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Carbon disulfide

Carbon disulfide is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid with a characteristic odor.
It is used as a solvent, fumigant, and in the manufacture of rayon, celluloid, and other chemicals.
Exposure to carbon disulfide can cause a range of adverse health effects, including neurological, respiratory, and reproductive issues.
Researchers can utilize PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to streamline their carbon disulfide research, locating the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and enhancing reproducibility and accuracy through intelligent comparisons.
Explore this leading solution to optimize your carbon disulfide studies today.

Most cited protocols related to «Carbon disulfide»

A taxonomy requires a well-defined, structured hierarchy. Following standard notation, we use the term “category” to refer to any chemical class (at any level), each of which corresponds to a set of chemicals. These categories are arranged in a tree structure (Additional file 1). The main relationship type connecting these different categories is the “is_a” relationship. The rationale behind the choice of a tree structure was to provide a detailed annotation represented via a simple data structure, which could be easily understandable by humans. Moreover, as described in the results section, ClassyFire provides a list of all parents of a compound, which makes it easy to infer all of its ancestors. Inspired by the original Linnaean biological taxonomy [4 (link)], we assigned the terms Kingdom, SuperClass, Class, and SubClass to denote the first, second, third and fourth levels of the chemical taxonomy, respectively. The top level (Kingdom) partitions chemicals into two disjoint categories: organic compounds versus inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are defined as chemical compounds whose structure contains one or more carbon atoms. Inorganic compounds are defined as compounds that are not organic, with the exception of a small number of “special” compounds, including, cyanide/isocyanide and their respective non-hydrocarbyl derivatives, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbon sulfide, and carbon disulfide. For the complete current list of exceptions, please see Additional file 1. The classification of compounds into these two kingdoms aligns with most modern views of chemistry and is easily performed on the basis of a compound’s molecular formula. The other levels in our classification schema depend on much more detailed definitions and rules that are described below. SuperClasses (which includes 26 organic and 5 inorganic categories) consist of generic categories of compounds with general structural identifiers (e.g. organic acids and derivatives, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, organometallic compounds, homogeneous metal compounds), each of which covers millions of known compounds. The next level below the SuperClass level is the Class level, which now includes 764 nodes. Classes typically consist of more specific chemical categories with more specific and recognizable structural features (pyrimidine nucleosides, flavanols, benzazepines, actinide salts). Chemical Classes usually contain >100,000 known compounds. The level below Classes represents SubClasses, which typically consist of >10,000 known compounds. There are 1729 SubClasses in the current taxonomy. Additionally, there are 2296 additional categories below the SubClass level covering taxonomic levels 5–11.
Altogether this extensive chemical taxonomy contains a total of 4825 chemical categories of organic (4146) and inorganic (678) compounds, in addition to the root category (Chemical entities). As a whole, this chemical taxonomy can be represented as a tree with a maximum depth of 11 levels, and an average depth of five levels per node (Fig. 2). As with any structured taxonomy, the creation of a well-defined hierarchical structure offers the possibility to focus on a sub-domain of the chemical space, or a specific level of classification. A more complete description of this taxonomic hierarchy can be found in the Additional file 1: Table S1. The chemical taxonomy and its hierarchical structure provided using the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) format [33 (link)], which may help with its integration with respect to semantic technology approaches. The resulting OBO file was generated with OBO-Edit [34 (link)], and can be downloaded from the ClassyFire website.

Illustration of the taxonomy as a tree

Publication 2016
Acids Actinoid Series Elements Benzazepines Biopharmaceuticals Carbon Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide carbon sulfide Cortodoxone Cyanides derivatives fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether Generic Drugs Homo Inorganic Chemicals Isocyanides Metals Monoxide, Carbon Organic Chemicals Organometallic Compounds Parent Plant Roots Polyketides Pyrimidine Nucleosides Salts Trees

