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Hematite

Hematite is a naturally occurring iron oxide mineral with the chemical formula Fe2O3.
It is a common and important ore of iron, and has been used by humans since prehistoric times.
Hematite is typically red or reddish-brown in color, and is the most stable iron oxide under standard conditions.
It has a wide range of applications in industries such as steel production, pigments, and abrasives.
Hematite research is crucial for understanding its geological formation, properties, and potential applications.
PubCompare.ai can enhance hemattie research reproducibility and accuracy through AI-driven protocol optimization, helping researchers locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents using powerful comparison tools.

Most cited protocols related to «Hematite»

Quantifying Arsenic and Iron Speciation in Aquifer Sediments

Cited 6 times

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Publication 2015

Aquifers arsenate Arsenic arsenite Dietary Fiber ferrihydrite Fluorescence Germanium goethite hematite illite mackinawite Magnetite orpiment Radiation Radiation Effects Radiography siderite

Sediment Mineralogy and Elemental Analysis

Cited 4 times

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Publication 2016

Adsorption arsenate arsenite Dietary Fiber ferrihydrite Fluorescence Freezing goethite hematite mackinawite Magnetite Minerals orpiment Oxide, Aluminum Radiotherapy Roentgen Rays Seizures siderite Silicates Spectrum Analysis

Probing Iron Oxidation in Geochemical Samples

Cited 3 times

XAS at the Fe K-edge was used to probe the oxidation state and coordination environment of the Fe in the samples. Spectra with a resolution of 0.8 eV were collected on beamlines 4-1, 4-3, and 11-2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource for the dust samples and a set of mineral standards (7 ). The monochromator used was Si(220) at 90°, and the energy calibration was carried out using an Fe foil at 7112.0 eV (at the first inflection edge, that is, the maximum in the derivative spectrum). All spectra were collected in fluorescence mode using a 13- or 30-element Ge detector. The mineralogy of the samples was determined using LCF (7 ), and PCA was conducted (75 , 76 (link)) primarily to group samples by oxidation state using principal components #1 and #2. To do this, principal components were determined for the sample set and then specific minerals with known compositions were fit with these principal components, after which the fraction of component #2 was regressed versus Fe(II) content to establish a linear relationship between the two (R² = 0.96); this relationship was used for each sample to determine Fe(II) content (fig. S2). Errors were reported as 67% confidence intervals based on the calibration curve. This approach is advantageous because it does not require knowledge of specific mineralogy. In contrast, LCF methods require knowledge of component minerals for accurate quantification of Fe(II), which can be difficult for some samples. However, LCF allows us to further characterize the minerals present, for example, to differentiate between Fe(II) carbonates and Fe(II) silicates or to differentiate Fe(III) in hematite from that of goethite. Pyrite, siderite, goethite, hematite, magnetite, biotite, hornblende, ferrihydrite, and glauconite standards were all used for LCF. Iron(II) content was calculated using LCF based on the oxidation state of Fe in pure minerals. We considered hornblende to contain 50% Fe(II) and 50% Fe(III). The spectra from a subset of the standards are plotted with oxidation state in fig. S3 to show similar trends in edge position and oxidation state to Fig. 2. Errors on these estimates are the errors generated by the SIXPack interface (77 ) propagated.

Shoenfelt E.M., Sun J., Winckler G., Kaplan M.R., Borunda A.L., Farrell K.R., Moreno P.I., Gaiero D.M., Recasens C., Sambrotto R.N, & Bostick B.C. (2017). High particulate iron(II) content in glacially sourced dusts enhances productivity of a model diatom. Science Advances, 3(6), e1700314.

Publication 2017

biotite Carbonates ferrihydrite ferrous disulfide Fluorescence glauconite goethite hematite Iron Magnetite Minerals Radiation siderite Silicates

Generating Combustion Emission Standards

Cited 3 times

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Publication 2011

Cyclonic Storms goethite hematite Humidity Iron Kerosene Magnetite Mainstreaming, Education Minerals Smoke Soot Specimen Collection Sulfate, Ammonium Sulfur Technique, Dilution Teflon

