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Ethyl Methanesulfonate

Ethyl Methanesulfonate is a chemical compound with the formula CH3SO2OCH2CH3.
It is commonly used as a mutagen in genetic research and as an alkylating agent in organic synthesis.
This versatile reagent can induce a variety of genetic alterations, making it a valuable tool for studying mutagenesis and gene function.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and pateents, using intelligent comparisons to identify the most effective methods for working with Ethyl Methanesulfonate.
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Most cited protocols related to «Ethyl Methanesulfonate»

Mutagenesis was carried out using VC2010, a local subculture of the standard laboratory strain N2 (Brenner 1974 (link)) with either ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) (Sulston and Hodgkin 1988 ), N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) (De Stasio and Dorman 2001 (link)), trimethylpsoralen/UV (UV/TMP) (Flibotte et al. 2010 (link)), or with an EMS/ENU cocktail. F1 animals were screened in 1% nicotine (Moerman and Baillie 1979 (link)) to ensure mutagenesis and propagated through F10, with single F10 animals used to establish strains for DNA isolation and frozen stocks as shown in Figure 1. Genomic DNA from mutant strains and 40 wild isolates (Supplemental Table 10) was extracted as described earlier (Flibotte et al. 2010 (link)), and libraries prepared for sequencing using a modified Illumina protocol using only one addition of Agencourt AMPure XP beads per sample through Y-adaptor ligation. Multiplexed libraries were sequenced with Illumina GAII/HiSeq technology, and clusters passing default quality filters were demultiplexed using a custom perl script. Raw FASTQ files from each strain were aligned to build WS230 of the C. elegans genome (www.wormbase.org) using the alignment program phaster (P Green, pers. comm.) or BWA version 0.5.9 (Li and Durbin 2009 (link)) for comparison. All reported variants were generated using phaster (see Supplemental Material for details).
Publication 2013
Animals Ethyl Methanesulfonate Ethylnitrosourea Freezing Genome isolation Ligation Mutagenesis Nicotine Nitrosourea Compounds Strains Trimethylpsoralen

