Per sample, two separate PCR reactions were performed in order to test two bacterial primer pairs for 16S rDNA amplification. Primer pairs were: (i): S-D-Bact-0341-b-S-17, 5′-CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG-3′ (32 (link)), and S-D-Bact-0785-a-A-21, 5′-GACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC-3 (32 (link)); and (ii): S-D-Bact-0008-a-S-16, 5′-AGAGTTTGATCMTGGC-3′ (33 (link)), and S-D-Bact-0907-a-A-20, 5′-CCGTCAATTCMTTTGAGTTT-3′ (34 ). The reaction was carried out in 50 µl volumes containing 0.3 mg/ml BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin), 250 µM dTNPs, 0.5 µM of each primer, 0.02 U Phusion High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (Finnzymes OY, Espoo, Finland) and 5x Phusion HF Buffer containing 1.5 mM MgCl2. The following PCR conditions were used: initial denaturation at 95°C for 5 min, followed by 25 cycles consisting of denaturation (95°C for 40 s), annealing (2 min) and extension (72°C for 1 min) and a final extension step at 72°C for 7 min. Annealing temperature for primer pair (i) was set at 55°C and for (ii) at 44°C. PCR products were purified with a QiaQuick PCR purification kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). The quantity and quality of the extracted DNA were analysed by spectrophotometry using an ND-1000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, Wilmington, DE) and by agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR products were stored at −20°C for sequencing.
>
Chemicals & Drugs
>
Inorganic Chemical
>
Magnesium Chloride
Magnesium Chloride
Magnesium Chloride: An essential mineral compound with diverse applications in medical and industrial settings.
Crucial for maintaining healthy bone, nerve, and muscle function, magnesium chloride is widely used in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations.
This inorganic salt also finds utility in water treatment, fertilizers, and as a deicinig agent.
Reaserchers can explore the latest protocols, products, and procedures related to magnesium chloride using the power of PubCompare.ai - an AI-driven platform that enhances reproducibility and accuracy in your studies.
Crucial for maintaining healthy bone, nerve, and muscle function, magnesium chloride is widely used in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations.
This inorganic salt also finds utility in water treatment, fertilizers, and as a deicinig agent.
Reaserchers can explore the latest protocols, products, and procedures related to magnesium chloride using the power of PubCompare.ai - an AI-driven platform that enhances reproducibility and accuracy in your studies.
Most cited protocols related to «Magnesium Chloride»
Bacteria
Buffers
DNA, Ribosomal
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
Magnesium Chloride
Oligonucleotide Primers
Serum Albumin, Bovine
Spectrophotometry
Leaves (width: 2 cm, length: 5 cm in optimal light condition; width: 0.5 cm; length: 2.5 cm in low light conditions) were collected from 3 to 5-week-old plants grown under optimal light (ca. 150 μE·m-2·s-1) or low light (ca. 50·μE m-2·s-1) conditions. Arabidopsis protoplasts were isolated in two ways. First, to recreate the current technique, protoplasts were made according to the procedure of Yoo et al. [4 (link)]. Second, in a new technique, selected leaves were used in a 'Tape-Arabidopsis Sandwich' experiment. The upper epidermal surface was stabilized by affixing a strip of Time tape (Time Med, Burr Ridge, IL) while the lower epidermal surface was affixed to a strip of Magic tape (3 M, St. Paul, MN). The Magic tape was then carefully pulled away from the Time tape, peeling away the lower epidermal surface cell layer. The peeled leaves (7 to 10 optimal-light-growth leaves, about 1-2 g, up to 5 g), still adhering to the Time tape, were transferred to a Petri dish containing 10 mL of enzyme solution [1% cellulase 'Onozuka' R10 (Yakult, Tokyo, Japan), 0.25% macerozyme 'Onozuka' R10 (Yakult), 0.4 M mannitol, 10 mM CaCl2, 20 mM KCl, 0.1% BSA and 20 mM MES, pH 5.7]. The leaves were gently shaken (40 rpm on a platform shaker) in light for 20 to 60 min until the protoplasts were released into the solution. The protoplasts were centrifuged at 100 × g for 3 min in an Eppendorff A-4-44 rotor (Hamburg, Germany), washed twice with 25 mL of pre-chilled modified W5 solution (154 mM NaCl, 125 mM CaCl2, 5 mM KCl, 5 mM glucose, and 2 mM MES, pH 5.7) and incubated on ice for 30 min. During the incubation period, protoplasts were counted using a hemocytometer under a light microscope. The protoplasts were then centrifuged and resuspended in modified MMg solution (0.4 M mannitol, 15 mM MgCl2, and 4 mM MES, pH 5.7) to a final concentration of 2 to 5 × 105 cells/mL.
