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Ammonia

Q: What are some common applications of ammonia?

Ammonia has a wide range of applications in various industries. It is a key ingredient in the production of fertilizers, which are essential for agricultural productivity. Ammonia is also used in the manufacture of cleaning products, pharmaceuticals, and certain types of plastics. Additionally, it plays a role in the refrigeration industry and can be utilized as a fuel source in some power generation systems.

Q: What are the different forms or variations of ammonia?

Ammonia primarily exists in two forms: anhydrous (without water) and aqueous (dissolved in water). Anhydrous ammonia is a colorless gas, while aqueous ammonia is a solution of ammonia in water. The concentration of ammonia in the aqueous solution can vary, with common concentrations ranging from 10% to 30%. Both forms of ammonia have their specific applications and safety considerations.

Q: How can PubCompare.ai assist with ammonia research?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can optimize your ammonia research by helping you screen protocol literature more efficiently and leveraging AI to pinpoint critical insights. The platform's powerful protocol comparison capabilities can assist you in identifying the most accurate and reproducible methodologies for your specific ammonia-related research goals. By streamlining your research process and enhancing the quality of your findings, PubCompare.ai can help you experience the future of research optimization today.

Q: What are some unique properties or characteristics of ammonia?

In addition to its pungent odor, ammonia is a relatively small and polar molecule, which gives it some unique properties. For exaple, it has a high solubility in water and can form hydrogen bonds, making it an important compound in biochemical reactions. Ammonia also has a relatively low boiling point, which allows it to be easily liquefied and transported. These distinctive characteristics contribute to ammonia's versatility and wide-ranging applications.

Ammonia is a colorless gas with a pungent odor, composed of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms.
It is widely used in the production of fertilizers, cleaning products, and various industrial processes.
Ammonia plays a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle and is an important compound in biochemical reactions.
Exposure to high concentrations of ammonia can be hazardous, causing respiratory distress and skin irritation.
Researchers and scientists study ammonia to understand its properties, production methods, and potential applications in diverse fields such as agriculture, medicine, and environmental science.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of the key aspects of ammonia and its relevance in research and industry.

Most cited protocols related to «Ammonia»

Cross-linking and Enrichment of E. coli Proteins

Leiker bAL2²² was used to cross-link the E. coli MG1655 whole-cell lysates. MG1655 was cultured in unlabeled or ¹⁵N-labeled M9 medium and collected at OD₆₀₀ 0.6–0.8. Pellets of 40 OD*ml E. coli cells was resuspended in 0.4 ml lysis buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl). Cell lysates were prepared using a FastPrep homogenizer (6.5 m/s, 20 s, repeat 5 times). After measuring protein concentration, 1 mg of unlabeled and ¹⁵N-labeled lysate was cross-linked separately with 0.33 mg [d0]-bAL2 for 0.5 h at room temperature. Cross-linking reactions were quenched with 20 mM ammonium bicarbonate. The two reactions were mixed together and then precipitated by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) followed by Trypsin digestion. After filtering with a 50 kDa cutoff Amicon Ultra-0.5 Centrifugal Filter Unit, the digested peptides were brought to a volume of 3 mL with 2% ACN, 20 mM HEPES, pH 8.2; the pH was adjusted to 10.0 with ammonia. High-pH reverse-phase separation was used for fractionation. The peptides were eluted with buffer B (80% ACN, 5 mM NH₄COOH, pH 10) gradient. A total of 39 two-minute fractions were collected and then combined into five fractions of similar shades of color (bAL2-linked peptides are bright yellow before cleavage of the biotin tag). Each pooled sample was evaporated to 200–300 µl before enrichment of bAL2-linked peptides on 50 µl high-capacity streptavidin beads. After release of beads and desalting through a C18 column, the five fractions of bAL2-linked peptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a Q-Exactive HF mass spectrometer coupled with an EASY-nLC 1000 system (both from Thermo Fisher Scientific). Precursors of the + 1, + 2, + 8, or above, or unassigned charge states were rejected and dynamic exclusion was set to 20 s.

Chen Z.L., Meng J.M., Cao Y., Yin J.L., Fang R.Q., Fan S.B., Liu C., Zeng W.F., Ding Y.H., Tan D., Wu L., Zhou W.J., Chi H., Sun R.X., Dong M.Q, & He S.M. (2019). A high-speed search engine pLink 2 with systematic evaluation for proteome-scale identification of cross-linked peptides. Nature Communications, 10, 3404.

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Publication 2019

Ammonia ammonium bicarbonate Biotin Buffers Cells Cytokinesis Digestion Escherichia coli Fractionation, Chemical HEPES Liquid Chromatography Pellets, Drug Peptides Proteins Sodium Chloride Streptavidin Tandem Mass Spectrometry Trichloroacetic Acid Trypsin