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Publication 2008
1H NMR Acids Anabolism Carbon disulfide Chromatography Disulfides ethanethiol ethyl acetate Ethyl Ether Filtration Hexanes Iodine Polymerization Silica Gel Sodium sodium hydride sodium sulfate sodium thiosulfate Solvents trithiocarbonate
The DNA substrate
used for the electrochemical characterization of DinG was either a
well-matched 20-mer DNA oligomer with a 15-mer 5′ to 3′
single-stranded overhang or the same substrate with the exception
of an abasic site being placed on the complementary strand four base
pairs from the bottom of the duplex (Table S1). A 20-mer strand of DNA with a terminal thiol and 6-carbon linker
at the 5′ end of the strand was annealed to a 35-mer unmodified
strand of DNA to yield the electrochemical substrate. The electrochemical
substrate was designed to be competent to be unwound by DinG in a
helicase reaction. Single-stranded DNA stimulates the ATPase activity
of DinG, which requires at least a 15-mer single-stranded 5′
to 3′ overhang in order to unwind DNA substrates in
vitro.
(32 (link)) In the electrochemical
cell, the DNA substrate is covalently tethered to the gold surface
via a gold–thiol bond.
The thiol-modified strand was
synthesized on a 3400 Applied Biosystems DNA synthesizer using standard
phosphoramidite chemistry. The complementary strands were purchased
from IDT. All phosphoramidites, including the terminal phosphoramidite
containing a 6-carbon disulfide linker, were purchased from Glen Research.
The thiol-modified and complementary strands were purified by HPLC
using an analytical C-18 column (Agilent). DNA strands were characterized
by MALDI mass spectroscopy. The DNA was quantified by UV–vis
absorbance, and equimolar amounts were annealed yielding the duplex
substrate.
To prepare DNA-modified single electrodes, a 50 μM
solution
of the DNA substrate was incubated overnight at ambient temperature
on a bare gold on mica surface (Agilent) in an electrochemical cell
with a capacity of 50 μL. Following incubation with the DNA
solution, the surface was rinsed and backfilled by incubating the
electrode with 1 mM 6-mercapto-1-hexanol for 45 min at room temperature.
Multiplex chip electrodes were prepared as described previously.29 (link),34 (link) The well-matched electrochemistry substrate was used for all single
electrode experiments. For experiments with multiplex chip electrodes,
the well-matched and abasic-site substrates were laid down side-by-side
in separate quadrants on a single chip.29 (link),34 (link)After
backfilling, the DNA-modified electrodes were rinsed with
the electrochemistry buffer (4 mM spermidine, 4 mM MgCl2, 0.25 mM EDTA, 20% glycerol, 250 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH ∼8.5).
Protein concentration was measured by UV–vis absorbance using
an extinction coefficient at 410 nm of 17 000 M–1 cm–1.22 (link) An aliquot
of 20 μM DinG was flash thawed by incubating it in a room temperature
water bath. The protein’s buffer was exchanged for the electrochemistry
buffer by diluting the protein two-fold into 2× spermidine buffer
(8 mM spermidine, 8 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, 20 mM Tris-HCl,
pH ∼9.0).
Electrochemical measurements were made using
a CHI620D Electrochemical
Analyzer. For cyclic voltammetry, sweeps within a window from −0.4
V vs Ag/AgCl to 0.1 or 0.2 V were carried out at a scan rate of 50
mV/s for several hours. For electrochemistry measurements on single
electrodes with ATP, 1 mM ATP or 1 mM ATPγS (Sigma) was added
after the electrochemical signal grew in to an appreciable size (>20
nA). Cyclic voltammetry was then used to scan the electrode over several
hours.
Publication 2014
adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) Adenosine Triphosphatases AT 17 Bath Buffers Carbon Carbon disulfide DNA, A-Form DNA, Single-Stranded DNA Chips Edetic Acid Extinction, Psychological Glycerin Gold Hexanols Lanugo Magnesium Chloride Mass Spectrometry MICA protein, human phosphoramidite Proteins Protein S Radionuclide Imaging Sodium Chloride Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Spermidine Sulfhydryl Compounds Tromethamine