Full text: Click here
Arabidopsis
Cells
Cellulase
Enzymes
Epidermal Cells
Epidermis
Glucose
Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal
Light
Light Microscopy
Magnesium Chloride
Mannitol
Plants
Protoplasts
Sodium Chloride
Data were obtained using conventional whole cell patch-clamp techniques.
Micropipette fabrication and data acquisition were as described previously for
undiseased donor heart[85] (link). Axopatch 200 amplifiers, Digidata 1200 converters,
and pClamp software were used (Axon Instruments/Molecular Devices). Experiments
were performed at 37°C.
The standard bath solution contained, in mM: NaCl 144,
NaH2PO4 0.33, KCl 4.0, CaCl2 1.8,
MgCl2 0.53, Glucose 5.5, and HEPES 5.0 at pH of 7.4, and pipette
solutions contained K-aspartate 100, KCl 25, K2ATP 5,
MgCl2 1, EGTA 10 and HEPES 5. The pH was adjusted to 7.2 by KOH
(+15−20 mM K+).
For L-type Ca2+ current measurement, the bath solution contained
in mM: tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA-Cl) 157, MgCl2 0.5, HEPES 10,
and 1 mM CaCl2, or BaCl2, or SrCl2 (pH 7.4 with
CsOH). The pipette solution contained (in mM) CsCl 125, TEA-Cl 20, MgATP 5,
creatine phosphate 3.6, EGTA 10, and HEPES 10 (pH 7.2 with CsOH).
For Na+/Ca2+ exchange current measurement, the
bath solution contained, (in mM): NaCl 135, CsCl 10, CaCl2 1, MgCl21, BaCl2 0.2, NaH2PO4 0.33, TEACl 10, HEPES 10,
glucose 10 and (in µM) ouabain 20, nisoldipine 1, lidocaine 50, pH 7.4.
The pipette solution contained (in mM): CsOH 140, aspartic acid 75, TEACl 20,
MgATP 5, HEPES 10, NaCl 20, EGTA 20, CaCl2 10 (pH 7.2 with CsOH).
Micropipette fabrication and data acquisition were as described previously for
undiseased donor heart[85] (link). Axopatch 200 amplifiers, Digidata 1200 converters,
and pClamp software were used (Axon Instruments/Molecular Devices). Experiments
were performed at 37°C.
The standard bath solution contained, in mM: NaCl 144,
NaH2PO4 0.33, KCl 4.0, CaCl2 1.8,
MgCl2 0.53, Glucose 5.5, and HEPES 5.0 at pH of 7.4, and pipette
solutions contained K-aspartate 100, KCl 25, K2ATP 5,
MgCl2 1, EGTA 10 and HEPES 5. The pH was adjusted to 7.2 by KOH
(+15−20 mM K+).
For L-type Ca2+ current measurement, the bath solution contained
in mM: tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA-Cl) 157, MgCl2 0.5, HEPES 10,
and 1 mM CaCl2, or BaCl2, or SrCl2 (pH 7.4 with
CsOH). The pipette solution contained (in mM) CsCl 125, TEA-Cl 20, MgATP 5,
creatine phosphate 3.6, EGTA 10, and HEPES 10 (pH 7.2 with CsOH).
