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Compounds, Nitrogen

Nitrogenous Compounds are a diverse group of organic molecules containing one or more nitrogen atoms.
These compounds play crucial roles in biological processes, chemical synthesis, and industrial applications.
They include amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, alkaloids, and a wide range of other nitrogen-rich substances.
Studying the properties, reactivity, and functions of nitrogen compounds is essential for advancements in fields like biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and materials science.
Researchers can leverag eAI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai to streamline their nitrogen compound research workflow and identify the most effective protocols and products for their needs.

Most cited protocols related to «Compounds, Nitrogen»

To simplify this study, all characterized AFEX pretreatment-derived biomass decomposition products were divided into five groups (Table 4): 1) nitrogenous compounds, 2) furans, 3) aliphatic acids, 4) aromatic compounds, and 5) carbohydrates.

Plant cell wall-derived decomposition products and water-soluble extractives present in AFEX-CS hydrolysate (ACH)

CategoryCompoundConcentration (mg/L)
Nitrogenous compoundsFeruloyl amide1065
p-Coumaroyl amide886
Acetamide5674
2-Methylpyrazine10
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine1
2,6-Dimethylpyrazine4
2,4-Dimethyl-1 H-imidazole24
4-Methyl-1 H-imidazole95
Furan5-Hydroxymethyl furfural145
Aliphatic acidsMalonic acid33
Lactic acid181
cis-Aconitic acid111
Succinic acid60
Fumaric acid30
trans-Aconitic acid329
Levulinic acid2.5
Itaconic acid8.2
Acetic acid1958
Formic acid517
Aromatic compoundsVanillic acid15
Syringic acid15
Benzoic acid59
p-Coumaric acid345
Ferulic acid137
Cinnamic acid14
Caffeic acid2
Vanillin20
Syringaldehyde29.5
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde24
4-Hydroxyacetophenone3.4
CarbohydratesGlucose60 g/L
Xylose26 g/L
Arabinose5 g/L
Gluco-oligomers12 g/L
Xylo-oligomers18 g/L

The concentration of nitrogenous compounds and furan were calculated from the content of the analyte in dry pretreated biomass [15 (link)] based on 18% solids loading (w/v) assuming 100% solubilization into the liquid phase.

