Log In Sign up
The largest database of trusted experimental protocols
> Chemicals & Drugs > Hazardous or Poisonous Substance > Dioxins

Dioxins

Dioxins are a group of highly toxic, persistent environmental pollutants that can have severe adverse effects on human health and the environment.
They are formed as unintentional byproducts of various industrial processes and the burning of certain materials.
Dioxins can bioaccumulate in the food chain and have been linked to cancer, reproductive and developmental disorders, and disruption of the endocrine system.
Reasearching effective methods to detect, quantify, and mitigate dioxins is crucial for protecting public health and the ecosystem.
PubCompare.ai is a powerful tool that leverges AI-driven comparisons to help researchers identify the most reproducible and accurate protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents for enhancing dioxins reasearch.

Most cited protocols related to «Dioxins»

1
Developmental Expression and Xenobiotic Exposure in Zebrafish
Cited 30 times
Wild type adult male and female zebrafish, Danio rerio, were obtained from a commercial supplier (Ekkwill, Gibsonton, FL) and maintained in 30 gal aquaria at 28°C on a 14:10 light-dark cycle. Fertilized eggs were collected after natural spawning, washed, and distributed into 20 × 100 mm culture plates (Fisher Scientific). Embryos (150 embryos/50 ml egg water) were allowed to develop at 28°C on a 14L:10D cycle [36 ]. For developmental expression analysis embryos were collected after timed intervals: 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours post-fertilization (hpf), quick-frozen on dry ice, and stored at -70°C until analysis (3 independent embryo pools, 50 embryos per pool, per time point from the same spawning group). For treatment expression analysis embryos were left untreated until 24 hpf and then exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2; 0.1 μM), testosterone (T; 1 μM), ICI 182,780 (ICI; 10 μM; Tocris Bioscience, Ellisville, MO), β-napthaflavone (BNF; 10 nM), or 2,3,7,8, tetrachlodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 1 nM; Ultra Scientific, N. Kingstown, RI) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). All chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) unless otherwise noted. Stock solutions of chemicals were added directly to egg water and replaced daily. In addition, embryos were treated with DMSO alone (final concentration, 0.0006%), EtOH alone (final concentration 0.0005%), or left untreated as a control. Embryos were collected at 96 hpf, quick-frozen on dry ice, and stored at -70°C until analysis (3 independent embryo pools per treatment). Treated embryo RNAs were used for both housekeeping gene expression analysis (Table 3) and gene of interest normalization (Figure 2). Tissues (brain, eye, heart, liver, muscle, gonad) were collected from adult male and female zebrafish, pooled by sex (3 pools per tissue type/sex, 5 fish per pool), quick-frozen on dry ice, and stored at -70°C. Adult fish were reproductively active stock from our breeding colony.
McCurley A.T, & Callard G.V. (2008). Characterization of housekeeping genes in zebrafish: male-female differences and effects of tissue type, developmental stage and chemical treatment. BMC Molecular Biology, 9, 102.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2008
Adult Brain Dioxins Dry Ice Embryo Embryonic Development Estradiol Ethanol Females Fertilization Fishes Freezing Gene Expression Profiling Genes Gonads Heart Histocompatibility Testing ICI 182780 Liver Males Muscle Tissue RNA Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Testosterone Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin Tissues Zebrafish Zygote
2
Chapaevsk Boys' Growth, Maturation, and Toxin Exposure
Cited 12 times
From 2579 boys, aged 10–16 years in 1999, enrolled in an earlier pilot study to generate growth and maturation curves for boys in Chapaevsk [13 ], a subset of 246 older boys (14.0 to 16.9 years) were identified for a sub-study in which blood samples and questionnaire information were obtained. Older boys were chosen for study because blood samples were required and participation rates were expected to be higher than among younger children. Of the 246 boys, 221 had blood samples collected, and of these samples, 30 bloods were initially sent to the CDC for chemical analysis of dioxins, furans and PCBs. By design, of the 30 blood samples, 15 were from children with cryptorchidism or hypospadias, and 15 were from children with neither condition (controls). The selection of the 15 cases and 15 controls was done blindly in relation to factors that may predict dioxin levels.
Each of the 30 boys, with his mother, was asked to complete a nurse-administered detailed questionnaire on medical history, diet, and lifestyle. The diet questions were used to measure the current and lifetime consumption of locally grown or raised foods. The question was worded, "Does your child eat any of the following foods from local sources (i.e. your own garden or farms or lakes in the Chapaevsk area)? Yes/No". There were separate questions for current intake and lifetime intake of each food item. The distances the boys lived from the Khimprom factory at the time of the study and during pregnancy were assessed by questionnaire based on maternal self-report as <2, 2–6, or >6 kilometers, and the distance at the time of the study was also estimated using ArcView GIS 3.0 mapping of addresses.
