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Ceric oxide
Ceric oxide
Ceric oxide, also known as cerium(IV) oxide, is a critical inorganic compound with a wide range of applications in catalysis, polishing, and fuel cell technology.
It is a pale yellow, crystalline solid that is primarily used as a catalyst, oxidizing agent, and abrasive material.
Ceric oxide exhibits high thermal and chemical stability, as well as unique redox properties that make it valuable for numerous industrial and scientific processes.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of the key characteristics and uses of ceric oxide, offering researchers a reliable reference point for this important material.
It is a pale yellow, crystalline solid that is primarily used as a catalyst, oxidizing agent, and abrasive material.
Ceric oxide exhibits high thermal and chemical stability, as well as unique redox properties that make it valuable for numerous industrial and scientific processes.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of the key characteristics and uses of ceric oxide, offering researchers a reliable reference point for this important material.
Most cited protocols related to «Ceric oxide»
Acetone
Adult
ammonium molybdate
ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate
Biological Assay
borax
Buffers
Cerium
Chloroform
Diptera
Epon 812
Ethanol
Ethyl Ether
Fluorescence
Genotype
Glutaral
Glycerin
Males
Methanol
Microscopy
n-hexane
Osmium Tetroxide
paraform
Phosphates
propylene oxide
Proteins
Silicon Dioxide
Sulfates, Inorganic
Sulfuric Acids
Tolonium Chloride
Triglycerides
Vacuum
Example 1
A ceric nitrate solution not less than 90 mol % cerium ions of which were tetravalent was taken so that 20 g of cerium in terms of cerium oxide was contained, and the total volume was adjusted to 1 liter with pure water. Here, the concentration in terms of cerium oxide was 20 g/L. The solution was placed in an autoclave reactor, heated to 100° C., held at this temperature for 24 hours, and allowed to cool in an atmosphere to room temperature.
Then an aqueous ammonia solution was added to neutralize to pH 8 to obtain cerium oxide hydrate in the form of a slurry. The slurry was then subjected to solid-liquid separation with a Nutsche filter, followed by separation of the mother liquor, to obtain a filter cake. The filter cake was calcined at 300° C. for 10 hours in a box-type electric furnace under air atmosphere to obtain cleric oxide, which was then ground in a mortar into ceric oxide powder (referred to as powder (A) hereinbelow). The specific surface area of powder A) was measured by the BET method. Further, the specific surface areas of powder (A) after calcination at 800° C. for 2 hours, at 900° C. for 5 hours, and at 1000° C. for 5 hours, respectively, were measured by the BET method. The tap density and total pore volume of powder (A) were also measured. Further, powder (A) was calcined at 900° C. for 5 hours, and then the OSC of the resulting ceric oxide powder was measured at 400° C. The results of these measurements are shown in Table 1.
Powder (A) was calcined at 1000° C. for 5 hours, and then the TPR measurement was made. The results are shown in
Following experiment was made in accordance with the teaching of Example 9 of Jp-7-61863-B.
922 ml of a solution of cerous nitrate containing 150 g/L of CeO2 and 38 ml of a solution of hydrogen peroxide diluted to 200 ml were placed at room temperature in an autoclave reactor having a useful volume of 2 liters 150 ml of an aqueous 3N ammonia solution were added, while maintaining the temperature at 80° C., until a pH equal to 9.5 was obtained. The reaction medium was maintained at 8° C. for 1 hour to obtain a precipitate. The resulting precipitate was separated with a Nutsche filter, and washed with water.
The entire mass of the thus obtained precipitate was suspended in 150 ml of an aqueous 1N ammonia solution, placed in an autoclave, and treated therein at 160° C. for 4 hours. At the end of this heat treatment, the precipitate was recovered with a Nutsche filter. The obtained ceric oxide powder was subjected to the measurements as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2. Further, similarly to Example 9, the ceric oxide powder was further calcined at 500° C. for 5 hours, or at 700° C. for 5 hours, and then the tap density and total pore volume were measured, respectively. The results of these are shown in Table 2. Still further, as in Example 1, the ceric oxide powder obtained by calcining at 300° C. for 10 hours, followed by pulverization in a mortar, was further calcined at 1000° C. for 5 hours, and then the TPR measurement was made. The results are shown in
Example 2
Ceric oxide powder was prepared in the same way as in Example 1, except that the temperature and duration for holding the prepared ceric nitrate solution under heating were changed as shown in Table 1.