The effect of these five groups of compounds on xylose fermentation was tested individually and in combination (five groups in combination) in order to investigate their synergistic inhibitory effect. The fermentations were conducted in SM supplemented with 60 g/L glucose and 26 g/L xylose. The decomposition products in each group and their concentrations are given in Table 2, and matched their absolute abundance as found in 6% glucan loading-based ACHs. To make stock solutions of decomposition products, all compounds were dissolved in water according to the categories of aliphatic acids, aromatic acids, aromatic aldehyde/ketones, furans, imidazoles, and pyrazines at 50-fold higher concentrations and the stock solutions were sterile filtered prior to their addition into the SM. Ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, amides, and carbohydrates were directly added to the fermentation media at the desired concentrations (Table 2) due to their lower solubility in water. Fermentations of SM without any decomposition products (blank) and ACHs were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. The ACH was adjusted to pH 5.5 before inoculum addition.
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Publication 2015
Ache Acids Aconitum Aldehydes Aliphatic Acids Amides Carbohydrates Cell Wall Compounds, Nitrogen Fermentation ferulic acid furan Furans Glucans Glucose Imidazoles Ketones Methyl-gag Psychological Inhibition Pyrazines Sterility, Reproductive trans-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid Xylose
The extraction of the polar compounds from the selected EVOOs was performed after 6 months of bottle storage, using a 80:20 (v/v) methanol/water mixture according to a previously published procedure [11 (link)]. Separation and identification of polyphenols were carried out by using a HPLC 1100 system equipped with a degasser, quaternary pump solvent delivery, thermostatic column compartment, autosampler, single wavelength UV-Vis detector, and MSD triple quadrupole QQQ 6430 in a series configuration (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA). Briefly, after filtration through 0.2 m pore size regenerated cellulose filters (VWR International Srl, Milano, Italy), EVOO extracts were injected onto a reversed stationary phase column, Luna C18 (150 × 2 mm i.d., particle size 3 µm, Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) protected by a C18 Guard Cartridge (4.0 × 2.0 mm i.d., Phenomenex). HPLC separation was accomplished using a binary mobile phase composed of (solvent A) water containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and (solvent B) acetonitrile (Chromasolv, VWR International Srl, Milano, Italy). The following gradient was adopted: 0 min, 10% B; 1 min, 10% B; 15 min, 30% B; 22 min, 50% B; 28 min, 100% B; 34 min, 100% B; 36 min, 10% B, followed by washing and re-equilibrating the column (with ~20 column volume). The column temperature was controlled at 25 °C, and the flow was maintained at 0.4 mL/min. UV-Vis detection wavelength was set at 280 nm.
Ionization of the molecules was acquired in negative ESI mode with capillary voltage at 4000 V, using nitrogen as drying (T = 350 °C; flow rate = 9 L/min) and nebulizing gas (40 psi). The mass acquisition in MS and MS/MS spectra ranged between m/z 50 and 1200. All data were acquired and processed using Mass Hunter Workstation software (version B.01.04; Agilent Technologies). Typically, two runs were performed during the HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of each sample. First, an MS full-scan acquisition was performed to obtain preliminary information on the predominant m/z ratios observed during the elution. Subsequently, MS/MS spectra were acquired: quadrupole 1 filtered the calculated m/z of each compound of interest, while quadrupole 3 scanned for ions produced by nitrogen collision of these ionized compounds in the chosen range at a scan time of 500 ms/cycle.
Tentative compound identification was achieved by combining different information: UV absorption, retention times (RT), and mass spectra (MS and MS/MS) which were compared with those from pure standards, when available, and/or interpreted with the help of structural models already hypothesized in the literature [11 (link),36 (link),37 (link)]. Then, the main revealed compounds were quantified by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) as 3-hydroxytyrosol (R2 = 0.99923; LOD = 0.0033 µg/g; LOQ = 0.0113 µg/g) and tyrosol (R2 = 0.99904; LOD = 0.0041 µg/g; LOQ = 0.0125 µg/g) equivalents in the case of aromatic alcohols and secoiridoids, apigenin (R2 = 0.99937; LOD = 0.0028 µg/g; LOQ = 0.0108 µg/g) equivalents in the case of flavonoids, and pinoresinol (R2 = 0.99889; LOD = 0.0054 µg/g; LOQ = 0.0152 µg/g) equivalents in the case of lignans. The optimized parameters (fragmentor voltage and collision energy) for each selected compound together with the mass transitions adopted for MRM were acquired through Mass Hunter Optimizer software (version B.03.01; Agilent Technologies) (Table S1, Supplementary Materials).
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Publication 2021
4-hydroxyphenylethanol acetonitrile Alcohols Apigenin Capillaries Compounds, Nitrogen Filtration Flavonoids formic acid High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies hydroxytyrosol Ions Lignans Mass Spectrometry Methanol Nitrogen Obstetric Delivery pinoresinol Polyphenols Radionuclide Imaging regenerated cellulose Retention (Psychology) Secoiridoids Solvents Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Rotting wood samples were collected in two areas of Yunnan Province, China. The areas were located in the Xishuangbanna Primeval Forest Park of Jinghong (21°98'N, 100°88'E) and Zixi Mountain of Chuxiong (25°03'N, 101°41'E). The predominant vegetation is characterised as tropical and subtropical forest biome. The climate is hot and humid, with annual precipitation between 1,000 to 1,600 mm and an average temperature that ranges from 14.8 to 21.9 °C. Sixty decayed wood samples were collected during July to August in 2016–2018. The samples were stored in sterile plastic bags and transported under refrigeration to the laboratory over a period of no more than 24 h. The yeast strains were isolated from rotting wood samples in accordance with the methods described by Morais et al. (2013) (link) and Lopes et al. (2016). Each sample (1 g) was added to 20 ml sterile d-xylose medium (yeast nitrogen base 0.67%, d-xylose 0.5% and chloramphenicol 0.02%, pH 5.0 ± 0.2) in a 150 ml Erlenmeyer flask and then cultured for 3–10 days on a rotary shaker. Subsequently, 0.1 ml aliquots of the enrichment culture and appropriate decimal dilutions were spread on d-xylose agar plates and then incubated at 25 °C for 3–4 days. Different yeast colony morphotypes were then isolated by repeated plating on yeast extract-malt extract (YM) agar (1% glucose, 0.5% peptone, 0.3% yeast extract and 0.3% malt extract, pH 5.0 ± 0.2) and then stored on YM agar slants at 4 °C or in 15% glycerol at -80 °C.