Hauser R., Williams P., Altshul L., Korrick S., Peeples L., Patterson DG J.r., Turner W.E., Lee M.M., Revich B, & Sergeyev O. (2005). Predictors of serum dioxin levels among adolescent boys in Chapaevsk, Russia: A cross-sectional pilot study. Environmental Health, 4, 8.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2005
BLOOD Boys Child Cryptorchidism Diet Dioxins Eating Food Furans Hypospadias Mothers Nurses Polychlorinated Biphenyls Pregnancy Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin Youth
3
U.S. Dioxin Emissions from Industrial Facilities
Cited 9 times
We obtained a national database of U.S. facilities and their air emissions of dioxins from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (D. Cleverly, Personal communication, 2008). The database contained the facility address, latitude/longitude, and emissions (ng TEQ/year) in 1995. Facilities included secondary copper smelters, municipal solid waste incinerators, cement kilns burning hazardous waste, iron ore sintering plants, medical waste incinerators, coal-fired electric generating facilities, cement kilns burning non-hazardous waste, sewage sludge incinerators, hazardous waste incinerators, and industrial boilers. These 10 facility types accounted for over 85% of dioxin emissions from U.S. industrial sources over the past 30 years [6 ]. Facility locations and emissions were available in 1987 for secondary copper smelters and municipal solid waste incinerators, which had the highest dioxin air emissions in the United States.
Based on the latitude/longitude provided by EPA, 382 facilities were within 10 km of residences in our analysis. We checked the accuracy of these facility locations by comparing the coordinates to locations determined through web-based aerial photographs and ancillary information (Google Inc. Mountain View, CA; Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA, USA); locations were corrected if necessary. We verified locations for 340 (89%) facilities and excluded 42 facilities that we could not verify. The median distance between the original and corrected location ranged from 132 meters (coal-fired electric generating facilities) to 23 km (hazardous waste incinerators).
Pronk A., Nuckols J.R., De Roos A.J., Airola M., Colt J.S., Cerhan J.R., Morton L., Cozen W., Severson R., Blair A., Cleverly D, & Ward M.H. (2013). Residential proximity to industrial combustion facilities and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case–control study. Environmental Health, 12, 20.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2013
Coal Copper Dental Cements Dioxins Electricity Hazardous Waste Iron Medical Waste Plants Residency Sewage Sludge Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
4
Prospective Cohort Study of Peri-Pubertal Boys in Russia
Cited 8 times
Our Russian Children’s Study is a prospective cohort study of 489 peri-pubertal boys in Chapaevsk, Russia, as described in more detail elsewhere.26 (link) All boys aged 8 to 9 years were identified using the town-wide health insurance information system; of the 550 within the eligible age range, 516 (94%) agreed to participate and were enrolled between May 2003 and March 2005. The primary reasons for non-participation included refusal due to lack of time or interest. At study entry, 27 boys were found to be ineligible (17 residing in orphanages lacked maternal and birth information and 10 had chronic health conditions which could impact childhood growth and development). This left 489 eligible boys, of whom 481 had lead measurements available. The study was approved by the Human Studies Institutional Review Boards of the Chapaevsk Medical Association, Harvard School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. The parent or guardian signed an informed consent and the boy signed an assent form prior to participation.
At study entry, a physical examination was conducted and each boy provided blood samples for the analyses of lead and other environmental exposures (dioxins and PCBs). A health, lifestyle, and diet questionnaire developed with Russian collaborators30 (link),31 (link) was administered by a nurse to each boy’s mother or guardian. Information was collected on birth and neonatal history, the child’s medical history and physical activity; maternal and household smoking and alcohol use during the pregnancy with the child; family medical, occupational, and residential history; and socioeconomic measures such as household income and parental education. Birth weight and gestational age were also obtained from medical records and were preferentially used when available. A validated Russian Institute of Nutrition semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was modified to ascertain the child’s typical dietary intake over the previous year,32 (link),33 (link) and to estimate total daily caloric intake and distribution of fat, protein and carbohydrate calories.
Williams P.L., Sergeyev O., Lee M.M., Korrick S.A., Burns J.S., Humblet O., DelPrato J., Revich B, & Hauser R. (2010). Blood Lead Levels and Delayed Onset of Puberty in a Longitudinal Study of Russian Boys. Pediatrics, 125(5), e1088-e1096.
Publication 2010
A 489 Birth Weight Carbohydrates Child Childbirth Chronic Condition Diet Dioxins Environmental Exposure Ethics Committees, Research Food Gestational Age Hematologic Tests Homo sapiens Households Infant, Newborn Legal Guardians Mothers Nurses Parent Physical Examination Polychlorinated Biphenyls Pregnancy Proteins Puberty Woman
5
Genome-Wide TCDD-Induced Dioxin Response
Cited 7 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2017
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Dioxins Liver Males Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Response Elements Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin

Most recents protocols related to «Dioxins»

1
Quantitative Determination of Persistent Organic Pollutants
Extraction of comminuted, air-dried soil and plant samples was performed three times (each 15 minutes) in an ultrasonic bath with a mixture of dichloromethane and acetone (9:1, v/v). The obtained extracts were pooled, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and then concentrated at 30°C in a rotary evaporator. About 1 mg of each extract was dissolved in 1 ml petroleum ether and uploaded to silica gel column (MN-Kieselgel 60, 1 cm x 6 cm); the PAHs and PCBs were separated into two fractions by elution with 8 and 4 ml of petroleum ether, respectively. The eluted PAH and PCB fractions were evaporated; about 1mg of each extract was dissolved in 100 μl of dichloromethane and analyzed by GC-MS.
Three calibration curves were made for each of 18 PAH, 12 PCB, 17 dioxin and 18 pesticide standards (S1 Table) to determine their retention times (RT), detection limits (LOD), precision and accuracy of the analyses by calculating the standard deviation, absolute and relative errors. Identification of individual compounds was made on the basis of characteristic mass spectra and NIST 11 library.
The analyses were carried out on a GCMS-QP2010 with a mass detector (Shimadzu). As a carrier gas, helium was used at a column head pressure of 65.2 kPa, with a DB-5 MS column (Zebron, Phenomenex): thickness 0.25 μm, length 30 m, diameter 0.25 μm. The column oven temperature cycle started from 150°C; this temperature was held for three minutes then ramped to 310°C at 4°C/min; the final temperature was then held for 10 minutes. The ion source temperature was 200°C and the interface temperature was 310°C. Ionization 70 eV. The injection mode was split, and the split ratio was 10. Injection volume 1 μl. Quantitative determinations of the PAHs, PCBs, dioxins and pesticides in the plant and soil samples were made using the internal standard method. 2-methylanthracene was used as an internal standard for the determination of PAHs, and cholestane for the determination of other compounds. All standards, solvents and reagents were from Merck.
Boguś M.I., Wrońska A.K., Kaczmarek A., Drozdowski M., Laskowski Z., Myczka A., Cybulska A., Gołębiowski M., Chwir-Gołębiowska A., Siecińska L, & Mokijewska E. (2023). A comprehensive analysis of chemical and biological pollutants (natural and anthropogenic origin) of soil and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) samples. PLOS ONE, 18(1), e0280810.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
2-methylanthracene Acetone ARID1A protein, human Bath cDNA Library Cholestanes Dioxins Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Head Helium Mass Spectrometry Methylene Chloride naphtha Pesticides Plants Polychlorinated Biphenyls Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Pressure Retention (Psychology) Silica Gel sodium sulfate Solvents Ultrasonics
2
Toxicity Estimation of PAHs in Road Dust
The toxic equivalency factor (TEF) of BaP (TEQBaP) has been proposed as a capable approximation for determining the toxicology of PAHs in road dust toxic equivalent concentrations [35 (link)]. The TEF was designed to determine the danger posed by composite combinations, such as dioxins, which may help discern more precisely the carcinogenic components in composite combinations. The methodology defines a compound’s separable matrix toxic potency, which is typically the deadliest complex in a mixture. In the case of PAHs, BaP is thought to be the most active and has a well-defined toxicological profile [35 (link)]. The concentration of PAHs at each sampling site was converted into TEQBaP using the corresponding TEF [35 (link)] according to the following equation:
where C is the concentration of a PAH.
EL-Saeid M.H., Alghamdi A.G, & Alzahrani A.J. (2023). Impact of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of Falling Dust in Urban Area Settings: Status, Chemical Composition, Sources and Potential Human Health Risks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1216.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Carcinogens Complex Mixtures Cortodoxone Dioxins Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
3
Smectite Sorbents in Fattening Pig Diets
The mineral supplements were previously tested for content of dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The study was conducted using fattening pigs that were crosses of multiple breeds (Choice-Genetics breeding line), assigned at random to three groups (control and two experimental groups). The initial body weight of the animals was about 35 kg. Each group comprised 240 individuals, kept in three pens with 80 animals in each pen. The experimental groups were designated A and B, and the control group as C. The animals received a standard complete diet adjusted for age (grower and finisher). The animals from groups A and B received a diet with 1.5% composed smectite sorbents, while group C received a standard complete diet. The animals were fed ad libitum with unlimited access to drinking water. Veterinary care was provided by a veterinarian employed on the farm. The microclimatic conditions on the farm (temperature, relative humidity, and air flow), which were systematically monitored throughout the experiment, were in compliance with animal welfare requirements [2 ].
