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Nickel chloride
Nickel chloride
Nickel chloride is an inorganic compound consisting of nickel and chloride ions.
It is used in a variety of industrial and research applications, including electroplating, battery manufacturing, and as a catalyst in chemical reactions.
Nickel chloride is also an important precursor for the synthesis of other nickel compounds.
Researchers often need to optimize protocols for working with nickel chloride, and PubCompare.ai can help by enabling easy comparison of published methods to identify the most reliable and accurate approaches.
This can enhance research reproducibility and accuracy when studying nickel chloride and its applications.
It is used in a variety of industrial and research applications, including electroplating, battery manufacturing, and as a catalyst in chemical reactions.
Nickel chloride is also an important precursor for the synthesis of other nickel compounds.
Researchers often need to optimize protocols for working with nickel chloride, and PubCompare.ai can help by enabling easy comparison of published methods to identify the most reliable and accurate approaches.
This can enhance research reproducibility and accuracy when studying nickel chloride and its applications.
Most cited protocols related to «Nickel chloride»
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Animals, Laboratory
Buffers
Chromatography
Cloning Vectors
Digestion
Dithiothreitol
Escherichia coli
Galactosides
Gel Chromatography
Nickel
nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, SARS-CoV-2
Plasmids
SARS-CoV-2
Sodium Chloride
Strains
Tromethamine
Ulp1 protease
Ultrafiltration
6–8 week old female Balb/c mice were immunized with a purified
rhodopsin-Gi complex39 (link). Hybridoma cells were prepared using splenocytes of
immunized mice using standard methods in combination with PAI myeloma cells.
Clones that showed a positive reaction to purified
rhodopsin(N2C/D282C/M257Y)/Gi1 complex in an ELISA assay and by
immunoprecipitation were further characterized as monoclonal antibodies or Fab
fragments. Fab-16 was selected from the initial pool of clones because it
prevented dissociation of the rhodopsin (N2C/D282C/M257Y)/Gi1 complex by
GTPγS, and therefore acted as a stabilizing chaperone in the same manner
as Nb35 for Gs. The full sequence of constructs used is listed inSupplemental Figure 1 .
All animal studies were performed at Roche Innovation Center Basel according to
ethical guidelines. All cell lines were obtained from manufacturer and tested
for contamination.
A carboxy-terminal hexahistidine-tagged single chain construct of Fab16
(scFv16) was cloned into a modified pVL1392 vector containing a GP67 secretion
signal immediately prior to the amino terminus of the scFv, expressed in
secreted form from Trichuplusia ni Hi5 insect cells using the
baculoviral method, and purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. Supernatant from
baculoviral infected cells was pH balanced by addition of Tris pH 8.0. Chelating
agents were quenched by addition of 1 mM nickel chloride and 5 mM calcium
chloride and incubation with stirring for 1 hr at 25 °C. Resulting
precipitates were removed by centrifugation and the supernatant was loaded onto
Ni-NTA resin. The column was washed with 20 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 500 mM NaCl, and 10
mM imidazole followed by a low salt wash comprised of the same buffer
substituted with 100 mM NaCl. Following elution with the same buffer
supplemented with 250 mM imidazole, the carboxy-terminal hexahistidine tag was
cleaved by incubation with human rhinovirus 3C protease, and the protein was
dialyzed into a buffer consisting of 20mM Hepes pH 7.5 and 100 mM NaCl. Cleaved
scFv16 was further purified by reloading over Ni-NTA resin. The flow-through was
collected and purified over gel filtration chromatography using a Superdex 200
16/60 column. Monomeric fractions were pooled, concentrated, and flash frozen in
liquid nitrogen until further use.
rhodopsin-Gi complex39 (link). Hybridoma cells were prepared using splenocytes of
immunized mice using standard methods in combination with PAI myeloma cells.