A ceric nitrate solution not less than 90 mol % cerium ions of which were tetravalent was taken so that 20 g of cerium in terms of cerium oxide was contained, and the total volume was adjusted to 1 liter with pure water. Here, the concentration in terms of cerium oxide was 20 g/L. The resulting solution was immediately neutralized with an aqueous ammonia solution to pH 8 without the heat treatment in an autoclave reactor, to thereby obtain cerium oxide hydrate in the form of a slurry. The slurry was then subjected to solid-liquid separation with a Nutsche filter, followed by separation of the mother liquor, to obtain a filter cake. The filter cake was calcined at 300° C. for 10 hours in a box-type electric furnace under air atmosphere, and ground in a mortar into ceric oxide powder. The obtained powder was subjected to the same measurements as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2. Further, as in Example 1, the ceric oxide powder obtained by calcining at 300° C. for 10 hours, followed by pulverization in a mortar, was further calcined at 1000° C. for 5 hours, and then the TDR measurement was made. The results are shown in
Example 3
A filter cake was obtained in the same way as in Example 1. The filter cake obtained was treated in an autoclave reactor, dispersed in water to reslurry, heated to 100° C., held at this temperature for 1 hour, and cooled to room temperature. The slurry was then subjected to solid-liquid separation with a Nutsche filter, to obtain a filter cake. The filter cake was calcined at 300° C. for 10 hours in a box-type electric furnace under air atmosphere, and ground in a mortar, to thereby obtain ceric oxide powder. The resulting powder was subjected to the same measurements as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
A filter cake was obtained in the same way as in Comparative Example 2. The obtained filter cake was subjected to the heat treatment and calcination in the same way as in Example 3, to obtain ceric oxide powder. The powder was subjected to the same measurements as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
In Tables 1 and 2, REO concentration is the concentration of cerium in the ceric nitrate solution in terms of cerium oxide. BET(1) is the specific surface area of the ceric oxide powder obtained by calcining at 300° C. for 10 hours, followed by pulverization in a mortar; BET(2) is the specific surface area of the powder in BET(1) further calcined at 800° C. for 2 hours; BET(3) is the specific surface area of the powder in BET(1) further calcined at 900° C. for 5 hours; and BET(4) is the specific surface area of the powder in BET(1) further calcined at 100° C. for 5 hours, all measured by the BET method. The specific surface area is shown in m2/g. Tap density (1) is the tap density of the ceric oxide powder obtained by calcining at 300° C. for 10 hours, followed by pulverization in a mortar; Tap density (2) is the tap density of the powder in Tap density (1) further calcined at 500° C. for 5 hours; and Tap density (3) is the tap density of the powder in Tap density (1) further calcined at 700° C. for 5 hours. The tap density is shown in g/ml. Total pore volume (1) is the total pore volume of the ceric oxide powder obtained by calcining at 300° C. for 10 hours, followed by pulverization in a mortar; Total pore volume (2) is the total pore volume of the powder in Total pore volume (1) further calcined at 500° C. for 5 hours; and Total pore volume (3) is the total pore volume of the powder in Total pore volume (1) further calcined at 700° C. for 5 hours. The total pore volume is shown in ml/g.
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Example 23
The optical structure of any of Examples 1-22, wherein the first or the third transparent dielectric layer comprises at least one of zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulfide (ZnS), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5), ceric oxide (CeO2), ytterium oxide (Y2O3), indium oxide (In2O3), tin oxide (SnO2), indium tin oxide (ITO), tungsten trioxide (WO3), or combinations thereof.
