Aliquots of frozen fecal samples (2–5 g) were processed for isolation of VLPs by serial filtration, followed by cesium chloride gradient ultracentrifugation27 (link). VLPs were lysed in a solution containing Proteinase K and 10% SDS. DNA was extracted with 10% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/0.7M NaCl and amplified using the illustra™ GenomiPhi™ V2 kit (GE Healthcare). The resulting DNA was used for multiplex shotgun 454 FLX pyrosequencing. For further details about VLP purification, extraction of VLP DNA, assembly of pyrosequencer reads, and data analysis see Methods.
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Cesium chloride
Cesium chloride
Cesium chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CsCl.
It is a white, crystalline salt that is soluble in water and has a variety of applications in scientific research and industrial processes.
Cesium chloride is commonly used as a source of cesium ions in chemical reactions, as a dopant in electronic devices, and in medical imaging techniques.
It is also an important material in the study of radiation physics and nuclear chemistry.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of the key properties and uses of cesium chloride, which can help researchers locate and evaluate relevant literature on this important chemical compound.
It is a white, crystalline salt that is soluble in water and has a variety of applications in scientific research and industrial processes.
Cesium chloride is commonly used as a source of cesium ions in chemical reactions, as a dopant in electronic devices, and in medical imaging techniques.
It is also an important material in the study of radiation physics and nuclear chemistry.
This MeSH term provides a concise overview of the key properties and uses of cesium chloride, which can help researchers locate and evaluate relevant literature on this important chemical compound.
Most cited protocols related to «Cesium chloride»
aspergillopepsin II
cesium chloride
Cetrimonium Bromide
Endopeptidase K
Feces
Filtration
Freezing
isolation
Sodium Chloride
aspergillopepsin II
cesium chloride
Cetrimonium Bromide
Endopeptidase K
Feces
Filtration
Freezing
isolation
Sodium Chloride
Adoptive Transfer
Antibodies
BLOOD
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
cesium chloride
Cloning Vectors
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Flow Cytometry
Gene Expression
HIV Envelope Protein gp120
Homo sapiens
Immunoglobulins
Mus
Muscle, Gastrocnemius
Serum
Transfection
Transients
Ultracentrifugation
Virus
AAV2/8 was produced by transient transfection and purification from culture supernatant by PEG precipitation and cesium chloride ultracentrifugation. Virus was quantified by qPCR against CMV sequences and functionally validated in vitro to confirm gene expression prior to use in vivo. Mice were given single injections with purified vector in the gastrocnemius muscle. Antibody concentration in the serum was determined using an ELISA specific for either total human IgG or human IgG against HIV-gp120. Humanized mice expressing antibodies were produced by adoptive transfer of expanded huPBMCs into mice previously transduced with AAV vectors. HIV challenge was carried out via IP or IV injection and blood was sampled weekly to determine the ratio of CD4 to CD8 cells by flow cytometry.
Adoptive Transfer
Antibodies
BLOOD
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
cesium chloride
Cloning Vectors
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Flow Cytometry
Gene Expression
HIV Envelope Protein gp120
Homo sapiens
Immunoglobulins
Mus
Muscle, Gastrocnemius
Serum
Transfection
Transients
Ultracentrifugation
Virus
The GFP-hCre cDNA fragment was inserted immediately downstream of the FoxP3 ATG translational start site by homologous recombination into a 188-kb mouse BAC (from the C57BL/6 genome; clone RP23-143D8) carrying the intact FoxP3 gene, as previously described (29 (link)). We used a codon-optimized “humanized” Cre (hCre) to improve translational efficiency in eukaryotic cells. An EGFP-hcre-Frt-Neo-Frt cassette was provided by N. Killeen (UCSF, San Francisco, CA). The modified BAC was purified using cesium chloride gradient ultracentrifugation and microinjected by the UCSF Transgenic/Targeted Mutagenesis Core Facility into the pronuclei of nonobese diabetic mouse embryos to generate FoxP3-GFP-hCre BAC Tg mice. Mice carrying the GFP-hCre transgene were screened by FACS analysis using peripheral blood cells. Several founder mice were generated and screened for GFP expression and lack of functional FoxP3 protein, as indicated by an inability of the transgene to rescue the FoxP3 KO mice. Dicerlox/lox (14 (link)) mice and ROSA26R-YFP reporter mice (16 (link)) have been previously described. All mice were housed and bred under specific pathogen-free conditions at the UCSF Animal Barrier Facility. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of UCSF.