Wlazło Ł., Kwiecień M., Bis-Wencel H., Łopuszyński W., Buszewicz G., Karpińska K., Rodzyń I., Kasela M., Sobczak P, & Nowakowicz-Dębek B. (2023). Assessment of health safety of pigs taking natural sorbents with feed. BMC Veterinary Research, 19, 3.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Animals Body Weight Diet Dietary Supplements Dioxins Furans Humidity Microclimate Minerals Polychlorinated Biphenyls Smectite Sus scrofa Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin Veterinarian
4
Quantification of Indicator PCBs in Serum
Samples were analyzed for 7 indicator PCBs: PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118 (a dioxin like PCB), PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180. 5mL of serum was spiked with 5ng of each of 13C12-labelled PCBs (Wellington Laboratories, Guelph, Ontario, Canada) in 50mL Falcon tubes. Extraction and clean-up were performed using a previously described protocol (20 (link)). Clean extracts were evaporated to near-dryness, reconstituted in 50µL hexane containing 2.5 ng 13C12-PCB-141 as a recovery standard, and transferred to inserted autosampler vials prior to analysis. PCBs were determined using high resolution gas chromatography (Thermofisher TRACE 1300, Loughborough, UK) coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS, Thermofisher DFS, Loughborough, UK) with quality assurance checks using previously described methods (21 (link)). A sum PCB (∑PCB) variable was calculated by adding the molar concentrations of PCB congeners analyzed.
Butler A.E., Brennan E., Drage D.S., Sathyapalan T, & Atkin S.L. (2023). Exploration of the correlation of serum polychlorinated biphenyl levels with luteal phase hormonal parameters and infertility in women with or without polycystic ovary syndrome. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1270949.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Dioxins Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Molar n-hexane PCB 101 Serum
5
Characterization of Poultry Manure Biochars
The obtained poultry-manure-derived biochars were subjected to the analyses of physico-chemical and physical properties. pH was measured in distilled water; ash was determined according to the standard PN-EN ISO 18122:2016-01 Polish version [43 ], Solid biofuels—Determination of ash content; bulk density (BD) was determined according to the PN-EN 1236 standard [44 ] on fertilizers; and water holding capacity (WHC, % w/w) was determined from the difference in mass between dry and saturated biochar according to ASTM D2216-10 [45 ]. Selected elements including P, K, Ca, Mg, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were determined in the investigated biochars with the use of ICP-OES according to the standard PB-186/ICP. Detailed methods for analyzing biochars are provided in our previous works [30 (link),31 ,41 (link)]. Total carbon (TC) was determined by Multi N/C, Analytykjena—the high-temperature incineration with detection IR according to PN-ISO 10694:2002 [46 ]—Soil quality—Determination of organic carbon content and total carbon content after dry combustion (elemental analysis). The elemental analysis of CHNS was performed according to the standards CSN ISO 29541 [47 ], CSN EN ISO 16994 [48 ], CSN EN ISO 16948 [49 ], CSN EN 15407 [50 ], CSN ISO 19579 [51 ], CSN EN 15408 [52 ], and CSN ISO 10694 [53 ]. BET surface area was determined by nitrogen sorption by the ASAP2020 Plus analyzer (Micromeritics, Atlanta, GA, USA). The investigated poultry-manure-derived biochars were tested for the presence of dioxins and furans: US EPA 1613B [54 ] and CSN EN 16190 [55 ], and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): US EPA 8270D [56 ], US EPA 8082A [57 ], CSN EN 15527 [58 ], ISO 18287 [59 ], ISO 10382 [60 ], CSN EN 15308 [61 ], and US EPA 3546 [62 ].
Wystalska K., Malińska K., Sobik-Szołtysek J., Dróżdż D, & Meers E. (2023). Properties of Poultry-Manure-Derived Biochar for Peat Substitution in Growing Media. Materials, 16(19), 6392.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
biochar Biofuels Carbon Dietary Fiber Dioxins Fever Fowls, Domestic Furans Incineration Nitrogen Physical Processes Polychlorinated Biphenyls Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Top products related to «Dioxins»