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ceric oxide
indium oxide
indium tin oxide
Oxides
stannic oxide
tantalum oxide (Ta2O5)
titanium dioxide
tungsten oxide
Vision
Zinc Oxide
zinc sulfide
zirconium oxide
Example 1
2.5 g (30 mmol) of cyclohexane and 0.10 g of gold-supporting ceric oxide obtained in Reference Example 1 as a catalyst were put in a 12-ml autoclave, and the inside of the system was pressurized up to 1.5 MPa with oxygen at room temperature and thereafter heated up to a temperature of 120° C. and reacted for 24 hours. As a result of analyzing the reaction liquid, degree of conversion of cyclohexane was 2.0%, selectivity coefficient of cyclohexanone was 25.3% and selectivity coefficient of cyclohexanol was 35.9%.
The reaction was performed in the same manner as Example 1 except for replacing gold-supporting ceric oxide obtained in Reference Example 1 with gold-supporting MCM-41 obtained in Reference Example 2 as a catalyst. As a result of analyzing the reaction liquid, degree of conversion of cyclohexane was 1.7%, selectivity coefficient of cyclohexanone was 16.6% and selectivity coefficient of cyclohexanol was 28.5%.
Example 2
2.5 g (30 mmol) of cyclohexane and 0.10 g of gold-supporting ceric oxide obtained in Reference Example 1 as a catalyst were put in a 12-ml autoclave, to which 0.075 g (0.46 mmol) of 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) was further added as a free-radical initiator, and the inside of the system was pressurized up to 1.5 MPa with oxygen at room temperature and thereafter heated up to a temperature of 120° C. and reacted for 24 hours. As a result of analyzing the reaction liquid, degree of conversion of cyclohexane was 20.8%, selectivity coefficient of cyclohexanone was 37.8% and selectivity coefficient of cyclohexanol was 52.5%.
The reaction was performed in the same manner as Example 2 except for replacing gold-supporting ceric oxide obtained in Reference Example 1 with gold-supporting MCM-41 obtained in Reference Example 2 as a catalyst. As a result of analyzing the reaction liquid, degree of conversion of cyclohexane was 10.5%, selectivity coefficient of cyclohexanone was 31.3% and selectivity coefficient of cyclohexanol was 48.5%.
The major embodiments and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are listed below.
- [1] A method of manufacturing cycloalkanol and/or cycloalkanone wherein cycloalkane is oxidized with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst such that gold is supported on ceric oxide.
- [2] The method according to [1], wherein said oxidation is performed in the presence of a free-radical initiator.
- [3] The method according to [2], wherein the free-radical initiator is an azonitrile compound.
- [4] The method according to [2], wherein the free-radical initiator is 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile).
- [5] The method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the cycloalkane is cyclohexane.
Example 3
The reaction was performed in the same manner as Example 2 except for pressurizing the inside of the system by using air instead of oxygen. As a result of analyzing the reaction liquid, degree of conversion of cyclohexane was 14.0%, selectivity coefficient of cyclohexanone was 28.5% and selectivity coefficient of cyclohexanol was 64.8%.
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Example 1
This example relates to the preparation of a composition based on cerium oxide and on lanthanum oxide in a proportion, by weight of oxide, of 90/10 respectively.
200 ml of a ceric nitrate solution containing at least 90 mol % of cerium IV ions and containing 50 g of CeO2 were neutralized with 5.1 ml of a 25% aqueous ammonia solution, then diluted with 794.9 ml of pure water. This solution was then heated at 100° C. for 0.5 hour. After removing the mother liquors, 20.5 ml of a lanthanum nitrate solution containing 5.16 g of La2O3 were added to the medium. Pure water was added to bring the total volume of the solution to 1 liter. The solution was then heated at 120° C. for 2 hours. After cooling the solution to 85° C., a 25% aqueous ammonia solution was added, with stirring, in order to adjust the pH to 8.5. The suspension obtained was filtered over a Nutsche filter to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate was calcined in air at 300° C. for 10 hours to obtain a composition containing 10 wt % of La2O3 and 90 wt % of CeO2.
Example 2
This example relates to the preparation of a composition based on cerium oxide and on praseodymium oxide in a proportion, by weight of oxide, of 90/10 respectively.