Speciation of Urinary Arsenic by HPLC-ICPMS

The remainder of the thawed urine sample was filtered through a 0.2 μm Nylon filter (Whatman GmbH, Dassel, Germany) into a 250 μL polypropylene crimp vial (Agilent Technologies). This filtered sample was analysed directly by anion-exchange HPLC/ICPMS. Additionally, a portion (90 μL) of the filtered sample was removed from the HPLC vial and 10 μL of H₂O₂ were added, to convert any trivalent- and thio-arsenicals to their pentavalent and/or oxygenated forms, and the mixture was allowed to stand for at least two hours at a temperature > 23°C before analysis by anion-exchange HPLC/ICPMS.
The anion-exchange HPLC conditions (identical for both non-oxidised and oxidised urine samples) were: PRP-X100 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm particles; Hamilton Company, Reno USA) at 40°C with a mobile phase of 20 mM aqueous phosphoric acid adjusted with aqueous ammonia to pH 6 at a flow rate of 1 mL min⁻¹. Injection volume was 20 μL. A carbon source (1% CO₂ in argon) was introduced directly to the plasma, as previously described for selenium,^{14 (link)} to provide a 4-5-fold increase in sensitivity. The CO₂ was introduced via the T-piece of the high matrix sample introduction kit and the optional gas was set to 0.17 L min⁻¹. Under these chromatographic conditions, As(III) elutes near the void volume, very close to AB and most other cationic arsenic species. This void-volume peak was assigned as AB + As(III) in the non-oxidised sample, and as AB in the oxidised sample (Fig. 1), based on the premise that AB is the only arsenic cation found in significant quantities in urine (see below).¹⁵ The total iAs content [As(III) + As(V)] was obtained from the As(V) peak in the oxidised sample. For all HPLC runs, peaks were quantified against the respective standard. Calibration was usually performed in the range 0.10 to 20.0 μg As L⁻¹ (six-point calibration curve); limit of detection was 0.1 μg As L⁻¹ for iAs [As(V) peak], MA, DMA and AB, and the intra-assay coefficient of variation was better than 5 % for all species.
The premise that AB was essentially the only cationic arsenic species in the urine samples was tested by performing cation-exchange HPLC/ICPMS on 188 samples that had shown a significant peak at the void volume during anion-exchange HPLC/ICPMS of the oxidized samples. A Zorbax 300-SCX column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm particles; Agilent Technologies) at 30°C was used with a mobile phase of 10 mM pyridine at pH 2.3 (adjusted with formic acid) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min⁻¹. The injection volume was 10 μL. ICPMS was used as a detector with the settings described above for anion-exchange HPLC/ICPMS.

Scheer J., Findenig S., Goessler W., Francesconi K.A., Howard B., Umans J.G., Pollak J., Tellez-Plaza M., Silbergeld E.K., Guallar E, & Navas-Acien A. (2012). Arsenic species and selected metals in human urine: validation of HPLC/ICPMS and ICPMS procedures for a long-term population-based epidemiological study. Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications, 4(2), 406-413.

Publication 2012

Ammonia Anions Argon Arsenic Arsenicals Biological Assay Carbon Chromatography formic acid High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hypersensitivity Nylons Peroxide, Hydrogen Phosphoric Acids Plasma Polypropylenes pyridine Selenium Urination Urine

Metabolic Modeling of iJR904 with SimPheny

Simulations with iJR904 were all done using the software package SimPheny™ (Genomatica, San Diego, CA); this software was also used to build iJR904. All calculations were made using the conditions outlined in this section. The biomass reaction was the same as that reported previously [8 (link)] with the addition of intracellular protons and water, and can be found in the additional data files. All flux values reported in this section are in units of mmol/g DW-hr. The flux through the non-growth associated ATP maintenance reaction (ATPM in the additional data files) was fixed to 7.6. Fluxes through all other internal reactions have an upper limit of 1 × 10³⁰; if the reaction is reversible the lower limit is -1 × 10³⁰and if it is irreversible the lower limit is zero.
In addition to the metabolic reactions listed in the additional data files, reversible exchange reactions for all external metabolites were also included in the simulations to allow external metabolites to cross the system boundaries. If these exchange reactions are used in the forward direction the external metabolites leave the system and if used in the reverse direction (that is, a negative flux value through the reaction) the external metabolites enter the system.
The following external metabolites were allowed to freely enter and leave the system: ammonia, water, phosphate, sulfate, potassium, sodium, iron (II), carbon dioxide and protons (except during the robustness study where proton exchange flux was constrained down to zero). The corresponding exchange fluxes for these metabolites have a lower and upper flux limit of -1 × 10³⁰and 1 × 10³⁰, respectively. Aerobic conditions were simulated with a maximum oxygen uptake rate of 20 mmol/g DW-hr, by setting the lower and upper limits for the oxygen exchange flux to -20 and 0 respectively, and anaerobic conditions were simulated by fixing the oxygen uptake rate to 0. All other external metabolites, except for the carbon source, were only allowed to leave the system. The lower and upper limits on their corresponding exchange fluxes were 0 and 1 × 10³⁰, respectively. Growth on different carbon sources was simulated by allowing those external metabolites to enter the system; the actual flux values for uptake rates used in the simulations are noted in the text and figures, where the upper limit is 0 and the lower limit is the negative of the uptake rate listed. These constraints are also summarized in the additional data files.

Reed J.L., Vo T.D., Schilling C.H, & Palsson B.O. (2003). An expanded genome-scale model of Escherichia coli K-12 (iJR904 GSM/GPR). Genome Biology, 4(9), R54.