Anaerobic Tailings Sampling and Preparation

Cited 3 times

The IKMHSS tailings samples were collected by excavating a pit to about 1 m, samples were collected and composited across the pit face for discrete depth intervals on the basis of morphological transitions (color, consistency, etc. details in Hayes et al., 2014 (link)). A core extending to 2 m depth was extracted adjacent to the excavated pit to acquire deep tailings and recover the presumed un-oxidized, originally deposited material. Samples were sealed in double bagged low O₂ diffusion bags and transported on dry ice (-78°C). Samples were sub-sectioned under anaerobic atmosphere (H₂:N₂ = 5%:95%) in a vinyl glove box (Coy Laboratory Products, MI) to obtain three representative splits from each depth increment and limit post sampling oxidation.
Splits were analyzed as in Hayes et.al. (2014) (link) for (i) moisture content and particle size; (ii) sieved (<2 mm), lyophilized at -80°C and 130 mbar prior to chemical analysis; (iii) kept field moist, frozen, and in darkness prior to sieving and grinding in preparation for XRD and XAS analysis; or (iv) prepared as thin sections following anaerobic drying at room temperature and vacuum imbedding in metal free epoxy (EPO-TEK 301–2FL; Epoxy Technologies, Inc.). Additional details regarding sample preparation procedures are available in the SM.
Reference materials (for As, Pb, and Zn) were collected from mineral source distributors, whereas others, e.g. Zn and As sorbed jarosite, schwertmannite, and As(III) and As(V) sorbed 6-line ferrihydrite, were synthesized in accordance with published methods and equilibrated with 0.1 mM As, Pb, or Zn for 24 hours centrifuged and washed (Bigham et al., 1990 ; Cornell and Schwertmann, 2003 ; Gao et al., 2013 (link); Regenspurg and Peiffer, 2005 ) (see Table S1 for details). The adsorbed metal(loid) mass (in g kg^-1), calculated on the basis of loss from solution, was 14 (As^III, ferrihydrite), 14 (As^v, ferrihydrite), 9.6 (Pb, hematite) and 3.3 (Zn, ferrihydrite). All reagents used were ACS grade or better. The identities of all references were confirmed by XRD.

Root R.A., Hayes S.M., Hammond C.M., Maier R.M, & Chorover J. (2015). Toxic metal(loid) speciation during weathering of iron sulfide mine tailings under semi-arid climate. Applied geochemistry : journal of the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, 62, 131-149.

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Publication 2015

Atmosphere Darkness Diffusion Dry Ice Epoxy Resins Face ferrihydrite Freezing hematite jarosite Metals Microtomy Minerals Polyvinyl Chloride schwertmannite Vacuum

Most recents protocols related to «Hematite»

Comprehensive Characterization of Hematite Nanoparticles

The size, morphology, and atomic composition of hematite nanoparticles (NPs) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (JSM-7500F, JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) detector. The identification and crystallization of samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Rint 2000, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) measurements using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.541 Å), equipped software (PDXL ver. 2.8) to calculate crystallite size and micro-strain, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) (Spectrum TWO, PerkinElmer U.S. LCC., Shelton, CT, USA). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (Nexsa, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) characterization was carried out to analyze the surface oxygen defects of samples. The thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) (Thermo plus EVO, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was performed to investigate the change condition of precursor to hematite samples.

Sakamoto M., Fujita R., Nishikawa M., Hirazawa H., Ueno Y., Yamamoto M, & Takaoka S. (2024). Hematite (α-Fe2O3) with Oxygen Defects: The Effect of Heating Rate for Photocatalytic Performance. Materials, 17(2), 395.

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Publication 2024

Synthesis of Oxygen-Deficient Hematite

All reagents employed in this study were of analytical grade and employed without further purification. Hematite with Vo was synthesized primarily following Zeng’s method [16 (link)]. Briefly, 2 mmol of FeCl₃·6H₂O (purity >99.0%, NACALAI TESQUE, INC., Kyoto, Japan) and 4 mmol of urea (purity >99.0%, NACALAI TESQUE, INC., Kyoto, Japan) were dissolved in 46 mL of distilled water under constant stirring. Subsequently, 4 mL of acrylic acid (AA) (purity >99.0%, NACALAI TESQUE, INC., Kyoto, Japan) was incorporated into the resulting yellow solution. The solution was then transferred to a 50 mL Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave and heated at 140 °C for 12 h. Following cooling to room temperature, the red gel-like product (encompassing poly acrylic acid (PAA)) was collected via centrifugation, thoroughly washed with distilled water, and dried overnight in an oven at 80 °C. Acrylate monomers undergo a radical polymerization reaction to yield PAA. Other substances undergo a series of chemical transformations to synthesize hematite via β-FeOOH as an intermediate reactions as follows [17 (link)]:

CO(NH₂)₂ + H₂O → 2NH₃ + CO₂,

NH₃ + H₂O → NH₄⁺ + OH⁻

FeCl₃ + 3OH⁻ → Fe(OH)₃ + 3Cl⁻

Fe(OH)₃ → β-FeOOH + H₂O

2β-FeOOH → α-Fe₂O₃ + H₂O

Finally, the as-prepared precursor was calcined in air at 450 °C for 1.5 h with a heating rate ranging from 2 to 16 °C/min in an electric furnace (FO301, Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), which can achieve a maximum heating rate of 16 °C/min as depicted in Scheme 1. This procedure was conducted to induce the carbonization of PAA and to facilitate the removal of oxygen from hematite via the following reaction [18 (link)], thereby generating Vo.

