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Cobalt-60

Cobalt-60 is a radioactive isotope of the element cobalt, with a half-life of approximately 5.27 years.
It is widely used in medical and industrial applications, including cancer treatment, food irradiation, and industrial radiography.
Cobalt-60 emits high-energy gamma rays that can penetrate deeply into materials, making it a valuable tool for research and analysis.
Researchers studying Cobalt-60 can optimize their workflow and improve reprodducibility with the help of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that helps locate relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while providing smart comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.

Most cited protocols related to «Cobalt-60»

1
Oxidized Alginate Hydrogel Preparation

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Publication 2009
Alginate Alginates Calcium Sulfate Carbohydrates Cobalt-60 Freezing Gamma Rays Gels Polymers sodium metaperiodate Strains Syringes
2
Intratumoral Peptide Therapy with Radiation
Animal studies were performed in accordance with protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Beijing Institute of Biotechnology. Five million tumour cells were injected into the abdominal mammary fat pad (for breast cancer) or the muscle of the right hind limb (for cervical cancer) of 6-week-old female BALB/c nude mice. When tumours reached the volume of approximately 150 mm3, we randomly allocated the mice to groups in which they received placebo (normal saline), peptides or CHK2i with or without IR as indicated. We determined randomization using SPSS 13.0 statistical software. Before IR treatment, peptides dissolved in normal saline (100 μl per mouse) were intratumorally injected. Four hours after injection with 200 μg kg−1 of peptides, the mice were subjected to IR. Injection combined with IR was performed once per week till the end point. Single IR dose (10 cGy once) was delivered to the tumours using a cobalt-60 γ-ray source at a dose rate of 101.8 cGy min−1. CHK2i (100 μg kg−1) was used like peptides. Tumour growth was determined by caliper measurements. Tumour volume was calculated according to the following formula: volume=(longest diameter × shortest diameter2)/2. Excised tumours were weighed, and portions were frozen in liquid nitrogen or fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for further study. Similar experiments done previously were used to estimate sample size.
For FHL1 wild-type and KO mice, 4-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to cobalt-60 γ-ray source for 10 Gy radiation (whole-body single exposure) at a dose rate of 90.85 cGy min−1 and examined for survival. The wild-type mice used for the experiment were littermates of the KO mice and sixteen independent KO mouse lines were analysed.
Xu X., Fan Z., Liang C., Li L., Wang L., Liang Y., Wu J., Chang S., Yan Z., Lv Z., Fu J., Liu Y., Jin S., Wang T., Hong T., Dong Y., Ding L., Cheng L., Liu R., Fu S., Jiao S, & Ye Q. (2017). A signature motif in LIM proteins mediates binding to checkpoint proteins and increases tumour radiosensitivity. Nature Communications, 8, 14059.
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Publication 2017
A-A-1 antibiotic Abdominal Fat Animals Breast Cells Cervical Cancer Cobalt-60 Females Freezing Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Familial, 1 Hindlimb Human Body Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Malignant Neoplasm of Breast Mice, House Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Nude MIN-101 Muscle Tissue Neoplasms Nitrogen Normal Saline paraform Peptides Placebos
3
Generating Gnotobiotic Mosquito Larvae
Axenic (bacteria-free) larvae were produced by placing eggs from each species into sterile Petri dishes containing 70% EtOH for 5 min, transferring to a solution of 3% bleach and 0.1% ROCCAL-D (Pfizer) for 3 min, transferring again to 70% EtOH for 5 min, and rinsing 3x in sterile H2O. Ten eggs were placed in 25 cm2 cell culture flasks (Corning) containing 20 ml of sterile H2O. First instars hatched ca. 12 h later and were fed standard diet or fish food (Tetramin) (2 mg) sterilized by exposure to 5 mGy from a cobalt 60 gamma radiation source housed on the University of Georgia campus (College of Veterinary Medicine). Sterility of larvae and diet were confirmed by culture-based and PCR analysis using universal 16S rRNA primers (Table S1), which indicated no viable bacteria were present. Gnotobiotic larvae were generated by picking a colony of a given bacterial isolate (Table S2) and inoculating into 25 cm2 cell culture flasks (Corning) that contained 20 ml of sterile water, sterilized standard diet (2 mg), and 7–10 axenic first instars. Cultures of gnotobiotic larvae were reared to adulthood by adding new sterilized standard diet every other day until pupation.
We analyzed individual larvae and adults to assess colonization and transmission of bacteria in gnotobiotic mosquitoes. Larvae were rinsed in 70% EtOH, while newly emerged adults were collected from surface sterilized pupae in 2% bleach as described above. Genomic DNA was then isolated from each individual followed by PCR analysis using universal or genus-specific primers. To assess whether bacteria in some manner condition the medium mosquitoes consume, bacteria were added to axenic diet in water and incubated for 72 h at 28° C. The food mixture was then centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 min followed by filter sterilization to produce bacteria-conditioned water. Axenic larvae were then placed in either: 1) conditioned water with or without new sterile diet or 2) conditioned water with sterile diet plus the bacterium used to condition the water. The proportion of first instars that developed into adults and total development time (days) were determined by inspecting cultures daily. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s test. Survival data were arcsin transformed prior to ANOVA. All statistical analyses were performed using R (http://www.r-project.org/).
Coon K.L., Vogel K.J., Brown M.R, & Strand M.R. (2014). Mosquitoes rely on their gut microbiota for development. Molecular ecology, 23(11), 2727-2739.
Publication 2014
Adult Bacteria Cell Culture Techniques Cobalt-60 Culicidae Diet Eggs Ethanol Fishes Food Gamma Rays Genome Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Larva neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Oligonucleotide Primers Pupa RNA, Ribosomal, 16S Sterility, Reproductive Sterilization Transmission, Communicable Disease
4
Engraftment of Fetal Liver CD34+ Cells
Animals were obtained from the Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME) and bred under specific pathogen-free conditions in accordance with the ethical guidelines for care of laboratory animals at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) and set forth by the National Institutes of Health.
CD34+ cells were obtained from fetal liver. Tissues were provided by the University of Washington, Laboratory of Developmental Biology supported by NIH Award Number 5R24HD000836 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development. CD34+ cells were enriched using immunomagnetic beads (CD34+ selection kit; Miltenyi Biotec Inc., Auburn, CA). Purity of CD34+ cells was >90% by flow cytometry. Cells were transplanted into newborn mice irradiated at 1 Gy using a C9 cobalt 60 source (Picker Corporation, Cleveland, OH). CD34+ cells were injected intrahepatically (i.h.) at 105 cells/mouse in 20μl phosphate-buffered saline using a 30-gauge needle. The levels of engraftment and number of human cells in peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry.
Dash P.K., Gorantla S., Gendelman H.E., Knibbe J., Casale G.P., Makarov E., Epstein A.A., Gelbard H.A., Boska M.D, & Poluektova L.Y. (2011). Loss of Neuronal Integrity during Progressive HIV-1 Infection of Humanized Mice. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(9), 3148-3157.
Publication 2011
Animals Animals, Laboratory BLOOD Cells Child Cobalt-60 Fetus Flow Cytometry Homo sapiens Human Development Infant, Newborn Liver Mus Needles Phosphates Saline Solution Specific Pathogen Free Tissues
5
Radiation Exposure in Transgenic Mice