Nicolet 6700 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA,) was employed to explore the release of rejuvenator in capsules to asphalt concrete beams after different cycles of compression loading. The asphalt mixture beam specimens were firstly heated in an oven at 70 °C for 30 min and then the beams were scattered by hand to pick out the capsules. The loose asphalt mixture without capsules was dissolved with trichloroethylene for 2 days and the upper liquid was extracted and placed in a fuming cupboard for 24 h to evaporate the trichloroethylene and obtain the extracted asphalt binders. Before FTIR testing, 0.1 g asphalt binder was added into the centrifuge tube and 2 mL carbon disulfide was dropped into tube to dissolve asphalt binder. Then the supernatant was dropped onto a KBr wafer and dried to form a layer of asphalt film on the surface of the wafer. The experimental parameters were set to scan the infrared spectrum of the sample in the range of 4000–400 cm−1 with a resolution of 4 cm−1 and a cumulative number of scans of 10 times. The oil release ratio was designed to characterize the amount of sunflower oil released in the bitumen from the capsule. It was defined as the percentage of the amount of oil released from the capsules to the total amount of oil wrapped in the capsules. According to the comparison of FIIR spectra, sunflower oil had a clear carbonyl absorbance peak of ester group at 1745 cm−1 while bitumen did not, see Figure 5. Asphalt had a strong absorbance peak of aromatic hydrocarbons carbon-carbon double bond at 1600 cm−1 while sunflower oil did not. Furthermore, the infrared spectrum of sunflower oil and asphalt have similar absorption peak in 3000–2750 cm−1 and fingerprint region (1300–400 cm−1). Since the peak area at 1600 cm−1 in the asphalt was almost constant relative to that of the full spectrum, the oil release rate could be calculated by comparing the peak area at 1745 cm−1 with that at 1600 cm−1, as displayed in Equation (2): I1745cm1=Area of the carbonyl centered around 1745 cm1Area of the carboncarbon double bonds of aromatic hydrocarbons around 1600 cm1
As shown in Figure 6, the standard relationship curve between the characteristic peak (1745 cm−1) area and the concentration of sunflower was obtained. Asphalt binder samples with oil contents of 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% were prepared by mixing the same sunflower oil and asphalt as used in the beams at 130 °C for 30 min. Then the linear relationship curve between sunflower oil content within asphalt and 1745 cm−1 peak area was fitted via FTIR results. The peak areas of the 1745 cm−1 of different extracted asphalt binders were calculated to acquire the oil contents in asphalt according to the oil content-peak area curve fitted.
Publication 2022
asphalt AT 130 Capsule Carbon Carbon disulfide Esters Helianthus annuus Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Oil, Sunflower Radionuclide Imaging Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Trichloroethylene
Activated carbon (ASC) was synthesized from almond shells that had previously been milled using a ball mill (Restch PM100, Retsch GmbH, Haan, Germany) and sieved after grinding to obtain a fine powder. Phosphoric acid (85%, Sigma-Aldrich, San Luis, CA, USA) was used as the activating agent in an H3PO4/ASC mass ratio of 1:1; this agent was contacted with the ASC for 3 h at 85 °C. After this process, the obtained product was dried for 24 h at 120 °C and then ground in a mortar. The conditions of the carbonization process were analysed in this study by varying the heating ramp, the target temperature, and the maintenance time at temperature. The calcination process was carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere (flow: 50 mL min−1). Afterwards, carbonized ASC was washed with distilled water until the reaction had been neutralized. ASC was finally obtained by drying at 120 °C in an oven (Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland) for 12 h, and it was ground in an agate mortar.
The activated carbon/sulfur composite (ASC/S) was obtained by a process known as the “disulphide method”, based on the dissolution of elemental sulfur in an organic solvent, carbon disulphide and its subsequent mixing with activated carbon. The conditions were as follows: Elemental sulfur (700 mg) was dissolved in carbon disulphide (5 mL) under magnetic stirring for one hour. Then, the ASC (300 mg) was added, and the stirring was maintained for a further 15 min. The resulting suspension was subjected to ultrasound to promote homogeneity until the solvent evaporated. Finally, the obtained ASC/S composite was dried overnight at 80 °C (Scheme 1).
Publication 2018
Almonds Atmosphere Carbon disulfide Charcoal, Activated Disulfides Nitrogen Phosphoric Acids Powder Solvents Sulfur Ultrasonography

