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Indium tin oxide

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a transparent conductive oxide material widely used in various optoelectronic devices, such as display panels, solar cells, and touch screens.
It is composed of indium oxide (In2O3) and tin oxide (SnO2), typically in a 90:10 ratio.
ITO exhibits high electrical conductivity and optical transparency, making it an essential component in many modern technologies.
PubCompare.ai can help researchers identify the most reproducible and accurate protocols for optimizing ITO research, from published literature, preprints, and patents.
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Most cited protocols related to «Indium tin oxide»

1
Lipid Metabolic Signatures in Rat Brains after Chronic Alcohol and Carcinogen Exposure
Cited 10 times
We conducted an 8-week study of Long Evans rats that included 4 treatment groups: 1) control; 2) NNK (2 mg/kg, i.p. on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays from weeks 3 through 8); 3) ethanol (chronic-26% caloric for 8 weeks + binge- 2g/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.), Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays in weeks 7 and 8); and 4) ethanol+NNK. Control and NNK-treated rats were pair-fed isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% ethanol throughout the 8 weeks of study. Rats not receiving NNK or ethanol on the designated days were administered saline by i.p. injection (see Supplementary (S) Figure 1). Each of the 4 experimental groups had 8 rats. Basal (7 AM) and binge blood alcohol concentrations were measured (STable 1). NNK exposure was verified by detecting O6-Methylguanine adducts in liver (Zabala et al., 2015 (link)). These experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital, and the protocols conformed to guidelines established by the National Institutes of Health.
Fresh postmortem brains were sectioned to obtain 3 mm-thick coronal slices including the infundibulum, temporal lobes, and corpus callosum. Cryostat sections (10 µm thick) of frozen tissue blocks were thaw-mounted onto indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slides, vacuum dried, washed with ammonium formate buffer to remove salts and enhance sensitivity for lipid analysis (Angel et al., 2012 (link)), and sublimed with 2,5-dehydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) as matrix (Hankin et al., 2007 (link)). Imaging was performed using a reflectron geometry MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometer (Ultraflextreme, Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) (Yalcin and de la Monte, 2015 ) and visualized with FlexImaging software v4.0. Data collected in the negative ion mode were processed using FlexAnalysis v3.4. Statistical analyses were performed using ClinProTools v3.0. Adjacent sections stained with Luxol fast blue-Hematoxylin and Eosin (LHE) were used to co-register MALDI-TOF results. Phospholipid and sphingolipids were identified from their mass to charge (m/z) product ion ratios in MS/MS spectra and LIPID MAPS tools (http://www.lipidmaps.org/tools/index.html).
Yalcin E.B., Nunez K., Tong M, & de la Monte S.M. (2015). Differential Sphingolipid and Phospholipid Profiles in Alcohol and Nicotine-Derived Nitrosamine Ketone (NNK) Associated White Matter Degeneration. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 39(12), 2324-2333.
Publication 2015
2
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Cited 9 times
Cryosections of the tissues were cut in a cryo-microtome (Leica CM1900-UV) at a thickness of 10 μm and transferred onto conductive indium-tin-oxide-coated glass slides (Bruker Daltonik, Bremen, Germany). The sections were vacuum-dried in a desiccator for approximately 15 min then washed two times in 70% ethanol and once in 96% ethanol for 1 min each. The sections were then dried and stored under vacuum until the matrix was applied.
The sections were coated with matrix using an ImagePrep (Bruker Daltonik) according to the manufacturer's standard protocols. The brain and testis samples were coated with α-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (Bruker Daltonik), while the pancreas sample was coated with sinapinic acid (Bruker Daltonik).
All mass spectra were acquired in linear mode on autoflex or ultraflex instruments equipped with smartbeam (pancreas) or smartbeam II lasers (all other samples; Bruker Daltonik). For each pixel, 200 laser shots were accumulated at constant laser energy.
Deininger S.O., Cornett D.S., Paape R., Becker M., Pineau C., Rauser S., Walch A, & Wolski E. (2011). Normalization in MALDI-TOF imaging datasets of proteins: practical considerations. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 401(1), 167-181.
Publication 2011
Brain cinnamic acid Cryoultramicrotomy Electric Conductivity Ethanol indium tin oxide Mass Spectrometry Microtomy Pancreas sinapinic acid Testis Tissues Vacuum
3
MALDI-TOF Imaging of Rat Brain and NET
Cited 8 times
Samples preparation and IMS measurements of both the rat brain and NET datasets are described in detail in Alexandrov et al. (2010 (link)). Shortly, the cryosections of 10 μm thickness were cut on a cryostat, transferred to a conductive indium-tin-oxide-coated glass slide (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany) and measured using a MALDI-TOF instrument (Autoflex III; Bruker Daltonik GmbH) using flexControl 3.0 and flexImaging 2.1 software (Bruker Daltonik GmbH). The lateral resolution was set to 80 μm. For the NET data, the Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained sections, coregistered with the MALDI-imaging results, were evaluated histologically by an experienced pathologist using a virtual slide scanner (MIRAX desk, Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH, Munich, Germany).
The pre-processing was done in the ClinProTools 2.2 software (Bruker Daltonik). The spectra were baseline-corrected with the TopHat algorithm (minimal baseline width set to 10%, the default value in ClinProTools). No normalization or binning was done. Then spectra were saved into ASCII files and loaded in Matlab R2010b (The Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA), where the processing was performed using our original implementation of all methods, including FastMap. The rat brain dataset comprises 20 185 spectra acquired within the slice area (120×201 pixels), each of 3045 data points covering the mass range 2.5–10 kDa; the NET dataset comprises 27 360 spectra (171×239 pixels) each of 5027 data points covering 3.2–18 kDa. For examples of intensity images for masses 4966 Da and 6717 Da for the rat brain dataset, see Figure 1; more examples are in (Alexandrov et al., 2010 (link)).
Alexandrov T, & Kobarg J.H. (2011). Efficient spatial segmentation of large imaging mass spectrometry datasets with spatially aware clustering. Bioinformatics, 27(13), i230-i238.
Publication 2011
Brain Cryoultramicrotomy Electric Conductivity Eosin indium tin oxide Pathologists Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
4
Liposome Preparation and Characterization for Membrane Assays
Cited 8 times

