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Ammonium bromide

Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt with the chemical formula NH4Br.
It is a colorless, crystalline compound that is soluble in water and ethanol.
Ammonium bromide has a variety of applications, including in photography, as a fire retardant, and as a precursor for other chemical compounds.
It is also used in medicinal and pharmaceutical products, as well as in the production of dyes and pigments.
Ammonium bromide can be synthesized through the reaction of ammonia and hydrobromic acid, or by the action of hydrobromic acid on ammonium hydroxide.
Resaerchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven optimization to easily identify and compare protocols and products for their ammonium bromide studies, making reproducible research more efficient than ever.

Most cited protocols related to «Ammonium bromide»

1
Collection and Characterization of Nanoparticulate Matter
nPM collection and transfer into aqueous suspension. We collected nPM with a high-volume ultrafine particle (HVUP) sampler (Misra et al. 2002 ) at 400 L/min flow in Los Angeles City near the CA-110 Freeway. These aerosols represent a mix of fresh ambient PM mostly from vehicular traffic nearby this freeway (Ning et al. 2007 (link)). The HVUP sampler consists of an ultrafine particle slit impactor, followed by an after-filter holder. The nPM (diameter < 200 nm) was collected on pretreated Teflon filters (20 × 25.4 cm, polytetrafluoroethylene, 2 μm pore; Pall Life Sciences, Covina, CA). We transferred the collected nPM into aqueous suspension by 30 min soaking of nPM-loaded filters in Milli-Q deionized water (resistivity, 18.2 MW; total organic compounds < 10 ppb; particle free; bacteria levels < 1 endotoxin units/mL; endotoxin-free glass vials), followed by vortexing (5 min) and sonication (30 min). As a control for in vitro experiments with resuspended nPM, fresh sterile filters were sham extracted. Aqueous nPM suspensions were pooled and frozen as a stock at –20°C, which retains chemical stability for ≥ 3 months (Li N et al. 2003; Li R et al. 2009). For in vitro experiments, nPM suspensions were diluted in culture medium, vortexed, and added directly to cultures.
Animals and exposure conditions. The nPM suspensions were reaerosolized by a VORTRAN nebulizer (Vortran Medical Technology 1 Inc., Sacramento, CA) using compressed particle-free filtered air [see Supplemental Material, Figure S1 (doi:10.​1289/ehp.1002973)]. Particles were diffusion dried by passing through silica gel; static charges were removed by passing over polonium-210 neutralizers. Particle sizes and concentrations were continuously monitored during exposure at 0.3 L/min by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS model 3080; TSI Inc., Shoreview, MN). The nPM mass concentration was determined by pre- and postweighing the filters under controlled temperature and relative humidity. Inorganic ions [ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3–), sulfate (SO42–)] were analyzed by ion chromatography. PM-bound metals and trace elements were assayed by magnetic-sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Water-soluble organic carbon was assayed by a GE-Sievers liquid analyzer (GE-Sievers, Boulder, CO). Analytic details for nPM-bound species are given by Li R et al. (2009). Samples of the reaerosolized nPM were collected on parallel Teflon filters for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis.
Mice (C57BL/6J males, 3 months of age) were maintained under standard conditions with ad libitum Purina Lab Chow (Newco Purina, Rancho Cucamonga, CA) and sterile water. Just before nPM exposure, mice were transferred from home cages to exposure chambers that allowed free movement. Temperature and airflow were controlled for adequate ventilation and to minimize buildup of animal-generated contaminants [skin dander, carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia]. Reaerosolized nPM or ambient air (control) was delivered to the sealed exposure chambers for 5 hr/day, 3 days/week, for 10 weeks. Mice did not lose weight or show signs of respiratory distress. Mice were euthanized after isoflurane anesthesia, and tissue was collected and stored at –80°C. All rodents were treated humanely and with regard for alleviation of suffering; all procedures were approved by the University of Southern California Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
EPR spectroscopy of nPM. The reaerosolized nPM was collected on filters (described above), which were inserted directly in the EPR quartz tube (Bruker EPR spectrometer; Bruker, Rheinstetten, Germany); spectra were measured at 22°C. The g-value was determined following calibration of the EPR instrument using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) as a standard. The EPR signal for DPPH was measured and the corresponding g-value was calculated. The difference from the known g-value of 2.0036 for DPPH was then used to adjust the observed g-value for the sample.