For Na+/Ca2+ exchange current measurement, the
bath solution contained, (in mM): NaCl 135, CsCl 10, CaCl2 1, MgCl21, BaCl2 0.2, NaH2PO4 0.33, TEACl 10, HEPES 10,
glucose 10 and (in µM) ouabain 20, nisoldipine 1, lidocaine 50, pH 7.4.
The pipette solution contained (in mM): CsOH 140, aspartic acid 75, TEACl 20,
MgATP 5, HEPES 10, NaCl 20, EGTA 20, CaCl2 10 (pH 7.2 with CsOH).
Full text: Click here
Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Salt
Aspartate
Aspartic Acid
Axon
barium chloride
Bath
Cells
cesium chloride
Egtazic Acid
Glucose
Heart
HEPES
Lidocaine
Magnesium Chloride
Medical Devices
Nisoldipine
Ouabain
Phosphocreatine
Sodium Chloride
Tetraethylammonium Chloride
Tissue Donors
Cells were cultured on glass coverslips (Matsunami) pre-coated with 10 µg/ml fibronectin (Sigma) and fixed with 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde in PBS or BRB80 [80 mM Pipes (pH 6.8), 1 mM MgCl2, and 1 mM EGTA] for 10 min at room temperature. Fixed cells were stained with the respective antibodies, phalloidin conjugated with either Alexa Fluor 488 or rhodamine (Invitrogen), along with DAPI (Sigma) as described previously2 (link), 54 (link). In situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) was performed using Duolink kit (Olink Bioscience) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After completion of the PLA reaction, samples were refixed with 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde and incubated with Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (Life Technologies) to detect the individual proteins. Fluorescence images were obtained using a laser scanning confocal imaging system (LSM700, Carl Zeiss) and processed using the ImageJ software. Number of Golgi fragments was quantified by using the ImageJ particle analysis tool. Colocalization was examined using the ImageJ JACoP plugin64 (link) or Metamorph (Molecular Devices).
Full text: Click here
alexa fluor 488
Antibodies
Biological Assay
Cells
DAPI
Egtazic Acid
Fluorescence
FN1 protein, human
Golgi Apparatus
Ligation
Magnesium Chloride
Medical Devices
paraform
Phalloidine
piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)
Proteins
Rhodamine
Genomic DNA was extracted with various standard procedures, and specimens were identified to species and molecular forms by PCR-RFLP [38 (link),39 (link)]. SINE200 elements were located in silico by BLASTN searches on the genome sequence of the A. gambiae PEST genome using the obtained SINE200 consensus sequence as a query. Thirteen SINE200 insertions lying within the A. gambiae molecular form speciation islands (sensu Turner [11 (link)]) on X, 2L and 2R chromosomes, and characterized by the presence of 500 bp flanking regions showing a single hit in the genome, were selected. Primers were designed to amplify across the element using Primer 3 software [40 (link)]. The selected loci were named 'S200' followed by the abbreviation of the chromosomal arm (2L, 2R, X), by a number/letter corresponding to the chromosomal location on the cytogenetic map [4 (link)] and by an additional number aimed to distinguish primer sets positioned on the same chromosome division. Genes annotated within a 20 Kb genome sequence including SINE200 insertions for each locus were retrieved from the PEST genome ver. Agam P3 Feb. 2006 (Table 2 ).
PCR reactions were carried out in a 25 μl reaction which contained 1 pmol of each primer, 0.2 mM of each dNTP, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 2.5 U Taq polymerase, and 0.5 μl of template DNA extracted from a single mosquito. Thermocycler conditions were 94°C for 10 min followed by thirty-five cycles of 94°C for 30 s, 54°C for 30 s and 72°C for 1 min., with a final elongation at 72°C for 10 min, and a 4°C hold. The resulting products were analysed on 1.5% agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide, with low and high molecular weight bands corresponding to fragments containing or lacking the targeted SINE200, respectively.
PCR products representing 'filled' and 'empty' sites of S200 X6.1 locus on X chromosome were sequenced on both strands using ABI Big Dye Terminator v.2 chemistry and an ABI Prism 3700 DNA Analyser. Multiple alignments were performed using ClustalX [37 (link)]. All sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbersEU881868 –EU881887 .
