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Arsenate

Arsenate, a chemical compound containing arsenic and oxygen, is an important subject of scientific research.
It is found in various environmental and biological contexts, and understanding its properties, reactivity, and potential impacts is crucial.
This page provides a streamlined platform, PubCompare.ai, which utilizes AI-driven analysis to help researchers locate the most reliable and reproducible protocols from scientific literature, preprints, and patents.
The intuitive comparison tools empower users to discover the best methodologies and products for their Arsenate-related projects, accelerating their research and enabling data-driven decisions.
Optimzed for SEO, PubCompare.ai offers a comprehensive resource for Arsenate research, empowering scientists to make informed choices and advance their understanding of this important compound.

Most cited protocols related to «Arsenate»

1
Arsenic Speciation in Urine Samples
The following commercial chemicals were used: ortho phosphoric acid (p.a., or TraceSELECT Ultra) from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); pyridine from Merck (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany); and hydrogen peroxide 30 % (p.a.), aqueous ammonia 25 % (suprapure), 65 % nitric acid (p.a.), and formic acid (p.a.) from Roth (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany). Chemicals were used without further purification except for the nitric acid which was distilled in a quartz sub-boiling distillation unit. Water used throughout was from a Milli-Q Academic water purification system (Millipore GmbH, Vienna, Austria) with a specific resistivity of 18.2 MΩ*cm.
Individual standard solutions (1000 ± 3 μg L−1 in 2 % nitric acid) for total element determinations of As, Cd, Mo, Pb, Sb, Se, U, W, and Zn (in the urine samples) and Ge, In, and Lu (internal standards) were obtained from CPI International (Santa Rosa, CA, US). For arsenic speciation, stock solutions containing 1000 mg As L−1 of each of the following species were prepared in water: arsenite (As(III) and arsenate (As(V)) prepared from NaAsO2 and Na2HAsO4.7 H2O, respectively, purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); dimethylarsinate (DMA) prepared from sodium dimethylarsinate purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); methylarsonate (MA) prepared in-house from sodium arsenite and methyl iodide (Meyer reaction); and arsenobetaine (AB), as the bromide salt, prepared in-house following the method of Cannon et al.11 The purity of the synthesized standards (MA and AB) was established by NMR and HPLC/mass spectrometry. Other arsenic standards (trimethylarsine oxide, arsenocholine, tetramethylarsonium ion, oxo and thio-dimethylarsinylethanol and oxo- and thio-dimethylarsinylacetic acid) were prepared as previously reported;12 ,13 (link) these standards were used to check the identity of minor peaks which occasionally appeared in the chromatograms.
The certified reference materials for total element measurements were NIST 1643e, trace elements in water (National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, US) certified for As, Cd, Mo, Pb, Sb, Se, & Zn; and NIES No. 18, human urine (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan) certified for As, Se & Zn. In addition, Seronorm™ control urine (Sero AS, Billingstad, Norway) and an in-house urine sample served as non-certified reference materials. The certified reference material for determining arsenic species was NIES No 18, human urine, certified for AB and DMA. Our in-house reference urine was used as a control for iAs, MA, DMA, and AB.
Scheer J., Findenig S., Goessler W., Francesconi K.A., Howard B., Umans J.G., Pollak J., Tellez-Plaza M., Silbergeld E.K., Guallar E, & Navas-Acien A. (2012). Arsenic species and selected metals in human urine: validation of HPLC/ICPMS and ICPMS procedures for a long-term population-based epidemiological study. Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications, 4(2), 406-413.