Cell culture and nPM exposure. Hippocampal slices from postnatal day 10–12 rats were cultured 2 weeks in a humidified incubator (35°C/5% CO2) (Jourdi et al. 2005 (link)) with nPM suspensions added for 24–72 hr of exposure. Primary neurons from embryonic day 18 rat cerebral cortex were plated at 20,000 neurons/cm2 on cover slips coated with poly-d-lysine/laminin and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with B27, at 37°C in 5% CO2 atmosphere (Rozovsky et al. 2005 (link)). Primary glial cultures from cerebral cortex of neonatal day 3 rats (F344) were plated at 200,000 cells/cm2 in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% l-glutamine and incubated as described above (Rozovsky et al. 1998 (link)). For conditioned medium experiments, glial cultures were treated with 10 mg nPM/mL; after 24 hr, media were transferred by pipette to neuron cultures.
Neurite outgrowth and toxicity assays. After treatments, neurons were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and immunostained with anti–β-III-tubulin (1:1,000, rabbit; Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO); F-actin was stained by rhodamine phalloidin (1:40; Molecular Probes, Carlsbad, CA). A neurite was defined as a process extending from the cell soma of the neuron that was immunopositive for both β-III-tubulin (green) and F-actin (red). The length of neurites was measured using NeuronJ software (Meijering et al. 2004 (link)). Growth cones were defined by the presence of actin-rich filopodia and lamellipodia (Kapfhammer et al. 2007 ). Collapsed growth cones were defined as actin-rich neuritic endings in which filopodia and lamellipodia were indistinguishable. In neurite outgrowth and growth cone collapse assays, individual neurons were selected from two cover slips per condition; n is the total number of neurons analyzed per treatment. Cytotoxicity in slice cultures was assayed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release to media and by cellular uptake of propidium iodide (PI) (Jourdi et al. 2005 (link)). Neuronal viability was assayed by Live/Dead Cytotoxicity Kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) by computer-assisted image analysis of fluorescent images. Mitochondrial reductase was assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) at 585 nm in undifferentiated PC12 cells (Mosmann 1983 (link)). For viability assays, n is the total number of hippocampal slices analyzed (LDH release and PI uptake) or the total number of cell culture wells analyzed per condition.
Immunoblotting. Mouse hippocampi were homogenized using a glass homogenizer in cold lysis buffer as described by Jourdi et al. (2005) (link). After sample preparation, 20 μg protein was electrophoresed on 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, followed by transfer to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. The PVDF membranes were blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin for 1 hr and probed with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C: anti-GluA1 (glutamate receptor subunit 1; 1:3,000, rabbit; Abcam, Cambridge, MA), anti-GluA2 (1:2,000, rabbit; Millipore, Billerica, MA), anti-PSD95 (1:1,000, mouse; Abcam), anti-synaptophysin (1:5,000, mouse; Stressgene; Enzo, Plymouth Meeting, PA), and anti-β-III tubulin (loading control; 1:15,000, rabbit; Sigma), followed by incubation with secondary antibodies (1:10,000) conjugated with IRDye 680 (rabbit, LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE) and IRDye 800 (mouse, LI-COR). Immunofluorescence was detected by infrared imaging (Odyssey, LI-COR).
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Total cellular RNA was extracted from cerebral cortex of nPM-exposed mice and rat primary glia (Tri Reagent; Sigma), and cDNA (2 μg RNA; Superscript III kit; Invitrogen) was analyzed by qPCR, with primers appropriate for mouse (in vivo) or rat (in vitro). Genes examined by qPCR were CD14, CD68, CD11b, CD11c, GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), IFN-γ (interferon-γ), IL-1α, IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα. Data were normalized to β-actin.
Statistical analysis. Data are expressed as mean ± SE. The numbers of individual measurements (n) are described above and listed in the figure legends. Single and multiple comparisons used Student’s t-test (unpaired) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Tukey’s honestly significant difference, with statistical significance defined as p < 0.05.
