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Snus

Snus is a moist, smokeless tobacco product that is placed under the upper lip for extended periods.
It is commonly used in Nordic countries and is gaining popularity globally.
Snus is made from air-cured tobacco, with added flavors and other ingredients.
Unlike traditional snuff, snus does not require spitting and has a lower nitrosamine content.
Research on snus usage patterns, health effects, and regulatory issues is an active area of study.
PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform can enhace reproducibility and accurary in snus reserach by quickly locating relevant protocols and leveraging AI-driven comparisons to identify the best methods and products.

Most cited protocols related to «Snus»

1
Prevalence of Tobacco Product Use
Analyses were conducted with the use of Stata 12 software.32 Prevalence estimates were weighted to represent the U.S. adult and youth populations. Variances were estimated with the method of balanced, repeated replications,33 with Fay’s adjustment set to 0.3 to increase the stability of estimates.34 The logit-transformation method was used to calculate confidence intervals. The tables show 95% confidence intervals for point estimates.
The prevalences of product awareness and use of each product type, use of any cigar, use of smokeless tobacco including snus pouches, and use of any tobacco were computed according to the use categories shown in Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix as they pertained to adults and youths, stratified according to age group (12 to 14 years, 15 to 17 years, 18 to 24 years, or ≥25 years). Among adults, the prevalence of current regular use (cigarettes) or current use (other tobacco products) was also stratified according to sex, age, race or ethnic group, sexual orientation, educational attainment, total annual household income, and U.S. Census region. Among youths, the prevalences of ever use and use in the previous 30 days were also stratified according to sex, age, race or ethnic group, sexual orientation (asked of those ≥14 years of age), educational level, and U.S. Census region.
The prevalences of overall and product-specific single-product use and multiple-product use were determined in the entire adult study population, in the entire youth study population, among adult tobacco users, and among youth tobacco users. Among adult multiple-product users and separately among youth multiple-product users, all combinations of tobacco products used were determined, and each combination that accounted for at least 1% of multiple-product users is presented.
Kasza K.A., Ambrose B.K., Conway K.P., Borek N., Taylor K., Goniewicz M.L., Cummings K.M., Sharma E., Pearson J.L., Green V.R., Kaufman A.R., Bansal-Travers M., Travers M.J., Kwan J., Tworek C., Cheng Y.C., Yang L., Pharris-Ciurej N., van Bemmel D.M., Backinger C.L., Compton W.M, & Hyland A.J. (2017). Tobacco-Product Use by Adults and Youths in the United States in 2013 and 2014. The New England journal of medicine, 376(4), 342-353.
Publication 2017
Adult Age Groups Awareness DNA Replication Ethnicity Households Sexual Orientation Smokeless Snus Tobacco Products Youth
2
Perception of Tobacco and Marijuana Products
The participants were asked the following questions: “How harmful to your health do you think each of the following products are?”; “How addictive do you think each of the following products are?”; and “How socially acceptable among your peers do you think each of the following products are?” in reference to each of the following substances: cigarettes; cigar-like tobacco products (e.g., cigars, clove cigars, little cigars, cigarillos); smokeless tobacco (e.g., chew, snus, dissolvables); hookahs or waterpipes; electronic cigarettes; and marijuana. Response options were 1 = not at all to 7 = extremely. We calculated an overall favorability index of each of the tobacco products and marijuana. This was calculated by subtracting the perceived harm and the perceived addictiveness scores from 7 respectively, and adding it to the social acceptability score, for a higher favorability score to reflect lower perceived harm and addictiveness and higher perceived social acceptability.
