biological Assay Buffers Cells Centrifugation Chloroform Cold Temperature Deoxycholic Acid, Monosodium Salt Digestion Dithiothreitol Edetic Acid Escherichia coli Escherichia coli K12 Glutamine HeLa Cells HEPES Homo sapiens Immune Tolerance Iodoacetamide Ions Isotopes Liquid Chromatography Methanol Peptides Promega Protease Inhibitors Proteins Proteome Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay Retention (Psychology) Sodium Chloride Staphylococcal Protein A Tandem Mass Spectrometry Thiourea Tromethamine Trypsin Urea
The extraction buffer contained 300 mM Tris HCl (pH 8.0), 25 mM EDTA, 2 M NaCl, 2% CTAB, 2% PVPP, 0.05% spermidine trihydrochloride, and just prior to use, 2% β-mercaptoethanol. Tissue was ground to a fine powder in liquid nitrogen using a mortar and pestle. The powder was added to pre-warmed (65°C) extraction buffer at 20 ml/g of tissue and shaken vigorously. Since berries have higher water content than other grape tissues, a lower extraction buffer ratio of 10–15 ml/g weight was sufficient. Tubes were subsequently incubated in a 65°C water bath for 10 min and shaken every couple of min. Mixtures were extracted twice with equal volumes chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (24:1) then centrifuged at 3,500 × g for 15 min at 4°C. The aqueous layer was transferred to a new tube and centrifuged at 30,000 × g for 20 min at 4°C to remove any remaining insoluble material. This step proved more critical for root and flower tissues. To the supernatant, 0.1 vol 3 M NaOAc (pH 5.2) and 0.6 vol isopropanol were added, mixed, and then stored at -80°C for 30 min. Nucleic acid pellets (including any remaining carbohydrates) were collected by centrifugation at 3,500 × g for 30 min at 4°C. The pellet was dissolved in 1 ml TE (pH 7.5) and transferred to a microcentrifuge tube. To selectively precipitate the RNA, 0.3 vol of 8 M LiCl was added and the sample was stored overnight at 4°C. RNA was pelleted by centrifugation at 20,000 × g for 30 min at 4°C then washed with ice cold 70% EtOH, air dried, and dissolved in 50–150 μl DEPC-treated water.
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Publication 2006
2-Mercaptoethanol Bath Berries Buffers Carbohydrates Centrifugation Cetrimonium Bromide Chloroform Cold Temperature Edetic Acid Ethanol Grapes isopentyl alcohol Isopropyl Alcohol Nitrogen Nucleic Acids Pellets, Drug Plant Roots polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Powder Sodium Chloride Spermidine Tissues Tromethamine

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Publication 2008
1,2-dihexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Alabaster austin Brain Stem Buffers Cells Cerebellum Chloroform Cholinergic Agents Cold Temperature Cycloheximide Deoxyribonucleases Digestion Dithiothreitol Endoribonucleases Ethanol G-substrate Goat HEPES inhibitors Isopropyl Alcohol Lipids Magnesium Chloride Mice, Laboratory Mice, Transgenic Motor Neurons Nonidet P-40 Polyribosomes Protease Inhibitors Purkinje Cells Ribosomal RNA RNA, Messenger Sodium Acetate Sodium Chloride Striatum, Corpus Teflon Tissues trizol

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Publication 2010
Alkaline Phosphatase Anti-Antibodies Buffers cDNA Library Cells chlorocarbonic acid Chloroform Embryo Endopeptidase K Ethanol G-substrate Genome, Human Homo sapiens hydroxybenzoic acid Intestines Kidney MicroRNAs Phenol Polynucleotide 5'-Hydroxyl-Kinase Proteins PUM2 protein, human Radioactive Tracers Ribonuclease T1 RNA, Messenger SDS-PAGE Ultraviolet Rays

Most recents protocols related to «Chloroform»

Example 28

[Figure (not displayed)]