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. var. Columbia (Col-0) and var. Landsberg (erecta mutant) (Ler) were used as wild-type strains. The sub-1 mutant was described previously [25] (link). Plants were grown in a greenhouse under Philips SON-T Plus 400 Watt fluorescent bulbs on a long day cycle (16 hrs light). Dry seeds were sown on soil (Patzer Einheitserde, extra-gesiebt, Typ T, Patzer GmbH & Co. KG, Sinntal-Jossa, Germany) overlying perlite, stratified for 4 days at 4°C and then placed in the greenhouse. Plant trays were covered for 7–8 days to increase humidity and support equal germination. Ler seeds mutagenized with ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) were obtained from Lehle Seeds (Round Rock, TX, USA). 60'000 M2 plants, corresponding to about 7'500 M1 plants, were screened for plants exhibiting a sub-like phenotype. All sub-like mutants described in this paper were outcrossed three times to Ler prior to further analysis. Two qky T-DNA insertion mutants (line SALK_140123 and SALK_043901) [112] (link) were obtained from the ABRC (http://www.arabidopsis.org). The GL2::GUS line [33] (link) in Ler was crossed into slm mutants for analysis of root hair specification.
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Publication 2009
Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thalianas Ethyl Methanesulfonate Germination Hair Analysis Humidity Light Perlite Phenotype Plant Bulb Plant Embryos Plant Roots Plants Strains
A lethal deficiency in the β spectrin region of the X chromosome, Df(1)SD10, was produced by γ-ray mutagenesis of flies carrying the ry+ P-element insertion S6.9-11 (Wakimoto et al. 1986). In brief, adult males were exposed to 3,300 rads from a Cs137 source, crossed to ry506/ry506 females, then scored for ry female progeny. A total of 32 ry revertant females were recovered from 145,000 females screened, and three hemizygous lethal lines were obtained. Df(1)SD10 was the only cytologically visible deficiency (16A-16DE) that lacked the β spectrin gene by polytene hybridization. Duplications of the β spectrin region on chromosome 3 were produced by γ-ray mutagenesis of the stock Tp(1;3)BS3i, which is marked with the Bar-super dominant visible eye mutation. Tp(1;3)BS3i males were irradiated with 4,000 rad, then crossed to Oregon R females. Bar-eye male progeny retaining the duplication were mated with ywf/ywf females, and crosses were scored for reversion of the male-sterile phenotype. Screening of 36,000 progeny yielded three male-fertile Bar-eye lines: Dp(1;3)BS3iD1, Dp(1;3)BS3iD2, and Dp(1;3)BS3iD3. The extent of the duplications was determined by in situ hybridization and conventional cytology and balanced stocks of the recessive-lethal duplications were maintained over the TM6b chromosome.
A germ-line tranformant expressing an myc epitope-tagged wild-type β spectrin transgene on chromosome 2 was produced using a previously described strategy (Dubreuil et al. 1996). A BamHI-NotI fragment of the full-length β spectrin cDNA (Byers et al. 1992) was subcloned into the vector pWUMB. The vector was assembled from the w+ transformation vector pW8 (Klemenz et al. 1987), a 2-kb fragment of the Drosophila ubiquitin promoter (Lee et al. 1988), and a linker sequence encoding the myc epitope tag at the translation start site. The resulting construct encodes full-length wild-type β spectrin, except that the first 10 amino acids of β spectrin are replaced with the 10–amino acid myc epitope tag, which reacts with the mouse mAb 9E10 (Evan et al. 1985). The pWUMB-βspec construct was introduced into germ-line DNA by standard embyro microinjection. A single autosomal transformant P[βspecT3I] was recovered on chromosome 2.
Mutations in the Drosophila β spectrin gene were produced by chemical mutagenesis. The screen was based on recovery of X-linked lethal mutations by complementation with Dp(1;3)BS3iD3, a duplication of the 16A-F region of the X chromosome on chromosome 3. Males from an isogenized Oregon R stock were fed 24.5 mM ethyl methane sulfonate using standard methods (Grigliatti 1986), then mated to C(1)DX/y; Dp(1;3)BS3i/+ females. F1 male progenies were selected for presence of the duplication by their Bar-eye phenotype and crossed in single pair matings with C(1)DX/y females. Recessive X-linked lethal mutations in the 16A-F region were identified as crosses that yielded exclusively Bar-eye male progeny. 20 new mutations were recovered from a total of 10,744 chromosomes screened. The mutants were ordered into three intervals (I–III) by complementation tests with two additional duplications: Dp(1;3)BS3iD1 and Dp(1;3)BS3iD2. The mutants were assigned to six complementation groups by standard complementation tests. The complementation group representing the β spectrin gene was identified by rescue with the P[βspecT3I] transgene.
Balanced stocks of each mutant over a FM7[Kruppel-GFP] chromosome (Casso and Kornberg 1999) were used to recover β-spec embryos in all experiments. Embryos carrying the balancer chromosome express green fluorescent protein (GFP) with the characteristic Kruppel pattern (Gaul et al. 1987). Embryos were collected from each β-spec/FM7[Kr-GFP] × FM7[Kr-GFP]/y line for 2 h at 25°C. Embryos were aged overnight at 22°C, dechorionated in 50% bleach, and transferred to microscope slides to score GFP expression by fluorescence microscopy. β-spec male embryos were identified by their lack of GFP expression. The mutants and their wild-type siblings were separately transferred to apple juice agar plates for further development at 22°C.
Publication 2000
Acid Hybridizations, Nucleic Adult Agar Amino Acids Boys Chromosomal Duplication Chromosomes Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 Cloning Vectors Cytological Techniques Diptera DNA, Complementary Drosophila Embryo Epitopes Ethyl Methanesulfonate Females Fertility Genes Genetic Complementation Test Germ Line Green Fluorescent Proteins Hemizygote In Situ Hybridization Male Infertility Males Mice, Laboratory Microinjections Microscopy Microscopy, Fluorescence Mutagenesis Mutation Phenotype Sibling Spectrin Transgenes Ubiquitin X Chromosome

