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Chromic acid

Chromic acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2CrO4.
It is a strong oxidizing agent commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications, such as metal cleaning, electroplating, and as a reagent in organic synthesis.
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This ensures reproduciable and acurate findings, allowing researchers to identify the best protocols and products for their chromic acid research needs.

Most cited protocols related to «Chromic acid»

In order to determine the amount of degradation in the alloy, specimens were immersed in a physiological cell culture medium DMEM + Glutamax (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium, (+) 4.5 g/L d-Glucose, (+) Pyruvate, Life Technologies, Darmstadt, Germany) supplemented with 10% FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum, PAA Laboratories, Linz, Austria) in sterilized well-plates. In addition, a set of empty wells with cell culture medium served as control units. For degradation analysis, four specimens per incubation time were considered. Mg-2Ag samples were immersed for 3, 12 and 30 days according to the ASTM NACE/ASTM G31-12a standard. For Mg-0.3Ca, incubation times include the intervals of 1 h till 8 h followed by 1 day, 2 days, and later followed in intervals of 1 week to 6 weeks. In total, 16 mean degradation depth values were calculated for progressing incubation times for the alloy Mg-0.3Ca. Fresh cell culture medium was introduced into the well-plates for every 3–4 days to maintain constancy in pH value. Simultaneous drying process soon after incubation was carried out under argon environment at 37 °C for 24 h. The whole procedure is schematically illustrated in Figure 3.
The developed degradation product layer on the surfaces of specimens was removed with fresh chromic acid (180 g/L in distilled water, VWR International, Darmstadt, Germany). Samples were dipped in the chromic acid medium for 20 min with a gentle stir. In addition, a set of Mg-0.3Ca alloy samples in their initial state were immersed directly in chromic acid for 20 min to check the reactivity of chromic acid towards the alloy. The difference in weights observed before and after this treatment was in the range of limit of detection of the weighing machine. This confirmed the non-reactive nature of chromic acid towards the base Mg-0.3Ca alloy.
The weights of specimens recorded by using a high precision weighing scale (Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany) soon after sterilization and after chromic acid treatments were used to calculate their respective mean degradation depths using Equation (2).
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Publication 2016
Alloys Argon Cell Culture Techniques Cells chromic acid Eagle Fetal Bovine Serum Glucose Physiology, Cell Pyruvate Sterilization
Male C57BL/6J mice (age 4 weeks) were purchased from Harlan (Horst, The Netherlands) and were housed in the light and temperature-controlled animal facility (12/12 (light/dark), 20°C) of Wageningen University. They had free access to water and received standard laboratory chow (RMH-B, Arie Blok BV, Woerden, The Netherlands) for two weeks, followed by the low-fat diet for three weeks to adapt to the purified diets. All experiments were approved by the Ethical Committee on animal testing of Wageningen University. To investigate the effect of dietary fat on development of obesity and insulin resistance and on small intestinal gene expression in C57BL/6J mice, we used low-fat (reference) and high-fat diets that are based on 'Research Diets' formulas D12450B/D12451, with adaptations regarding type of fat (palm oil in stead of lard) and carbohydrates to mimic the fatty acid and carbohydrate composition of the average human diet in Western societies (Research diet services, Wijk bij Duurstede, The Netherlands). Thus, the high-fat diet mimics the ratio of saturated to monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids (40:40:20) in a human diet. The complete composition of the diets is given in Additional file 1. It should be noted that in these diets the energy density of all nutrients, except fat and starch, is equal.