A typical protocol used for the synthesis of the PNAEP67-PnBA500 diblock copolymer was as follows: PNAEP67 macro-CTA (0.185 g, 14.6 μmol), deionised water (4.501 g, corresponding to a 20% w/w solution) and KPS (1.320 mg, 4.9 μmol; PNAEP67/KPS=3.0) were weighed into a 10 mL round-bottom flask charged with a magnetic flea. HCl (10 μL, 0.2 M) was added to reduce the pH to 3.0. This flask was then immersed in an ice bath, and the solution was degassed with nitrogen for 30 min. nBA (1.500 g) was weighed into a separate 14 mL vial and degassed with nitrogen in an ice bath for 30 min. An AsAc stock solution (0.01% w/w) was weighed into a second 14 mL vial and degassed with nitrogen in an ice bath for 30 min. After 30 min nBA (1.05 ml, 7.32 mmol; target DP=500) was added to the flask using a degassed syringe and needle under nitrogen. The flask contents were then stirred vigorously to ensure thorough mixing and degassed for 5 min before being immersed in an oil bath set at 30° C. After 1 min, AsAc (0.09 ml, 4.9 μmol; KPS/AscAc molar ratio=1.0) was added to the flask. The nBA polymerisation was allowed to proceed for 1 h before being quenched by exposing the reaction solution to air and immersing the reaction vial in an ice bath. 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis of the disappearance of vinyl signals indicated a final nBA conversion of 99%. Chloroform GPC analysis of this copolymer indicated a Mn of 86.6 kg mol−1 and an Mw/Mn of 1.56. Other diblock copolymer compositions were obtained by adjusting the nBA/PNAEP67 molar ratio.

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Patent 2024
1H NMR Anabolism Bath Chloroform Fleas Molar Needles Nitrogen Polymerization Polyvinyl Chloride Spectrum Analysis Syringes

Example 1

This example describes an exemplary nanostructure (i.e. nanocomposite tecton) and formation of a material using the nanostructure.

A nanocomposite tecton consists of a nanoparticle grafted with polymer chains that terminate in functional groups capable of supramolecular binding, where supramolecular interactions between polymers grafted to different particles enable programmable bonding that drives particle assembly (FIG. 4). Importantly, these interactions can be manipulated separately from the structure of the organic or inorganic components of the nanocomposite tecton, allowing for independent control over the chemical composition and spatial organization of all phases in the nanocomposite via a single design concept. Functionalized polystyrene polymers were made from diaminopyridine or thymine modified initiators via atom transfer radical polymerization, followed by post-functionalization to install a thiol group that allowed for particle attachment (FIG. 5). The polymers synthesized had three different molecular weights (˜3.7, ˜6.0, and ˜11.0 kDa), as shown in FIG. 6, with narrow dispersity (Ð<1.10), and were grafted to nanoparticles of different diameters (10, 15, 20, and nm) via a “grafting-to” approach.

Once synthesized, nanocomposite tectons were functionalized with either diaminopyridine-polystyrene or thymine-polystyrene were readily dispersed in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, toluene, and N,N′-dimethylformamide with a typical plasmonic resonance extinction peak at 530-540 nm (FIG. 7A) that confirmed their stability in these different solvents. Upon mixing, diaminopyridine-polystyrene and thymine-polystyrene coated particles rapidly assembled and precipitated from solution, resulting in noticeable red-shifting, diminishing, and broadening of the extinction peak within 1-2 minutes (example with 20 nm gold nanoparticles and 11.0 kDa polymers, FIG. 7B). Within 20 minutes, the dispersion appeared nearly colorless, and large, purple aggregates were visible at the bottom of the tube. After moderate heating (˜55° C. for ˜1-2 minutes for the example in FIG. 7B), the nanoparticles redispersed and the original color intensity was regained, demonstrating the dynamicity and complete reversibility of the diaminopyridine-thymine directed assembly process. Nanocomposite tectons were taken through multiple heating and cooling cycles without any alteration to assembly behavior or optical properties, signifying that they remained stable at each of these thermal conditions (FIG. 7C).