Publication 2012
Acids Ammonia arsenate Arsenic arsenite arsenobetaine arsenocholine Bromides Cacodylate Distillation formic acid High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Homo sapiens Mass Spectrometry methylarsonate methyl iodide Nitric acid Peroxide, Hydrogen Phosphoric Acids pyridine Quartz Rosa Sodium sodium arsenite Sodium Chloride tetramethylarsonium Trace Elements trimethylarsine oxide Urine
2
Prenatal Arsenic Exposure and Cord Blood Methylation
Study population. The study population consisted of the 134 initial participants of the ongoing New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS), which focuses on pregnant women from New Hampshire, whose primary household drinking-water source was a private well (Gilbert-Diamond et al. 2011 (link)). Eligibility criteria included English speaking, English literate, and mentally competent pregnant women 18–45 years of age. Subjects who changed their residence since their last menstrual period or whose home water supply was from a source other than from a private well were excluded from the study. Demographic and lifestyle information was collected during routine prenatal visits, and for the infant from the newborn medical chart. This study was approved by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at Dartmouth College. All study participants provided written informed consent prior to the study.
Arsenic exposure assessment. As previously described (Gilbert-Diamond et al. 2011 (link)), spot urine samples were collected at approximately 24–28 weeks gestation into acid-washed containers that contained 30 μL of 10 mM diammonium diethyldithiocarbamate to stabilize arsenic species, and frozen at –80°C until analysis (within 24 hr of collection). Samples were analyzed for individual species of urinary arsenic using a high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system, and urinary creatinine levels were assessed to control for urinary dilution. The arsenic speciation method is capable of quantitatively determining five arsenic species in urine: arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV), and arsenobetaine. The separated arsenic species were detected by ICP-MS using time-resolved analysis at m/z 75. The detection limits ranged from 0.10 to 0.15 μg/L for the individual arsenic species. Values for samples with measurements below the limit of detection were taken to be the median between 0 μg/L and the detection limit for that arsenic species. We calculated total urinary arsenic concentrations (U-As) by summing inorganic arsenic (iAs; AsIII and AsV) and the metabolic products MMAV and DMAV. Arsenobetaine was excluded from this calculation because it is thought to be nontoxic and to pass through the body without being metabolized. We used total U-As as a measure of in utero exposure to arsenic because urinary arsenic levels have been suggested to provide reliable indications of internal dose (Marchiset-Ferlay et al. 2012 (link)), and arsenic is known to readily cross the placenta, leading to fetal serum concentrations similar to maternal levels (Concha et al. 1998 (link)). As a measure of methylation efficiency, we have also calculated the ratio of inorganic to total urinary arsenic [iAs/(iAs + MMAV + DMAV)].
DNA methylation assessment and quality control. DNA was isolated from cord blood samples using DNeasy® blood & tissue kits (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) and bisulfite converted using the EZ DNA Methylation kit (Zymo, Irvine, CA). Samples were randomized across several plates and subsequently subjected to epigenome-wide DNA methylation assessment using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, CA), which simultaneously profiles the methylation status for > 485,000 CpG sites at single-nucleotide resolution. Microarrays were processed at the Biomedical Genomics Center at the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis, MN), following standard protocols. The methylation status for each individual CpG locus was calculated as the ratio of fluorescent signals (β = Max(M,0)/[Max(M,0) + Max(U,0) + 100]), ranging from 0 (no methylation) to 1 (complete methylation), using the average probe intensity for the methylated (M) and unmethylated (U) alleles. The data were assembled using BeadStudio methylation software (Illumina, San Diego, CA), without normalization per the manufacturer’s instructions. We used array control probes to assess the quality of our samples and evaluate potential problems such as poor bisulfite conversion or color-specific issues for each array (Marsit et al. 2009 (link)). All CpG loci on X and Y chromosomes and all loci within 100bp of known single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (determined using the annotation for the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array) were excluded from the analysis to avoid sex-specific methylation bias and biases related to genetic variability, respectively, leaving 385,249 autosomal CpG loci for analysis in 134 samples. Technical validation of the methylation array measurements was obtained using bisulfite pyrosequencing [for details, see Supplemental Material, Bisulfite Pyrosequencing (http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205925)].