Most recents protocols related to «Carbon disulfide»

Example 4

The catalytic effect of several other reagents having a thiocarbonyl functional group was examined on the leaching of synthetic chalcopyrite, covellite, bornite, and enargite. Experiments were carried out in stirred reactors containing 40 mM ferric sulfate solution at pH 1.8. 1 g of chalcopyrite or covellite was added to the reactors along with an initial concentration of 2 mM of various thiocarbonyl reagents including Tu, TA, SDDC, ETC and TSCA. The Cu extraction curves for chalcopyrite, covellite, bornite, and enargite using all or a subset of the above reagents are shown in FIGS. 20, 21, 22, and 23.

From FIGS. 20 to 23, it is clear that each of these further reagents that have a thiocarbonyl functional group show a beneficial effect in the ferric sulfate leaching of each of chalcopyrite, covellite, bornite and enargite.

FIG. 24 summarizes the results of further stirred reactor tests on chalcopyrite that additionally investigate urea and carbon disulfide. These results confirm that, as expected, neither urea nor carbon disulfide are effective reagents.

Patent 2024
bornite Carbon disulfide Catalysis chalcopyrite cupric sulfide enargite ferric sulfate Urea
The micron-sized monodisperse SiO2 microspheres were prepared according to the literature methods (Xing, 2015 ). CTS and PLA were purchased from Aladdin Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China; A. R. grade, purity ≥98%). Toluene, carbon disulfide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and catechol were bought from Yantai Yuandong Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. (Yantai, China; A. R. grade, purity ≥98%).
The microorganism used in this study was Bacillus stercoris EGI312, which was isolated and purified from activated sludge. The activated sludge was taken from the sewage treatment station of Shandong Chambroad Petrochemicals Co., Ltd. in Binzhou, Shandong, China. The bacteria were cultured in fresh LB medium for 2–3 days to an optical density (OD) of 2. After being centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 5 min, the bacteria were resuspended with 0.9% NaCl for immobilization according to the method by Deng et al. (2017) (link).
Publication 2023
Bacillus subtilis subsp. stercoris Bacteria Carbon disulfide catechol Color Vision Culture Media Dimethylformamide Immobilization Microspheres Normal Saline Sewage Sludge Toluene
Batch experiments on toluene degradation by free bacteria and LBMs were carried out in 100 ml shake flasks containing 50 ml of inorganic salt medium with toluene as the sole carbon source. The inorganic salt medium consisted of the following: 4 g L−1 K2HPO4•3H2O, 4 g L−1 NaH2PO4•2H2O, 2 g L−1 (NH4)2SO4, 0.2 g L−1 MgSO4, 0.01 g L−1 CaCl2, 0.01 g L−1 MnSO4•H2O, 0.01 g L−1 FeSO4•7H2O. The effects of the initial toluene concentration (300, 400, and 500 mg L−1), pH (3, 7, and 10), temperature (10°C, 30°C, and 40°C), and salinity (NaCl, w/V, 0, 2, and 5%) on the toluene biodegradation were investigated in the free bacteria and LBMs systems, respectively. Samples of the free bacteria and LBMs systems were ultrasonically dissolved in isovolumetric carbon disulfide for 5 min, respectively, and the organic phase was separated after static stratification. The concentration of toluene was determined using a gas chromatograph (GC, Agilent Technologies 7890B, United States) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID, Agilent G4556-64000, United States).
Publication 2023
Bacteria Carbon Carbon disulfide Environmental Biodegradation Flame Ionization Gas Chromatography potassium phosphate, dibasic Salinity Sodium Chloride Sulfate, Magnesium Toluene Tremor
A mixture of Gd2O3 powder and graphite in a weighted ratio of 1:1 was processed in high–frequency arc plasma discharge by the sputtering of graphite electrodes with 3 mm axial holes [50 (link)]. A fullerene mixture was extracted from the carbon condensate by carbon disulfide in a Soxhlet apparatus. Using the experimental technique described in Reference [51 (link)], a mixture of Gd@C82 and higher fullerenes was isolated from the resulting solution, and the sample was dried and redissolved in toluene solvent. The Gd@C82 endohedral fullerene was isolated from the solution by high–efficiency liquid chromatography on an Agilent Technologies 1200 Series chromatograph. As it was shown [22 (link)] in the mass spectrum, only the main fraction of Gd@C82 is presented, well isolated from broadband noise. According to the method proposed in Reference [52 (link)], the −O and −OH groups were attached to the isolated endohedral metallofullerene. The number of these functional groups was calculated [46 (link)] using the X–Ray photoelectron Spectroscopy data from the fraction of carbon atoms chemically bonded to oxygen atoms. Taking into account that the number of −OH hydroxyl groups attached to the fullerene must be even [48 (link)], the composition of this product can be presented as Gd@C82Ox(OH)y (x = 10–12, y = 30–32, x + y = 40–42) [46 (link)]. The Fourier–transform infrared absorption spectrum (Figure 1, black curve) was recorded using the VERTEX 70 (Bruker Optik GMBH) spectrometer in the spectral region of 400–4000 cm−1 with a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1. To obtain the spectrum, round tablet samples of 0.5 mm thickness, 13 mm diameter and 0.140 g weight were prepared. The tablets were prepared as follows: Less than 0.00089 g sample weight of Gd@C82OxHy were thoroughly grounded with 0.14 g of KBr and subjected to cold pressing at 10,000 kg. The FTIR spectrometer was equipped by a global light source, wide band KBr beam splitter and RT–DLaTG detector (Bruker Optic GMBH).
Publication 2023
Carbon Carbon disulfide Cold Temperature Eye Fullerenes Graphite Hydroxyl Radical Light Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Oxygen Patient Discharge Plasma Powder Solvents Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Toluene X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
In this study, the concentration of BTEX compounds was read according to the ISO/IEC 17025 standard method using the carbon disulfide extraction method and a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled with an FID in the laboratory. In this method, the detection limits for VOCs were in the range of 0.04 and 30 µg m−3 (for a sample preconcentration of 1 m3) [26 (link)]. Additionally, control samples and duplicate samples (obtained from all study sites) were used. The relative deviation of all VOCs in duplicate samples was less than 11%. Five blank samples were taken to check the presence of any possible contamination during the sampling, transportation, and storage of air samples. In this study, the total concentration of VOCs in each blank sample was found to be <0.5 ppbv. Spiked samples were used to assess the recovery rate and accuracy. Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing 15 replicates of QC samples on three different days. The results showed that the analyte recovery percentage was >95% for most compounds.
Publication 2023
Carbon disulfide Gas Chromatography