A key feature of the nanocomposite tectons is that the sizes of their particle and polymer components can be easily modified independent of the supramolecular binding group's molecular structure. However, because this assembly process is driven via the collective interaction of multiple diaminopyridine and thymine-terminated polymer chains, alterations that affect the absolute number and relative density of diaminopyridine or thymine groups on the nanocomposite tecton surface impact the net thermodynamic stability of the assemblies. In other words, while all constructs should be thermally reversible, the temperature range over which particle assembly and disassembly occurs should be affected by these variables. To better understand how differences in nanocomposite tecton composition impact the assembly process, nanostuctures were synthesized using different nanoparticle core diameters (10-40 nm) and polymer spacer molecular weights (3.7-11.0 kDa), and allowed to fully assemble at room temperature (˜22° C.) (FIG. 8). Nanocomposite tectons were then monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy at 520 nm while slowly heating at a rate of 0.25° C./min, resulting in a curve that clearly shows a characteristic disassembly temperature (melting temperature, Tm) for each nanocomposite tecton composition.

From these data, two clear trends can be observed. First, when holding polymer molecular weight constant, Tm increases with increasing particle size (FIG. 8A). Conversely, when keeping particle diameter constant, Tm drastically decreases with increasing polymer length (FIG. 8B). To understand these trends, it is important to note that nanocomposite tecton dissociation is governed by a collective and dynamic dissociation of multiple individual diaminopyridine-thymine bonds, which reside at the periphery of the polymer-grafted nanoparticles. The enthalpic component of nanocomposite tecton bonding behavior is therefore predominantly governed by the local concentration of the supramolecular bond-forming diaminopyridine and thymine groups, while the entropic component is dictated by differences in polymer configuration in the bound versus unbound states.

All nanocomposite tectons possess similar polymer grafting densities (i.e. equivalent areal density of polymer chains at the inorganic nanoparticle surface, FIG. 9) regardless of particle size or polymer length. However, the areal density of diaminopyridine and thymine groups at the periphery of the nanocomposite tectons is not constant as a function of these two variables due to nanocomposite tecton geometry. When increasing inorganic particle diameter, the decreased surface curvature of the larger particle core forces the polymer chains into a tighter packing configuration, resulting in an increased areal density of diaminopyridine and thymine groups at the nanocomposite tecton periphery; this increased concentration of binding groups therefore results in an increased Tm, explaining the trend in FIG. 8A.

Conversely, for a fixed inorganic particle diameter (and thus constant number of polymer chains per particle), increasing polymer length decreases the areal density of diaminopyridine and thymine groups at the nanocomposite tecton periphery due to the “splaying” of polymers as they extend off of the particle surface, thereby decreasing Tm in a manner consistent with the trend in FIG. 8B. Additionally, increasing polymer length results in a greater decrease of system entropy upon nanocomposite tecton assembly, due to the greater reduction of polymer configurations once the polymer chains are linked via a diaminopyridine-thymine bond; this would also be predicted to reduce T m. Within the temperature range tested, all samples were easily assembled and disassembled via alterations in temperature. Inorganic particle diameter and polymer length are therefore both effective handles to control nanocomposite tecton assembly behavior.

Importantly, because the nanocomposite tecton assembly process is based on dynamic, reversible supramolecular binding, it should be possible to drive the system to an ordered equilibrium state where the maximum number of binding events can occur. The particle cores and polymer ligands are polydisperse (FIG. 10) and ordered arrangements represent the thermodynamically favored state for a set of assembled nanocomposite tectons. When packing nanocomposite tectons into an ordered lattice, deviations in particle diameter would be expected to generate inconsistent particle spacings that would decrease the overall stability of the assembled structure. However, the inherent flexibility of the polymer chains should allow the nanocomposite tectons to adopt a conformation that compensates for these structural defects. As a result, an ordered nanocomposite tecton arrangement would still be predicted to be stable if it produced a larger number of diaminopyridine-thymine binding events than a disordered structure and this increase in binding events outweighed the entropic penalty of reduction in polymer chain configurations.

To test this hypothesis, multiple sets of assembled nanocomposite tectons were thermally annealed at a temperature just below their Tm, allowing particles to reorganize via a series of binding and unbinding events until they reached the thermodynamically most stable conformation. The resulting structures were analyzed with small angle X-ray scattering, revealing the formation of highly ordered mesoscale structures where the nanoparticles were arranged in body-centered cubic superlattices (FIG. 11). The body-centered cubic structure was observed for multiple combinations of particle size and polymer length, indicating that the nanoscopic structure of the composites can be controlled as a function of either the organic component (via polymer length), the inorganic component (via particle size), or both, making this nanocomposite tecton scheme a highly tailorable method for the design of future nanocomposites.

