Immunosuppressive Agents
These agents are used to prevent organ rejection in transplant recipients and to treat autoimmune disorders and other conditions where the immune response plays a pathogenic role.
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Most cited protocols related to «Immunosuppressive Agents»
CIBERSORT is the most well-recognized method for detecting 22 immune cells in TME, allowing large-scale analysis of RNA mixtures for cellular biomarkers and therapeutic targets with promising accuracy (12 (link)). Notably, through the adoption of the linear vector regression principle of CIBERSORT, IOBR allows users to construct a self-defined signature. The availability of its input file was extended to cell-subsets derived from single-cell sequencing results. ESTEMATE dissects non-malignant contextures, including stromal and immune signatures, to determine tumor purity (13 (link)). The quanTIseq method enumerates 10 immune cell subsets from bulk RNAseq data (14 (link)). TIMER quantifies the abundance of six tumor-infiltrating immune compartments and provides six major analytic modules for analyzing the immune infiltration with other cancer molecular profiles (15 (link)). IPS estimates 28 TIL subpopulations, including effector and memory T cells and immunosuppressive cells (16 (link)). MCP-counter conducts robust quantification of the absolute abundance of eight immune and two stromal cell populations in heterogeneous tissues from transcriptomic data (17 (link)). xCell provides a comprehensive view of 64 immune cells from RNA-seq data and other cell subsets in bulk tumor tissue (18 (link)). EPIC decodes the proportion of immune and cancer cells from the expression of genes and compares it with the gene expression profiles from specific cells to predict the cell subpopulation landscape (19 (link)). In a nutshell, IOBR R package and web-based interface enable the convenient integration and visualization of the above-mentioned deconvolution results and a flexible selection of particular methodologies of interest.
After the initial study, we conducted a failure analysis on the previously associated phenotypes that did not replicate using the PheWAS method. To investigate these further, we performed a physician chart review on all individuals with SLE and CAS by PheWAS code groups and analyzed the electrocardiograms of all patients with ICD9 codes indicative of AF. Our gold-standard definition of SLE required that a treating physician document an SLE diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment via a clinical note or problem list. True positive cases of CAS required presence of carotid duplex sonography, traditional angiography, computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography demonstrating hemodynamically significant stenosis of the common or internal carotid artery. We assessed AF cases by processing all electrocardiograms using a previously validated natural language processing algorithm (Denny et al., 2005 (link)).
Most recents protocols related to «Immunosuppressive Agents»
Example 12
As a proof of concept, the patient population of this study is patients that (1) have moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, regardless of extent, and (2) have had an insufficient response to a previous treatment, e.g., a conventional therapy (e.g., 5-ASA, corticosteroid, and/or immunosuppressant) or a FDA-approved treatment. In this placebo-controlled eight-week study, patients are randomized. All patient undergo a colonoscopy at the start of the study (baseline) and at week 8. Patients enrolled in the study are assessed for clinical status of disease by stool frequency, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, physician's global assessment, and biomarker levels such as fecal calprotectin and hsCRP. The primary endpoint is a shift in endoscopy scores from Baseline to Week 8. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include safety and tolerability, change in rectal bleeding score, change in abdominal pain score, change in stool frequency, change in partial Mayo score, change in Mayo score, proportion of subjects achieving endoscopy remission, proportion of subjects achieving clinical remission, change in histology score, change in biomarkers of disease such as fecal calprotectin and hsCRP, level of adalimumab in the blood/tissue/stool, change in cytokine levels (e.g., TNFα, IL-6) in the blood and tissue.
For example, treatment for a patient that is diagnosed with ulcerative colitis is an ingestible device programmed to release a single bolus of a therapeutic agent, e.g., 40 mg adalimumab, in the cecum or proximal to the cecum. Prior to administration of the treatment, the patient is fasted overnight and is allowed to drink clear fluids. Four hours after swallowing the ingestible device, the patient can resume a normal diet. An ingestible device is swallowed at the same time each day. The ingestible device is not recovered.
In some embodiments, there may be two different ingestible devices: one including an induction dose (first 8 to 12 weeks) and a different ingestible device including a different dose or a different dosing interval.