Morgan T.E., Davis D.A., Iwata N., Tanner J.A., Snyder D., Ning Z., Kam W., Hsu Y.T., Winkler J.W., Chen J.C., Petasis N.A., Baudry M., Sioutas C, & Finch C.E. (2011). Glutamatergic Neurons in Rodent Models Respond to Nanoscale Particulate Urban Air Pollutants in Vivo and in Vitro. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(7), 1003-1009.
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Publication 2011
2
Cultivation and Virus Testing of Key Tropical Crops
All plants used in the study were grown under greenhouse conditions at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The varieties of cassava and tomato used were Albert and Moneymaker, respectively, while sweet potato and cotton were local landraces. All greenhouse plants were grown in pots with a soil mix of forest soil and manure mixed in a 4:1 ratio. Plants were typically 20–30 cm tall or with a minimum of five leaves. “Albert” is known to be preferred by whiteflies, while the tomato cultivar—Moneymaker—is extensively used in the scientific literature.
Considering the numerous reports of vector feeding behavior manipulation by viruses, it was important to ensure the use of virus-free cassava plants (Liu et al., 2013 (link); Moreno-Delafuente et al., 2013 (link); Lu et al., 2017 (link)). All cassava planting material was obtained from CMD and CBSD asymptomatic fields in Mtwara Region, Tanzania. Furthermore, leaf samples were taken from each stem and tested for the presence of Cassava Brown Streak Ipomoviruses using real-time RT-PCR to exclude the possibility of asymptomatic infections. The CBSI virus testing was done using the protocol described for cassava by Shirima et al. (2017 (link)). Leaf samples in the form of the middle leaflet were taken from the fifth youngest leaf from each cassava stem cutting used for planting. Samples were dried between two sheets of paper at room temperature for 4 days. Total RNA was extracted using the acetyltrimetyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol, cassava complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthetized and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers, probes, and cycling conditions described in Shirima et al. (2017 (link)). “Albert” is resistant to CMD, and since only symptomless plants were selected for planting material, the risk of infection was considered low and the material was not tested for the presence of CMBs. The assumption of the absence CMD was further supported as none of the grown plants exhibited the symptoms. Sweet potato plants were asymptomatic. Vegetative material used to plant them has been maintained under insect-proof screenhouse conditions, without symptoms of virus infection, for 3 years. Tomato and cotton were grown from certified seed.
Milenovic M., Wosula E.N., Rapisarda C, & Legg J.P. (2019). Impact of Host Plant Species and Whitefly Species on Feeding Behavior of Bemisia tabaci. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1.
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Publication 2019
ammonium bromide Asymptomatic Infections Cetrimonium Bromide Cloning Vectors DNA, Complementary Feeding Behaviors Forests Gossypium Infection Insecta Ipomoea batatas Ipomovirus Lycopersicon esculentum Manihot Marijuana Abuse Oligonucleotide Primers Plant Leaves Plants Plant Viruses Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Stem, Plant Training Programs Virus Virus Diseases Whiteflies
3
Fungal DNA Isolation and Sequencing Protocol
Genomic DNA of all isolates was isolated from fungal mycelium grown on PDA plates, placed in a 1.5 mL tube with glass beads and 600 μL hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction buffer (0.2 M Tris, 1.4 M NaCl, 20 mM EDTA, 0.2 g/L CTAB) and crushed 3 min at 30 vibrations per second in a Retsch Mixer Mill MM301 (Retsch, Haan, Germany). Before adding 400 μL chloroform : isoamylalcohol (24 : 1), the tube was placed in a 65 °C water bath for 15 min. The fungal matrix was spun down for 5 min at 15 800 x g. The watery supernatant was transferred into a new centrifuge tube and cold ammonium acetate solution (final concentration 2.5 M) and 600 μL cold isopropanol were added. After 15 min incubation at room temperature, the precipitate was spun down for 5 min at 15 800 x g and the supernatant discarded. One millilitre cold 70 % ethanol was added to the pellet, spun down for 5 min at 15 800 x g and the supernatant discarded. The DNA pellet was dried and resuspended in 100 μL ddH2O.