Animals
Animals, Transgenic
Blood Cells
cesium chloride
Clone Cells
Codon
DNA, Complementary
Embryo
Eukaryotic Cells
Genes
Genome
Homologous Recombination
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees
Mice, Inbred NOD
Mice, Laboratory
Mutagenesis
Protein Biosynthesis
Proteins
Specific Pathogen Free
Transgenes
Ultracentrifugation
Most recents protocols related to «Cesium chloride»
We used cesium chloride and zirconium(iv ) chloride (Sigma-Aldrich) in their as-received state without additional purification steps.
High titer adenoviruses to EGFP, MARCH2-GFP, MARCH2-LD-GFP, and MARCH4-GFP were produced in HEK 293A, concentrated by cesium chloride gradient, and then buffer exchanged by dialysis. Briefly, expression constructs were transferred to an entry vector and then shuttled to pAdCMV/V5/DEST destination vector via Gateway cloning LR reactions, sequence verified, then transfected and propagated using 293A, as described in the ViraPower Adenoviral Expression System manual (Thermo Fisher scientific). Amplified adenoviruses were concentrated by cesium chloride gradient using a Beckman-Coulter Optima XL-100K ultracentrifuge equipped with SW41Ti rotor, by two successive 25000rpm runs over layered gradients using equal portions 1.33 and 1.45g/cm3 cesium chloride. Viral bands were collected and then dialyzed using a Tube-O-Dialyzer according to manufacturer’s instructions (G Biosciences, MO, USA) to buffer exchange to 10 mM Tris, pH 8, 2mM MgCl2, 5% Sucrose solution. Purified adenoviruses were then aliquoted and stored at -80°C.
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Human adenovirus type C5 (Ad5) wild-type (WT) was purchased from ATCC (Cat#: VR-5), propagated on HEK-293 cells, purified via cesium chloride density ultracentrifugation, and stored in 40% glycerol at −20 °C for infections. The Ad5 Δ52K mutant pm8001 (Δ52K) (Gustin and Imperiale, 1998 (link)), a gift from P. Hearing (Stony Brook University, NY), was propagated on transgenic cell line (A549) expressing WT 52K, purified via cesium chloride density ultracentrifugation, and stored in 40% glycerol at −20 °C for infections. Viruses were purified using two sequential rounds of ultracentrifugation in cesium chloride density gradients. To achieve a cryoprotective solution for storage, the virus was diluted as follows: 2-parts virus in cesium chloride, 1-part 5× viral dilution solution (40 mM Tris pH 8, 400 mM NaCl, 0.4% BSA in H2O), 2-parts 100% glycerol. Viral titers were determined by infectious focus forming assay as described in “Viral progeny production”. All infections were carried out using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 unless stated otherwise and harvested at indicated hours post infection (hpi). To infect cells, the virus was diluted in cell culture media without FBS. After 2 h at 37 °C, culture media containing 10% FBS was added. For virus yield assays, the virus infection media was removed after 2 h and cells were washed 1× in PBS before the addition of culture medium to remove the excess virus.
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The adenoviral CYB5R3-Flag (Ad-CYB5R3) vector and empty vector control (EV) were obtained from Vigene Biosciences (Rockville, MD, USA). AD293 cells were reinfected with viral stocks to replicate the virus, and viral particles were then purified by double cesium chloride gradient ultracentrifugation. The infectious viral particles in the cesium chloride gradient were collected, dialyzed against 10 mM Tris (pH 8.0), 2 mM MgCl2, and 5% sucrose solution, and stored in a deep freezer. Viral titers were determined using the Adeno-XTM Rapid Titer Kit (Takara Bio USA, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Cells were infected with adenoviruses at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100.