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Publication 2009
1-O-(N-dansyl-11-amino-1-undecyl)-2-O-decanoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)aminohexanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Bears Biological Assay Brain Buffers Electricity Electron Microscopy HEPES Hydrodynamics indium tin oxide Lipids Liposomes Microscopy polycarbonate Proteins PS 15 Rhodamine Saline Solution Sinusoidal Beds Sodium Chloride Sucrose Vacuum Vesicle SNARE Proteins
5
Estimating Workplace Exposure to Indium Compounds
Cited 6 times
The eight compounds used in this study were collected at a U.S. ITO production facility from containers of feedstock materials or production processes (NIOSH, 2012 ). Previous evaluations showed that workers in the various departments at the ITO facility are exposed to mean respirable dust concentrations in the range of approximately 0.024–0.429L mg/m3, based on personal air sampling monitors (NIOSH, 2012 , 2013 ). Taking into account these airborne particle concentrations of 0.1 mg/m3 at breathing rate for an 8-h workday, deposition fraction (from an International Commission on Radiological Protection [ICRP] model for conducting airways based on particle sizes), and estimated human lung burden (based on cell culture treatments used in our studies), it was possible to estimate how many years of workplace exposure our doses represent. For cellular exposure experiments, particles were suspended in sterile filtered 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at various stock concentrations (1 mg/ml–10 mg/ml), vortexed, and diluted into cell culture media at final concentrations of 50 μg/ml or 1 mg/ml. The human lung burden was determined based on the 50-μg/ml dose being approximately 15 μg/cm2 (accounting for well volumes and surface areas) and the estimated surface area of the human airways being approximately 2300 cm2 (Mercer et al., 1994 (link)).
Therefore:
To determine how many years it would take to reach this amount, the following calculation was performed:
Therefore, the lower dose of 50 μg/ml represents approximately 3 yr of average workplace exposure. Using these same calculations, it was estimated the high dose of 1 mg/ml represents more of a career-long exposure (i.e., approximately 30–65 yr depending on department). Indium compound stocks were prepared fresh for experiments. Equal volumes of 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as control conditions for each experiment, and 1 mM potassium dichromate (Cr(VI)) was used as a positive control for experiments in which intracellular ROS were measured (Ye et al., 1999 (link)). Crystalline silica (Min-U-Sil 5 μm) was used as a control particle in the MTT and caspase activation assays as silica was shown to be cytotoxic in vitro (Allison et al., 1966 (link); Pfau et al., 2012 (link); Castranova, 2004 (link); Lison et al., 2009 (link)).
Badding M.A., Stefaniak A.B., Fix N.R., Cummings K.J, & Leonard S.S. (2014). Cytotoxicity and Characterization of Particles Collected From an Indium–Tin Oxide Production Facility. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a, 77(20), 1193-1209.
Publication 2014

Most recents protocols related to «Indium tin oxide»