The morphological, physiological and biochemical properties were determined according to those used by Kurtzman et al. (2011) (link). The beginning of the sexual stage was determined by incubating single or mixed cultures of each of the two strains on corn-meal (CM) agar, 5% malt extract (ME) agar, dilute (1:9) V8 agar or yeast carbon base plus 0.01% ammonium sulphate (YCBAS) agar at 15 and 25 °C for 6 weeks (Kurtzman 2007 (link); Huang et al. 2018 (link)). The assimilation of carbon and nitrogen compounds and related growth requirements were tested at 25 °C. The effects of temperature from 25–40 °C were examined in liquid and agar plate cultures.
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Publication 2021
Agar Biome Carbon Carbon-15 Chloramphenicol Climate Compounds, Nitrogen Corn Flour Forests Glucose Glycerin Nitrogen Peptones physiology Sterility, Reproductive Strains Sulfate, Ammonium Technique, Dilution Xylose Yeasts
Carbon aerogels (CAGs) based on different types of starch (potato, maize, and rice) were obtained by the carbonization of organic aerogels. Precursors of carbon aerogels were prepared via the sol–gel polycondensation process according to the procedure described in our previous paper [25 (link)]. Briefly, starches of potato, maize, and rice origins (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) were dispersed in water with appropriate dilution ratio (the concentration of the solutions for potato and rice starches was 10 wt %, for maize starch it was 15 wt %). Suspensions of starches were stirred and heated up to the gelatinization temperature. Subsequently, the solvent exchange by immersing the aqueous gels for 12 days in the ethanol (96%, Avantor Performance Materials - formerly POCH S.A., Gliwice, Poland) was carried out. Afterwards, the alcogels were dried under ambient pressure in air at 50 °C for 1 day. As-obtained organic aerogels (OAGs) based on potato (OAGPS), maize (OAGMS) and rice starch (OAGRS) were analyzed in the context of thermal decomposition and morphology characteristics. Starch aerogels were then pyrolysed under argon flow (purity 99.999%, 50 mL∙min−1, Air Products, Allentown, PA, USA) at 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C for 6 h, which allowed carbon aerogels (so called CAGPS, CAGMS, CAGRS, consequently) to be obtained. At this point, it should be mentioned that the OAGs for carbonization were prepared as coarse powders and CAGs after the heat treatment remained in this form. However, for electrochemical application, the CAGs need to be ground into uniform fine powders, and the samples in this form are presented in the following paper. That is why the grinding of CAGs samples after pyrolysis was performed in an agate mortar for about 30 min for each sample.
The thermal decomposition of organic aerogels was studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis coupled with evolved gas analysis with infrared spectroscopy detection (EGA(FTIR)-TGA/DTA/DTG method). The experiments were carried out using SDT Q600 thermobalance (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) coupled with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer (Nicolet 6700 FTIR, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) by FTIR-TGA interface (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The measurements were performed in an inert gas flow (N2, 20 mL∙min−1) for samples with the weight of 20 mg placed in a corundum crucible, in the temperature range of 20–1000 °C and at a heating rate equal to 5 °C∙min−1. The 2D and 3D FTIR spectral maps of evolved gaseous products were recorded with resolution of 4 cm−1 collecting eight scans for each spectrum. The morphology of the materials was characterized using an FEI Versa 3D (FEG—Field Emission Gun) scanning electron microscope (FEI Company, Hillsboro, OR, USA). The crystal structure of the carbon aerogels was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) using BRUKER D2 PHASER (Billerica, MA, USA). The Cu Kα radiation ( λ=0.154184 nm) in the range of 10–60° (2θ) with a step of 0.02° was used. To determine the amount (a weight percent) of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen elements in the obtained carbon compounds, the elemental analysis (CHN analysis) was conducted using micro analyzer vario MICRO cube coupled with microbalance (Elementar, Langenselbold, Germany). Before the CHN determination, the CAG samples were dried in vacuum oven under 80 mbar for 3 h at 80 °C. The evaluation of chemical composition was performed with an accuracy of 0.3%. The electrical conductivity (EC) studies were carried out using semi-4-probe method with 1 mA alternating current (at a fixed frequency of 33 Hz) within temperature range from −20 to +40 °C by means of state of the art Sigma1 apparatus. The powder samples (with a thickness of about 2.5 mm) were placed in a glass tube between the parallel flat and gold circular electrodes (with 5 mm in diameter) and pressed by an electrode piston until the measured resistance of the samples remained constant and appropriate electrical contact was assured. Porous features of the resulting samples were evaluated from N2 sorption at −196 °C measured with 3Flex v1.00 automated gas adsorption system (Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA). Before the analysis, the samples were degassed under vacuum at 350 °C for 24 h. The specific surface area (SBET) was determined by the single point surface area at pp0=0.2 .
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Publication 2017
Adsorption Argon Birth Carbon chemical composition Compounds, Nitrogen Cornstarch Corundum Electric Conductivity Electricity Ethanol Gels Gold Hydrogen Maize Microtubule-Associated Proteins Noble Gases Powder Pressure Pyrolysis Radiation Radionuclide Imaging Scanning Electron Microscopy Solanum tuberosum Solvents Spectrum Analysis Starch Technique, Dilution Vacuum X-Ray Diffraction