Publication 2003

Ammonia Bacteria, Aerobic Carbon Carbon dioxide Iron Oxygen Oxygen-20 Phosphates Potassium Protons Protoplasm Sodium Sulfates, Inorganic

Arsenic Speciation in Urine Samples

The following commercial chemicals were used: ortho phosphoric acid (p.a., or TraceSELECT Ultra) from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); pyridine from Merck (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany); and hydrogen peroxide 30 % (p.a.), aqueous ammonia 25 % (suprapure), 65 % nitric acid (p.a.), and formic acid (p.a.) from Roth (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany). Chemicals were used without further purification except for the nitric acid which was distilled in a quartz sub-boiling distillation unit. Water used throughout was from a Milli-Q Academic water purification system (Millipore GmbH, Vienna, Austria) with a specific resistivity of 18.2 MΩ*cm.
Individual standard solutions (1000 ± 3 μg L⁻¹ in 2 % nitric acid) for total element determinations of As, Cd, Mo, Pb, Sb, Se, U, W, and Zn (in the urine samples) and Ge, In, and Lu (internal standards) were obtained from CPI International (Santa Rosa, CA, US). For arsenic speciation, stock solutions containing 1000 mg As L⁻¹ of each of the following species were prepared in water: arsenite (As(III) and arsenate (As(V)) prepared from NaAsO₂ and Na₂HAsO₄.7 H₂O, respectively, purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); dimethylarsinate (DMA) prepared from sodium dimethylarsinate purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); methylarsonate (MA) prepared in-house from sodium arsenite and methyl iodide (Meyer reaction); and arsenobetaine (AB), as the bromide salt, prepared in-house following the method of Cannon et al.¹¹ The purity of the synthesized standards (MA and AB) was established by NMR and HPLC/mass spectrometry. Other arsenic standards (trimethylarsine oxide, arsenocholine, tetramethylarsonium ion, oxo and thio-dimethylarsinylethanol and oxo- and thio-dimethylarsinylacetic acid) were prepared as previously reported;^{12 ,13 (link)} these standards were used to check the identity of minor peaks which occasionally appeared in the chromatograms.
The certified reference materials for total element measurements were NIST 1643e, trace elements in water (National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, US) certified for As, Cd, Mo, Pb, Sb, Se, & Zn; and NIES No. 18, human urine (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan) certified for As, Se & Zn. In addition, Seronorm^™ control urine (Sero AS, Billingstad, Norway) and an in-house urine sample served as non-certified reference materials. The certified reference material for determining arsenic species was NIES No 18, human urine, certified for AB and DMA. Our in-house reference urine was used as a control for iAs, MA, DMA, and AB.

Publication 2012

Acids Ammonia arsenate Arsenic arsenite arsenobetaine arsenocholine Bromides Cacodylate Distillation formic acid High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Homo sapiens Mass Spectrometry methylarsonate methyl iodide Nitric acid Peroxide, Hydrogen Phosphoric Acids pyridine Quartz Rosa Sodium sodium arsenite Sodium Chloride tetramethylarsonium Trace Elements trimethylarsine oxide Urine

Continuous Sirt1 Activity Assay Protocol

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Publication 2009

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose AH 22 alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid Ammonia Biological Assay Bos taurus Extinction, Psychological Fluorescence GLUD2 protein, human Glutamate Dehydrogenase Glutamates Liver NADH Niacinamide Nicotinamidase potassium phosphate Proteus Psychological Inhibition Sirtuin 1 Sulfoxide, Dimethyl

Most recents protocols related to «Ammonia»

Synthesis of Aminoalkylpyrrolidine Derivatives

Not available on PMC !

Example 11

0.18 of 1-benzoyl-3-(5′-azido-1′-pentyl)pyrrolidine (14) was dissolved in 5 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and then 0.15 g of triphenylphosphine and 2 drops of water were added and refluxed overnight. After concentration under reduced pressure, 10 ml of dichloromethane was added, and washed sequentially with water and a saturated sodium chloride solution. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and separated by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol/aqueous ammonia=10:1:0.1 vol/vol/vol), to obtain 0.16 g of an oily product 1-benzoyl-3-(5′-amino-1′-pentyl)pyrrolidine (15). LCMS: 261[M+H].

The following compounds can be prepared according to the above method of preparing the compound 15 starting from the compound 12:

PreparationMS

numberName of CompoundStructure(m/z)

161-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)- 3-(5′-amino-1′- pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
321 (M + 1)

171-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)- 3-(6′-amino-1′- hexyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
335 (M + 1)

181-benzoyl-3-(6′-amino-1′- hexyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
275 (M + 1)

191-furoyl-3-(5′-amino-1′- pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
251 (M + 1)

19-11-furoyl-3-(6′-amino-1′- hexyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
265 (M + 1)

201-(2-thienylformyl)-3-(5′- amino-1′-pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
267 (M + 1)

20-11-(2-thienylformyl)-3-(6′- amino-1′-hexyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
281 (M + 1)

211-(2-pyrrolylformyl)-3-(5′- amino-1′-pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
250 (M + 1)

221-(2-pyrrolylformyl)-3-(6′- amino-1′-hexyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
264 (M + 1)

231-(2-pyrrolidinylformyl)-3- (5′-amino-1′- pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
254 (M + 1)