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Publication 2024

Synthesis of Hematite Nanoplatelets

The synthesis method
used for the hematite nanoplatelets (HNPs) is described in previous
work,^{17 (link)} and the same material has been
used in prior reactivity studies.^{7 (link)} Briefly,
iron chloride (4.0 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (40 mL) and water
(2.8 mL). Then, sodium acetate (3.2 g) was added. The mixture was
reacted at 180 °C for 12 h. The synthesis protocols are provided
in detail in Text S1. The morphology of
the resulting HNPs entails 87% of the geometric surface area comprised
of (001) basal surfaces and 13% as (012) as edge surfaces.^{7 (link)}

Huang X., Song D., Zhao Q., Young R.P., Chen Y., Walter E.D., Lahiri N., Taylor S.D., Wang Z., Hofmockel K.S., Rosario-Ortiz F., Lowry G.V, & Rosso K.M. (2024). Photolysis of Dissolved Organic Matter over Hematite Nanoplatelets. Environmental Science & Technology, 58(6), 2798-2807.

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Publication 2024

Facet-Engineered Hematite Nanoparticle Synthesis

Synthesis of facet engineered hematite nanoparticles followed previously published procedures developed in our laboratory (12 (link), 71 (link)); specific approaches are detailed below.

Zhou J., Song D., Mergelsberg S.T., Wang Y., Adhikari N.M., Lahiri N., Zhao Y., Chen P., Wang Z., Zhang X, & Rosso K.M. (2024). Facet-dependent dispersion and aggregation of aqueous hematite nanoparticles. Science Advances, 10(7), eadi7494.

Publication 2024

Hematite Solubility in Reducing Conditions

Solubility tests were executed to quantify the dissolution pace of hematite under diverse circumstances. A spectrum of variables was subjected to test, encompassing reducing agent concentration (upto 10 wt.%), temperature (within the range of 50–125 °C), and treatment duration (extending up to 24 h). In each trial, a mass of 4 g of the weighting material (Hematite powder) was immersed in 100 cm³ of the acid solution, subject to specified conditions and duration. Subsequent to testing, the residual hematite was separated through vacuum-assisted filtration, followed by desiccation. By ascertaining the post-test weight, solubility was computed utilizing Eq. (1). The solubility experimental setup is illustrated in Fig. 14 in the Appendix.

S o l u b i l i t y (w t . %) = \frac{o r i g i n a l h e m a t i t e w e i g h t - r e m a i n i n g h e m a t i t e w e i g h t}{originalhematiteweight} \times 100 %

Siddig O., Elkatatny S, & Alafnan S. (2024). Optimizing hematite filter cake treatment using reducing agents. Scientific Reports, 14, 11857.

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Publication 2024

Top products related to «Hematite»

Fecl3 6h2o by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Spain, India, China, Switzerland, Singapore, United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Italy

FeCl3·6H2O is a chemical compound that consists of ferric chloride (FeCl3) crystalized with six water molecules (6H2O). It is a common inorganic compound used in various laboratory applications.

D8 advance by Bruker

Sourced in Germany, United States, Japan, United Kingdom, China, France, India, Greece, Switzerland, Italy

The D8 Advance is a versatile X-ray diffractometer (XRD) designed for phase identification, quantitative analysis, and structural characterization of a wide range of materials. It features advanced optics and a high-performance detector to provide accurate and reliable results.

Hydrochloric acid (hcl) by Merck Group

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Hydrochloric acid is a commonly used laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. Hydrochloric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas.

Hematite by Merck Group

Sourced in Brazil

Hematite is a lab equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a type of iron oxide mineral used in various scientific applications. Hematite is known for its high purity and consistent quality.

Sodium hydroxide (naoh) by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, India, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Spain, France, Australia, Canada, Poland, Switzerland, Singapore, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Ireland, Sweden, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Macao, Chile, Japan, Hungary, Malaysia, Denmark, Portugal, Indonesia, Netherlands, Czechia, Finland, Austria, Romania, Pakistan, Cameroon, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Norway, Colombia, New Zealand, Lithuania

Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.

Jem 2100f by JEOL

Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, United Kingdom

The JEM-2100F is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) designed and manufactured by JEOL. It is capable of high-resolution imaging and analytical capabilities. The JEM-2100F is used for a variety of research and industrial applications that require advanced electron microscopy techniques.