Experimental protocol over the 2 generations

Twenty-eight pregnant New-Zealand white female rabbits (INRA1077 line, 1-year old) (F0) were exposed by nose-only inhalation in custom made plexiglas tubes to either diluted DE (1 mg/m3) (exposed group) or clean air (control group) for 2 h/day, 5 days/week, from the 3rd to the 27th day post-conception (dpc) (i.e., 20 days altogether over a 31-day gestation) (Fig. 1). DE exposure was performed with the Mobile Ambient Particle Concentrator Exposure Laboratory [18 (link)] connected to a 25KVA Loxam engine, with a 500 nm particle filter (Additional file 1: Figure S1).
DE is a complex mixture of hundreds of constituents in either a gas or particle form. Gaseous components of DE include carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, water vapour, carbon monoxide, nitrogen compounds, sulphur compounds, and numerous low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (some of them individually known to be toxic, such as aldehydes, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHS). The particles present in DE are known to be composed of center core of elemental carbon with absorbed organic compounds and small amounts of sulphate, nitrate, metals, and other trace elements [19 ]. The measured components of the exposure mixture in the present experiment are shown in Additional file 2: Table S1.
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Publication 2016
1,3-butadiene Aldehydes Benzene Carbon Carbon dioxide Complex Mixtures Compounds, Nitrogen Conception Hydrocarbons Inhalation Metals Monoxide, Carbon New Zealand Rabbits Nitrates Nitrogen Noble Gases Nose Organic Chemicals Oxygen Plexiglas Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Pregnancy Strains Sulfates, Inorganic Sulfur Compounds Trace Elements Water Vapor Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Compounds, Nitrogen»