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Publication 2009
AKT1 protein, human Animals Cobalt-60 Females Genotype Head Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Mice, House Neck Nuclear Energy Radiation Exposure tribromoethanol

Most recents protocols related to «Cobalt-60»

1
Gamma Irradiation of Parchment Skin Samples
The samples were prepared for gamma irradiation and analysis at IFIN-HH, IRASM department, using a cutting tool according to ISO 37, type 4. The sampling was divided into 13 batches from the backbone to the belly area, as indicated in Figure 1; each batch contained 10 samples. The direction for collecting the samples was from head area to tail area. The direction of the samples was parallel to the backbone of the parchment skin. The samples were collected according to the parchment topography, i.e., starting from the backbone area downward to the belly area and from the head to the tail area. Figure 1 depicts the half goat skin parchment that was analyzed and the sample’s collection areas. Sample’s dimensions were measured using a Proma micrometer M026.
The samples were irradiated at IFIN-HH, IRASM department using a Cobalt-60 Gamma Cell 5000 research irradiator. There were 9 applied different irradiation doses: 3, 6, 10, 15, 20, 25, 35, 50, and 100 kGy, and 4 batches were kept as controls, at various distances from the backbone area to check parchment uniformity. The dose rate was approximately 6.51 kGy·h−1. The ethanol-chlorobenzene (ECB) dosimetry system was used to determine the applied dose and the dose uniformity. Between the irradiated batches were interleaved four non-irradiated batches (A, B, C, and D) in order to observe the uniformity and mechanical strength of the parchment. Non-irradiated batches were placed before 3 kGy and after 10, 25, and 100 kGy batches, as can be seen in Figure 1. Thus, their section intervals were obtained: interval no. 1 enclosing the batches: 0 kGy(A)–3 kGy–6 kGy–10 kGy–0 kGy(B); interval no. 2 enclosing the batches: 0 kGy(B)–15 kGy–20 kGy–25 kGy–0 kGy(C); and interval no. 3 comprising the batches: 0 kGy(C)–35 kGy–50 kGy–100 kGy–0 kGy(D).
Lungu I.B., Miu L., Cutrubinis M, & Stanculescu I. (2023). Physical Chemical Investigation of Gamma-Irradiated Parchment for Preservation of Cultural Heritage. Polymers, 15(4), 1034.
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Publication 2023
Cells chlorobenzene Cobalt-60 Ethanol Gamma Rays Goat Head Radiometry Skin Specimen Collection Tail Vertebral Column Vision
2
Inactivation of Group B Streptococcus
Non-capsulated GBS NSP14-358 and its genome were sequenced and verified using the PacBio RS II platform (Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA) at Macrogen Co., Ltd. The inactivated bacteria were prepared as previously described [58 (link)]. Bacteria were grown in Todd Hewitt broth (TH: Difco, BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) at 37 °C until the mid-log phase was reached, as determined by the optical density (OD600 = 0.8–1.0). The cells were harvested via centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 20 min at 4 °C and then washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS pH = 7.2) twice before inactivation. Next, the cells were irradiated using a cobalt-60 gamma-ray irradiator (Advanced Research Technology Institute; Jeongeup, Republic of Korea) at an absorbed dose of 15 kGy for 1 h at 23 °C. Cells were then frozen in 30% glycerol and stored at −80 °C until use. For the preparation of formalin-inactivated GBS, equal numbers of cells were incubated with PBS containing 0.2% formaldehyde (v/v) (Sigma-Aldrich St, Merck KGaA, Louis, MO, USA) at 37 °C for 2 h with shaking. CHE-GBS was prepared via incubation with 0.2% formaldehyde solution (JUNSEI; Tokyo, Japan) under mild agitation at 23–28 °C for 2 h. To confirm the complete inactivation of GBS, cryovials were thawed and diluted bacteria were plated on blood agar plates (Ansan, Republic of Korea) and grown overnight at 37 °C under 5% CO2.
Zhi Y., Chen F., Cao G, & Li F. (2023). Gamma-Irradiated Non-Capsule Group B Streptococcus Promotes T-Cell Dependent Immunity and Provides a Cross-Protective Reaction. Pharmaceuticals, 16(2), 321.