197.6 of a ceric nitrate solution containing at least 90 mol % of cerium IV ions and containing 50 g of CeO2 were neutralized with 5.6 ml of a 25% aqueous ammonia solution, then diluted with 796.8 ml of pure water. This solution was then heated at 100° C. for 0.5 hour. After removing the mother liquors, 11.0 ml of a praseodymium nitrate solution containing 5.25 g of Pr6O11 were added to the medium. Pure water was added to bring the total volume of the solution to 1 liter. The procedure as in Example 1 was then followed to obtain a composition containing 10 wt % of Pr6O1 and 90 wt % of CeO2.═
Example 3
This example relates to the preparation of a composition based on cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide and praseodymium oxide in a proportion, by weight of oxide, of 90/5/5 respectively.
201.6 ml of a ceric nitrate solution containing at least 90 mol % of cerium IV ions and containing 50 g of CeO2 were neutralized with 5.7 ml of a 25% aqueous ammonia solution, then diluted with 792.7 ml of pure water. This solution was then heated at 100° C. for 0.5 hour. After removing the mother liquors, 6.1 ml of a lanthanum nitrate solution containing 2.63 g of La2O3 and 5.3 ml of a praseodymium nitrate solution containing 2.63 g of Pr6O11 were added to the medium. Pure water was added to bring the total volume of the solution to 1 liter. The procedure as in Example 1 was then followed to obtain a composition containing 5 wt % of La2O3, 5 wt % of Pr6O11 and 90 wt % of CeO2.
Example 4
This example relates to the preparation of a composition based on cerium oxide and lanthanum oxide in a proportion by weight of oxide of 80/20 respectively.
197.6 ml of a ceric nitrate solution containing at least 90 mol % of cerium IV ions and containing 50 g of CeO2 were neutralized with 5.6 ml of a 25% aqueous ammonia solution, then diluted with 796.8 ml of pure water. This solution was then heated at 100° C. for 0.5 hour. After removing the mother liquors, 46.1 ml of a lanthanum nitrate solution containing 11.60 g of La2O3 were added to the medium. Pure water was added to bring the total volume of the solution to 1 liter. The procedure as in Example 1 was then followed to obtain a composition containing 20 wt % of La2O3 and 80 wt % of CeO2.
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Most recents protocols related to «Ceric oxide»
The green synthesized barium oxide ( BaO) NPs were exposed to radiation with the use of a 33.43 kCi commercial Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation system at the Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission. Before radiation, a demo sample located 11 cm from the source was used for a liquid phase dosimetry (Ceric-cerous system), having a radiation rate that is absorbed of 11.24 kGy/h. To get the absorbed doses of 25 kGy, 50 kGy, and 75 kGy, the BaO NPs were exposed to radiation for various periods of time [23 (link)].
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Ceric oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) were synthesized following established protocols with slight modifications24 (link). Specifically, 430 mg of cerium (III) acetate hydrate and 3.2 g of oleylamine were dissolved in 15 mL of xylenes and vigorously stirred for 24 h. The mixture was then gradually heated to 90 °C, and 1 mL of deionized (DI) water was swiftly injected. The solution was maintained at 90 °C for 3 h. Ethanol was employed to precipitate the CeO2 NPs, which were subsequently collected through centrifugation.
The synthesis of DOX@ZIF-8@ CeO2 (ZC-DOX) followed a previously reported procedure with some adaptations25 (link). Specifically, 500 mg of 2-methylimidazole and 5 mg of doxorubicin were combined in 4 mL of methanol and stirred for 10 min at room temperature. Subsequently, 1 mL of a water solution containing 2.5 mg of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O was introduced to the mixture. The reaction was vigorously stirred for 15 min, resulting in an emulsion-like suspension. The nano-cerium oxide particles and polyvinylpyrrolidone were dispersed in methanol and added to the emulsion-like suspension, followed by stirring for an additional 5 min at room temperature. The final product was obtained through centrifugation, and impurities were removed by washing with methanol. ZIF-8@CeO2 (ZC) was synthesized using the same protocol.