Berg C.J., Stratton E., Schauer G.L., Lewis M., Wang Y., Windle M, & Kegler M. (2014). Perceived Harm, Addictiveness, and Social Acceptability of Tobacco Products and Marijuana Among Young Adults: Marijuana, Hookah, and Electronic Cigarettes Win. Substance use & misuse, 50(1), 79-89.
Publication 2014
Addictive Behavior Cannabis sativa Chewing Snus Syzygium aromaticum Tobacco Products
3
Comprehensive Tobacco Use Assessment
For each type of tobacco product, participants were asked a series of questions, including whether they had heard of the product (except cigarettes, for which universal awareness was assumed); whether they had ever used the product, even one or two puffs or one or two times; whether they had used the product during the previous 30 days; on how many of the previous 30 days they had used the product; and how much of each type of product they had used in their lifetimes. Adult participants were also asked whether they had ever used the product “fairly regularly” and whether they now use the product every day, some days, or not at all (non-daily users of hookah were also asked their frequency of use). Adults who had ever used a product but now use it “not at all” were asked how long it had been since they quit using it (responses were given in days, months, or years).
Various categories of tobacco use were assessed for each type of tobacco product. Current use indicates that the participant now smokes or uses the product every day or some days (for each tobacco product other than hookah; for hookah, current use indicates that the participant now uses the product every day, some days, usually weekly, or usually monthly). Current regular use indicates that the participant has ever smoked or used the product “fairly regularly” and now smokes or uses the product every day or some days (for each tobacco product other than cigarettes and hookah; for cigarettes, current regular use indicates that the participant has smoked ≥100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime and now smokes every day or some days; for hookah, current regular use indicates that the participant has ever used the product “fairly regularly” and now uses the product every day, some days, usually weekly, or usually monthly). Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix presents additional categories of tobacco use that were assessed for each type of tobacco product. In addition, for each use category, use of any cigar was defined as use of at least one type of cigar (traditional cigars, cigarillos, or filtered cigars), use of smokeless tobacco including snus pouches was defined as use of either product, and use of any tobacco was defined as use of at least one of the 10 (adults) or 12 (youths) types of tobacco products. An exception to the definition of “any tobacco use” was current use of tobacco among adults, which was determined on the basis of current regular use in the case of cigarettes and current use in the case of every other tobacco product. Defining nonuse of any cigars, smokeless tobacco including snus pouches, and any tobacco required complete data on all types of the respective tobacco products assessed.
Kasza K.A., Ambrose B.K., Conway K.P., Borek N., Taylor K., Goniewicz M.L., Cummings K.M., Sharma E., Pearson J.L., Green V.R., Kaufman A.R., Bansal-Travers M., Travers M.J., Kwan J., Tworek C., Cheng Y.C., Yang L., Pharris-Ciurej N., van Bemmel D.M., Backinger C.L., Compton W.M, & Hyland A.J. (2017). Tobacco-Product Use by Adults and Youths in the United States in 2013 and 2014. The New England journal of medicine, 376(4), 342-353.
Publication 2017
Adult Awareness Hearing Smoke Smokeless Snus Tobacco Products Youth
4
Comprehensive Tobacco Use Assessment