23-11-(2-pyrrolidinylformyl)-3- (6′-amino-1′- hexyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
268 (M + 1)

241-(2-tetrahydrofurylfuryl)-3- (5′-amino-1′- pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
255 (M + 1)

251-(2- tetrahydrothienylformyl)-3- (5′-amino-1′- pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
271 (M + 1)

25-11-(2- tetrahydrothienylformyl)-3- (6′-amino-1′- hexyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
285 (M + 1)

25-21-(3-fluoro-2-thienylformyl)- 3-(5′-amino-1′- pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
285 (M + 1)

25-31-(3-fluoro-2- pyrrolylformyl)-3-(5′-amino- 1′-pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
268 (M + 1)

25-41-(3-fluoro-2-furylformyl)-3- (5′-amino-1′- pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
269 (M + 1)

261-(2-indolylformyl)-3-(5′- amino-1′-pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
300 (M + 1)

26-11-(2-indolylformyl)-3-(6′- amino-1′-hexyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
314 (M + 1)

271-(2-benzofurylformyl)-3- (5′-amino-1′- pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
301 (M + 1)

27-11-(2-benzofurylformyl)-3- (6′-amino-1′- hexyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
315 (M + 1)

27-21-(2- benzyltetrahydrofurylfuryl)- 3-(5′-amino-1′- pentyl)pyrrolidine[Figure (not displayed)]
303 (M + 1)

[Figure (not displayed)]

US11873284B2. Pyridinylcyanoguanidine derivative and use thereof (2024-01-16). None [CN], Rushi Biotech (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd [CN]. Inventors: Zheming Wang [CN], Hao Tan [CN].

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Patent 2024

Ammonia Chromatography Lincomycin Methanol Methylene Chloride Oils Pressure pyrrolidine Saline Solution tetrahydrofuran triphenylphosphine

Microbial Seed Treatments for Enhanced Crop Performance

Not available on PMC !

Example 2

A. Seed Treatment with Isolated Microbe

In this example, an isolated microbe from Tables 1-3 will be applied as a seed coating to seeds of corn (Zea mays). Upon applying the isolated microbe as a seed coating, the corn will be planted and cultivated in the standard manner.

A control plot of corn seeds, which did not have the isolated microbe applied as a seed coating, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the seed coating will exhibit a quantifiably higher biomass than the control corn plants.

The biomass from the treated plants may be about 1-10% higher, 10-20% higher, 20-30% higher, 30-40% higher, 40-50% higher, 50-60% higher, 60-70% higher, 70-80% higher, 80-90% higher, or more.

The biomass from the treated plants may equate to about a 1 bushel per acre increase over the controls, or a 2 bushel per acre increase, or a 3 bushel per acre increase, or a 4 bushel per acre increase, or a 5 bushel per acre increase, or more.

In some aspects, the biomass increase is statistically significant. In other aspects, the biomass increase is not statistically significant, but is still quantifiable.

B. Seed Treatment with Microbial Consortia

In this example, a microbial consortium, comprising at least two microbes from Tables 1-3 will be applied as a seed coating to seeds of corn (Zea mays). Upon applying the microbial consortium as a seed coating, the corn will be planted and cultivated in the standard manner.

A control plot of corn seeds, which did not have the microbial consortium applied as a seed coating, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the seed coating will exhibit a quantifiably higher biomass than the control corn plants.

The biomass from the treated plants may be about 1-10% higher, 10-20% higher, 20-30% higher, 30-40% higher, 40-50% higher, 50-60% higher, 60-70% higher, 70-80% higher, 80-90% higher, or more.

In some aspects, the biomass increase is statistically significant. In other aspects, the biomass increase is not statistically significant, but is still quantifiable.

C. Treatment with Agricultural Composition Comprising Isolated Microbe

In this example, an isolated microbe from Tables 1-3 will be applied as an agricultural composition, administered to the corn seed at the time of sowing.

For example, it is anticipated that a farmer will apply the agricultural composition to the corn seeds simultaneously upon planting the seeds into the field. This can be accomplished, for example, by applying the agricultural composition to a hopper/bulk tank on a standard 16 row planter, which contains the corn seeds and which is configured to plant the same into rows. Alternatively, the agricultural composition can be contained in a separate bulk tank on the planter and sprayed into the rows upon planting the corn seed.

A control plot of corn seeds, which are not administered the agricultural composition, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the agricultural composition will exhibit a quantifiably higher biomass than the control corn plants.

The biomass from the treated plants may be about 1-10% higher, 10-20% higher, 20-30% higher, 30-40% higher, 40-50% higher, 50-60% higher, 60-70% higher, 70-80% higher, 80-90% higher, or more.

In some aspects, the biomass increase is statistically significant. In other aspects, the biomass increase is not statistically significant, but is still quantifiable.

D. Treatment with Agricultural Composition Comprising Microbial Consortia

In this example, a microbial consortium, comprising at least two microbes from Tables 1-3 will be applied as an agricultural composition, administered to the corn seed at the time of sowing.

A control plot of corn seeds, which are not administered the agricultural composition, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the agricultural composition will exhibit a quantifiably higher biomass than the control corn plants.

The biomass from the treated plants may be about 1-10% higher, 10-20% higher, 20-30% higher, 30-40% higher, 40-50% higher, 50-60% higher, 60-70% higher, 70-80% higher, 80-90% higher, or more.