Indices of polymorphism (i.e. SINE200 insertion frequency and heterozygosity) and differentiation (Fst) at polymorphic loci were computed using Fstat 2.9.3.2 [41 ]. Significance was tested with Bonferroni-adjusted P-values, using the randomization approach implemented in Fstat.
PCR reactions were carried out in a 25 μl reaction which contained 1 pmol of each primer, 0.2 mM of each dNTP, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 2.5 U Taq polymerase, and 0.5 μl of template DNA extracted from a single mosquito. Thermocycler conditions were 94°C for 10 min followed by thirty-five cycles of 94°C for 30 s, 54°C for 30 s and 72°C for 1 min., with a final elongation at 72°C for 10 min, and a 4°C hold. The resulting products were analysed on 1.5% agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide, with low and high molecular weight bands corresponding to fragments containing or lacking the targeted SINE200, respectively.
PCR products representing 'filled' and 'empty' sites of S200 X6.1 locus on X chromosome were sequenced on both strands using ABI Big Dye Terminator v.2 chemistry and an ABI Prism 3700 DNA Analyser. Multiple alignments were performed using ClustalX [37 (link)]. All sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers
Indices of polymorphism (i.e. SINE200 insertion frequency and heterozygosity) and differentiation (Fst) at polymorphic loci were computed using Fstat 2.9.3.2 [41 ]. Significance was tested with Bonferroni-adjusted P-values, using the randomization approach implemented in Fstat.
Full text: Click here
2-(2-(2-chloro-3-(2-(3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-1-(4-sulfo-butyl)-3H-indol-2-yl)-vinyl)-cyclohex-2-enylidene)-ethylidene)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-sulfo-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid
Chromosomes
Chromosome Segregation
Consensus Sequence
Culicidae
Ethidium Bromide
Gels
Genes
Genetic Polymorphism
Genome
Heterozygote
Magnesium Chloride
Neutrophil
Oligonucleotide Primers
Plague
prisma
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
Sepharose
Taq Polymerase
X Chromosome
Most recents protocols related to «Magnesium Chloride»
Example 1
In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).
After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.
After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 25° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 60 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).
Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.
In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).
Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).
To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles. The produced hydrotalcite particles were subjected to an elemental analysis, resulting in that Mg/Al (molar ratio)=2.1.
In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-048712, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.
In 150 g/L of NaOH solution in an amount of 3 L were dissolved 90 g of metal aluminum to give a solution. After 399 g of MgO were added to the solution, 174 g of Na2CO3 were added thereto and they were reacted with each other for 6 hours with stirring at 95° C. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized.
To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 30 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles. After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was cooled, filtered and washed to give solid matters, a drying treatment was performed on the solid matters at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.
Example 2
In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).
After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.
After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 30° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 90 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).
Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.
In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).
Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).
To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.
Solid products of hydrotalcite particles were produced in a same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that reaction conditions of 95° C. and 6 hours for synthesis of the hydrotalcite particles slurry in Comparative Example 1 were changed to hydrothermal reaction conditions of 170° C. and 6 hours.
Example 3
In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).
After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.
After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 60° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 60 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).
Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.
In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).
Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).
To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.
In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2013-103854, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.
Into a 5 L container were added 447.3 g of magnesium hydroxide (d50=4.0 μm) and 299.2 g of aluminum hydroxide (d50=8.0 μm), and water was added thereto to achieve a total amount of 3 L. They were stirred for 10 minutes to prepare slurry. The slurry had physical properties of d50=10 μm and d90=75 μm. Then, the slurry was subjected to wet grinding for 18 minutes (residence time) by using Dinomill MULTILAB (wet grinding apparatus) with controlling a slurry temperature during grinding by using a cooling unit so as not to exceed 40° C. As a result, ground slurry had physical properties of d50=1.0 μm, d90=3.5 μm, and slurry viscosity=5000 cP. Then, sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to 2 L of the ground slurry such that an amount of the sodium hydrogen carbonate was ½ mole with respect to 1 mole of the magnesium hydroxide. Water was added thereto to achieve a total amount of 8 L, and they were stirred for 10 minutes to give slurry. Into an autoclave was put 3 L of the slurry, and a hydrothermal reaction was caused at 170° C. for 2 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized.