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Publication 2017
Mint Snuff Poly A Smokeless Snus Tobacco Products Tobacco Use Disorder
5
Flavored Tobacco Use Among Youth and Adults

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Publication 2017
Adult Cacao Candy Ethanol Ethnicity Fruit Gender Households Marijuana Use Mentha Menthol Smoke Snus Spices Substance Use Syzygium aromaticum Taste Tobacco Products Tobacco Use Disorder Wine Youth

Most recents protocols related to «Snus»

1
Assessing E-Cigarette Perceptions and Use
A cross-sectional questionnaire regarding e-cigarettes and tobacco products was
created based on a review of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) National
Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), current e-cigarette publications, tobacco
publications, and related news releases.15 (link)-19 (link, link, no link found, link) The NYTS was used as a
guide to quantify tobacco and e-cigarette use, while the publications by Weaver
et al and Gibson et al provided a framework for the questions about perception
of benefits and harms related to e-cigarettes. Survey questions about
e-cigarettes and smoking cessation were modeled after those found in the
publication by Franks et al.19 (link) Additional insight was
gathered by visiting local vape shops to help guide terminology and trends in
e-cigarette use. A draft questionnaire was presented at a roundtable discussion
to 20 faculty and administrators for feedback. To further improve validity, the
authors invited four college students to pilot the survey and review it for
readability. To assess reliability, 17 college students piloted the online
questionnaire two times each about one week apart. Responses of those students
were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficients and Cronbach’s alpha. A
statistician reviewed the validity results and final revisions were made to the
questionnaire. The study was deemed exempt by the authors’ Institutional Review
Board (IRB).
The questionnaire was built with conditional logic to learn about personal use of
various tobacco forms based on definitions from the NYTS.18 Participants were divided into three groups current user, past user or never.
Consistent with the NYTS, use of traditional cigarettes was defined as smoking
at least 100 cigarettes or 5 packs ever. Use of combustible non-cigarette
tobacco (cigars, cigarillos, pipes, hookah, or little filtered cigars) was
defined as smoking at least 50 times ever. Use of smokeless tobacco (chewing
tobacco, snuff, snus, or dip) was defined as at least 20 uses ever. Use of
e-cigarettes was defined as using at least once ever. Never users are all
participants who selected “no” when asked if they had ever used the amount of
tobacco product as defined. To determine if participants were current or past
users, participants were asked if they now use each product every day, some days
or not at all. Those who selected every day or some days were considered current
users. If participants selected not at all then they were considered past users.
Perception of e-cigarettes compared to other tobacco products was assessed using
a 6-point Likert scale with 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = somewhat
disagree, 3.5 = unsure, 4 = somewhat agree, 5 = agree, 6 = strongly agree.
Additional questions asked about perceived risks and benefits of
e-cigarettes.
Kelsh S., Ottney A., Young M., Kelly M., Larson R, & Sohn M. (2023). Young Adults’ Electronic Cigarette Use and Perceptions of Risk. Tobacco Use Insights, 16, 1179173X231161313.
Publication 2023
Administrators Faculty Mint Snuff Patient Discharge piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) Smokeless Snus Student Tobacco Products VAPE protocol
2
Substance Use Assessment Protocol
The use of cigarettes was assessed by one item with response options “I have never smoked” (coded 0), “I used to smoke, but I stopped completely now” (0), “I smoke less than once a week” (1), “I smoke every week, but not every day” (2), and “I smoke every day” (3). The first two response options were both coded 0, as both options indicated no current cigarette use. The use of e-cigarettes and snus was assessed by two additional questions and coded similarly. Alcohol use was measured by one item with response options ranging from 0, “Never”, to 4, “Every week”. Cannabis use and ‘other illicit drug use’ during the previous 12 months were measured with response options ranging from 0, “never”, to 4, “11 or more times”. See Table S1 for a detailed account of all substance use items and their response options.
Rodríguez-Cano R., Kypriotakis G., Cortés-García L., Bakken A, & von Soest T. (2023). Polysubstance use and its correlation with psychosocial and health risk behaviours among more than 95,000 Norwegian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic (January to May 2021): a latent profile analysis. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, 28, 100603.
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Publication 2023
Cannabis Illicit Drugs Smoke Snus substance S1
3
Substance Use Profiles Identification via LPA
To identify substance use profiles, we used LPA, where all six indicators of substance use (i.e., cigarette, e-cigarette, snus, alcohol, cannabis, and ‘other illicit drug’ use) were included as continuous variables. Following recent guidelines on applying LPA,12 we ran an iterative process to identify the best profile solutions and their correlates. 1) Profile enumeration phase. We tested four different variance-covariance structures for profiles (i.e., invariant diagonal, varying diagonal, invariant non-diagonal, and varying non-diagonal) for each set of models ranging from 1 to 6 profile solutions. We verified the replication of the best log-likelihood value to avoid local maxima with three different sets of random starting points among each model. 2) Model evaluation. We used the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and sample size adjusted BIC (SABIC) to assess model fit. We also evaluated log-likelihood-based indices, such as the adjusted Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood ratio test (LMR-LRT) and the bootstrapped likelihood ratio test value (BLRT). Statistically significant results indicate that the K profile model fits the data better than the K-1 profile model. However, in studies with large sample sizes, the fit indices may have significant values in all comparisons, even when practical significance is low.12 3) Contender model assessment. Once we identified the preferred model (i.e., the contender model), we analysed whether the profiles of the model were identified correctly by calculating the Average Posterior Probability (AvePP) and Odds of Correct Classification (OCC). AvePP closer to 1 and OCC >5 support adequate profile separation and precision. 4) Latent profiles correlates. Finally, we assessed correlates of substance use profiles from the contender model by including potential correlates as predictors of latent profiles in multinomial logistic regressions with the three-step approach in Mplus 8.5.22 We reported odds ratios (ORs) and ORs with adjustments for age, gender, socio-economic status, parental control, and parents' permissiveness with adolescents' alcohol use.