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Carbon disulfide is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid chemical compound. It is commonly used as a solvent in various industrial applications.
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
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Chloroform is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is a commonly used solvent in a variety of laboratory applications, including extraction, purification, and sample preparation processes. Chloroform has a high density and is immiscible with water, making it a useful solvent for a range of organic compounds.
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Acetone is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid. It is a common solvent used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Acetone has a high solvency power, making it useful for dissolving a wide range of organic compounds.
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Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
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Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.
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Potassium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula KOH. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and a strong base. Potassium hydroxide is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and in various industrial applications.
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Triethylamine is a clear, colorless liquid used as a laboratory reagent. It is a tertiary amine with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)3N. Triethylamine serves as a base and is commonly employed in organic synthesis reactions.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.

More about "Carbon disulfide"

Carbon disulfide, also known as carbon bisulfide or CS2, is a colorless, volatile, and highly flammable liquid with a characteristic unpleasant odor.
This versatile chemical compound has a wide range of industrial and commercial applications, including its use as a solvent, fumigant, and in the manufacture of rayon, celluloid, and other chemicals.
Exposure to carbon disulfide can pose significant health risks, as it has been linked to a variety of adverse effects, such as neurological, respiratory, and reproductive issues.
Researchers and scientists often study the properties, uses, and safety considerations of carbon disulfide to better understand its applications and potential hazards.
In addition to carbon disulfide, other commonly studied chemicals in related fields include methanol, chloroform, acetone, sodium hydroxide, ethanol, potassium hydroxide, triethylamine, DMSO, and acetonitrile.
These chemicals share some similarities in terms of their physical and chemical properties, as well as their industrial and laboratory applications.
To optimize their carbon disulfide research, scientists can utilize AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai, which can help them locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
By leveraging intelligent comparisons, researchers can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their experiments, leading to more reliable and impactful findings.
Whether you're studying the synthesis, applications, or safety aspects of carbon disulfide, PubCompare.ai's cutting-edge technology can be a valuable tool in streamlining and enhancing your research efforts.
Explore this leading solution today to take your carbon disulfide studies to the next level.