The 5.8S ribosomal gene with the two flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2), the β-tubulin gene (TUB), the actin gene (ACT) and a partial sequence of the 18S rDNA gene (SSU) were amplified and sequenced using the primer pairs ITS-1F (Gardes & Bruns 1993 (link)) + ITS-4 (White et al. 1990 ), primers T1 (O’Donnell & Cigelnik 1997 (link)) + Bt2b (Glass & Donaldson 1995 (link)), ACT-512F + ACT-783R (Carbone & Kohn 1999 ) and NS1 + NS8 (White et al. 1990 ), according to the conditions and protocols explained in Mostert et al. (2006a) . Additional primers used for sequencing the SSU were: NS2, NS3, NS4, NS5 (White et al. 1990 ). The ITS region was sequenced for preliminary identification of the fungi isolated from Prunus wood. Even though the ITS region has shown not to be robust for all species determination in the genus Phaeoacremonium (Groenewald et al. 2001 , Mostert et al. 2005 (link)), we did found it valuable information for future ITS comparisons and lodged it in GenBank (Table 1).
The sequences generated in this study and additional sequences obtained from GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.gov) were manually aligned using Sequence Alignment Editor v. 2.0a11 (Rambaut 2002 ). Pleurostomophora richardsiae (CBS 270.33) and Wuestneia molokaiensis (CBS 114877) were used as outgroup in the TUB and ACT phylogenies, while Cochliobolus sativus (U42479) and Pleospora betae (U3466) were used as outgroup in the SSU phylogeny. Two introns, only present in the outgroups (sequence positions 205–267, 388–421) were excluded from the SSU analysis. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony) v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003 ). The TUB and ACT data were analysed for each region separately, as well as with a combined data set. Alignment gaps in all analyses were treated as missing data and all characters were unordered and of equal weight. Maximum parsimony analysis was performed using the heuristic search option with 100 random sequence additions and tree bisection and reconstruction (TBR) as the branch-swapping algorithm. The robustness of the trees obtained was evaluated by 1 000 bootstrap replications with 100 random sequence additions (Hillis & Bull 1993 ). Tree length, consistency index (CI), retention index (RI), rescaled consistency index (RC) and homoplasy index (HI) were calculated for the resulting tree. A partition homogeneity test with the same search criteria was conducted in PAUP to examine the possibility of a joint analysis of the TUB and ACT data sets. Sequences derived in this study were lodged at GenBank (Table 1) and the alignments in TreeBASE.
Damm U., Mostert L., Crous P.W, & Fourie P.H. (2008). Novel Phaeoacremonium species associated with necrotic wood of Prunus trees. Persoonia : Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi, 20, 87-102.
Publication 2008
4
Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of Echinops wallichii

Plant materialThe roots of E. wallichii were collected from Mushkpuri tract, Nathia Gali, N.W.F.P. Pakistan in July 2008. The plant was identified by taxonomist Dr Rizwana Aleem Qureshi, Associate Professor, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan with reference to “Flora of Pakistan” and comparing with already identified herbarium sheets preserved in the herbarium. A voucher specimen (Specimen No. 125755) was deposited in ISL Herbarium, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan.
Extraction and fractionationFresh roots of the E. wallichii were washed, sliced and dried under shade and ground. The root extract was prepared in analytical grade methanol (5 kg in 12 L) for 72 h, then methanol was removed and residue was immersed in methanol for further five days. Thereafter, the methanol was decanted and filtered with filter paper. The filtrate was subsequently concentrated under reduced pressure at 45°C in rotary evaporator (Rotavapor R-200 Buchi, Switzerland) and dried to a constant weight (700 gram) in vacuum oven at 45°C (Vacucell, Einrichtungen GmbH). This was called crude methanolic root extract (CME).
The CME was then subjected to fractionation, where 230 g of CME was suspended in 200 mL of distilled water. This aqueous suspension was further subjected to solvent-solvent extraction for five fractions, namely; n-Hexane Fraction (NHF), n-Butanol Fraction (NBF), Chloroform Fraction (CHF), Ethyl acetate Fraction (EAF) and aqueous Fraction (AQF). The overall fractionation procedure is given in flowchart diagram (Figure 4).