Sodium nitrate by Merck Group

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Sodium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO3. It is a crystalline solid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and in various industrial applications.

S 4800 by Hitachi

Sourced in Japan, United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Spain, Canada, Czechia

The S-4800 is a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) manufactured by Hitachi. It provides a range of imaging and analytical capabilities for various applications. The S-4800 utilizes a field emission electron gun to generate high-quality, high-resolution images of samples.

Jsm 6400 by JEOL

Sourced in Japan, United States

The JSM-6400 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) manufactured by JEOL. It is designed for high-resolution imaging of a wide range of samples. The SEM utilizes a focused electron beam to scan the surface of a specimen, generating various signals that can be detected and used to create detailed images of the sample's topography and composition.

Toc 500 by Shimadzu

Sourced in Japan

The TOC-500 is a Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyzer designed for the measurement of organic carbon content in water samples. It provides accurate and reliable results for a wide range of applications.

What are the common uses and applications of hematite?

Hematite is a versatile mineral with a wide range of industrial applications. It is primarily used in steel production as a key raw material for iron ore. Hematite is also used in the manufacture of pigments, abrasives, and as a polishing agent. Additionally, it has applications in the construction industry, water treatment, and as a component in certain types of electronics.

How does hematite differ from other iron oxides?

Hematite is the most stable form of iron oxide under standard conditions. It is distinct from other iron oxides like magnetite (Fe3O4) and goethite (FeO(OH)) in terms of its crystal structure, magnetic properties, and color. Hematite is typically red or reddish-brown, while magnetite is black and goethite is yellow-brown. These variations in physical characteristics contribute to their different industrial uses and applications.

What are the geological factors that influence the formation of hematite deposits?

Hematite deposits are formed through various geological processes, such as the weathering and oxidation of iron-rich rocks, hydrothermal activity, and sedimentary processes. The specific conditions, including temperature, pressure, and the availability of iron and oxygen, play a crucial role in the formation and distribution of hematite deposits around the world. Understanding these geological factors is essential for locating and extracting hematite resources efficiently.

How can PubCompare.ai assist in hematite research?

PubCompare.ai is a powerful tool that can enhance hematite research reproducibility and accuracy. The platform's AI-driven protocol optimization allows researchers to screen protocol literature more efficiently and leverage artificial intelligence to pinpoint critical insights. PubCompare.ai can help researchers identify the most effective protocols related to hematite for their specific research goals, highlighting key differences in protocol effectiveness and enabling them to choose the best option for reproducibility and accuracy.

What are some common challenges in using hematite for different applications?

One of the main challenges in using hematite is its relatively low iron content compared to other iron ores. This can impact the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of iron extraction processes. Another challenge is the presence of impurities, such as silica and alumina, which can affect the quality and performance of hematite-based products. Researchers and indusry professionals must carefully optimize processing techniques to overcome these challenges and maximize the utility of hematite in various applications.

More about "Hematite"

Hematite, also known as ferric oxide (Fe2O3), is a naturally occurring iron-based mineral that has been widely used by humans for centuries.
This reddish-brown or red-colored oxide is the most stable form of iron under standard conditions, making it a valuable resource for various industrial applications.
Geological Formation and Properties Hematite is formed through the oxidation of iron-rich minerals, typically in sedimentary or metamorphic environments.
Its distinctive color is a result of the iron atoms' arrangement and the way they interact with light.
Hematite is known for its hardness, high density, and magnetic properties, which have contributed to its diverse uses.
Industrial Applications As a major source of iron, hematite is a crucial raw material for steel production.
It is also utilized in the manufacturing of pigments, abrasives, and various other products.
Hematite's ability to impart a reddish hue has made it a popular choice for coloring paints, ceramics, and cosmetics.
Research and Development Ongoing hematite research focuses on understanding its geological formation, extracting and purifying the mineral, and exploring novel applications.
Techniques like X-ray diffraction (using instruments like the D8 Advance) and scanning electron microscopy (using tools like the JEM-2100F and S-4800) are employed to analyze the mineral's structure and composition.
Optimization and Reproducibility To enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of hematite research, AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai can assist researchers in locating the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
This AI-powered tool can help streamline the research process, ensuring that researchers have access to the most relevant and reliable information.
Complementary Compounds In hematite research, other materials like ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) may be utilized for various purposes, such as synthesis, purification, and analysis.
The integration of these complementary compounds can further improve the understanding and development of hematite-based applications.
Overall, hematite's unique properties, diverse applications, and the ongoing research efforts highlight its importance in various industries and the potential for continued innovation in this field.