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Patent 2024
chemical composition Chloroform Cuboid Bone Dimethylformamide Entropy Extinction, Psychological Gold Human Body Ligands Molecular Structure Polymerization Polymers Polystyrenes Radiography Solvents Spectrum Analysis Sulfhydryl Compounds tetrahydrofuran Thymine Toluene Vibration Vision
Not available on PMC !

Example 125

[Figure (not displayed)]

Methyl 4-((5-(benzyloxy)-2-methoxyphenyl)(ethyl)amino)butanoate (184). 5-(Benzyloxy)-N-ethyl-2-methoxyaniline (146) (0.681 g, 2.65 mmol), DIEA (0.92 mL, 5.3 mmol), and methyl 4-iodobutyrate (0.72 mL, 5.3 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were stirred at 70° C. for 5 days. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt, diluted with EtOAc (60 mL), washed with water (4×50 mL), brine (75 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on a silica gel column (2.5×30 cm bed, packed with CHCl3), eluant: 5% MeOH in CHCl3 to get compound 184 (0.72 g, 76%) as a dark amber oil.

Methyl 4-(ethyl(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)amino)butanoate (186). Ester 184 (0.72 g, 2.0 mmol) was stirred under reflux with 6 mL of water and 6 mL of conc HCl for 1.5 hrs and then evaporated to dryness to give acid 185 as a brown gum. The crude acid was dissolved in 50 mL of methanol containing 1 drop (cat.) of methanesulfonic acid ant the solution was kept for 2 hrs at rt. After that the mixture was concentrated in vacuum and the residue was mixed with 20 mL of saturated NaHCO3. The product was extracted with EtOAc (3×40 mL). The extract was washed with brine (40 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on a silica gel column (2.5×30 cm bed, packed with CHCl3), eluant: 5% MeOH in CHCl3 to get compound 186 (0.444 g, 83%) as a brown oil.

N-(6-(dimethylamino)-9-(4-(ethyl(4-methoxy-4-oxobutyl)amino)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (187). To a stirred suspension of tetramethylrhodamine ketone 101 (0.234 g, 0.830 mmol) in 10 mL of dry chloroform was added oxalyl chloride (72 μL, 0.82 mmol) upon cooling to 0-5° C. The resulting red solution was stirred for 0.5 h at 5° C., and the solution of compound 186 (0.222 g, 0.831 mmol) in dry chloroform (5 mL) was introduced. The reaction was allowed to heat to rt, stirred for 72 h, diluted with CHCl3 (100 mL and washed with sat. NaHCO3 solution (2×30 mL) The organic layer was extracted with 5% HCl (3×25 mL). The combined acid extract was washed with CHCl3 (2×15 mL; discarded), saturated with sodium acetate and extracted with CHCl3 (5×30 mL). The extract was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (2×50 cm bed, packed with CHCl3/MeOH/AcOH/H2O (100:20:5:1)), eluant: CHCl3/MeOH/AcOH/H2O (100:20:5:1) to give the product 187 (0.138 g, 29%) as a purple solid.

4-((4-(6-(dimethylamino)-3-(dimethyliminio)-3H-xanthen-9-yl)-5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)(ethyl)amino)butanoate (188). Methyl ester 187 (0.136 g, 0.240 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of 1M KOH (5 mmol). The reaction mixture was kept at rt for 1.5 hrs and the acetic acid (1 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with CHCl3 (4×30 mL), and combined extract was washed with brine (20 mL), filtered through the paper filter and. The crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel column (2×50 cm bed, packed with MeCN/H2O (4:1)), eluant: MeCN/H2O/AcOH/(4:1:1) to give the product 188 (0.069 g, 98%) as a purple solid.

N-(6-(dimethylamino)-9-(4-((4-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yloxy)-4-oxobutyl)(ethyl)amino)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (189). To a solution of the acid 188 (69 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) and DIEA (58 μL, 0.33 mmol) was added N-hydroxysuccinimide trifluoroacetate (70 mg, 0.33 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min, diluted with chloroform (100 mL) and washed with water (5×50 mL), brine (50 mL), filtered through paper and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by precipitation from CHCl3 solution (5 mL) with ether (20 mL) to give compound 189 (55 mg, 67%) as a purple powder.