Biological activitiesDetermination of antioxidant activityThe free radical scavenging activity was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) assay. DPPH assay was performed according to the procedure described by Kulisic et al. (10 ) modified by Obeid et al. (11 (link)). DPPH solution was prepared by dissolving 3.2 mg DPPH in 100 mL of 82% methanol. 2800 μL of DPPH solution was added to glass vials followed by the addition of 200 μL of CME solution in Methanol; leading to the final concentration of 100 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, 2 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL. Mixtures were shaken well and kept in dark at controlled room temperature (25°C-28°C) for one hour. Absorbance was measured at 517 nm by using spectrophotometer (DAD 8453, Agilent). Methanol (82%) was used as blank while mixture of 200 μL of methanol and 2800 μL of DPPH solutions were taken as negative control. Ascorbic acid was used as positive control. Each test was performed in triplicates and percentage inhibition was measured according to formula given below and IC50 values were calculated by graphical method.
Scavenging effect (%) = [(Ac-As)/Ac] x100
Where “Ac” means Absorbance of negative control and “As” means Absorbance of test sample. In order to determine the antioxidant activity of different fractions the same procedure was then repeated with all of the fractions i.e. NBF, NHF, EAF and AQF.
DNA protection assayTo study the effects of CME and its fractions on plasmid DNA the procedure of Tian and Hua (12 ), modified by Nawaz et al. (13 ) was adopted. The reaction was conducted in an Eppendorf tube at a total volume of 15 μL containing following components; 0.5 μg pBR322 DNA suspended in 3 μL of 50mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 3 μL of 2 mM FeSO4, 5 μL of tested samples (CME and its fractions) and 4 μL of 30% H2O2. Resulting mixture was incubated at 37°C for 1 h and was subjected to 1% agarose gel electrophoresis for 1 h at 100 volts. DNA bands (supercoiled, linear, and open circular) were stained with ethidium bromide and were qualitatively analyzed by scanning with Doc-IT computer program (VWR). Evaluations of antioxidant or prooxidant effects on DNA were based on the increase or loss percentage of supercoiled monomer, compared with the control value. To avoid the effects of photoexcitation of samples, experiments were done in the dark and untreated supercoiled DNA, supercoiled DNA treated with 2 mM FeSO4, supercoiled DNA treated with 30% H2O2 and supercoiled DNA treated with 2 mM FeSO4 + 30% H2O2 were used as control along with the test samples.
Cytotoxic activity by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assayThe human cancer cell lines H157 (lung carcinoma) and HT144 (malignant melanoma) were cultured in RPMI1640 media (Gibco BRL, Life Technologies, Inc) supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum in a humidified incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2. The cells were subcultured approximately once every four days by 98% trypsin EDTA solution (pH 7.2). Growth inhibition of H157 and HT144 cells was determined by using the modified SRB assay as described by Skehan et al. (14 (link)). Briefly, cells were seeded at a density of 5×103 cells/well in 96-well plates. After 24 h, serial dilutions of samples (CME and fractions) and standard drug (Methotrexate) solutions were added for each concentration. The cells were exposed to test samples and drugs for continuous 72 h. For cell fixation, the culture medium was removed and trichloroacetic acid (50%, 100 μL) was added in each plate. Then the plates were air-dried and 0.4% SRB (sigma) in 1% acetic acid was added for 30 min and unbound dye was washed out with 1% acetic acid. After air-drying, SRB dye within cells were dissolved with 100 μL solution of tris-base 10mM (pH 10.5). The optical density of the extracted SRB dye was measured with a microplate reader (Platos R 496) at 490nm. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the test drugs was calculated using a Probit analysis program. Chemosensitivity of H157 and HT144 cells transfected with control vector was determined by SRB assay as described above.
Phytochemical analysis The crude methanol extract and its fractions were screened phytochemically for the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steriods phlobatannins, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides by standard methods of phytochemical analysis (15 -19 ). For total flavonoid determination ammonium chloride chlorimetric method was used (20 ). The total phenolic contents were determined according to Velioglu et al. (21 ) method and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used.
Ul-Haq I., Ullah N., Bibi G., Kanwal S., Sheeraz Ahmad M, & Mirza B. (2012). Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Euphorbia wallichii Root Extract and its Fractions. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR, 11(1), 241-249.