1
Fabrication of Liquid Crystal Grating
In order to fabricate the color liquid crystal grating, firstly, a planar indium tin oxide electrode is deposited on the inner surface of the bottom substrate, and the planar indium tin oxide electrode of the bottom substrate is etched into three different periodic strip indium tin oxide electrodes. Secondly, the polyimide layer is coated on the inner surface of the bottom substrate and rubbed in the direction which is perpendicular to the periodic strip indium tin oxide electrodes. Thirdly, a top glass substrate without indium tin oxide electrode is coated with polyimide layer and rubbed in the same direction as the rubbing direction of the bottom substrate. Fourthly, the top glass substrate and the bottom substrate are encapsulated into a cell. Finally, the liquid crystal material is poured into the cell, and then the liquid crystal director distribution is homogeneously aligned perpendicular to the periodic strip indium tin oxide electrodes direction.
Wang D., Li Y.L., Chu F., Li N.N., Li Z.S., Lee S.D., Nie Z.Q., Liu C, & Wang Q.H. (2024). Color liquid crystal grating based color holographic 3D display system with large viewing angle. Light, Science & Applications, 13, 16.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2024
2
Perovskite Solar Cell Material Preparation
Lead iodide (PbI2, TCI, 99.99%), lead bromide (PbBr2, TCI), formamidinium iodide (FAI, GreatCell Solar), formamidinium bromide (FAI, GreatCell Solar), methylammonium chloride (MACl, Dyenamo), cesium iodide (CsI, Alfa Aesar), cesium bromide (CsBr, Alfa Aesar), [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphonic acid (2PACz, TCI), fullerene (C60, Sigma Aldrich, 99.5%), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP, Lumescence Technology), lithium fluoride (LiF, Luminescence Technology), magnesium fluoride (MgF2, Sigma Aldrich), dimethylformamide (DMF, Sigma Aldrich, anhydrous, 99.8%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma Aldrich, anhydrous, ≥99.9%), ethyl ethanoate (EA, Sigma Aldrich, anhydrous, 99.8%), ethanol (VWR Chemicals, absolute, 99.8%), tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin(iv) (TDMASn, 99.99%-Sn, Strem Chemicals), indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO), hydrogen-doped indium oxide (IOH) (using InO/ZnO target, Kurt J. Lesker Company, 90/10 wt%, 99.99%), nickel oxide (NiOx) (using NiOx target, Kurt J. Lesker Company, 99.995%).
Hu H., An S.X., Li Y., Orooji S., Singh R., Schackmar F., Laufer F., Jin Q., Feeney T., Diercks A., Gota F., Moghadamzadeh S., Pan T., Rienäcker M., Peibst R., Nejand B.A, & Paetzold U.W. (2024). Triple-junction perovskite–perovskite–silicon solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 24.4%. Energy & Environmental Science, 17(8), 2800-2814.
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Publication 2024
3
Fabrication of ITO Thin Films by PVD
In this study, we used PVD (MiniLab ST060M R&D Magnetron Sputtering and Thermal Evaporation System, Moorfield Nanotechnology Limited. Cheshire, United Kingdom.) with load lock in the Environment and Sustainability Institute (ESI) solar lab to create films with different thicknesses using radio frequency sputtering. The ITO target was bought from Kurt J. Lesker, Sussex, United Kingdom, and had an indium to tin oxide ratio of 90/10 wt% In2O3/SnO2. The argon gas that was pumped to the chamber was of 99.99% purity and the silica low-iron glass substrates with a 4 mm thickness and 2 × 2 cm dimensions were obtained from Cornwall Glass Manufacturing, Plymouth, United Kingdom. The PVD was only run on the radio frequency magnetron sputtering system. The substrates were cleaned with acetone for 30 min, IPA for 30 min, and then deionized water for 30 min, all in an ultrasonic bath, and then dried in ambient air. The evacuation pressure of the chamber was less than 4 × 10−3 mbar. The ITO layers were manufactured in the radio frequency magnetron sputtering system chamber with a pressure set point of 5 × 10−3 mbar. The ITO sputtering during deposition was performed with an RF power of 70 W. The rotation speed for the substrate holder base was 20 a.u. and the Ar flow was 20 sccm. There was no increase in temperature on the base while growing the ITO films. Films with different thicknesses were grown: 50 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm, and 300 nm. As soon as the samples were manufactured, the samples were annealed at 500 °C for 2 h, with the temperature increasing at a rate of 5 °C per minute, in a tube furnace with a nitrogen gas flow (30 L/min) and they were left inside the furnace to cool to room temperature for another 2 h. Figure 1 illustrates the fabrication process with the different parameters used to grow the samples.
Alabdan H.I., Alsahli F.M., Bhandari S, & Mallick T. (2024). Monolithic Use of Inert Gas for Highly Transparent and Conductive Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films. Nanomaterials, 14(7), 565.
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Publication 2024
4
MALDI Imaging of Lipid Molecules in Mouse Brain
The CC or hippocampus of mice was embedded in an M1 medium and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Serial sectioning of frozen tissues with 10 μm thickness was collected by cryostat microtome (Leica Microsystems) and thaw-mounted onto indium tin oxide-coated glass slides. Then, 1 mg/mL O-P, N-C/G matrix was employed to spray the above tissue slices in indium tin oxide with a 0.2 mm nozzle airbrush (NEW-LP, China) and completely dried in a vacuum drier for MALDI imaging analysis. All MALDI-TOF MSI data in the positive-ion mode were obtained with an Ultraflextreme mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, America). The MS calibration was performed with the CHCA matrix, and the m/z range was changed between 500 to 1000. To acquire the higher levels of ionization, the spatial resolution of MALDI MSI was set as 50 μm, and the laser intensity was 70%. The ion images based on lipid molecules were visualized and screened by using SCiLS Lab 2020a software. The structural identification of lipids was conducted by using MetaboScape software (Bruker Daltonica, version 2022b).
Cui W., Yang J., Tu C., Zhang Z., Zhao H., Qiao Y., Li Y., Yang W., Lim K.L., Ma Q., Zhang C, & Lu L. (2024). Seipin deficiency-induced lipid dysregulation leads to hypomyelination-associated cognitive deficits via compromising oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation. Cell Death & Disease, 15(5), 350.
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Publication 2024
5
Carbazole-based Self-Assembling Monolayers
Six self-assembling monolayer materials were studied. The chosen materials are based on a carbazole core with an attached phosphonic acid anchoring group (see Figure 4) that binds to indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, carbon, and methoxy as terminal groups. The synthesis procedure of these SAMs has been published previously [24 (link),25 (link),28 (link)].
Grzibovskis R., Aizstrauts A., Pidluzhna A., Marcinskas M., Magomedov A., Karazhanov S., Malinauskas T., Getautis V, & Vembris A. (2024). Energy-Level Interpretation of Carbazole Derivatives in Self-Assembling Monolayer. Molecules, 29(9), 1910.
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Publication 2024