Koestler D.C., Avissar-Whiting M., Houseman E.A., Karagas M.R, & Marsit C.J. (2013). Differential DNA Methylation in Umbilical Cord Blood of Infants Exposed to Low Levels of Arsenic in Utero. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(8), 971-977.
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Publication 2013
3
Toenail and Urine Arsenic Measurements
Infant toenail samples were collected from NHBCS participants in prelabeled collection vials. Upon analysis, samples were weighed and digested in Optima nitric acid (Fisher Scientific, St. Louis, MO, USA) by low-pressure microwave digestion at the Trace Element Analysis (TEA) Core Laboratory (Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA).30 (link) After digestion, the final sample weight was recorded and samples were then analyzed for total arsenic, measured in μg total arsenic per g toenail (μg/g), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) on an Agilent 7700× (Agilent Technologies Headquarters, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Arsenic was detected in all but one infant toenail sample. Among samples with detectable levels, infant toenail arsenic concentration ranged from 0.001 to 1.21 μg/g.
Maternal toenail samples were collected in paper envelopes, and analysis entailed an additional washing procedure that included the manual removal of any visible dirt and five washes in an ultrasonic bath using Triton X-100 (LabChem, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) and acetone followed by deionized water. Toenails were then dried before low-pressure microwave digestion and ICPMS analysis. Arsenic was detected in all maternal toenails and ranged from 0.001 to 0.41 μg/g.
Maternal urine samples were analyzed at the University of Arizona within 1 month of collection. Samples were analyzed for individual species of arsenic using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ICPMS that is able to detect five arsenic species, including arsenate, arsenite, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and arsenobetaine.31 (link) As unmetabolized arsenobetaine is believed to be non-toxic, we estimated total arsenic by summing arsenate, arsenite, MMA, and DMA.27 (link),32 (link) Detection limits for the four individual arsenic species ranged from 0.10 to 0.15 μg/l and 158, 59, 29, and 0 of the 170 samples for arsenate, arsenite, MMA, and DMA, respectively, were below the detection limit. For samples below the detection limit, we assigned a value equal to the detection limit divided by 2. The Cayman’s Creatinine Assay Kit (Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) was used to determine urinary creatinine.
Tap water samples were analyzed at Dartmouth’s TEA core for total arsenic concentration also by ICPMS on an Agilent 7700× (Agilent Technologies Headquarters).27 (link) The detection limit for arsenic in tap water samples ranged between 0.009 and 0.074 μg/l, and 96% of samples were above the detection limit.
Davis M.A., Li Z., Gilbert-Diamond D., Mackenzie T.A., Cottingham K.L., Jackson B.P., Lee J.S., Baker E.R., Marsit C.J, & Karagas M.R. (2014). Infant toenails as a biomarker of in utero arsenic exposure. Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 24(5), 467-473.
Publication 2014
Acetone arsenate Arsenic arsenite arsenobetaine Bath Biological Assay Cacodylic Acid Caimans Creatinine Digestion High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Infant Mass Spectrometry Microwaves monomethylarsonic acid Mothers Nitric acid Plasma Pressure Toenails Trace Elements Triton X-100 Ultrasonics Urine
4
Long-term Arsenic Exposure Measured by Urine
Spot urine samples were collected in polypropylene tubes, frozen within 1–2 hr of collection, shipped in dry ice, and stored from 8 to 18 years at − 70°C in the Penn Medical Laboratory, MedStar Research Institute (Washington, DC, USA). The freezers have been operating under a strict quality control system to guarantee secure sample storage. For arsenic analyses, urine samples were thawed in August 2007, and up to 1.0 mL was transferred to a small vial, transported on dry ice to the Trace Element Laboratory, Graz University, Austria, and stored at − 80°C until analysis. Urine samples were frozen for an average of 13 years (range, 8–18 years) before analysis.