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Publication 2012
5
Comprehensive C. neoformans Fitness Screening

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Publication 2008
Agar Carbenicillin Cells Cetrimonium Bromide Deletion Mutation Genome Gentamicin Lung Mus Oligonucleotide Primers Sterility, Reproductive Strains Technique, Dilution

Most recents protocols related to «Ammonium bromide»

1
Synthesis of White Powder Compound
5 mL of acetonitrile is heated to 60 °C in a glass vial while
stirring, and then 5 mL of OAM is added. When the solution becomes
clear, 5.5 mL of HBr is slowly added dropwise. The solution is centrifuged
at 3000 rpm for 5 min, the liquid is thrown away, and the precipitate
is washed multiple times in acetonitrile via the centrifuge (using
the same conditions) until a white wet powder is achieved. The powder
is then put in a desiccator for at least 12 h to dry.
Massasa E.H., Kortstee L.T., Lifer R., Shaek S., Pokroy B., Castelli I.E, & Bekenstein Y. (2024). Colloidal Synthesis of (PbBr2)2(AMTP)2PbBr4 a Periodic Perovskite “Heterostructured” Nanocrystal. Crystal Growth & Design, 24(8), 3237-3245.
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Publication 2024
2
Synthesis of Bis-Quaternary Ammonium Salts
12.8 g (60 mmol) of amine 4 and 73.2 g (300 mmol) of 1,6-dibromohexane 5 were added to acetonitrile (100 mL). The temperature of the reaction mixture was raised to 65 °C and stirred under N2 for 24 h. After acetonitrile was removed, the excess of dibromohexane was removed under reduced pressure. The residual mixture was washed with ether (50 mL) in two steps and later dissolved in 50 mL of hot acetone. A white solid (2.5 g, 12%) was found after bis-quaternary salt 7 crystallized upon cooling of the ether-washed reaction mixture. When acetone was removed from the filtrate, mono-cationic salt 6 was found to be a white solid (22.5 g, 82%). MP 58–59 °C. (Found: C 52.2; H 9.6; N 3.0%. C20H43Br2N requires C 52.52; H 9.48; N 3.06%); νmax (KBr): 3409, 2920, 2855, 1465, 1242, 1143, 1053, 964, 893, 779, 728, 637, 497, and 472 cm−1. FTIR spectrum is displayed in Fig. S2.†δH (D2O) 0.71 (3H, t, J 6.8 Hz), 1.10–1.50 (22H, m), 1.57 (4H, m), 1.76 (2H, m), 2.98 (6H, s), 3.16 (4H, m), 3.39 (2H, J 6.4 Hz); δC (D2O) 14.82 (1C), 22.99 (1C), 23.17 (1C), 23.57 (1C), 25.80 (1C), 26.94 (1C), 28.17 (1C), 30.01 (1C), 30.41 (1C), 30.47 (1C), 30.76 (3C), 32.88 (1C), 33.11 (1C), 35.80 (1C), 52.89 (2C), 63.11 (2C) (dioxane: δ 67.4 ppm).
Goni L.K., Yaagoob I.Y., Mazumder M.A, & Ali S.A. (2024). Synergistic effect of KI on the corrosion inhibition of a poly(diallylammonium chloride)-based cyclocopolymer containing bis-cationic motifs for mild steel corrosion in 20% formic acid. RSC Advances, 14(14), 9725-9746.
Publication 2024
3
Genomic DNA Extraction from Moth Bean
Not available on PMC !
Severe yellow mosaic symptoms showing moth bean plants were collected from field (Fig 1). The total genomic DNA was extracted from leaf tissues of healthy moth bean plants and yellow mosaic virus infected plants by modified CTAB method of Rouhibakhsh et al. (2008) and Prema (2013) . All the DNA extracts were further diluted from 1:10 to 1:40 in sterile distilled water (SDW ) before using for PCR amplifications. Quality and quantity of DNA was checked by using agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometer.
Appu H., & Prema G.U. (2024). Molecular Detection and Partial Characterization of Coat Protein Gene of Moth Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MBYMV) from Northern Karnataka. Legume Research - An International Journal.
Publication 2024
4
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles
Gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4∙3H2O, 99.9%), trisodium citrate, sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 99%), hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC, 25 wt% solution in water), hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%), potassium bromide (KBr, 99%), potassium iodide (KI, 99%), L-ascorbic acid (99%), lead(II) chloride (PbCl2, 99.9%), and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3, 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 2-Mercapto ethanol was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Deionized water was used throughout whole experiments.