The synthesis of DOX@ZIF-8@ CeO2 (ZC-DOX) followed a previously reported procedure with some adaptations25 (link). Specifically, 500 mg of 2-methylimidazole and 5 mg of doxorubicin were combined in 4 mL of methanol and stirred for 10 min at room temperature. Subsequently, 1 mL of a water solution containing 2.5 mg of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O was introduced to the mixture. The reaction was vigorously stirred for 15 min, resulting in an emulsion-like suspension. The nano-cerium oxide particles and polyvinylpyrrolidone were dispersed in methanol and added to the emulsion-like suspension, followed by stirring for an additional 5 min at room temperature. The final product was obtained through centrifugation, and impurities were removed by washing with methanol. ZIF-8@CeO2 (ZC) was synthesized using the same protocol.
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The measurements were conducted using the LA system (J200 Tandem LA/LIBS Applied Spectra Inc., West Sacramento, USA) equipped with a high-energy laser (Nd:YAG) operating at a 266 nm wavelength, in which yttrium-aluminum garnet was the matrix (Y3Al2(AlO4)3), with an admixture of neodymium ions (Nd3+), and combined with the ICP-MS detection system (Nexion, 350x, Perkin Elmer, SCIEX, Framingham, USA). The ICP-MS settings were tuned to obtain the minimum ceric oxide ratio and the minimum doubly charged barium ion ratio, and maximum stable signal intensities of the NIST612 glass solid standard and selected tissue samples. Other instrumental parameters are summarized in Table 1 . All optimized parameters were set to allow the ablation of the whole tissue.
The ICP-MS was triggered by laser during the analysis. The project applied the line-by-line mode. Applied Spectra, Inc.'s Data Analysis was employed to visualize signal intensity. Quantitative distribution in tissue sections was compared with sections obtained from controls.
The ICP-MS was triggered by laser during the analysis. The project applied the line-by-line mode. Applied Spectra, Inc.'s Data Analysis was employed to visualize signal intensity. Quantitative distribution in tissue sections was compared with sections obtained from controls.
The sensing platform was fabricated in multiple steps. In the first step, a 1.2-micron-thick SiO2 layer was deposited via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) onto the bare 100-mm, 36° YX cut-LiTaO3 SAW-Grade wafer (Custom Glass and Optics, Williamsburg, VA, USA). The PECVD was performed at 200 °C, 25 W plasma power, and 800 mTorr using 2% Silane (balanced He) and N2O. Additional care was taken to avoid excessive stress and possible cracking of the piezoelectric wafers by slowly ramping up and down the chamber temperature. A temperature change of less than 10 °C/min was sufficient to avoid damaging the wafer. This ramping rate was also used for subsequent photoresist baking steps.
The SiO2 was patterned using photolithography and wet etching and comprises the first layer of the Au/Cr/SiO2 test beds. Patterning this layer was performed by spin coating a photoresist adhesion promotor (20% hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) and 80% propylene glycol monomethyl acetate (PGMA) solution) at 3000 rpm for 40 s. S1813 positive photoresist (Kayaku Advanced Materials, Westborough, MA, USA) was then spin coated at 3000 rpm for 40 s and baked at 110 °C for 1 min. The photoresist was exposed to UV light with a dose of 150 mJ/cm2 using a laser-printed photomask (FineLine Imaging, Colorado Springs, CO, USA). The exposed resist was then developed in MF-319 developer (Kayaku Advanced Materials) for 2 min, rinsed with deionized water, and dried with N2.
Once the lithography process was completed, the resist pattern was transferred into the underlying 1.2-µm SiO2 layer by etching in a buffered oxide etchant (BOE) 10:1 solution. The etch rate of the oxide layer was approximately 300 nm/min. After defining the first layer of the SiO2 test beds, a second layer of SiO2 was deposited on the same wafer. In this layer, a 50-nm-thick SiO2 layer was patterned using the lithography/etch procedure previously described. This SiO2 layer acts as a mask for the aperture of the tone burst interdigitated transducers (TB-IDTs) that are defined in the next fabrication step.