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Publication 2023
Agar Bacteria Blood Cells Centrifugation Cobalt-60 Formaldehyde Formalin Freezing Gamma Rays Genome Glycerin Phosphates Saline Solution Vision
3
Cobalt-60 Irradiation in C57BL/6N Mice
The animal experiments were carried out on male C57BL/6N mice purchased from Vital River Laboratory Animal Co. (Beijing, China). Mice were aged 6–8 weeks when the experiments were performed, and they were housed and fed in standard laboratory conditions with a 12 h day-night cycle and controlled temperature (20–24 °C) and humidity (30–60%). Mice were irradiated with cobalt-60 γ-rays with a dose rate of 200 cGy/min at room temperature. All animal procedures and testing were conducted according to the China National Legislation of Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics and the local guidelines of the Laboratory Animals Center at the Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS). Mice were treated humanely with regard to the alleviation of suffering. The study and research protocols were approved by the Institutional Committee for Animal Use and Care of AMMS.
Guan H., Zhang W., Xie D., Nie Y., Chen S., Sun X., Zhao H., Liu X., Wang H., Huang X., Bai C., Huang B., Zhou P, & Gao S. (2023). Cytosolic Release of Mitochondrial DNA and Associated cGAS Signaling Mediates Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic Injury of Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 4020.
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Publication 2023
Animals Animals, Laboratory Cobalt-60 Hartnup Disease Humidity Males Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Radiation Rivers
4
Mouse Bone Marrow FDC-P1 Cell Culture and Irradiation
Mouse bone marrow FDC-P1 cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). FDC-P1 cells were cultured in RPMI1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.5 ng/mL recombinant mouse IL-3 (Peprotech, No.213-13) at 37 °C with 5% CO2. DIDS sodium salt (MedChemExpress, No.67483-13-0) was reconstituted in sterile water at 500 mM of stock solution and used at 100 μM. DMSO was used to dissolve the powder of RU. 521 (MedChemExpress, No. HY-114180), and the concentration of mother liquor was 20 mM. The solution was frozen at −80 °C and diluted to 10 nM when used. At room temperature, cell cultures were irradiated with cobalt-60 γ-rays with the dose rate of 80.74 cGy/min [53 (link)].
Guan H., Zhang W., Xie D., Nie Y., Chen S., Sun X., Zhao H., Liu X., Wang H., Huang X., Bai C., Huang B., Zhou P, & Gao S. (2023). Cytosolic Release of Mitochondrial DNA and Associated cGAS Signaling Mediates Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic Injury of Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 4020.
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Publication 2023
4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid Amniotic Fluid Bone Marrow Cells Cell Culture Techniques Cells Cobalt-60 Fetal Bovine Serum Freezing Mothers Mus Powder Radiation Sodium Sodium Chloride Sterility, Reproductive Sulfoxide, Dimethyl
5
Sterilization of Implantable Devices
FDM samples underwent gamma (γ) irradiation at a dose of 40 kGy according to the ISO 11137-2 to sterilized implantable medical device in vascular position. The minimum level dose validated using this process to sterilize medical devices is 25 kGy by exposition to an ionizing radiation generated by a cobalt 60 (60Co) source. This dose guarantees a probability of viability of a microorganism lesser or equal to 10−6.
M’Bengue M.S., Mesnard T., Chai F., Maton M., Gaucher V., Tabary N., García-Fernandez M.J., Sobocinski J., Martel B, & Blanchemain N. (2023). Evaluation of a Medical Grade Thermoplastic Polyurethane for the Manufacture of an Implantable Medical Device: The Impact of FDM 3D-Printing and Gamma Sterilization. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 456.
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Publication 2023
Blood Vessel Cobalt-60 Gamma Rays Medical Devices Radiation, Ionizing Radiotherapy Sterilization

