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Immunosuppressive Agents

Immunosuppressive Agents are pharmacological substances that inhibit or prevent the activity of the immune system.
These agents are used to prevent organ rejection in transplant recipients and to treat autoimmune disorders and other conditions where the immune response plays a pathogenic role.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform allows researchers to easily locate the best protocols and products for working with immunosuppressive agents, streamlining the research process and supporting informed decision-making with cutting-edage technology.

Most cited protocols related to «Immunosuppressive Agents»

Multivariate Cox regression, log-rank test and Kaplan–Meier estimators were implemented using the R package survival. The association between CD8 T-cell abundance and tumor status was evaluated using logistic regression corrected for age and clinical stage and was implemented using the R package glm. The same analysis was performed for neutrophil abundance and gender associations, corrected for age and smoking history. Partial correlations of immune cell abundance and gene expression of chemokines and receptors, somatic mutation counts, CT gene expression, as well as immunosuppressive molecule expression were calculated using the R package ppcor. Multiple test correction was performed using the R package qvalue [39 ] and FDR thresholds are applied based on the abundance of signals in the data. In this study, we applied the Pearson correlation to purity and gene expression because it is reasonable to expect that the expression level is linearly associated with tumor purity. For others, we used the Spearman correlation. We applied partial correlation analysis to remove the influence of tumor purity on the involved variables. All other analyses, including linear regression, Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Spearman’s correlation, and hierarchical clustering, were performed using R [40 ]. Of note, in Figs. 2b and 3b, we used the 20 percentile as a cutoff only to help visualize the association of immune infiltration with outcomes and the statistical significance was determined by multivariate Cox regression (Fig. 3a) including all the samples. Our results on survival analysis, neoantigen association, tumor recurrence, and association of checkpoint blockade inhibitory molecules with immune cells are available in Additional file 10: Table S8.
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Publication 2016
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cells Chemokine Diploid Cell Gender Gene Expression Immunosuppressive Agents Inhibitory Checkpoint Molecules Mutation Neoplasms Neutrophil Recurrence
Clinical investigations have highlighted cell infiltrations in TME as pivotal contributors to the complex anti-tumor immunity in malignancies. TME-cell deconvolution is the major technological hurdle, and the deconvolution algorithms vary in their merits and pitfalls (10 (link), 11 (link)). IOBR integrates eight open-source deconvolution methodologies, namely, CIBERSORT (12 (link)), ESTIMATE (13 (link)), quanTIseq (14 (link)), TIMER (15 (link)), IPS (16 (link)), MCPCounter (17 (link)), xCell (18 (link)), and EPIC (19 (link)).
CIBERSORT is the most well-recognized method for detecting 22 immune cells in TME, allowing large-scale analysis of RNA mixtures for cellular biomarkers and therapeutic targets with promising accuracy (12 (link)). Notably, through the adoption of the linear vector regression principle of CIBERSORT, IOBR allows users to construct a self-defined signature. The availability of its input file was extended to cell-subsets derived from single-cell sequencing results. ESTEMATE dissects non-malignant contextures, including stromal and immune signatures, to determine tumor purity (13 (link)). The quanTIseq method enumerates 10 immune cell subsets from bulk RNAseq data (14 (link)). TIMER quantifies the abundance of six tumor-infiltrating immune compartments and provides six major analytic modules for analyzing the immune infiltration with other cancer molecular profiles (15 (link)). IPS estimates 28 TIL subpopulations, including effector and memory T cells and immunosuppressive cells (16 (link)). MCP-counter conducts robust quantification of the absolute abundance of eight immune and two stromal cell populations in heterogeneous tissues from transcriptomic data (17 (link)). xCell provides a comprehensive view of 64 immune cells from RNA-seq data and other cell subsets in bulk tumor tissue (18 (link)). EPIC decodes the proportion of immune and cancer cells from the expression of genes and compares it with the gene expression profiles from specific cells to predict the cell subpopulation landscape (19 (link)). In a nutshell, IOBR R package and web-based interface enable the convenient integration and visualization of the above-mentioned deconvolution results and a flexible selection of particular methodologies of interest.
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Publication 2021
Biological Markers Cells Cloning Vectors Complex, Immune Dietary Fiber Gene Expression Profiling Genetic Heterogeneity Immunosuppressive Agents Malignant Neoplasms Memory T Cells Neoplasms Population Group Proto-Oncogenes RNA-Seq Stromal Cells Therapeutics Tissues