The TB-IDT and FIDTs and the second layer of the test beds (sensing membranes) were fabricated via e-beam evaporation, followed by photolithography, and finally wet etching. E-beam evaporation consisted of depositing a 10 nm Cr adhesion layer followed by 100 nm of Au. The lithography process was identical to the process described previously. It should be noted that alignment of the IDE photomask to the 50 nm SiO2 aperture (for the TB-IDT) is critical and hence was taken care of before exposure to the photoresist. Au/Cr patterns were finally defined via wet etching with an I2/KI Au etch solution (Transene Co., Danvers, MA, USA), followed by a nitric acid/ceric ammonium nitrate Cr etch solution (Transene Co.). The etch rates of the Au and Cr solutions were approximately 28 A°/s and 40 A°/s, respectively.Figure 13 shows the schematic of the fabrication process.
The SiO2 was patterned using photolithography and wet etching and comprises the first layer of the Au/Cr/SiO2 test beds. Patterning this layer was performed by spin coating a photoresist adhesion promotor (20% hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) and 80% propylene glycol monomethyl acetate (PGMA) solution) at 3000 rpm for 40 s. S1813 positive photoresist (Kayaku Advanced Materials, Westborough, MA, USA) was then spin coated at 3000 rpm for 40 s and baked at 110 °C for 1 min. The photoresist was exposed to UV light with a dose of 150 mJ/cm2 using a laser-printed photomask (FineLine Imaging, Colorado Springs, CO, USA). The exposed resist was then developed in MF-319 developer (Kayaku Advanced Materials) for 2 min, rinsed with deionized water, and dried with N2.
Once the lithography process was completed, the resist pattern was transferred into the underlying 1.2-µm SiO2 layer by etching in a buffered oxide etchant (BOE) 10:1 solution. The etch rate of the oxide layer was approximately 300 nm/min. After defining the first layer of the SiO2 test beds, a second layer of SiO2 was deposited on the same wafer. In this layer, a 50-nm-thick SiO2 layer was patterned using the lithography/etch procedure previously described. This SiO2 layer acts as a mask for the aperture of the tone burst interdigitated transducers (TB-IDTs) that are defined in the next fabrication step.
The TB-IDT and FIDTs and the second layer of the test beds (sensing membranes) were fabricated via e-beam evaporation, followed by photolithography, and finally wet etching. E-beam evaporation consisted of depositing a 10 nm Cr adhesion layer followed by 100 nm of Au. The lithography process was identical to the process described previously. It should be noted that alignment of the IDE photomask to the 50 nm SiO2 aperture (for the TB-IDT) is critical and hence was taken care of before exposure to the photoresist. Au/Cr patterns were finally defined via wet etching with an I2/KI Au etch solution (Transene Co., Danvers, MA, USA), followed by a nitric acid/ceric ammonium nitrate Cr etch solution (Transene Co.). The etch rates of the Au and Cr solutions were approximately 28 A°/s and 40 A°/s, respectively.
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All chemicals were purchased from commercial suppliers and used as received. 3-pyridine aldoxime (3-PA), p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (tosyl chloride), β-CD, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO.). Sodium bicarbonate and anhydrous sodium sulfate were purchased from Acros Organics (Westchester, PA.). Deuterium oxide (D2O) and sodium carbonate were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA). 6-deoxy-6-tosyl-β-CD was synthesized and purified as described in the literature [42 (link)]. 6-OxP-CD was synthesized as described by Zengerle et al. [40 (link)] and purified by semi-preparative HPLC and lyophilized using a Labconco FreeZone 4.5 Liter Lyophilizer (-50 oC). Acrodisc PTFE syringe filters (0.45 μm) were purchased from Pall laboratories (Port Washington, NY.). Autosampler vials and glass inserts were purchased from Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA.). Solvents used during the syntheses were removed by using a Büchi rotary evaporator R-200 equipped with a Büchi heating bath B-490 and coupled to a KNF Laboport Neuberger UN820 vacuum pump. Analytical thin layer chromatography (TLC) was conducted on Agela Technologies silica gel glass plates (AcOH/CHCl3/H2O, 8:1:1) [43 ] coupled with detection by ceric ammonium molybdate (CAM) [44 (link)–46 (link)], exposure to iodine vapor and/or UV light (λ = 254 nm) [47 (link)–49 (link)]. HRMS analyses were obtained at the Forensic Science Center at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory using Chemical Ionization (CI).