To the hydrotalcite particles slum were added 6.8 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles. After solids were filtered by filtration, the filtrated cake was washed with 9 L of ion exchange water at 35° C. The filtrated cake was further washed with 100 mL of ion exchange water, and a conductance of water used for washing was measured. As a result, the conductance of this water was 50 μS/sm (25° C.). The water-washed cake was dried at 100° C. for 24 hours and was ground to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.
Example 5
In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).
After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.
After 192 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 1.6 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 30° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 90 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).
Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.
In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).
Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).
To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.
In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. H06-136179, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.
To 1 L of water were added 39.17 g of sodium hydroxide and 11.16 g of sodium carbonate with stirring, and they were heated to 40° C. Then, to 500 mL of distilled water were added 61.28 g of magnesium chloride (19.7% as MgO), 37.33 g of aluminum chloride (20.5% as Al2O3), and 2.84 g of ammonium chloride (31.5% as NH3) such that a molar ratio of Mg to Al, Mg/Al, was 2.0 and a molar ratio of NH3 to Al, NH3/Al, was 0.35. As a result, an aqueous solution A was prepared. The aqueous solution A was gradually poured into a reaction system of the sodium hydroxide and the sodium carbonate. The reaction system after pouring had pH of 10.2. Moreover, a reaction of the reaction system was caused at 90° C. for about 20 hours with stirring to give hydrotalcite particles slurry.
To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 1.1 g of stearic acid, and a surface treatment was performed on particles with stirring to give a reacted suspension. The reacted suspension was subjected to filtration and water washing, and then the reacted suspension was subjected to drying at 70° C. The dried suspension was ground by a compact sample mill to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.
Full text: Click here
A-A-1 antibiotic
Aluminum
Aluminum Chloride
aluminum oxide hydroxide
Anabolism
Bicarbonate, Sodium
Carbon dioxide
Chloride, Ammonium
Filtration
hydrotalcite
Hydroxide, Aluminum
Ion Exchange
Japanese
Magnesium Chloride
Magnesium Hydroxide
Molar
Oxide, Magnesium
Physical Processes
Powder
Resins, Plant
sodium aluminate
sodium carbonate
Sodium Hydroxide
Stainless Steel
stearic acid
Suby's G solution
Viscosity
Example 8
In selecting genomes for a given bacterial species where a SLAM homolog was identified, preference was given to reference genomes that contained fully sequenced genomes. SLAM homologs were identified using iterative Blast searches into closely related species to Neisseria to more distantly related species. For each of the SLAM homologs identified in these species, the corresponding genomic record (NCBI genome) was used to identify genes upstream and downstream along with their corresponding functional annotations (NCBI protein database, Ensembl bacteria). In a few cases, no genes were predicted upstream or downstream of the SLAM gene as they were too close to the beginning or end of the contig, respectively, and thus these sequences were ignored.
Neighbouring genes were analyzed for 1) an N-terminal lipobox motif (predicted using LipoP, SignalP), and 2) a solute binding protein, Tbp-like (InterPro signature: IPR or IPR011250), or pagP-beta barrel (InterPro signature: IPR011250) fold. If they contained these elements, we identified the adjacent genes as potential SLAM-dependent surface lipoproteins.
A putative SLAM (PM1515, SEQ ID NO: 1087) was identified in Pasteurella multocida using the Neisseria SLAM as a search. The putative SLAM (PM1515, SEQ ID NO: 1087) was adjacent to a newly predicted lipoprotein gene with unknown function (PM1514, SEQ ID NO: 1083) (
The putative SLAM (PM1515, SEQ ID NO: 1087) and its adjacent lipoprotein (PM1514, SEQ ID NO: 1083) were cloned into pET26b and pET52b, respectively, as previously described and transformed into E. coli C43 and grown overnight on LB agar supplemented with kanamycin (50 ug/ml) and ampicillin (100 ug/ml).