1
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Macao, India, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Australia, Spain, Poland, Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Israel, Sweden, Ireland, Hungary, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Indonesia, Slovakia, Cameroon, Norway, Thailand, Chile, Finland, Malaysia, Latvia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Uruguay, Bangladesh
DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
2
Fla 9000 imager by Fujifilm
Sourced in United States
The FLA 9000 imager is a high-performance fluorescent and chemiluminescent imaging system designed for life science applications. It offers a range of features and functionalities, including high-resolution image capture, flexible sample handling, and advanced image processing capabilities.
3
Multi gauge software by Fujifilm
Sourced in Japan, United States, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Australia
Multi Gauge software is a comprehensive data analysis and measurement tool developed by Fujifilm. It is designed to provide accurate and reliable measurements of various parameters from a wide range of laboratory equipment and instruments.
4
Infinium humanmethylation450 platform by Illumina
Sourced in United States
The Infinium HumanMethylation450 platform is a lab equipment product developed by Illumina. It is designed for high-throughput analysis of DNA methylation across the human genome.
5
N hexane by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Portugal, United Kingdom, Germany, China, Belgium, India, Denmark
N-hexane is a colorless, volatile liquid that is commonly used as a solvent in various laboratory applications. It has a low boiling point and is capable of dissolving a wide range of organic compounds. N-hexane is often used for extraction, purification, and analytical procedures in chemistry and biochemistry laboratories.
6
Ed 901 b by Cambridge Isotopes
Sourced in United States
The ED-901-B is a laboratory instrument designed for the detection and analysis of isotopes. It features high-sensitivity detection capabilities and is suitable for a range of isotope-related applications. The core function of the ED-901-B is to provide accurate and reliable data on the presence and characteristics of specific isotopes within a sample.
7
Acetone by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Belgium, India, Switzerland, France, China, Spain, Portugal, Australia, Sweden
Acetone is a clear, colorless, and volatile liquid organic compound. It is a common laboratory solvent used for a variety of purposes, such as cleaning and degreasing. Acetone has a high evaporation rate and is miscible with water, making it useful for various applications in scientific and industrial settings.
8
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, Canada, France, China, Australia, India, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, Denmark, Portugal, Japan, Austria, New Zealand, Panama, Netherlands, Norway, Thailand
DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) is a versatile solvent commonly used in various laboratory applications. It has a high boiling point and is miscible with water and many organic solvents. DMSO serves as an effective medium for dissolving a wide range of chemical compounds, making it a valuable tool in research and development settings.
9
Polychlorinated biphenyl pcb 65 and 166 by AccuStandard
Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) 65 and 166 are certified reference materials used for analytical testing and research purposes. PCB 65 and 166 are pure chemical compounds with a known concentration and purity, providing a reliable standard for the identification and quantification of these substances in various environmental and industrial samples.
10
Chrysene d12 by AccuStandard
Chrysene-D12 is a deuterated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) standard produced by AccuStandard. It is used as an analytical reference material for the identification and quantification of chrysene in various environmental and analytical applications.

More about "Dioxins"

Dioxins are a class of highly toxic, persistent environmental pollutants that can have severe adverse impacts on human health and ecosystems.
These compounds are unintentional byproducts of various industrial processes and the combustion of certain materials.
Dioxins are known to bioaccumulate in the food chain, leading to concerns over their potential link to cancer, reproductive and developmental disorders, and endocrine system disruption.
Researching effective methods to detect, quantify, and mitigate dioxins is crucial for protecting public wellbeing and the environment.
Analytical techniques like DMSO extraction, FLA 9000 imaging, and Multi Gauge software can be leveraged to accurately measure dioxin levels.
The Infinium HumanMethylation450 platform provides insights into the epigenetic effects of dioxin exposure.
N-hexane, ED-901-B, and Acetone are solvents commonly used in dioxin sample preparation and extraction processes.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 65 and 166 are often used as internal standards, while Chrysene-D12 serves as a surrogate standard in dioxin analysis.
PubCompare.ai is a powerful AI-driven tool that helps researchers identify the most reproducible and accurate protocols from literature, preprints, and patents to enhance dioxins research.
By leveraging comparative analysis, this platform enables users to optimize their methodologies and products, leading to more reliable and impactful dioxins studies.