Top products related to «Indium tin oxide»

1
Cm1950 by Leica
Sourced in Germany, United States, Japan, China, United Kingdom, Australia, Switzerland, France, Netherlands, Spain, Ireland
The Leica CM1950 is a cryostat designed for sectioning frozen tissue samples. It features a temperature range of -10°C to -35°C and a specimen size of up to 55 x 55 mm. The instrument is equipped with a motorized specimen feed and a high-performance cooling system.
2
Indium tin oxide coated glass slide by Bruker
Sourced in Germany, United States
Indium tin oxide-coated glass slides are a type of laboratory equipment used for various scientific applications. They consist of a glass substrate coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide, a transparent conductive material. The primary function of these slides is to provide a conductive surface for the study and analysis of samples in various fields of research and testing.
3
Ito coated glass slide by Bruker
Sourced in Germany, United States
ITO-coated glass slides are a type of laboratory equipment used as a substrate for various applications. The core function of these slides is to provide a transparent and conductive surface made of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on a glass substrate. This allows for the study and analysis of materials deposited or mounted on the ITO surface.
4
Acetonitrile by Merck Group
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Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid. It is a commonly used solvent in various analytical and chemical applications, including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and other laboratory procedures. Acetonitrile is known for its high polarity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
5
Cm3050 by Leica
Sourced in Germany, United States, Japan, France, United Kingdom, Canada, Switzerland, Austria, Israel
The Leica CM3050S is a cryostat designed for sectioning frozen tissue samples. It features a cooling system that maintains a precise temperature range and enables the creation of high-quality tissue sections. The instrument is engineered to provide consistent and reliable performance for various applications in histology and pathology laboratories.
6
Ethanol by Merck Group
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Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.
7
Sprayer by HTX Technologies
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The TM-Sprayer is a laboratory equipment designed for controlled application of liquids. It features adjustable spray patterns and volume output to accommodate various experimental requirements. The device operates on a pressurized air supply to deliver precise and consistent liquid dispersal.
8
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
9
Chlorobenzene by Merck Group
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Chlorobenzene is a colorless, volatile liquid used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of other organic compounds.
10
N n dimethylformamide (dmf) by Merck Group
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N,N-dimethylformamide is a clear, colorless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2NC(O)H. It is a common laboratory solvent used in various chemical reactions and processes.

More about "Indium tin oxide"

Indium oxide, Tin oxide, Transparent conductive oxide, Optoelectronic devices, Display panels, Solar cells, Touch screens, Electrical conductivity, Optical transparency, Reproducible protocols, Accurate protocols, Published literature, Preprints, Patents, AI-powered comparisons, Indium tin oxide-coated glass slides, Acetonitrile, CM3050S, Ethanol, TM-Sprayer, DMSO, Chlorobenzene, N,N-dimethylformamide