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Lead(II) bromide (PbBr2; 99.999%) and lead(II) chloride (PbCl2; 99.999%), cesium bromide (CsBr; 99.999%), cesium MS, ethanesulfonic acid (95%), propanesulfonic acid (99%), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, 99.9%), Nafion PFI resin solution (tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro-3,6-dioxa-4-methyl-7-octenesulfonic acid copolymer), isopropyl alcohol, FS, LiF (99.99%), and TPBi were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Ltd. In addition, the PEDOT:PSS aqueous solutions (Clevios AI4083) were purchased from Heraeus, Germany.
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Cesium chloride is a white crystalline compound with the chemical formula CsCl. It is a highly soluble salt that is commonly used in various laboratory applications, including density gradient centrifugation, molecular biology, and spectroscopic analysis.
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Cesium carbonate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cs2CO3. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and commonly used in various laboratory applications.
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More about "Cesium chloride"
Cesium chloride (CsCl) is a versatile inorganic compound with a range of scientific and industrial applications.
Also known as cesium chloride, this white, crystalline salt is soluble in water and serves as a valuable source of cesium ions in chemical reactions, electronic device fabrication, and medical imaging techniques.
Cesium compounds, such as cesium carbonate and cesium chloride, are widely used as dopants in electronic devices, leveraging cesium's unique electronic properties to enhance the performance of semiconductors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and other electronic components.
The compound is also employed in radiation physics and nuclear chemistry research, owing to its importance in understanding radioactive processes.
In addition to its scientific applications, cesium chloride finds use in various industrial processes.
It is commonly used as a density gradient material in biomolecular separation techniques, such as gradient centrifugation, which allows for the purification and isolation of proteins, nucleic acids, and other biological macromolecules.
The compound's solubility in water and compatibility with biological systems make it a valuable tool in medical imaging and biotechnology.
Cesium chloride has been used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and as a component in adenoviral vector-based gene delivery systems, such as the Adeno-X Rapid Titer Kit.
Cesium chloride's versatility extends to its role in the synthesis of other cesium-containing compounds, including cesium oleate and cesium oleylamine, which are important precursors in the fabrication of cesium-based perovskite solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
While cesium chloride is a widely studied and utilized compound, it is important to exercise caution when handling it, as cesium and its compounds can be toxic if mishandled.
Proper safety protocols and personal protective equipment should always be employed when working with cesium chloride and other hazardous materials.
Also known as cesium chloride, this white, crystalline salt is soluble in water and serves as a valuable source of cesium ions in chemical reactions, electronic device fabrication, and medical imaging techniques.
Cesium compounds, such as cesium carbonate and cesium chloride, are widely used as dopants in electronic devices, leveraging cesium's unique electronic properties to enhance the performance of semiconductors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and other electronic components.
The compound is also employed in radiation physics and nuclear chemistry research, owing to its importance in understanding radioactive processes.
In addition to its scientific applications, cesium chloride finds use in various industrial processes.
It is commonly used as a density gradient material in biomolecular separation techniques, such as gradient centrifugation, which allows for the purification and isolation of proteins, nucleic acids, and other biological macromolecules.
The compound's solubility in water and compatibility with biological systems make it a valuable tool in medical imaging and biotechnology.
Cesium chloride has been used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and as a component in adenoviral vector-based gene delivery systems, such as the Adeno-X Rapid Titer Kit.
Cesium chloride's versatility extends to its role in the synthesis of other cesium-containing compounds, including cesium oleate and cesium oleylamine, which are important precursors in the fabrication of cesium-based perovskite solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
While cesium chloride is a widely studied and utilized compound, it is important to exercise caution when handling it, as cesium and its compounds can be toxic if mishandled.
Proper safety protocols and personal protective equipment should always be employed when working with cesium chloride and other hazardous materials.