All distinct ICD9 billing codes from each of the individuals' records were captured and translated into corresponding case groupings. For our purposes, a ‘case’ is a record that has a single, valid ICD9 code that maps to PheWAS case group. Other individuals were marked as ‘controls’ for a given case if they did not have any ICD9 codes belonging to the exclusion code grouping corresponding for that case. The PheWAS algorithm, then calculates case and control genotype distributions and calculates the χ2 distribution, associated allelic P-value and allelic odds ratio (OR). For those χ2 distributions in which observed cell counts fell below five, Fisher's exact test was used to calculate the P-value using the R statistical package (http://www.r-project.org/). Since many phenotypes, even after ICD9 code groupings, occur rarely, we selected only those that occurred in a minimum of 25 cases (0.42% of genotyped patients) as a threshold of clinical interest.
After the initial study, we conducted a failure analysis on the previously associated phenotypes that did not replicate using the PheWAS method. To investigate these further, we performed a physician chart review on all individuals with SLE and CAS by PheWAS code groups and analyzed the electrocardiograms of all patients with ICD9 codes indicative of AF. Our gold-standard definition of SLE required that a treating physician document an SLE diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment via a clinical note or problem list. True positive cases of CAS required presence of carotid duplex sonography, traditional angiography, computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography demonstrating hemodynamically significant stenosis of the common or internal carotid artery. We assessed AF cases by processing all electrocardiograms using a previously validated natural language processing algorithm (Denny et al., 2005 (link)).
Publication 2010
Alleles Angiography Computed Tomography Angiography Diagnosis Electrocardiogram Gold Immunosuppressive Agents Internal Carotid Arteries Magnetic Resonance Angiography Microtubule-Associated Proteins Patients Phenotype Physicians Stenosis Ultrasonography, Carotid Arteries
We enrolled patients at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, and Mbarara Hospital, Mbarara — both in Uganda — and at GF Jooste Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, beginning in November 2010, February 2011, and April 2011, respectively. Patients with suspected meningitis were screened at the time of hospital presentation and counseled regarding cryptococcosis, HIV and AIDS, ART, and possible research participation. Eligibility criteria for enrollment were an age of 18 years or older, a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, no previous receipt of ART, a diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture or CSF cryptococcal antigen assay, and treatment with amphotericin-based therapy. Exclusion criteria were an inability to undergo follow-up, contraindication for or refusal to undergo lumbar punctures, multiple concurrent CNS infections, previous cryptococcosis, receipt of chemotherapy or immunosuppressive agents, pregnancy, breast-feeding, and serious coexisting conditions that precluded random assignment to earlier or deferred ART. Women included in the study agreed to use two forms of contraception, because high-dose fluconazole is potentially teratogenic during the first trimester of pregnancy. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant or his or her surrogate. The institutional review board at each participating site approved the study.
Publication 2014
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Amphotericin Antigens Biological Assay Central Nervous System Infection Cerebrospinal Fluid Contraceptive Methods Cryptococcus Cryptococcus neoformans Infections Diagnosis Eligibility Determination Ethics Committees, Research Fluconazole HIV HIV Infections Immunosuppressive Agents Inpatient Meningitis Meningitis, Cryptococcal Patients Pharmacotherapy Pregnancy Punctures, Lumbar Teratogenesis Therapeutics Woman
Overall design of the study is shown in Figures 1 - 3. Patients were recruited prospectively as part of a UK National Institute of Health Research-supported study (NIHR ID 8209), the Immunopathology of Respiratory, Inflammatory and Infectious Disease Study (IRIS), which recruited children at three UK hospitals; patients were also recruited in Spain (GENDRES network, Santiago de Compostela), and USA (Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego). Inclusion criteria were fever (axillary temperature ≥38°C) and perceived illness of sufficient severity to warrant blood testing in children <17 years of age. Patients with co-morbidities likely to affect gene expression (bone marrow transplant, immunodeficiency, or immunosuppressive treatment) were excluded. Blood samples for RNA analysis were collected together with clinical blood tests at, or as close as possible to, presentation to hospital, irrespective of antibiotic use at the time of collection.
Publication 2016
Antibiotics Axilla Bone Marrow Transplantation Child Communicable Diseases Fever Gene Expression Hematologic Tests Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Immunosuppressive Agents Inflammation Patients Respiratory Rate