LPA analyses were run with Mplus 8.5.23 We set the level of significance to p < 0.01. We used full maximum likelihood estimation with robust standard errors to estimate the latent profiles. Moreover, multiple imputations with ten imputation samples were conducted to handle missing data in all logistic regression analyses under the missing at random (MAR) assumption.
Rodríguez-Cano R., Kypriotakis G., Cortés-García L., Bakken A, & von Soest T. (2023). Polysubstance use and its correlation with psychosocial and health risk behaviours among more than 95,000 Norwegian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic (January to May 2021): a latent profile analysis. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, 28, 100603.
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Publication 2023
Cannabis DNA Replication Ethanol Gender Illicit Drugs Parent Snus Substance Use
4
Meningococcal Carriage Risk Factors
Study participants were recruited at Örebro University, Sweden, on four occasions, September 2018, January 2019, May 2019 and September 2019. The sample collection took place at two campuses of the university, the medical campus and the general campus, located at a distance of three km from each other.
All students at the university were eligible for inclusion and the students could participate on one or more of the sampling occasions. The students were informed about the study in advance via posters, social media and the university's home page. They were also approached about participation by the researchers in major hallways of the university buildings, and provided with written and oral information about the study. At inclusion, each participant generated a unique digital study code, enabling repeated data input from the same individual without storage of civic number or other personal data.
The participating students completed an electronic questionnaire, connected with their personal study code, to assess risk factors for meningococcal carriage, including age, household conditions, current or recent upper respiratory tract infection, recent use of antibiotics, smoking habits, frequency of alcohol drinking, frequency of attending parties, pubs or night clubs and prior meningococcal vaccination.
The questionnaire also contained questions about number of persons kissed in the last week, and whether the participant had shared a glass or bottle, as well as use of a water pipe or cannabis, which are both usually shared between people. In addition, the participants reported their use of Swedish snus (moist powder tobacco in powder form or packaged in tea bag-like portion sachets made of cellulose fibres, placed inside the upper lip).
Olof S., Lorraine E., Berhane A. I., Alexander P., Anders M., Sara T.H., Martin S., Per O., Hans F., Bianca S., Eva S., Paula M, & Susanne J. (2023). Prevalence and persistence of Neisseria meningitidis carriage in Swedish university students. Epidemiology and Infection, 151, e25.
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Publication 2023
Antibiotics Cannabis Cellulose Cordocentesis Fibrosis Fingers Households Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Powder Snus Specimen Collection Student Tobacco Products Upper Respiratory Infections Vaccine, Meningococcal
5
Meningococcal Carriage Epidemiology
This was a descriptive study of N. meningitidis carriage, with cross-sectional data obtained at the four sampling occasions and with longitudinal data for students participating more than once. Logistic regression was used to adjust for possible confounders in the analysis of associations for risk factors and carriage. The effect of individuals participating more than once was balanced by using logistic regression with generalised estimating equations and with unstructured correlation structure between sampling occasions. Both unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed to evaluate the variables' independent associations with carriage. All risk factors for carriage were analysed as categorical variables; however, age was analysed both as a continuous variable using odds ratio (OR) per year and in three categories (≤22, 23–29, ≥30 years). In addition, the frequencies of a number of habits (cigarette smoking, use of Swedish snus, alcohol drinking and attending parties, pubs or clubs) were analysed as linear trend (OR per category) in relation to carriage. The statistical calculations were performed using version 17 of STATA (STATACorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA). Two-sided P values of <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Olof S., Lorraine E., Berhane A. I., Alexander P., Anders M., Sara T.H., Martin S., Per O., Hans F., Bianca S., Eva S., Paula M, & Susanne J. (2023). Prevalence and persistence of Neisseria meningitidis carriage in Swedish university students. Epidemiology and Infection, 151, e25.
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Publication 2023
Cordocentesis Neisseria meningitidis Snus Student

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More about "Snus"

Snus, a moist, smokeless tobacco product, has gained popularity globally, particularly in Nordic countries.
This air-cured tobacco, infused with flavors and other ingredients, is placed under the upper lip for extended periods.
Unlike traditional snuff, snus does not require spitting and has a lower nitrosamine content.
Researchers are actively studying snus usage patterns, health effects, and regulatory issues.
PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform can enhance reproducibility and accuracy in snus research by quickly locating relevant protocols and leveraging AI-driven comparisons to identify the best methods and products.
Researchers can leverage various statistical software like Stata, SPSS Statistics, and their newer versions, such as Stata/IC 15.1 for Windows and SPSS 25.0, to analyze data related to snus usage and its impact.
Additionally, tools like the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability and Counting Kit can be utilized to assess the microbial quality and safety of snus products.
Furthermore, cell lines such as SNU can be used to study the cellular effects of snus and its components, including nicotine bitartrate.
By incorporating these insights and leveraging innovative solutions like PubCompare.ai, researchers can improve the reproducibility and accuracy of their snus studies, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of this evolving tobacco product and its implications.