In some aspects, the biomass increase is statistically significant. In other aspects, the biomass increase is not statistically significant, but is still quantifiable.

A. Seed Treatment with Isolated Microbe

A control plot of corn seeds, which did not have the isolated microbe applied as a seed coating, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the seed coating will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to tolerate drought conditions and/or exhibit superior water use efficiency, as compared to the control corn plants.

The drought tolerance and/or water use efficiency can be based on any number of standard tests from the art, e.g leaf water retention, turgor loss point, rate of photosynthesis, leaf color and other phenotypic indications of drought stress, yield performance, and various root morphological and growth patterns.

B. Seed Treatment with Microbial Consortia

A control plot of corn seeds, which did not have the microbial consortium applied as a seed coating, will also be planted.

C. Treatment with Agricultural Composition Comprising Isolated Microbe

In this example, an isolated microbe from Tables 1-3 will be applied as an agricultural composition, administered to the corn seed at the time of sowing.

A control plot of corn seeds, which are not administered the agricultural composition, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the with the agricultural composition will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to tolerate drought conditions and/or exhibit superior water use efficiency, as compared to the control corn plants.

D. Treatment with Agricultural Composition Comprising Microbial Consortia

In this example, a microbial consortium, comprising at least two microbes from Tables 1-3 will be applied as an agricultural composition, administered to the corn seed at the time of sowing.

A control plot of corn seeds, which are not administered the agricultural composition, will also be planted.

A. Seed Treatment with Isolated Microbe

A control plot of corn seeds, which did not have the isolated microbe applied as a seed coating, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the seed coating will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to utilize nitrogen, as compared to the control corn plants.

The nitrogen use efficiency can be quantified by recording a measurable change in any of the main nitrogen metabolic pool sizes in the assimilation pathways (e.g., a measurable change in one or more of the following: nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, asparagine, lysine, leucine, threonine, methionine, glycine, tryptophan, tyrosine, total protein content of a plant part, total nitrogen content of a plant part, and/or chlorophyll content), or where the treated plant is shown to provide the same or elevated biomass or harvestable yield at lower nitrogen fertilization levels compared to the control plant, or where the treated plant is shown to provide elevated biomass or harvestable yields at the same nitrogen fertilization levels compared to a control plant.

B. Seed Treatment with Microbial Consortia

A control plot of corn seeds, which did not have the microbial consortium applied as a seed coating, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the seed coating will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to utilize nitrogen, as compared to the control corn plants.

C. Treatment with Agricultural Composition Comprising Isolated Microbe

In this example, an isolated microbe from Tables 1-3 will be applied as an agricultural composition, administered to the corn seed at the time of sowing.

A control plot of corn seeds, which are not administered the agricultural composition, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the agricultural composition will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to utilize nitrogen, as compared to the control corn plants.

D. Treatment with Agricultural Composition Comprising Microbial Consortia

In this example, a microbial consortium, comprising at least two microbes from Tables 1-3 will be applied as an agricultural composition, administered to the corn seed at the time of sowing.

A control plot of corn seeds, which are not administered the agricultural composition, will also be planted.

The inoculants were prepared from isolates grown as spread plates on R2A incubated at 25° C. for 48 to 72 hours. Colonies were harvested by blending with sterile distilled water (SDW) which was then transferred into sterile containers. Serial dilutions of the harvested cells were plated and incubated at 25° C. for 24 hours to estimate the number of colony forming units (CFU) in each suspension. Dilutions were prepared using individual isolates or blends of isolates (consortia) to deliver 1×10⁵cfu/microbe/seed and seeds inoculated by either imbibition in the liquid suspension or by overtreatment with 5% vegetable gum and oil.

Seeds corresponding to the plants of table 15 were planted within 24 to 48 hours of treatment in agricultural soil, potting media or inert growing media. Plants were grown in small pots (28 mL to 200 mL) in either a controlled environment or in a greenhouse. Chamber photoperiod was set to 16 hours for all experiments on all species. Air temperature was typically maintained between 22-24° C.

Unless otherwise stated, all plants were watered with tap water 2 to 3 times weekly. Growth conditions were varied according to the trait of interest and included manipulation of applied fertilizer, watering regime and salt stress as follows:

- Low N—seeds planted in soil potting media or inert growing media with no applied N fertilizer
- Moderate N—seeds planted in soil or growing media supplemented with commercial N fertilizer to equivalent of 135 kg/ha applied N
- Insol P—seeds planted in potting media or inert growth substrate and watered with quarter strength Pikovskaya's liquid medium containing tri-calcium phosphate as the only form phosphate fertilizer.
- Cold Stress—seeds planted in soil, potting media or inert growing media and incubated at 10° C. for one week before being transferred to the plant growth room.
- Salt stress—seeds planted in soil, potting media or inert growing media and watered with a solution containing between 100 to 200 mg/L NaCl.

Untreated (no applied microbe) controls were prepared for each experiment. Plants were randomized on trays throughout the growth environment. Between 10 and 30 replicate plants were prepared for each treatment in each experiment. Phenotypes were measured during early vegetative growth, typically before the V3 developmental stage and between 3 and 6 weeks after sowing. Foliage was cut and weighed. Roots were washed, blotted dry and weighed. Results indicate performance of treatments against the untreated control.