Cells were grown in auto-induction media for 18 hours at 37 C and then harvested, washed twice in PBS containing 1 mM MgCl2, and labeled with α-Flag (1:200, Sigma) for 1 hr at 4 C. The cells were then washed twice with PBS containing 1 mM MgCl2 and then labeled with R-PE conjugated α-mouse IgG (25 ug/mL, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 1 hr at 4 C. following straining, cells were fixed in 2% formaldehyde for 20 minutes and further washed with PBS containing 1 mM MgCl2. Flow Cytometry was performed with a Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur and the results were analyzed using FLOWJO software. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was calculated using at least three replicates was used to compare surface exposure the lipoprotein in strains either containing or lacking the putative SLAM (PM1515) and are shown in
Full text: Click here
Agar
Ampicillin
Antibodies
Bacteria
Binding Proteins
Biological Assay
Cells
Escherichia coli
Flow Cytometry
Fluorescence
Formaldehyde
Genes
Genome
Kanamycin
Lipoprotein (a-)
Lipoproteins
Magnesium Chloride
Mus
Neisseria
Neisseria meningitidis
Pasteurella multocida
Proteins
Staphylococcal Protein A
Strains
Example 2
100 mg of the Sarcodon aspratus extracts according to the present invention;
an appropriate amount of a vitamin mixture;
70 μg of vitamin A acetate;
1.0 mg of vitamin E;
0.13 mg of vitamin B1;
0.15 mg of vitamin B2;
0.5 mg of vitamin B6;
0.2 μg of vitamin B12;
10 mg of vitamin C;
10 μg of biotin;
1.7 mg of nicotinic acid amide;
50 μg of folate;
0.5 mg of calcium pantothenate;
an appropriate amount of a mineral mixture;
1.75 mg of ferrous sulfide;
0.82 mg of zinc oxide;
25.3 mg of magnesium carbonate;
15 mg of potassium phosphate monobasic;
55 mg of dicalcium phosphate;
90 mg of potassium citrate;
100 mg of calcium carbonate; and
24.8 mg of magnesium chloride.
The composition ratio of the vitamins and the mineral mixture described above may be determined according to a composition ratio used in general functional health foods, and the combination ratio of the vitamins and the mineral mixture may be arbitrarily determined. According to a conventional method of preparing functional health foods, these components are mixed, granules are prepared, and the granules are used to prepare a composition for a functional health food.
Full text: Click here
Ascorbic Acid
Biotin
Carbonate, Calcium
Cobalamins
Cytoplasmic Granules
dicalcium phosphate
ferrous sulfide
Folate
Functional Food
magnesium carbonate
Magnesium Chloride
magnesium citrate
Minerals
Niacinamide
Pantothenate, Calcium
Potassium
Potassium Citrate
potassium phosphate
retinol acetate
Riboflavin
Sarcodon aspratus
Thiamine
Vitamin A
Vitamin B6
Vitamin E
Vitamins
Zinc Oxide
Example 5
Without a poly-T in the cDNA, a poly-A tailing reaction must be performed before cleaning the final product. This can be done by mixing Capped IVT RNA (100 μl); RNase Inhibitor (20 U); 10×Tailing Buffer (0.5 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 2.5 M NaCl, 100 mM MgCl2)(12.0 μl); 20 mM ATP (6.0 μl); Poly-A Polymerase (20 U); dH2O up to 123.5 μl and incubating at 37° C. for 30 min. If the poly-A tail is already in the transcript, then the tailing reaction can be skipped and proceed directly to cleanup with Ambion's MEGACLEAR™ kit (Austin, TX) (up to 500 μg). Poly-A Polymerase is, in some cases, a recombinant enzyme expressed in yeast.