Most recents protocols related to «Immunosuppressive Agents»

Example 12

As a proof of concept, the patient population of this study is patients that (1) have moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, regardless of extent, and (2) have had an insufficient response to a previous treatment, e.g., a conventional therapy (e.g., 5-ASA, corticosteroid, and/or immunosuppressant) or a FDA-approved treatment. In this placebo-controlled eight-week study, patients are randomized. All patient undergo a colonoscopy at the start of the study (baseline) and at week 8. Patients enrolled in the study are assessed for clinical status of disease by stool frequency, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, physician's global assessment, and biomarker levels such as fecal calprotectin and hsCRP. The primary endpoint is a shift in endoscopy scores from Baseline to Week 8. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include safety and tolerability, change in rectal bleeding score, change in abdominal pain score, change in stool frequency, change in partial Mayo score, change in Mayo score, proportion of subjects achieving endoscopy remission, proportion of subjects achieving clinical remission, change in histology score, change in biomarkers of disease such as fecal calprotectin and hsCRP, level of adalimumab in the blood/tissue/stool, change in cytokine levels (e.g., TNFα, IL-6) in the blood and tissue.

FIG. 72 describes an exemplary process of what would occur in clinical practice, and when, where, and how the ingestible device will be used. Briefly, a patient displays symptoms of ulcerative colitis, including but not limited to: diarrhea, bloody stool, abdominal pain, high c-reactive protein (CRP), and/or high fecal calprotectin. A patient may or may not have undergone a colonoscopy with diagnosis of ulcerative colitis at this time. The patient's primary care physician refers the patient. The patient undergoes a colonoscopy with a biopsy, CT scan, and/or MRI. Based on this testing, the patient is diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Most patients are diagnosed with ulcerative colitis by colonoscopy with biopsy. The severity based on clinical symptoms and endoscopic appearance, and the extent, based on the area of involvement on colonoscopy with or without CT/MRI is documented. Treatment is determined based on diagnosis, severity and extent.

For example, treatment for a patient that is diagnosed with ulcerative colitis is an ingestible device programmed to release a single bolus of a therapeutic agent, e.g., 40 mg adalimumab, in the cecum or proximal to the cecum. Prior to administration of the treatment, the patient is fasted overnight and is allowed to drink clear fluids. Four hours after swallowing the ingestible device, the patient can resume a normal diet. An ingestible device is swallowed at the same time each day. The ingestible device is not recovered.

In some embodiments, there may be two different ingestible devices: one including an induction dose (first 8 to 12 weeks) and a different ingestible device including a different dose or a different dosing interval.

In some examples, the ingestible device can include a mapping tool, which can be used after 8 to 12 weeks of induction therapy, to assess the response status (e.g., based on one or more of the following: drug level, drug antibody level, biomarker level, and mucosal healing status). Depending on the response status determined by the mapping tool, a subject may continue to receive an induction regimen or maintenance regimen of adalimumab.

In different clinical studies, the patients may be diagnosed with Crohn's disease and the ingestible devices (including adalimumab) can be programmed to release adalimumab in the cecum, or in both the cecum and transverse colon.

In different clinical studies, the patients may be diagnosed with illeocolonic Crohn's disease and the ingestible devices (including adalimumab) can be programmed to release adalimumab in the late jejunum or in the jejunum and transverse colon.