TABLE 15

StrainShootRoot

Microbe sp.IDCropAssayIOC (%)IOC (%)

Bosea thiooxidans123EfficacyEfficacy

overall100%100%

Bosea thiooxidans54522WheatEarly vigor - insol P30-40 —

Bosea thiooxidans54522RyegrassEarly vigor50-60 50-60

Bosea thiooxidans54522RyegrassEarly vigor - moderate P0-100-10

Duganella violaceinigra111EfficacyEfficacy

overall100%100%

Duganella violaceinigra66361TomatoEarly vigor0-100-10

Duganella violaceinigra66361TomatoEarly vigor30-40 40-50

Duganella violaceinigra66361TomatoEarly vigor20-30 20-30

Herbaspirillum huttiense222Efficacy—

overall100%

Herbaspirillum huttiense54487WheatEarly vigor - insol P30-40 —

Herbaspirillum huttiense60507MaizeEarly vigor - salt stress0-100-10

Janthinobacterium sp.222Efficacy—

Overall100%

Janthinobacterium sp.54456WheatEarly vigor - insol P30-40 —

Janthinobacterium sp.54456WheatEarly vigor - insol P0-10—

Janthinobacterium sp.63491RyegrassEarly vigor - drought0-100-10

stress

Massilia niastensis112EfficacyEfficacy

overall80%80%

Massilia niastensis55184WheatEarly vigor - salt stress0-1020-30

Massilia niastensis55184WinterEarly vigor - cold stress0-1010-20

wheat

Massilia niastensis55184WinterEarly vigor - cold stress20-30 20-30

wheat

Massilia niastensis55184WinterEarly vigor - cold stress10-20 10-20

wheat

Massilia niastensis55184WinterEarly vigor - cold stress<0<0

wheat

Novosphingobium rosa211EfficacyEfficacy

overall100%100%

Novosphingobium rosa65589MaizeEarly vigor - cold stress0-100-10

Novosphingobium rosa65619MaizeEarly vigor - cold stress0-100-10

Paenibacillus amylolyticus111EfficacyEfficacy

overall100%100%

Paenibacillus amylolyticus66316TomatoEarly vigor0-100-10

Paenibacillus amylolyticus66316TomatoEarly vigor10-20 10-20

Paenibacillus amylolyticus66316TomatoEarly vigor0-100-10

Pantoea agglomerans323EfficacyEfficacy

33%50%

Pantoea agglomerans54499WheatEarly vigor - insol P40-50 —

Pantoea agglomerans57547MaizeEarly vigor - low N<00-10

Pantoea vagans55529MaizeEarly vigor<0<0

(formerly P. agglomerans)

Polaromonas ginsengisoli111EfficacyEfficacy

66%100%

Polaromonas ginsengisoli66373TomatoEarly vigor0-100-10

Polaromonas ginsengisoli66373TomatoEarly vigor20-30 30-40

Polaromonas ginsengisoli66373TomatoEarly vigor<010-20

Pseudomonas fluorescens122Efficacy—

100%

Pseudomonas fluorescens54480WheatEarly vigor - insol P>100 —

Pseudomonas fluorescens56530MaizeEarly vigor - moderate N0-10—

Rahnella aquatilis334EfficacyEfficacy

80%63%

Rahnella aquatilis56532MaizeEarly vigor - moderate N10-20 —

Rahnella aquatilis56532MaizeEarly vigor - moderate N0-100-10

Rahnella aquatilis56532WheatEarly vigor - cold stress0-1010-20

Rahnella aquatilis56532WheatEarly vigor - cold stress<00-10

Rahnella aquatilis56532WheatEarly vigor - cold stress10-20 <0

Rahnella aquatilis57157RyegrassEarly vigor<0—

Rahnella aquatilis57157MaizeEarly vigor - low N0-100-10

Rahnella aquatilis57157MaizeEarly vigor - low N0-10<0

Rahnella aquatilis58013MaizeEarly vigor0-1010-20

Rahnella aquatilis58013MaizeEarly vigor - low N0-10<0

Rhodococcus erythropolis313Efficacy—

66%

Rhodococcus erythropolis54093MaizeEarly vigor - low N40-50 —

Rhodococcus erythropolis54299MaizeEarly vigor - insol P>100 —

Rhodococcus erythropolis54299MaizeEarly vigor<0<0

Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga611EfficacyEfficacy

60%60%

Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga54952MaizeEarly vigor0-100-10

Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga47207MaizeEarly vigor<0 0

Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga64212MaizeEarly vigor0-1010-20

Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga64208MaizeEarly vigor0-100-10

Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga58264MaizeEarly vigor<0<0

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia612EfficacyEfficacy

43%66%

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia54073MaizeEarly vigor - low N50-60 —

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia54073MaizeEarly vigor<00-10

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia56181MaizeEarly vigor0-10<0

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia54999MaizeEarly vigor0-100-10

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia54850MaizeEarly vigor 00-10

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia54841MaizeEarly vigor<00-10