Park E.J, & Ha T.H. (2024). Pb2+ Ion Sensors Employing Gold Etching Process: Comparative Investigation on Au Nanorods and Au Nanotriangles. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 24(2), 497.
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Publication 2024
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Silica Nanoparticles
UMB, ammonium fluoride (NH4F), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), propidium iodide (PI), acridine orange (AO), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)- 2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide (MTT) and PDA were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Cell culture medium, antibiotics, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco (United States).
Edalatian Tavakoli S., Motavalizadehkakhky A., Homayouni Tabrizi M., Mehrzad J, & Zhiani R. (2024). Study of the anti-cancer activity of a mesoporous silica nanoparticle surface coated with polydopamine loaded with umbelliprenin. Scientific Reports, 14, 11450.
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Publication 2024

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6
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, India, Sao Tome and Principe, China, United Kingdom, France
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is a cationic surfactant commonly used in laboratory applications. It is a white crystalline powder with a molecular formula of CH3(CH2)15N(CH3)3Br.
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Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, India, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Spain, France, Australia, Canada, Poland, Switzerland, Singapore, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Sweden, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Macao, Chile, Japan, Hungary, Malaysia, Denmark, Portugal, Indonesia, Netherlands, Czechia, Finland, Austria, Romania, Pakistan, Cameroon, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Norway, Colombia, New Zealand, Lithuania
Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
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Methanol by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, India, United Kingdom, China, France, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, Ireland, Japan, Belgium, Portugal, Singapore, Macao, Malaysia, Czechia, Mexico, Indonesia, Chile, Denmark, Sweden, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Finland, Hungary, Austria, Israel, Norway, Egypt, Argentina, Greece, Kenya, Thailand, Pakistan
Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
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Ethanol by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Italy, India, France, China, Australia, Spain, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Brazil, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Singapore, Chile, Malaysia, Belgium, Macao, Mexico, Ireland, Sweden, Indonesia, Pakistan, Romania, Czechia, Denmark, Hungary, Egypt, Israel, Portugal, Taiwan, Province of China, Austria, Thailand
Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.
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Ammonium hydroxide by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Spain, Italy, Australia, China, France, Switzerland, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, Canada, Macao
Ammonium hydroxide is an aqueous solution of ammonia. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Ammonium hydroxide is commonly used as a pH adjustor, a cleaning agent, and a reagent in various laboratory applications.

More about "Ammonium bromide"

Ammonium bromide is a versatile inorganic salt with the chemical formula NH4Br.
This colorless, crystalline compound is soluble in water and ethanol, making it a valuable ingredient in a variety of applications.
In the field of photography, ammonium bromide has long been used as a key component in photographic emulsions and developer solutions.
It helps to control the sensitivity and contrast of photographic materials, playing a crucial role in the development of high-quality images.
Beyond photography, ammonium bromide finds use as a fire retardant, leveraging its ability to inhibit combustion and slow the spread of flames.
This makes it an important additive in various fire-safety products and applications.
As a precursor for other chemical compounds, ammonium bromide serves as a starting material for the synthesis of a wide range of substances, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pigments.
Its versatility is further highlighted by its applications in medicinal and pharmaceutical products, where it may be used as an active ingredient or as an excipient.
Researchers studying ammonium bromide can take advantage of PubCompare.ai's AI-driven optimization to streamline their workflows.
This powerful tool helps identify and compare the most effective protocols and products across literature, preprints, and patents, making reproducible research more efficient than ever.
When it comes to the synthesis of ammonium bromide, common methods include the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with hydrobromic acid (HBr), as well as the action of hydrobromic acid on ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH).
These established procedures provide reliable routes for the production of this versatile compound.
In addition to ammonium bromide, researchers may also be interested in exploring related compounds such as DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), FBS (fetal bovine serum), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetraethyl orthosilicate, hydrochloric acid, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium hydroxide, methanol, ethanol, and ammonium hydroxide.
These substances can be valuable in various experimental settings and may complement or interact with ammonium bromide in interesting ways.
By leveraging the insights and resources available, researchers can unlock the full potential of ammonium bromide and drive forward their investigations with greater efficiency and confidence.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven optimization is a powerful tool that can help streamline the research process and ensure the reproducibility of their findings.