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3-pyridine-aldoxime
4-toluenesulfonyl chloride
Agelas
ammonium molybdate
Anabolism
Bath
Bicarbonate, Sodium
Chloroform
Deuterium Oxide
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies
Iodine
oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Silica Gel
sodium carbonate
sodium sulfate
Solvents
Syringes
Thin Layer Chromatography
Ultraviolet Rays
Vacuum
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More about "Ceric oxide"
Ceric oxide, also known as cerium(IV) oxide or CeO2, is a critical inorganic compound with a wide range of applications in various industries.
This pale yellow, crystalline solid exhibits exceptional thermal and chemical stability, as well as unique redox properties that make it invaluable for numerous industrial and scientific processes.
One of the primary uses of ceric oxide is in catalysis.
Its ability to act as an oxidizing agent and its high oxygen storage capacity make it a crucial component in catalytic converters, where it helps to reduce harmful emissions from vehicles.
Ceric oxide is also used in fuel cell technology, where it enhances the performance and durability of the fuel cell.
Beyond its catalytic applications, ceric oxide finds use as an abrasive material in polishing and cleaning applications.
Its hardness and ability to remove surface impurities make it a valuable ingredient in various polishing formulations, including those used for the production of high-quality optics and electronics.
Interestingly, ceric oxide has also been studied for its potential in the synthesis of other important compounds, such as chitosan, ethylene glycol, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA).
Additionally, it has been used in the preparation of ammonium molybdate, a compound with applications in analytical chemistry and materials science.
The unique properties of ceric oxide also make it useful in the production of various chemical reagents.
For instance, it can be used to synthesize 3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde, a compound with applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Researchers often utilize advanced analytical techniques, such as those provided by the NexION 350X, to study the properties and behavior of ceric oxide.
Additionally, the use of carbon powder, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and acetic acid may be necessary in certain ceric oxide-related experiments and applications.
Overall, ceric oxide is a versatile and indispensable material with a wide range of applications across various industries, from catalysis and fuel cell technology to polishing and chemical synthesis.
Its exceptional properties and diverse uses make it a subject of ongoing research and development.
This pale yellow, crystalline solid exhibits exceptional thermal and chemical stability, as well as unique redox properties that make it invaluable for numerous industrial and scientific processes.
One of the primary uses of ceric oxide is in catalysis.
Its ability to act as an oxidizing agent and its high oxygen storage capacity make it a crucial component in catalytic converters, where it helps to reduce harmful emissions from vehicles.
Ceric oxide is also used in fuel cell technology, where it enhances the performance and durability of the fuel cell.
Beyond its catalytic applications, ceric oxide finds use as an abrasive material in polishing and cleaning applications.
Its hardness and ability to remove surface impurities make it a valuable ingredient in various polishing formulations, including those used for the production of high-quality optics and electronics.
Interestingly, ceric oxide has also been studied for its potential in the synthesis of other important compounds, such as chitosan, ethylene glycol, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA).
Additionally, it has been used in the preparation of ammonium molybdate, a compound with applications in analytical chemistry and materials science.
The unique properties of ceric oxide also make it useful in the production of various chemical reagents.
For instance, it can be used to synthesize 3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde, a compound with applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Researchers often utilize advanced analytical techniques, such as those provided by the NexION 350X, to study the properties and behavior of ceric oxide.
Additionally, the use of carbon powder, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and acetic acid may be necessary in certain ceric oxide-related experiments and applications.
Overall, ceric oxide is a versatile and indispensable material with a wide range of applications across various industries, from catalysis and fuel cell technology to polishing and chemical synthesis.
Its exceptional properties and diverse uses make it a subject of ongoing research and development.