In some examples, the ingestible device can include a mapping tool, which can be used after 8 to 12 weeks of induction therapy, to assess the response status (e.g., based on one or more of the following: drug level, drug antibody level, biomarker level, and mucosal healing status). Depending on the response status determined by the mapping tool, a subject may continue to receive an induction regimen or maintenance regimen of adalimumab.
In different clinical studies, the patients may be diagnosed with Crohn's disease and the ingestible devices (including adalimumab) can be programmed to release adalimumab in the cecum, or in both the cecum and transverse colon.
In different clinical studies, the patients may be diagnosed with illeocolonic Crohn's disease and the ingestible devices (including adalimumab) can be programmed to release adalimumab in the late jejunum or in the jejunum and transverse colon.
Example 11
IL-17A Enhances BM-MSC-Mediated Immunosuppression on T-Cell Proliferation.
To test if the IL-17A enhanced iNOS expression is functional or not, a MSC-T cell co-culture system was performed to evaluate the immunosuppressive activity of MSCs. As shown in
Example 7
Tumor-Derived MSC-Like Lymphoma Stromal Cells are Immunosuppressive
Since the tumor cells in lymphoma are not adherent, it is possible to isolate tumor stromal cells from lymphomas developed in p53+/− mice. It was observed that these cells can be passaged in vitro and can be differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblast-like cells. Interestingly, like bone marrow derived MSCs, these tumor stromal cells are also immunosuppressive and can effectively inhibit the proliferation of ant-CD3-activated splenocytes. This immunosuppressive effect was also dependent on IFNγ+TNF α and NO, since anti-IFNγ IFNγ and iNOS inhibitors could reverse the immunosuppressive effect.
A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in the present study. Participants were recruited from Zhongmu, Henan province, China, and they were invited to fill out a questionnaire including demographics and DSMS by convenience sampling from November 2nd, 2021 to November 12nd, 2021. The inclusion criteria were: (1) Registered clinically diagnosed diabetic patients aged from 45 to 65 years old; (2) Fasting blood glucose level is not lower than 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c is not lower than 6.5%; (3) Can independently finish questionnaires; (4) Can sign the informed consent form and cooperate to complete all the research contents. The exclusion criteria were: (1) Patients with serious diseases (such as malignant tumors), immunodeficiency or immunosuppressants, or those with severe neurological or mental disorders; (2) Patients who are deaf-mute, unable to move, etc. Investigators who are familiar with the local dialect were recruited and trained. Unified instructions were set for each item in the questionnaire for the investigators to ask questions, and they would fill out the questionnaire according to the answers of the participants. After the investigators and proofreaders sign at the end of each questionnaire, it is deemed that the investigation of this sample is completed. Epidata software was used for data entry and double check to ensure the accuracy of the data. In this study, 484 participants completed the questionnaires, and 469 out of them met the eligibility criteria of the study, which were employed for subsequent analysis, with an effective recovery rate of 97%. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing, China) (IPB-2021-09).
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More about "Immunosuppressive Agents"
These compounds are widely used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection, as well as in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, inflammatory conditions, and other diseases where the immune response plays a pathogenic role.
Some common examples of immunosuppressive agents include Prograf (tacrolimus), Simulect (basiliximab), Cellcept (mycophenolate mofetil), and Thymoglobulin (anti-thymocyte globulin).
These medications work by targeting different aspects of the immune cascade, such as T-cell activation (Prograf, Simulect), B-cell proliferation (Cellcept), or lymphocyte depletion (Thymoglobulin).
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to easily identify the best protocols, products, and literature related to immunosuppressive agents.
This cutting-edage technology can help streamline the research process and support informed decision-making, whether you're working with SAS version 9.4, evaluating the effects of BNT162b2, or investigating the use of Myfortic, PHA, CFSE, or DMEM in your experiments.
By understanding the mechanisms, applications, and available tools for working with immunosuppressive agents, researchers can optimize their studies and accelerate progress in transplantation, autoimmunity, and other important areas of biomedical research.