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Patent 2024
Abdominal Pain Adalimumab Adrenal Cortex Hormones Biological Markers Biopsy BLOOD Cecum Colonoscopy C Reactive Protein Crohn Disease Cytokine Diarrhea Diet Endoscopy Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal Feces Homo sapiens Immunoglobulins Immunosuppressive Agents Jejunum Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex Medical Devices Mesalamine Mucous Membrane Neoadjuvant Therapy Patient Care Management Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Placebos Primary Care Physicians Safety Therapeutics Tissues Transverse Colon Treatment Protocols Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Ulcerative Colitis X-Ray Computed Tomography
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Example 11

IL-17A Enhances BM-MSC-Mediated Immunosuppression on T-Cell Proliferation.

To test if the IL-17A enhanced iNOS expression is functional or not, a MSC-T cell co-culture system was performed to evaluate the immunosuppressive activity of MSCs. As shown in FIG. 7, supplementation with IFNγ and TNFα could decrease T-cell proliferation in a cytokine concentration dependent manner. Strikingly, addition of IL-17A enhanced the suppression of MSCs on T-cell proliferation. Therefore, IL-17A is functional in the enhancement of MSC-mediated immunosuppression.

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Patent 2024
Cell Proliferation Coculture Techniques Cytokine Immunosuppression Immunosuppressive Agents Interferon Type II Interleukin-11 Interleukin-17A Mesenchymal Stem Cells NOS2A protein, human Response, Immune T-Lymphocyte Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Example 7

Tumor-Derived MSC-Like Lymphoma Stromal Cells are Immunosuppressive

Since the tumor cells in lymphoma are not adherent, it is possible to isolate tumor stromal cells from lymphomas developed in p53+/− mice. It was observed that these cells can be passaged in vitro and can be differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblast-like cells. Interestingly, like bone marrow derived MSCs, these tumor stromal cells are also immunosuppressive and can effectively inhibit the proliferation of ant-CD3-activated splenocytes. This immunosuppressive effect was also dependent on IFNγ+TNF α and NO, since anti-IFNγ IFNγ and iNOS inhibitors could reverse the immunosuppressive effect.

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Patent 2024
Adipocytes Bone Marrow Cardiac Arrest Cells Immunosuppressive Agents inhibitors Interferon Type II Lymphoma Mesenchyma Mus Neoplasms NOS2A protein, human Osteoblasts Response, Immune Stem, Plant Stromal Cells Tumor-Derived Activated Cells Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
The sample size was planned to be at least 120 in this study, with the set of α = 0.05; β = 0.2; degree of freedom (df) = 120; RMSEA = 0.05 in the null hypothesis; RMSEA = 0.08 in the test of close fit, and RMSEA = 0.01 in the test of non-close fit (37 (link)). The calculation was completed in R 4.2.2.
A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in the present study. Participants were recruited from Zhongmu, Henan province, China, and they were invited to fill out a questionnaire including demographics and DSMS by convenience sampling from November 2nd, 2021 to November 12nd, 2021. The inclusion criteria were: (1) Registered clinically diagnosed diabetic patients aged from 45 to 65 years old; (2) Fasting blood glucose level is not lower than 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c is not lower than 6.5%; (3) Can independently finish questionnaires; (4) Can sign the informed consent form and cooperate to complete all the research contents. The exclusion criteria were: (1) Patients with serious diseases (such as malignant tumors), immunodeficiency or immunosuppressants, or those with severe neurological or mental disorders; (2) Patients who are deaf-mute, unable to move, etc. Investigators who are familiar with the local dialect were recruited and trained. Unified instructions were set for each item in the questionnaire for the investigators to ask questions, and they would fill out the questionnaire according to the answers of the participants. After the investigators and proofreaders sign at the end of each questionnaire, it is deemed that the investigation of this sample is completed. Epidata software was used for data entry and double check to ensure the accuracy of the data. In this study, 484 participants completed the questionnaires, and 469 out of them met the eligibility criteria of the study, which were employed for subsequent analysis, with an effective recovery rate of 97%. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing, China) (IPB-2021-09).
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Publication 2023
Blood Glucose Chinese Eligibility Determination Ethics Committees Hearing Impaired Persons Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Immunosuppressive Agents Malignant Neoplasms Mental Disorders pathogenesis Patients
This retrospective cohort study was approved by the Zhengzhou University Ethics Committee (2019-KY-018). All the patients submitted written informed consent for participation. We collected the clinical data of 228 patients in the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2014 to April 2021. All patients met the international diagnostic criteria of anti-NMDAR encephalitis (17 (link)), with at least one of the following symptoms: (1) psychiatric disturbance, seizures, abnormal movement, speech disorder, consciousness declination, and autonomic dysfunction/central hypoventilation; (2) CSF positive for anti-NMDAR antibodies; and (3) free of other diseases. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) anti-NMDAR encephalitis previously diagnosed and treated with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, immunosuppressants, plasma exchange, and other immunotherapies in other medical institutions before admission (n = 16); (2) with another comorbid serious disease, such as tumor, recurrent serious infection, recent use of anticoagulants, or other conditions affecting the nervous system (n = 11 patients); and (3) patients with incomplete data (n = 20). The screening process is shown in Figure 1.
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Publication 2023
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Anti-Antibodies Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Anticoagulants Autonomic Nervous System Disorders Consciousness Dyskinesias Ethics Committees Hypoventilation Immunosuppressive Agents Immunotherapy Intravenous Immunoglobulins N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Neoplasms Patients Plasmapheresis Seizures Speech Disorders Systems, Nervous