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia46856MaizeEarly vigor<0<0

Stenotrophomonas rhizophila811EfficacyEfficacy

12.5%37.5%

Stenotrophomonas rhizophila50839MaizeEarly vigor<0<0

Stenotrophomonas rhizophila48183MaizeEarly vigor<0<0

Stenotrophomonas rhizophila45125MaizeEarly vigor<0<0

Stenotrophomonas rhizophila46120MaizeEarly vigor<00-10

Stenotrophomonas rhizophila46012MaizeEarly vigor<0<0

Stenotrophomonas rhizophila51718MaizeEarly vigor0-100-10

Stenotrophomonas rhizophila66478MaizeEarly vigor<0<0

Stenotrophomonas rhizophila65303MaizeEarly vigor<00-10

Stenotrophomonas terrae221EfficacyEfficacy

50%50%

Stenotrophomonas terrae68741MaizeEarly vigor<0<0

Stenotrophomonas terrae68599MaizeEarly vigor<00-10

Stenotrophomonas terrae68599Capsicum *Early vigor20-30 20-30

Stenotrophomonas terrae68741Capsicum *Early vigor10-20 20-30

The data presented in table 15 describes the efficacy with which a microbial species or strain can change a phenotype of interest relative to a control run in the same experiment. Phenotypes measured were shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight for plants growing either in the absence of presence of a stress (assay). For each microbe species, an overall efficacy score indicates the percentage of times a strain of that species increased a both shoot and root fresh weight in independent evaluations. For each species, the specifics of each independent assay is given, providing a strain ID (strain) and the crop species the assay was performed on (crop). For each independent assay the percentage increase in shoot and root fresh weight over the controls is given.

US11871752B2. Agriculturally beneficial microbes, microbial compositions, and consortia (2024-01-16). BIOCONSORTIA, INC. [US]. Inventors: Peter Wigley [NZ], Susan Turner [US], Caroline George [NZ], Thomas Williams [US], Kelly Roberts [US], Graham Hymus [US], Kelvin Lau [NZ].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Ammonia Asparagine Aspartic Acid Biological Assay Bosea thiooxidans Calcium Phosphates Capsicum Cells Chlorophyll Cold Shock Stress Cold Temperature Crop, Avian Dietary Fiber DNA Replication Droughts Drought Tolerance Embryophyta Environment, Controlled Farmers Fertilization Glutamic Acid Glutamine Glycine Growth Disorders Herbaspirillum Herbaspirillum huttiense Leucine Lolium Lycopersicon esculentum Lysine Maize Massilia niastensis Methionine Microbial Consortia Nitrates Nitrites Nitrogen Novosphingobium rosa Paenibacillus Paenibacillus amylolyticus Pantoea agglomerans Pantoea vagans Phenotype Phosphates Photosynthesis Plant Development Plant Embryos Plant Leaves Plant Proteins Plant Roots Plants Polaromonas ginsengisoli Pseudoduganella violaceinigra Pseudomonas Pseudomonas fluorescens Rahnella Rahnella aquatilis Retention (Psychology) Rhodococcus erythropolis Rosa Salt Stress Sodium Chloride Sodium Chloride, Dietary Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Stenotrophomonas rhizophila Stenotrophomonas terrae Sterility, Reproductive Strains Technique, Dilution Threonine Triticum aestivum Tryptophan Tyrosine Vegetables Zea mays

Glass Surface Activation Protocol

Not available on PMC !

Example 41

At room temperature, a first glass member and a second glass member were respectively washed in acetone, a peracetic acid solution or a calcium hypochlorite solution in sequence for 30 min, removed, washed with pure water and dried. The washed first glass member and second glass member were treated for 60 min in a mixed solution of sodium hypochlorite and aqueous ammonia (containing, in percentage by weight, 5% of sodium hypochlorite, 5% of aqueous ammonia, and 90% of deionized water) at room temperature. The residual solution on the surface was washed off for 10 min with pure water. Then the glass members were blow dried. In this way, the surfaces of the glass members were activated.

US11858844B2. Glass composite, casing, display device and terminal device (2024-01-02). BYD COMPANY LIMITED [CN]. Inventors: Lan Ma [CN], Liang Chen [CN], Xiong Yuan [CN], Chen Li [CN].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Acetone Ammonia calcium hypochlorite Cocaine Medical Devices Peracetic Acid Sodium Hypochlorite

Glass Surface Activation Protocol

Not available on PMC !

Example 38

At room temperature, a first glass member and a second glass member were respectively washed in acetone, a peracetic acid solution or a calcium hypochlorite solution in sequence for 30 min, removed, washed with pure water and dried. The washed first glass member and second glass member were treated for 20 min in a mixed solution of aqueous ammonia and hydrogen peroxide (1:5) at 40° C. The residual solution on the surface was washed off for 10 min with pure water. Then the glass members were blow dried. In this way, the surfaces of the glass members were activated. The surface roughness of the glass members before activation was 0.943 nm.

US11858844B2. Glass composite, casing, display device and terminal device (2024-01-02). BYD COMPANY LIMITED [CN]. Inventors: Lan Ma [CN], Liang Chen [CN], Xiong Yuan [CN], Chen Li [CN].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Acetone Ammonia calcium hypochlorite Cocaine Medical Devices Peracetic Acid Peroxide, Hydrogen

Ammonia Nitriding of Iron Foils

Not available on PMC !