To reveal the association between RKN parasitism and the variation in endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, seedlings of tomato cultivar cv Xinzhongshu No.4 were planted in Meloidogyne sp.-parasitized soils by supplying different nitrogen sources, in pot experiments carried out from June to August 2020. The soil used was collected from a nursery field with a 3-year nematode parasitism history. In total, 11 different inorganic or organic nitrogen compounds and two biofertilizers were selected for testing (Additional Table S9). Nitrogen sources were separately applied to each plot at 300 mg N/Kg soil after tomato seeding (keeping 5 tomato plants per pot out of 8–10 seeds sowed). The two biofertilizers were fresh chicken manure (fermented) and commercial chicken manure-based biofertilizer. Each nitrogen amendment treatment was performed with three replicates. Pot-planted tomato plants in soil without nematode parasitism history were used as positive control, using tomato plants in soil with nematode parasitism history but no nitrogen supplementation as negative control. At 55 days after seeding, tomato plants were harvested for the evaluation of RKN parasitism, quantifying the attack severity using the number of galls per plant [22 (link), 49 (link)]. Subsequently, root and/or gall samples were separately collected from healthy or nematode-parasitized tomato plants, as described above. Together, 57 samples (45 root, and 12 gall samples) were collected from healthy and nematode-parasitized tomato plants, including healthy control, parasitized control, and plants treated with 13 different nitrogen sources (Additional Table S9). Furthermore, community analysis for the effect of nitrogen supplement on root endophytic microbiota was performed, following the procedure described above.
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Publication 2023
Chickens Compounds, Nitrogen Dietary Supplements Endophytes Lycopersicon esculentum Meloidogyne Microbial Community Nematoda Nitrogen Nitrogen-13 Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Organic Chemicals Plant Embryos Plant Roots Plants Seedlings