At the start of the diet intervention, the mice were divided into two groups and were fed a powdered high- or a low-fat purified diet. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks of diet intervention, 6 mice per diet group, per time point were sacrificed after they were anaesthetized with a mixture of isofluorane (1.5%), nitrous oxide (70%) and oxygen (30%). All mice were sacrificed in the postprandial state and diurnal variability was avoided by harvesting small intestines at the same time of the day for both diet groups. The small intestines were divided into three equal parts along the longitudinal axis (proximal, middle and distal part of the small intestine). Small intestinal epithelial cells were scraped, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C until RNA isolation. Body weight was recorded weekly. The mice that were sacrificed after 8 weeks of diet intervention were all subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at week 7. Therefore, after 6-hours fasting, all mice received 0.5 ml of a 20% glucose solution via an oral gavage and blood glucose was measured after 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 150 minutes using Accu-Chek blood glucose meters (Roche Diagnostics, Almere, The Netherlands). To determine food intake, non-absorbable chromic oxide was supplemented to the diets for one week (week 5 of diet intervention). At the end of this week feces was quantitatively collected during 48 hours and fecal chromic oxide levels were determined as previously described [15 (link)]. These fecal chromic oxide levels were then used to calculate the energy intake per mouse per day on a high-fat and low-fat diet. An outline of this study design is presented in Additional file 2.
For immunohistochemical analysis, an identical low-fat and high-fat diet intervention study was performed for 2 weeks (n = 12 per diet). Small intestines were again excised, divided into three equal parts, cut open longitudinally, and washed with PBS. Thereafter, the small intestinal parts were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin.
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Publication 2008
Tissues GST enzyme activity: it measures the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro benzene (CDNB) with reduced glutathione that produces a dinitrophenyl thioether which can be detected by spectrophotometer at 340 nm. One unit of GST activity is defined as the amount of enzyme producing 1 mmol of CDNB-GSH conjugate/min under the conditions of the assay according to the method described by Habig et al. [26 (link)].
Tissues GPx enzyme activity: it was measured as IU/gm wet tissue by the reaction between glutathione remaining after the action of GPx and 5, 5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) to form a complex that absorbs maximally at 412 nm. Glutathione peroxidase activity of 1 U/mg protein was defined as 1 μg of GSH consumed/min/mg protein [27 ].
Determination of tissues CAT enzyme activity: it assayed by the method of Sinha which based on formation of chromic acetate from dichromate and glacial acetic acid in presence hydrogen peroxide, chromic acetate that produced was measures colorimetrically at 570 nm, one enzyme unit was defined as the amount of enzyme which catalyzed the oxidation of 1 μmole H2O2 per minute under assay conditions [28 (link)].
Tissues PON1 enzyme activity: PON1 activity towards paraoxon (O,O-diethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl phosphate) was determined by measuring the initial rate of substrate hydrolysis to p- nitrophenol, whose absorbance was monitored at 405 nm in the assay mixture, A PON1 activity of 1 U/mg protein was defined as 1 μmol p-nitrophenol formed per minute per mg protein [29 (link)].
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Publication 2011
4-nitrophenol Acetate Acetic Acid Benzene Biological Assay enzyme activity Enzymes Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1 Hydrolysis Nitrobenzoic Acids Nitrophenols Paraoxon Peroxide, Hydrogen PON1 protein, human Proteins Reduced Glutathione Staphylococcal Protein A Thioethers Tissues
AAO templates having periodic 3D nanotubular network templates have been prepared by a two-step anodization of aluminum,35 being the second anodization process a pulsed anodization. To begin with, ultrapure (99.999%) aluminum foils (Advent Research Materials, England), were cleaned and degreased by sonication in acetone, water, isopropanol, and ethanol. Foils were then electropolished in a solution of perchloric acid/ethanol (1/3) under a constant voltage of 20 V for 4 min. After that, the first anodization was achieved for 24 h. A 0.3 M sulphuric acid (Panreac AC Química, Spain) solution was used under a voltage of 25 V and at 0 °C. Then, the first anodic layer was removed by chemical etching in a mixture of phosphoric acid (7 wt. %) and chromic oxide (1.8 wt. %). A pulsed anodization process was then carried out in the conditions specified along the text. Afterwards, the underlying Aluminum substrate was etched with an acidic solution of CuCl2 at 1 °C and the barrier layer was dissolved using a 10 wt. % aqueous H3PO4 solution at 30 °C. Finally, the samples were submerged into a 5 wt. % aqueous H3PO4 solution at 30 °C in order to create the transversal nanochannels.
Publication 2014
Acetone Acids Aluminum chromic oxide cupric chloride Ethanol Isopropyl Alcohol Perchloric Acid phosphoric acid Sulfuric Acids