We measured total urine arsenic concentrations (expressed on an elemental basis) using inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The limit of quantification for total urine arsenic was 0.1 μg/L. We checked measurement accuracy with 1+19 diluted human urine no. 18 from Japan’s National Institute of Environmental Studies (Tsukuba, Japan) (e.g., 0.5 mL urine + 9.5 mL water). The measured mean (± SD) total arsenic concentration of 144 ± 4 μg/L (n = 19) was in agreement with the certified concentration of 137 ± 11 μg/L. Total arsenic concentrations exceeded the limit of quantification in all samples.
Urine concentrations of arsenite, arsenate, MA, and DMA (expressed on an elemental basis) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography/vapor generation ICPMS (Lindberg et al. 2006 (link)). The limits of quantification were 0.1 μg/L for arsenite and 0.5 μg/L for arsenate, MA, and DMA. Arsenite and arsenate were below the limit of quantification in 2 (1%) and 126 (70%) samples, respectively. MA and DMA exceeded the limit of quantification in all samples. The interassay coefficients of variation for an in-house reference urine sample for arsenite, arsenate, MA, and DMA were 3.8%, 4.5%, 4.3%, and 1.9%, respectively (n = 18). We did not detect thio-DMA, an arsenic species that has been related to arsenosugar exposure (Hansen et al. 2003 (link); Raml et al. 2005 (link)) and to high arsenic exposure in Bangladesh (Raml et al. 2007 (link)), in any of the study samples.
We measured urine arsenobetaine concentrations using cation-exchange chromatography on a Zorbax 300 SCX column (4.6 mm inner diameter × 250 mm; Agilent, Waldbronn, Germany) operated at 30°C. The mobile phase was 10 mM pyridine (pH 2.3, adjusted with formic acid) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. We injected 20 μL of sample. The limit of quantification for urine arsenobetaine was 0.5 μg/L. We checked the accuracy of the measurements with 1+9 diluted human urine no. 18. The mean (± SD) measured value for arsenobetaine was 68 ± 2 μg/L (n = 18), in agreement with the certified concentration of 69 ± 12. Ninety-six (53%) samples had concentrations below the limit of quantification, reflecting infrequent seafood intake in the study population. The median (10th–90th percentiles) of urine arsenobetaine was 0.5 μg/L creatinine (< 0.5–137) [0.5 μg/g (< 0.5–6.1)]. Urine arsenobetaine concentrations were similarly low by region and other participant characteristics (data not shown).
Navas-Acien A., Umans J.G., Howard B.V., Goessler W., Francesconi K.A., Crainiceanu C.M., Silbergeld E.K, & Guallar E. (2009). Urine Arsenic Concentrations and Species Excretion Patterns in American Indian Communities Over a 10-year Period: The Strong Heart Study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(9), 1428-1433.
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Publication 2009
5
Arsenic Exposure Assessment via Spot Urine Samples

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Publication 2010
arsenate Arsenic arsenite arsenobetaine arsenocholine arsenosugar Biological Assay Dry Ice Freezing High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Mass Spectrometry methylarsonate Plant Roots Plasma Cells Seafood Urinalysis Urine Urine Specimen Collection

Most recents protocols related to «Arsenate»

1
Adsorption of Arsenate by Mineralized Filters
The adsorption capacity of the mineralized filters for arsenate species (AsO4) was probed through soaking and flow-through tests. Results for Fh filters were compared with pristine wood filters and those functionalized with a different iron oxide mineral phase, magnetite (Mt). To remove residual metal ions, glassware was thoroughly washed with hydrochloric acid. Solutions of 1 mg L−1 (1 ppm) AsO4 concentration were prepared from Na2HAsO4·7H2O in nanopure water. For soaking trials, filters were exposed to the AsO4 solution for 24 hours to allow for the solution to be taken up by the filter and allow for sufficient interactions with the mineral phase(s). After 24 hours, the filters were removed from the solution and the remaining solutions were collected for analysis.