Example 11

Nitriding of an iron-based material using ammonia was evaluated. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum of example thin iron foils nitrided using ammonia in a tube furnace. Thin foils of 50-100 μm were nitride using a mixture of NH₃/H₂at 400-700° C. About 9-11% nitrogen composition was found in foils after the nitriding.

US11859271B2. Iron nitride compositions (2024-01-02). REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA [US]. Inventors: Jian-Ping Wang [US], YanFeng Jiang [US], Md Mehedi [US], Yiming Wu [US], Bin Ma [US], Jinming Liu [US], Delin Zhang [US].

Full text: Click here

Patent 2024

Ammonia Iron Nitrogen X-Ray Diffraction

Top products related to «Ammonia»

Ammonia solution by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, India, China, Switzerland, Belgium, United Kingdom

Ammonia solution is a clear, colorless liquid composed of ammonia (NH3) dissolved in water. It is a common laboratory chemical used to adjust the pH of solutions, as a cleaning agent, and in various chemical reactions. Ammonia solution has a distinctive pungent odor.

Hydrochloric acid (hcl) by Merck Group

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Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.

Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group

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Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.

Ethanol by Merck Group

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Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.

Methanol by Merck Group

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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.

Acetonitrile by Merck Group

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Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.

Formic acid by Merck Group

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Formic acid is a colorless, pungent-smelling liquid chemical compound. It is the simplest carboxylic acid, with the chemical formula HCOOH. Formic acid is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications.

Tetraethyl orthosilicate by Merck Group

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Tetraethyl orthosilicate is a chemical compound used in the manufacturing of various laboratory equipment and materials. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a specific chemical formula of Si(OC2H5)4. The primary function of tetraethyl orthosilicate is to serve as a precursor for the synthesis of silicon-based materials, including silica gels, glasses, and coatings.

Acetic acid by Merck Group

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Acetic acid is a colorless, vinegar-like liquid chemical compound. It is a commonly used laboratory reagent with the molecular formula CH3COOH. Acetic acid serves as a solvent, a pH adjuster, and a reactant in various chemical processes.

Ammonia assay kit by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

The Ammonia Assay Kit is a laboratory tool designed to quantify the concentration of ammonia in various sample types. It provides a colorimetric method for the determination of ammonia levels. The kit includes all the necessary reagents and instructions for performing the assay.

What are some common applications of ammonia?

Ammonia has a wide range of applications in various industries. It is a key ingredient in the production of fertilizers, which are essential for agricultural productivity. Ammonia is also used in the manufacture of cleaning products, pharmaceuticals, and certain types of plastics. Additionally, it plays a role in the refrigeration industry and can be utilized as a fuel source in some power generation systems.

How can ammonia exposure be dangerous?

Exposure to high concentrations of ammonia can be hazardous to human health. Inhaling ammonia vapors can cause respiratory distress, including coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Skin contact with ammonia can lead to irritation and chemical burns. Proper safety precautions, such as personal protective equipment and adequate ventilation, are crucial when working with ammonia to minimize the risks of exposure.

What are the different forms or variations of ammonia?

Ammonia primarily exists in two forms: anhydrous (without water) and aqueous (dissolved in water). Anhydrous ammonia is a colorless gas, while aqueous ammonia is a solution of ammonia in water. The concentration of ammonia in the aqueous solution can vary, with common concentrations ranging from 10% to 30%. Both forms of ammonia have their specific applications and safety considerations.

How can PubCompare.ai assist with ammonia research?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can optimize your ammonia research by helping you screen protocol literature more efficiently and leveraging AI to pinpoint critical insights. The platform's powerful protocol comparison capabilities can assist you in identifying the most accurate and reproducible methodologies for your specific ammonia-related research goals. By streamlining your research process and enhancing the quality of your findings, PubCompare.ai can help you experience the future of research optimization today.

What are some unique properties or characteristics of ammonia?

In addition to its pungent odor, ammonia is a relatively small and polar molecule, which gives it some unique properties. For exaple, it has a high solubility in water and can form hydrogen bonds, making it an important compound in biochemical reactions. Ammonia also has a relatively low boiling point, which allows it to be easily liquefied and transported. These distinctive characteristics contribute to ammonia's versatility and wide-ranging applications.

More about "Ammonia"

Ammonia (NH3) is a vital chemical compound composed of nitrogen and hydrogen.
This colorless gas with a pungent odor is essential in various industrial processes and the nitrogen cycle.
Researchers and scientists study ammonia's properties, production methods, and applications in fields like agriculture, medicine, and environmental science.
Ammonia solution, also known as aqueous ammonia or ammonium hydroxide, is a common form of ammonia used in cleaning products, fertilizers, and laboratory experiments.
Hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, formic acid, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and acetic acid are some related chemicals that may be used in conjunction with or as alternatives to ammonia.
The study of ammonia and its assays is crucial for understanding its role in biochemical reactions and the nitrogen cycle.
Ammonia assay kits provide a convenient way to measure ammonia levels in various samples, aiding research and industrial applications.
Optimizing ammonia research can be achieved through innovative tools like PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform, which helps locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and identifies the most accurate and reproducible methodologies using AI-powered comparisons.
This streamlines the research process and enhances the quality of findings, allowing researchers to expeernce the future of research optimization.