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Publication 2020
Acids Amino Acids Anesthesia Chromium Diet Feces Gravitation High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Hydrochloric acid Hydrolysis Ileum Ion Exchange Ninhydrin Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption Triticum aestivum Vorinostat

Most recents protocols related to «Chromic acid»

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The animal study was under the approval of the Ethics Committee of Ningbo No.2 Hospital. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Sprague-Dawley) were provided by the Vital River (Beijing, China). The animals were fed with standard food and water at a 12-h light/dark cycle at 23 ± 2°C. For the establishment of burn models, rats were randomized into the control (n=10), gasoline burn (n=30) and chromic acid burn (n=30) groups, and the two burn groups were further divided into the 5%, 10% and 20% burn subgroups with ten rats in each group. After anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg), rat dorsum was shaved and removed with sodium sulfide to expose 5%, 10% or 30% of the body surface area. before the experiment. Animals in the gasoline burn group were anaesthetized and then the 3% solidified gasoline (1 mL/20 cm 2 ) was smeared in the exposed area and ignited to burn for 30 seconds with the other area covered using a damp cloth. For rats in the chromic acid burn group, the exposed dorsum was immersed in chromic acid at 90°C for 15 seconds. For rats in the control group, the dorsum was immersed in water at 37°C for 15 seconds. The injured tissue and blood samples were collected from rats in each group. Blood samples were centrifuged at 1000 × g for 10 min. All animals were sacrificed at 48 hours following burn injury. The intestine, heart, liver, lung and kidneys were obtained and subject to histological analysis.
Publication 2024
Dichromate within the ethanoic acid is reduced to chromic acetate when heated within the presence of peroxide (H2O2), with the formation of per chromic acid as an unstable intermediate. The chromic acetate, thus produced was measured spectrophotometrically at 570 nm. The activity of catalase within the tissue samples is expressed as µ moles of H2O2 consumed/min/mg protein (23) .
Publication 2024
Not available on PMC !
A suitable amount of soil is digested with chromic acid and sulphuric acid using heat of sulphuric acid dilution, and soil organic matter is oxidised. A titration with standard Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate solution using diphenylamine as an indicator determines the excess of chromic acid that has not been reduced by the soil's organic matter [16] .
Publication 2024
The method previously described by Sinha (22) was applied to determine CAT activity with reagents including 30 mM H2O2, phosphate buffer (50 mM; pH 7.4), dichromate/acetic acid solution (5% aqueous potassium dichromate solution in distilled water, and 150 mL of Glacial (98-100%) acetic acid). In this technique, the reduction of dichromate in acetic acid to chromic acetate occurs on heating with H 2 O 2 , and the resulting chromic acetate was measured at 570 nm using a spectrophotometer.
Publication 2024
Ovarian tissues were homogenized in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4), and the resulting supernatant was mixed with thio barbituric acid (TBA), 7.5 mmol/L nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-reduced, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-reduced-MnCl2. The SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity was then measured at a wavelength of 340 nm [55 (link)].
To assess catalase activity, a heated dichromate in acetic acid solution was added in presence of H2O2. This mixture underwent a transformation into perchromic acid and finally to chromic acetate. The formation of chromic acetate was measured at a wavelength of 570 nm [56 (link)].
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Publication 2024

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Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.
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Phosphoric acid is a chemical compound with the formula H3PO4. It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
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Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.
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Chromic oxide is a green crystalline inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cr2O3. It is a primary component in various types of laboratory equipment and instruments.
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Nitric acid is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Nitric acid is a powerful oxidizing agent and is commonly used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and other chemical intermediates.
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Chromic acid is a chemical compound with the formula H2CrO4. It is a strong oxidizing agent commonly used in laboratory settings for various applications. The core function of chromic acid is to act as a cleaning and oxidizing agent, particularly in the removal of organic contaminants from surfaces.
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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
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Perchloric acid is a strong oxidizing agent commonly used in analytical chemistry. It is a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Perchloric acid is used in various laboratory applications, including sample digestion, oxidation reactions, and the preparation of perchlorate salts.

More about "Chromic acid"

Chromic acid, also known as hydrogen chromate, is a highly corrosive and oxidizing inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2CrO4.
It is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications, such as metal cleaning, electroplating, and as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Chromic acid is a strong oxidizing agent, making it effective for removing contaminants and impurities from metal surfaces.
It is commonly used in the electroplating industry to deposit chromium coatings on objects, enhancing their durability and corrosion resistance.
In organic synthesis, chromic acid serves as an oxidizing agent, helping to convert alcohols, such as ethanol, into aldehydes and ketones.
Researchers studying chromic acid can utilize PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol comparison tool to optimize their research.
This tool allows users to easily locate and evaluate protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, ensuring reproducible and accurate findings.
By identifying the best protocols and products for their chromic acid research needs, researchers can enhance the quality and efficiency of their work.
When handling chromic acid, proper safety precautions are essential, as it is a hazardous substance.
It is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and goggles, and to follow established safety protocols.
Researchers should also be aware of the potential hazards associated with other related compounds, such as chromic oxide, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid.
Chromic acid research can be further enhanced by considering the use of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a stabilizing agent, or by utilizing specialized equipment like the Eclipse 80i spectrophotometer for analytical measurements.
Additionally, the use of perchloric acid, a strong oxidizing agent, may be relevant in certain chromic acid-related applications.
By incorporating these insights and related topics, researchers can optimize their chromic acid research, ensuring reproducible and accurate findings that contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge in this field.