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Publication 2009
2-(dimethylaminostyryl)-1-ethylpyridinium 3-aminobenzoic acid Auditory Hair Cell Esters Ethyl Methanesulfonate Fishes FM1 43 Hair Larva Microscopy MS-222
All fly crosses were performed at 25°C in standard laboratory conditions. For the HRPBoss screen, w; FRT82neo males treated with 25 mM ethyl methanesulfonate (M0880; Sigma-Aldrich) were mass mated with w/w; TM3, Sb/TM6B, Hu, Tb virgins. Individual progeny were backcrossed to w; TM3, Sb/TM6B, Hu, Tb flies to establish lines. Several w; FRT82neo, mutant/TM6B, Hu, Tb males from each line were then mated to ey-FLP; P{w+, HRP-Boss}; FRT82neo, arm-lacZ females. Eye discs were dissected from Tb+ third instar larval progeny and stained for HRP and β-galactosidase activities.
Mitotic clones in adult retina were generated using hs-FLP1; FRTneo82B, P{w+}96A (Xu and Rubin, 1993 (link)). Mitotic clones in larval eye discs were generated using ey-FLP; FRT82neo, GMR-myrGFP-3R (see below). To facilitate exogenous protein expression in larval Garland cells, UAS-derived transgenes (UAS-GFPrab7 and UAS-GFPClc) were driven with Act5C-GAL4 lines.
UAS-myc::Hsc70-C1 and alleles of Hsc70-4 were obtained from Spyros Artavanis-Tsakonas (Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA). HRP-Boss flies were obtained from Helmut Kramer (University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX). UAS-GFPrab7 flies were obtained from Marcos A. González-Gaitán (Max-Planck Institute, Dresden, Germany). Act5C-GAL4 (No. 4414), Sev-GAL4 (No. 5793), and sca-GAL4109–68 (No. 6479) were obtained from the Bloomington Drosophila stock center (Bloomington, IN).
Publication 2002
Adult Alleles beta-Galactosidase Bohring syndrome Cells Clone Cells Diptera Drosophila Ethyl Methanesulfonate Females LacZ Genes Larva Males Optic Disk Proteins Retina Transgenes

Most recents protocols related to «Ethyl Methanesulfonate»

Example 1

Since the biosynthetic pathway of anatabine and its associated genes is not completely known, a novel genetic variation was created in a population of tobacco plants to identify plants that have a significantly reduced ability to biosynthesize anatabine. These plants very likely have a mutated non-functional gene, critical for anatabine biosynthesis.

A population of the Flue-cured variety “401” was used in these experiments. Approximately 5000 seeds were treated with 0.6% ethyl methane sulfonate and germinated. M1 plants were grown in the field and M2 seeds were collected. Fifteen hundred M2 seeds were germinated and grown in 4-inch pots. At 50% flowering stage, plants were topped. Leaf samples were collected 2 weeks after topping and the samples screened for anatabine levels using high performance thin layer chromatography (HP-TLC) and gas chromatography.

After screening for alkaloids, two Flue Cured (FC) 401 ultra-low anatabine (ULA) lines were selected for trait development. It is noted that the amount of nicotine in both ULA lines is unchanged.

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Patent 2024
Alkaloids Anabolism anatabine Biosynthetic Pathways Ethyl Methanesulfonate Gas Chromatography Genes Genetic Diversity Marijuana Abuse Mutagenesis Nicotiana tabacum Nicotine Plant Embryos Plant Leaves Plants Thin Layer Chromatography
Cs+-sensitive strains and their Cs+-resistant revertants were generated via chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMA), as previously reported (Koretsune et al., 2022 (link)). The Cs+-sensitive mutants obtained here were designated Mut5 and Mut7. Single colony isolation was performed for the isolated Mut5 and Mut7 on NC agar medium (pH 8). The colonies were inoculated into 2 ml NC medium (pH 8.0) and reciprocally shake-cultured at 200 rpm at 30°C for 18 h. The culture (100 μl) was independently plated on NC agar medium (pH 8) containing 200 mM or 400 mM CsCl to obtain spontaneous mutants whose cesium resistance was restored. Their Cs+-resistant revertants obtained here were designated Mut5R and Mut7R.
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Publication 2023
Agar Cesium cesium chloride Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis Strains Tremor
Live fluorescence imaging was performed using a stereomicroscope (Nikon SMZ18) equipped with the NIS-Elements BR 3.0 software or confocal microscopes (Zeiss Meta 500; Olympus FluoView FV3000; Zeiss LSM900). Medaka hatchlings (8 to 23 dpf) were anaesthetized with 0.005% ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methane sulfonate (Tricaine; Sigma MS-222) and mounted in 1.5% low-melting-point agarose on a glass bottom petri dish. Confocal pictures were taken using 405, 488, 543 or 633 nm laser lines for CFP, GFP, mCherry and Cy5 fluorescent signals, respectively. Time-lapse imaging was performed with Olympus FV3000 or Zeiss LSM900 microscopes by imaging the region of interest for 15-20 hours with 5-10 mins intervals. Imaging data were processed using Olympus FV31S-SW 2.1.1.98, Bitplane Imaris 9.0, ImageJ and Adobe Photoshop CC 2018 software.
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Publication 2023
Bromine Ethyl Methanesulfonate Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Microscopy Microscopy, Confocal MS-222 Oryzias latipes Sepharose tricaine
Forward genetic screening was conducted as previously described24 . Briefly, to identify factors regulating CEC-5, we chemically mutagenized GFP::CEC-5 strain by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), followed by a clonal screening. The F2 progeny worms were visualized under fluorescent microscope at adult stage. One mutant that disrupted the nuclear puncta formation of CEC-5 was isolated from one thousand haploid genomes. CEC-5(R124C) was identified by genome re-sequencing.
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Publication 2023
Adult Clone Cells Ethyl Methanesulfonate Genome Helminths Microscopy Strains
Parasites were chemically mutagenized as previously described, with the following modifications [37 (link)]. Briefly, ~107 tachyzoites (RH strain) growing intracellularly in HFF cells in a T25 flask were incubated at 37°C for 4 h in 0.1% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) DMEM growth medium containing either 2.5 mM ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) or the appropriate vehicle controls. After exposure to the mutagen, parasites were washed three times with 1XPBS. The mutagenized population was allowed to recover in a fresh T25 flask containing an HFF monolayer without the drug for 3–5 days. Released tachyzoites were then inoculated into fresh cell monolayers in a medium containing 100 nM L35 and incubated until viable extracellular tachyzoites emerged 8–10 days later. Surviving parasites were passaged once more under continued L35 treatment and cloned by limiting dilution. Four cloned mutants were isolated, each from 6 independent mutagenesis experiments. Thus, each flask contained unique SNV pools.
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Publication 2023
Cells Ethyl Methanesulfonate Fetal Bovine Serum Mutagenesis Mutagens Parasites Pharmaceutical Preparations Strains Technique, Dilution