It should be understood that the processivity or integrity of the polyA tailing reaction does not always result in an exact size polyA tail. Hence polyA tails of approximately between 40-200 nucleotides, e.g., about 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 150-165, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164 or 165 are within the scope of the invention.
Full text: Click here
austin
Buffers
DNA, Complementary
Enzymes
Magnesium Chloride
Nucleotides
Poly(A) Tail
Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase
Poly T
Ribonucleases
RNA Caps
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Sodium Chloride
Tromethamine
Example 3
The in vitro transcription reactions can generate polynucleotides containing uniformly modified polynucleotides. Such uniformly modified polynucleotides can comprise a region or part of the polynucleotides of the invention. The input nucleotide triphosphate (NTP) mix can be made using natural and un-natural NTPs.
A typical in vitro transcription reaction can include the following:
-
- 1 Template cDNA—1.0
- 2 10× transcription buffer (400 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 190 mM MgCl2, 50 mM DTT, mM Spermidine)—2.0
- 3 Custom NTPs (25 mM each)—7.2 μl
- 4 RNase Inhibitor—20 U
- 5 T7 RNA polymerase—3000 U
- 6 dH2O—Up to 20.0 μl. and
- 7 Incubation at 37° C. for 3 hr-5 hrs.
The crude IVT mix can be stored at 4° C. overnight for cleanup the next day. 1 U of RNase-free DNase can then be used to digest the original template. After 15 minutes of incubation at 37° C., the mRNA can be purified using Ambion's MEGACLEAR™ Kit (Austin, TX) following the manufacturer's instructions. This kit can purify up to 500 μg of RNA. Following the cleanup, the RNA can be quantified using the NanoDrop and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to confirm the RNA is the proper size and that no degradation of the RNA has occurred.
Full text: Click here
austin
Buffers
Deoxyribonuclease I
DNA, Complementary
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase
Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
Endoribonucleases
Magnesium Chloride
Nucleotides
Polynucleotides
ribonuclease U
RNA, Messenger
RNA Degradation
Spermidine
Transcription, Genetic
triphosphate
Tromethamine
Top products related to «Magnesium Chloride»
Sourced in United States, Switzerland, Germany, China, United Kingdom, France, Canada, Japan, Italy, Australia, Austria, Sweden, Spain, Cameroon, India, Macao, Belgium, Israel
Protease inhibitor cocktail is a laboratory reagent used to inhibit the activity of proteases, which are enzymes that break down proteins. It is commonly used in protein extraction and purification procedures to prevent protein degradation.
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, Macao, Switzerland, China, Canada, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Japan, Ireland, Australia, Israel, India
MgCl2 is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. MgCl2 is commonly used as a source of magnesium ions in chemical reactions and analyses.
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Sao Tome and Principe, France, Canada, Macao, Switzerland, Spain, Australia, Israel, Hungary, Ireland, Denmark, Brazil, Poland, India, Mexico, Senegal, Netherlands, Singapore
The Protease Inhibitor Cocktail is a laboratory product designed to inhibit the activity of proteases, which are enzymes that can degrade proteins. It is a combination of various chemical compounds that work to prevent the breakdown of proteins in biological samples, allowing for more accurate analysis and preservation of protein integrity.
Sourced in United States, Germany, Lithuania, Canada, United Kingdom, Brazil, China, France, Italy, India, Belgium, Finland, Sweden, Sao Tome and Principe, Morocco, Poland
Taq DNA polymerase is a thermostable enzyme used for DNA amplification in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) applications. It is isolated from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus, and its core function is to catalyze the synthesis of new DNA strands complementary to a template DNA sequence.
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, France, Spain, China, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Poland, Belgium, Australia, Switzerland, Macao, Denmark, Ireland, Brazil, Japan, Hungary, Sweden, Netherlands, Czechia, Portugal, Israel, Singapore, Norway, Cameroon, Malaysia, Greece, Austria, Chile, Indonesia
NaCl is a chemical compound commonly known as sodium chloride. It is a white, crystalline solid that is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceutical and laboratory settings. NaCl's core function is to serve as a basic, inorganic salt that can be used for a variety of applications in the lab environment.