Top products related to «Cobalt-60»

1
Ir 79 by Nordion
Sourced in Canada
IR-79 is a laboratory instrument designed for the analysis of materials using infrared spectroscopy. It is capable of measuring the absorption and transmission of infrared light through samples, providing information about the chemical composition and molecular structure of the tested materials.
2
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
3
Penicillin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.
4
Streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.
5
Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival in an in vitro environment.
6
Theratron 780c by Best Theratronics
Sourced in Canada
The Theratron 780C is a medical linear accelerator designed for cancer treatment. It generates high-energy X-rays or electron beams for delivering radiation therapy. The device is capable of producing a range of beam energies and dose rates, allowing for customized treatment plans. The Theratron 780C is a product of Best Theratronics, a leading manufacturer of radiotherapy equipment.
7
Cobalt 60 gamma ray source by Nordion
Sourced in Canada
Cobalt-60 gamma-ray source is a type of radioactive material used in various industrial and medical applications. It is a sealed radioactive source that emits high-energy gamma radiation. The core function of this equipment is to provide a consistent and controlled source of ionizing radiation for various purposes, such as sterilization, material processing, and medical treatments.
8
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) is a cell culture medium formulated to support the growth and maintenance of various cell types. It provides a balanced salt solution, amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients required for cell proliferation and survival. DMEM is a widely used medium in cell biology research and applications.
9
Alanine dosimeters by Bruker
Sourced in Germany
Alanine dosimeters are radiation measurement devices used to quantify absorbed radiation doses. They function by measuring changes in the electron spin resonance (ESR) signal of the alanine molecule after exposure to ionizing radiation. The dosimeters provide a precise and reliable method for measuring radiation levels in various applications.
10
Mc3t3 e1 cell by American Type Culture Collection
Sourced in United States, China, Spain, United Kingdom
MC3T3-E1 cells are a murine pre-osteoblastic cell line derived from newborn mouse calvaria. These cells have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and are commonly used for in vitro studies of osteoblast differentiation and function.

More about "Cobalt-60"

Cobalt-60 (Co-60) is a radioactive isotope of the element cobalt, with a half-life of approximately 5.27 years.
It is widely used in various medical and industrial applications, including cancer treatment, food irradiation, and industrial radiography.
As a gamma-ray emitter, Cobalt-60 can deeply penetrate materials, making it a valuable tool for research and analysis.
In medical applications, Cobalt-60 is often used in teletherapy, a type of external beam radiation therapy, to treat certain types of cancer.
The Theratron 780C is an example of a Cobalt-60 gamma-ray source used in medical treatments.
Researchers studying the effects of Cobalt-60 radiation on cells, such as MC3T3-E1 cells, can utilize Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and supplements like fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin to culture and maintain their cell lines.
In industrial applications, Cobalt-60 is used for food irradiation, a process that helps extend the shelf life of certain foods by reducing microbial contamination.
It is also used in industrial radiography, where its high-energy gamma rays are used to inspect the integrity of materials, such as in the construction industry.
For researchers working with Cobalt-60, the use of alanine dosimeters can help accurately measure the radiation dose.
Additionally, the PubCompare.ai platform can assist in optimizing the research workflow and improving reproducibility by helping researchers locate relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while providing smart comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
By utilizing the insights and resources related to Cobalt-60, researchers can enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and reproducibility of their studies, ultimately contributing to advancements in medical and industrial applications.