Two flow-through analysis tests for AsO4 removal were conducted using cylindrical filters (⌀ = 20 mm, h = 25 mm height). Filters were confined within a section of flexible PVC piping to create a tight seal with the axial direction of the structure parallel to the direction of water flow. For the first test. 100 mL of solution with a known starting arsenate concentration (1 mg L−1 = 1 ppm) was passed gravimetrically (20–25 mL min−1) through each of the 3 filter types with 10 mL of eluent being collected after each pass through the filters.
After AsO4 trials, filters were air dried and stored at 4 °C for subsequent elemental analysis using SEM-EDS. The pH of the resulting eluents was measured and recorded to be 7.04 prior to the addition of concentrated HNO3 (15.8 M) to result in 2% HNO3 final concentration in each. The solutions were then analyzed via Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES) at a wavelength of 188.979 nm using an Agilent 4210 MP-AES instrument to determine the As(v) concentrations remaining in each solution. Concentrations reported are the average of 3 replicate measurements for each solution. Between each set of measurements, 2 samples of black coffee and 1 blank were run through the instrument to remove any adsorbed As from the sample chamber and ensure an accurate concentration reading for the measured samples.
The second set of analyses for As were conducted using a starting solution of 100 μg L−1 (100 ppb) AsO4 to more accurately represent contaminated environmental levels. Eluents were collected from each of the 3 filter types at the 10th and 15th passes in the flow-through and after 24 hours for batch incubation. Samples were diluted with an equal volume of 1% nitric acid before analysis. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was conducted using an Agilent 8900 triple quad with an SPS auto sampler, radio frequency power of 1550W, single-element As standard (Spex CertiPrep CLAS2-2Y), and argon plasma gas flow of 15 L min−1. Data were quantified using weighed, serial dilutions of a multi-element standard (CEM 2, VHG labs, VHG-SM70B-100) for Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn, as well as a single-element standard for As (Spex CertiPrep CLAS2-2Y). Data were quantified using a 12-point calibration curve. A NIST SRM 1683f was prepared at 8× dilution (3.5 mL of 1% HNO3 + 500 μl of NIST SRM 1683f) to ensure accuracy of the calibration curve. For each sample, data were acquired in triplicate and averaged. A coefficient of variance (CoV) was determined from frequent measurements of a sample containing 10 ppb of the elements. An internal standard (Sc, Ge, Bi) continuously introduced with the sample was used to correct for detector fluctuations and to monitor plasma stability.
Soini S.A., Feliciano S.M., Duersch B.G, & Merk V.M. (2024). Nanocrystalline iron hydroxide lignocellulose filters for arsenate remediation. Rsc Sustainability, 2(3), 626-634.
Publication 2024
2
Assaying Aldose Reductase Enzyme Activity
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Publication 2024
3
Wheat Responses to Arsenate Toxicity
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Publication 2024
4
Mineralization of Balsa Wood
Balsa wood (Ochroma pyramidale) was purchased from the company Specialized Balsa Wood and cut to size before mineralization. Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (98%+, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), sodium hydrogen arsenate heptahydrate (98%, Na2HAsO4·7H2O), potassium hydroxide (KOH) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Reagents were not subjected to any further purification before use.
Soini S.A., Feliciano S.M., Duersch B.G, & Merk V.M. (2024). Nanocrystalline iron hydroxide lignocellulose filters for arsenate remediation. Rsc Sustainability, 2(3), 626-634.
Publication 2024
5
Heat Shock and Proteasome Inhibition
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Before subjected to heat shock, the ISRIB treatment group cells were pre-treated with 200 nM ISRIB (Merk) for 30 minutes. After heat shock, 100 nM epoxomicin (Sigma) was added for 4 hours. To test the effect of ISRIB on sodium arsenate-induced stress, cells were first pretreated with 200 nM ISRIB for 30 min followed by incubation with 50 µM sodium arsenate (Sigma) for 4 hours. For the proteasome inhibitor titration experiments, Ub-YFP MelJuSo cells were treated with the indicated epoxomicin concentration for 4 hours.