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MS-222 is a chemical compound commonly used as a fish anesthetic in research and aquaculture settings. It is a white, crystalline powder that can be dissolved in water to create a sedative solution for fish. The primary function of MS-222 is to temporarily immobilize fish, allowing for safe handling, examination, or other procedures to be performed. This product is widely used in the scientific community to facilitate the study and care of various fish species.
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Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate is a chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It functions as an anesthetic agent for fish and amphibians.
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Ethyl methanesulfonate is a colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It serves as a potent alkylating agent, primarily utilized for introducing mutations in genetic materials during scientific research and experimentation.
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Tricaine is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound commonly used as an anesthetic for fish and amphibians in research and aquaculture settings. Tricaine functions by inhibiting sodium ion channels, resulting in a reversible state of unconsciousness in the organism.
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Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a mutagenic agent, capable of inducing genetic mutations in biological systems. The core purpose of EMS is to facilitate the study of genetic processes and the evaluation of the effects of chemical compounds on genetic material.
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Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate salt is a chemical compound commonly used as a local anesthetic and analgesic in laboratory research settings. It is a crystalline solid with a white to off-white appearance. The compound's primary function is to provide pain relief and numbing effects in experimental procedures involving animals or tissues.
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More about "Ethyl Methanesulfonate"

Ethyl Methanesulfonate, also known as EMS, is a versatile chemical compound with the formula CH3SO2OCH2CH3.
This reagent is widely used in genetic research and organic synthesis due to its powerful mutagenic properties.
EMS is capable of inducing a variety of genetic alterations, making it a valuable tool for studying mutagenesis and gene function.
Researchers often utilize EMS in conjunction with other compounds, such as MS-222 (Tricaine methanesulfonate), DMSO, and Collagenase type I, to achieve desired outcomes in their experiments.
MS-222, for example, is a common anesthetic used in aquatic research, while DMSO is a popular solvent that can enhance the penetration of EMS into cells.
The effects of EMS can be wide-ranging, from inducing point mutations to larger-scale chromosomal changes.
Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate salt, also known as Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), is a related compound that shares some of EMS's properties and applications.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help streamline your research on EMS by locating the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
The platform's intelligent comparisons can identify the most effective methods for working with this powerful mutagen, allowing you to optimize your research and find the optimal solution.
Whether you're studying mutagenesis, gene function, or utilizing EMS in organic synthesis, PubCompare.ai can be a valuable resource in your research endeavors.
Discover the power of this platform and take your EMS-related projects to the next level.