Top products related to «Immunosuppressive Agents»

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Prograf is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Astellas Pharma. It is used to measure and monitor the levels of the immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus in biological samples.
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Simulect is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Novartis. It is designed for use in scientific research and clinical applications.
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Cellcept is a laboratory product manufactured by Roche. It is a cell culture medium used for the maintenance and growth of cells in vitro.
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Thymoglobulin is a polyclonal antithymocyte globulin (ATG) product developed by Sanofi. It is a sterile, purified, and concentrated immunoglobulin preparation derived from the plasma of horses immunized with human thymocytes. Thymoglobulin is used as an immunosuppressant to prevent and treat acute rejection in organ transplantation.
Sourced in United States, Austria, Japan, Cameroon, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Belgium, Israel, Denmark, Australia, New Caledonia, France, Argentina, Sweden, Ireland, India
SAS version 9.4 is a statistical software package. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and reporting. The software is designed to help users extract insights from data and make informed decisions.
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China
BNT162b2 is a vaccine candidate developed by Pfizer and BioNTech. It is a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine that encodes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The core function of BNT162b2 is to induce an immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Sourced in Switzerland
Myfortic is a mycophenolic acid-based immunosuppressant medication. It is used to prevent organ rejection in adult patients receiving kidney or heart transplants.
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PHA is a type of laboratory equipment used for the analysis and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which are biodegradable and renewable biopolymers. The PHA equipment is designed to facilitate the extraction, purification, and quantification of PHA samples, enabling researchers and scientists to study the properties and potential applications of these materials.
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CFSE (Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester) is a fluorescent dye used for cell proliferation and tracking assays. It binds to cellular proteins, allowing the labeling and monitoring of cell division in various cell types.
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DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.

More about "Immunosuppressive Agents"

Immunosuppressants, immunomodulators, and immunoinhibitors are pharmacological agents that regulate or suppress the immune system.
These compounds are widely used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection, as well as in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, inflammatory conditions, and other diseases where the immune response plays a pathogenic role.
Some common examples of immunosuppressive agents include Prograf (tacrolimus), Simulect (basiliximab), Cellcept (mycophenolate mofetil), and Thymoglobulin (anti-thymocyte globulin).
These medications work by targeting different aspects of the immune cascade, such as T-cell activation (Prograf, Simulect), B-cell proliferation (Cellcept), or lymphocyte depletion (Thymoglobulin).
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to easily identify the best protocols, products, and literature related to immunosuppressive agents.
This cutting-edage technology can help streamline the research process and support informed decision-making, whether you're working with SAS version 9.4, evaluating the effects of BNT162b2, or investigating the use of Myfortic, PHA, CFSE, or DMEM in your experiments.
By understanding the mechanisms, applications, and available tools for working with immunosuppressive agents, researchers can optimize their studies and accelerate progress in transplantation, autoimmunity, and other important areas of biomedical research.