Xu S., Gierisch M.E., Barchi E., Poser I., Alberti S., Salomons F.A., & Dantuma N.P. (2024). Chemical inhibition of the integrated stress response impairs the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Publication 2024

Top products related to «Arsenate»

1
Sodium arsenate by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, India
Sodium arsenate is a chemical compound with the formula Na3AsO4. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water. Sodium arsenate is primarily used as a laboratory reagent and is commonly employed in various scientific and research applications.
2
Sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate is a chemical compound with the formula Na2HAsO4·7H2O. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water. The compound is commonly used as a laboratory reagent.
3
Hydrochloric acid (hcl) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, India, Italy, France, Spain, Australia, China, Poland, Switzerland, Canada, Ireland, Japan, Singapore, Sao Tome and Principe, Malaysia, Brazil, Hungary, Chile, Belgium, Denmark, Macao, Mexico, Sweden, Indonesia, Romania, Czechia, Egypt, Austria, Portugal, Netherlands, Greece, Panama, Kenya, Finland, Israel, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Norway
Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
4
Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, India, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Spain, France, Australia, Canada, Poland, Switzerland, Singapore, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Sweden, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Macao, Chile, Japan, Hungary, Malaysia, Denmark, Portugal, Indonesia, Netherlands, Czechia, Finland, Austria, Romania, Pakistan, Cameroon, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Norway, Colombia, New Zealand, Lithuania
Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
5
Ethanol by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Italy, India, France, China, Australia, Spain, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Brazil, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Singapore, Chile, Malaysia, Belgium, Macao, Mexico, Ireland, Sweden, Indonesia, Pakistan, Romania, Czechia, Denmark, Hungary, Egypt, Israel, Portugal, Taiwan, Province of China, Austria, Thailand
Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.
6
Sodium meta arsenite by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Sodium (meta)arsenite is a laboratory chemical compound. It is a white, crystalline solid with the chemical formula NaAsO2.
7
Na2haso4 7h2o by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Na2HAsO4·7H2O is a chemical compound that consists of sodium, hydrogen, arsenic, and water molecules. It is a crystalline solid that is commonly used in various laboratory applications.
8
Sodium arsenite naaso2 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Macao, Sao Tome and Principe
Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) is a chemical compound that is used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water. Sodium arsenite is primarily used in various chemical and analytical applications in research and laboratory settings.
9
Bactiter glo kit by Promega
Sourced in United States
The BacTiter Glo kit is a luminescent cell viability assay that quantifies the number of viable bacterial cells in a culture. It measures the presence of ATP, an indicator of metabolically active cells. The kit provides reagents and a protocol for a simple homogeneous assay that can be performed in a microplate format.
10
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.

More about "Arsenate"

Arsenate is a chemical compound containing arsenic and oxygen, which is a crucial subject of scientific research.
It is encountered in various environmental and biological contexts, and understanding its properties, reactivity, and potential impacts is essential.
Sodium arsenate and sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate (Na2HAsO4·7H2O) are common forms of arsenate encountered in research.
Hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and ethanol are frequently used in experiments involving arsenate.
Sodium (meta)arsenite (NaAsO2) is another arsenic-containing compound that is often studied alongside arsenate.
PubCompare.ai is a streamlined platform that utilizes AI-driven analysis to help researchers locate the most reliable and reproducible protocols from scientific literature, preprints, and patents.
The intuitive comparison tools empower users to discover the best methodologies and products for their arsenate-related projects, accelerating their research and enabling data-driven decisions.
The BacTiter Glo kit is a useful tool for assessing the cytotoxicity of arsenate and other compounds in biological systems.
FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) is a common supplement used in cell culture experiments involving arsenate and other chemicals.
Optimized for SEO, PubCompare.ai offers a comprehensive resource for arsenate research, empowering scientists to make informed choices and advance their understanding of this important compound.
The platform's streamlined approach and AI-driven analysis make it a valuable tool for researchers working on arsenate-related projects.