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Patent 2024
Acetic Acid Acids Amber Anabolism Bicarbonate, Sodium brine Chlorides Chloroform Chromatography Esters Ethyl Ether Hydroxyl Radical Ketones methanesulfonic acid Methanol N,N-diisopropylethylamine N-hydroxysuccinimide oxalyl chloride Powder Silica Gel Sodium Acetate tetramethylrhodamine Trifluoroacetate Vacuum
Not available on PMC !

Example 35

2-(2,5-difluoro-4-(6-((6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)methoxy)pyridin-2-yl)benzyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6-carboxylic acid was prepared in a manner as described in Procedure 6. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.24 (d, J=19.5 Hz, 2H), 8.09 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.91-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.68 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.42 (s, 2H), 4.78 (dd, J=16.8, 8.5 Hz, 4H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 3.78 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H).

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Patent 2024
1H NMR Carboxylic Acids Chloroform imidazole

Example 122

[Figure (not displayed)]

To a stirred solution of crude 325 in MeCN (100 mL) under nitrogen at rt, was added dropwise a solution of 2,6-dimethylphenol (1.22 g, 10.0 mmol), triethylamine (4.18 mL, 30.0 mmol), and DABCO (0.112 g, 1.00 mmol) in MeCN over 30 min. The mixture immediately turned deep red at the beginning of addition, and was stirred an additional 90 min after addition was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation, and the residue was redissolved in CHCl3 (300 mL). The solution was washed sequentially with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (1×300 mL) and brine (2×300 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated by rotary evaporation to give a crude red oil. Flash chromatography on the Combiflash (330 g column, 5 to 20% EtOAc in hexanes gradient), gave 326 (5.02 g, 85% yield over 2 steps) as an off-white solid foam.

1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.20 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (s, 3H), 6.08 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.94 (d, J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (dd, J=52.1 Hz, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 4.31 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.18 (m, 2H), 4.03 (dd, J=13.6 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.13 (s, 6H), 1.15-0.97 (m, 28H).

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Patent 2024
1H NMR Bicarbonate, Sodium brine Chloroform Chromatography Hexanes Nitrogen Nucleosides Nucleotides Petroleum Pharmaceutical Preparations triethylamine triethylenediamine Virus Diseases

Top products related to «Chloroform»

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Chloroform is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is a commonly used solvent in a variety of laboratory applications, including extraction, purification, and sample preparation processes. Chloroform has a high density and is immiscible with water, making it a useful solvent for a range of organic compounds.
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TRIzol is a monophasic solution of phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate that is used for the isolation of total RNA from various biological samples. It is a reagent designed to facilitate the disruption of cells and the subsequent isolation of RNA.
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Chloroform is a colorless, volatile, and dense liquid chemical compound. It is commonly used in scientific research and laboratory settings as a solvent for various organic compounds.
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More about "Chloroform"

Chloroform is a versatile chemical compound with a wide range of applications in research, industry, and healthcare.
This colorless, volatile, and non-flammable liquid has a distinctive sweet odor and has been used as a solvent, anesthetic, and reagent for many years.
Researchers working with chloroform can optimize their workflows by leveraging powerful comparison tools like PubCompare.ai.
This AI-driven platform helps scientists locate the most reliable and efficient protocols from the scientific literature, preprints, and patents, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy in chloroform-based studies.
In addition to chloroform, researchers may also work with related compounds such as TRIzol reagent and methanol.
TRIzol is a popular RNA extraction solution that utilizes the properties of chloroform, phenol, and guanidine isothiocyanate to isolate high-quality RNA from a variety of sample types.
The RNeasy Mini Kit is another widely used tool for RNA purification, while the NanoDrop spectrophotometer and Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer are commonly employed for RNA quantification and quality assessment.
Reverse transcription, the process of converting RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA), is an essential step in many gene expression studies.
The High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit is a widely used tool for this purpose, allowing researchers to generate high-quality cDNA from their RNA samples.
By understanding the properties and applications of chloroform and related compounds, as well as leveraging the power of AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai, researchers can optimize their workflows, enhance reproducibility, and drive advancements in their respective fields of study.