Sourced in United States, France, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom
The Axopatch 200B is a high-performance patch-clamp amplifier designed for electrophysiology research. It is capable of amplifying and filtering electrical signals from single-cell preparations, providing researchers with a tool to study ion channel and membrane properties.
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Japan, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Macao, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, India, Israel, Belgium, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Hungary, Netherlands, Czechia, Brazil, Austria, Singapore, Portugal, Panama, Chile, Senegal, Morocco, Slovenia, New Zealand, Finland, Thailand, Uruguay, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Romania, Greece, Mexico
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a common laboratory reagent derived from bovine blood plasma. It is a protein that serves as a stabilizer and blocking agent in various biochemical and immunological applications. BSA is widely used to maintain the activity and solubility of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules in experimental settings.
Sourced in United States, Germany, Canada, United Kingdom, China, Australia
PClamp 10 software is a data acquisition and analysis platform for electrophysiology research. It provides tools for recording, analyzing, and visualizing electrical signals from cells and tissues.
Sourced in United States, China, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Italy, Australia, Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Belgium, Lithuania, Denmark, Singapore, New Zealand, India, Brazil, Argentina, Sweden, Norway, Austria, Poland, Finland, Israel, Hong Kong, Cameroon, Sao Tome and Principe, Macao, Taiwan, Province of China, Thailand
TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Lithuania, Canada, Netherlands, India, France, Portugal
Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) is an inorganic compound that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. Magnesium chloride is a versatile compound that can be used in various applications, including as a desiccant, a coagulant, and a source of magnesium ions.
More about "Magnesium Chloride"
Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) is an essential mineral compound with diverse applications in medical and industrial settings.
It is crucial for maintaining healthy bone, nerve, and muscle function, and is widely used in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations.
This inorganic salt also finds utility in water treatment, fertilizers, and as a deicinig agent.
Researchers can explore the latest protocols, products, and procedures related to magnesium chloride using the power of PubCompare.ai - an AI-driven platform that enhances reproducibility and accuracy in their studies.
PubCompare.ai helps locate the most reliable protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, while providing accurate comparisons to identify the best products and procedures.
In addition to magnesium chloride, researchers may also be interested in related compounds and techniques, such as protease inhibitor cocktail, Taq DNA polymerase, sodium chloride (NaCl), Axopatch 200B amplifier, bovine serum albumin, and PClamp 10 software.
These tools and materials can be useful in a variety of experimental contexts, including cell biology, molecular biology, and electrophysiology.
The TRIzol reagent, for example, is a common tool used for RNA extraction, which may be relevant for studies involving the effects of magnesium chloride on gene expression or cellular signaling pathways.
By leveraging the power of PubCompare.ai and exploring these related terms and techniques, researchers can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their magnesium chloride studies, leading to more robust and reliable findings.
It is crucial for maintaining healthy bone, nerve, and muscle function, and is widely used in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations.
This inorganic salt also finds utility in water treatment, fertilizers, and as a deicinig agent.
Researchers can explore the latest protocols, products, and procedures related to magnesium chloride using the power of PubCompare.ai - an AI-driven platform that enhances reproducibility and accuracy in their studies.
PubCompare.ai helps locate the most reliable protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, while providing accurate comparisons to identify the best products and procedures.
In addition to magnesium chloride, researchers may also be interested in related compounds and techniques, such as protease inhibitor cocktail, Taq DNA polymerase, sodium chloride (NaCl), Axopatch 200B amplifier, bovine serum albumin, and PClamp 10 software.
These tools and materials can be useful in a variety of experimental contexts, including cell biology, molecular biology, and electrophysiology.
The TRIzol reagent, for example, is a common tool used for RNA extraction, which may be relevant for studies involving the effects of magnesium chloride on gene expression or cellular signaling pathways.
By leveraging the power of PubCompare.ai and exploring these related terms and techniques, researchers can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their magnesium chloride studies, leading to more robust and reliable findings.