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Publication 2023
Alcaligenes Ammonium Anoxia Bacteria Compounds, Nitrogen Geobacter Growth Disorders Hydroxylamine Nitrogen Cycle Nylons Oximetry Succinate Surgery, Day
Following standard operating procedures, venous blood samples were collected. Whole blood was collected in a K3 EDTA vacuum tube and a gel and clot activator tube. A complete blood profile (hemoglobin, RBC and RBC indices, hematocrit, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, and platelets) was performed from blood samples collected in a K3 EDTA tube with a hematology analyzer (Beckman Coulter DxH 520, USA). Similarly, a biochemistry analyzer (Selectra Pro S, ELITech Group, Netherlands) was used to perform biochemical analyses on enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST), bilirubin (total and direct), proteins (total protein and albumin), and nonprotein nitrogenous compounds (urea and creatinine) via a serum sample. Neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte:monocyte ratio (LMR), and AST/ALT ratio were calculated based on data.
A serum sample was used to detect dengue infection. Qualitative dengue detection was based on the principle of the rapid chromatographic immunoassay (Dengue NS1 + IgM/IgG Combo Rapid Test, Healgen®). Patients with positive dengue cases were tested for either NS1 or IgM positivity or both NS1 and IgM positivity. Any result that was negative on any one of these profiles was treated as a dengue-negative case. All results were verified by a medical laboratory technologist and a microbiologist.
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Publication 2023
Albumins Bilirubin BLOOD Blood Platelets Chromatography Clotrimazole Compounds, Nitrogen Creatinine Dengue Fever Edetic Acid Enzymes Hemoglobin Immunoassay Infection Leukocyte Count Leukocyte Counts, Differential Lymphocyte Medical Technologist Monocytes Neutrophil Patients Proteins Serum Urea Vacuum Veins Volumes, Packed Erythrocyte
The ammonium concentration was estimated by Nessler’s assay carried out in a total volume of 25 mL using 200 μL of each culture and 0.5 mL of Nessler’s reagent. Ammonium rates were measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 410 nm.
Nitrites and nitrate concentrations were determined by using a Dionex ICS-1100 (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) ion chromatography system equipped with a DRS 600 suppressor and a conductivity detector. Anions were separated by a Dionex IonPac AS23 column and a Dionex IonPac AG23 guard column with a flow rate of 1 mL/min of a 0.45 M Na2CO3/0.08 M NaHCO3 eluent. The determinations were conducted according to the APAT CNR IRSA 4020 Man. 29/2003 method, published by the Italian Environmental Protection Agency. The analytical procedure was conducted under UNI CEI EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018 standards; therefore, extensive method validation and the expanded uncertainty were available. Detection limits for nitrites (as NO2) were 0.09 mg/L and 3.4 mg/L for nitrates (as NO3).
Total nitrogen was determined by using the small-scale sealed-tube kit (LCK 138, Hach company, Loveland, CO, U.S.A.). Nitrogen compounds present in the samples were oxidized to nitrate according to the method EN ISO 11905-1:1998 which uses peroxodisulfate and a high temperature (120 °C for 30 min) for the digestion. Next, a solution of 2,6-Dimethylphenol was added to the sample, which reacts with the nitrates to form 2,6-Dimethyl-4-nitrophenol. The formed nitrophenol was then determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 345 nm.
COD was determined by using the sealed-tube test method (ISO 15705:2002), while the BOD was determined by using a small-scale sealed-tube kit (LCK 555, Hach company, Loveland, CO, USA).
Chlorides were determined by titration with silver nitrate (APAT CNR IRSA 4090 Man 29:2003) and metals were determined after microwave-assisted aqua regia digestion (UNI EN ISO 15587-1:2002) with an ICP-MS (UNI EN ISO 17294-2:2016).
All the analytical procedures described were performed at the Eco Control Laboratorio Ascolano s.r.l. (Italy), (Certification UNI CEI EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018).
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Publication 2023
A-A-1 antibiotic Ammonium Anions aqua regia Bicarbonate, Sodium Biological Assay Chlorides Chromatography Compounds, Nitrogen Digestion Electric Conductivity Fever Metals Microwaves Nitrates Nitrites Nitrogen Nitrophenols Silver Nitrate Titrimetry
Total protein (nitrogenous compounds content) was determined by the conventional micro-Kjeldahl method [57 ]. A sample of 0.3 g powder of Moringa leaves was weighed into a digestion flask. Ten mL sulfuric acid and 0.5 g digestion mixture (1:4 K2SO4:CuSO4) were added. The sample was then incinerated, the digested sample was quantitatively transferred into the Markham micro-Kjeldahl with the least amount of ammonia-free distilled water, and then 20 mL of 50% NaOH solution was added. A strong current of steam was then passed and the ammonia was distilled into 10 mL of 2.5% boric acid. The ammonia was then titrated against HCl using a mixed indicator (0.4 methylene blue and 0.1 methyl red) until a faint red endpoint was obtained. After correction for the reagent blanks, the titration figures were converted into percentage protein using the following equation: Total crude protein%=Read×N of HCl×0.014×Conversion Factor×100Sample weight
The conversion factor for Moringa = 5.25.
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Publication 2023
Ammonia Ammonium Hydroxide boric acid Compounds, Nitrogen Digestion Methylene Blue Moringa Pepsin A Powder Proteins Steam sulfuric acid Syncope Titrimetry

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More about "Compounds, Nitrogen"

Nitrogenous compounds, nitrogen-containing molecules, organic nitrogen, N-rich substances, nitrogen-based compounds, nitrogen-bearing organics.
These diverse chemical entities play pivotal roles in biological functions, industrial applications, and scientific research.
Amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, alkaloids, and a wide array of other nitrogen-rich species fall under this umbrella term.
Studying the properties, reactivity, and functions of nitrogen compounds is crucial for advancements in fields like biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and materials science.
Researchers can leverage AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai to streamline their nitrogen compound research workflow and identify the most effective protocols and products, such as UB-10, GC 7890A, Meloxicam, CTO-20A, DR 2800 spectrophotometer, Sodium azide (NaN3), 7890A gas, LCK 342, LCK 303, and No. 54 filter paper.
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