Clones that showed a positive reaction to purified
rhodopsin(N2C/D282C/M257Y)/Gi1 complex in an ELISA assay and by
immunoprecipitation were further characterized as monoclonal antibodies or Fab
fragments. Fab-16 was selected from the initial pool of clones because it
prevented dissociation of the rhodopsin (N2C/D282C/M257Y)/Gi1 complex by
GTPγS, and therefore acted as a stabilizing chaperone in the same manner
as Nb35 for Gs. The full sequence of constructs used is listed in
All animal studies were performed at Roche Innovation Center Basel according to
ethical guidelines. All cell lines were obtained from manufacturer and tested
for contamination.
A carboxy-terminal hexahistidine-tagged single chain construct of Fab16
(scFv16) was cloned into a modified pVL1392 vector containing a GP67 secretion
signal immediately prior to the amino terminus of the scFv, expressed in
secreted form from Trichuplusia ni Hi5 insect cells using the
baculoviral method, and purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. Supernatant from
baculoviral infected cells was pH balanced by addition of Tris pH 8.0. Chelating
agents were quenched by addition of 1 mM nickel chloride and 5 mM calcium
chloride and incubation with stirring for 1 hr at 25 °C. Resulting
precipitates were removed by centrifugation and the supernatant was loaded onto
Ni-NTA resin. The column was washed with 20 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 500 mM NaCl, and 10
mM imidazole followed by a low salt wash comprised of the same buffer
substituted with 100 mM NaCl. Following elution with the same buffer
supplemented with 250 mM imidazole, the carboxy-terminal hexahistidine tag was
cleaved by incubation with human rhinovirus 3C protease, and the protein was
dialyzed into a buffer consisting of 20mM Hepes pH 7.5 and 100 mM NaCl. Cleaved
scFv16 was further purified by reloading over Ni-NTA resin. The flow-through was
collected and purified over gel filtration chromatography using a Superdex 200
16/60 column. Monomeric fractions were pooled, concentrated, and flash frozen in
liquid nitrogen until further use.
3C protease, Rhinovirus
Animals
Biological Assay
Buffers
CD33 protein, human
Cell Lines
Cells
Centrifugation
Chromatography
Cloning Vectors
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Females
Freezing
Gel Chromatography
HEPES
His-His-His-His-His-His
Homo sapiens
Hybridomas
imidazole
Insecta
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Molecular Chaperones
Monoclonal Antibodies
Multiple Myeloma
Mus
nickel chloride
Nitrogen
Resins, Plant
Rhodopsin
Sodium Chloride
Staphylococcal Protein A
Tromethamine
For transmission electron microscopy, freshly isolated exosome suspensions were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 1 hour. Exosome suspensions from different samples (approximately 5 μl) were applied to copper mesh Formvar coated carbon stabilized grids, were allowed to adsorb to the grid for 4–5 minutes and then were wicked off with filter paper. For negative staining of exosomes, 1% Aqueous Uranyl Acetate (5 μl) was applied to the grid for 30 seconds, then wicked off with Whatman filter paper. Grids were allowed to thoroughly dry before viewing.
As for immunoelectron labelling with anti-CD63 and anti-CD9, exosome samples were fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde diluted in 0.1M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4). Fixed exosome preparations (20 μl) were applied to a carbon-Formvar coated 200 mesh nickel grids, and samples were allowed to stand for 30 minutes before wiping off excess using Whatman filter paper. Grids were then floated (sample side down) onto a 20 μl drop of 1M Ammonium Chloride for 30 minutes to quench aldehyde groups from the fixation step, followed by floating on drops of blocking buffer (0.4% BSA in PBS) for 2 hours. Grids were rinsed 3 times (5 minutes each) using 1xPBS and then were allowed to incubate with either blocking buffer only (negative control) or primary antibody (CD63) diluted with blocking buffer (1:100) for 1 hour. Rinsing of the grids using deionized water (3 times for 5 minutes each) and 1xPBS followed the incubation step. Grids were then floated on drops of 1.4 nm anti-rabbit nanogold (Nanoprobes, Inc.) diluted 1:1000 in blocking buffer for 1 hour. Enhancing of grids using HQ Silver (gold enhancement reagent, Nanoprobes, Inc.) was then performed for 1 minute, followed by rinsing in deionized ice-cold water. As a final step, negative staining in 2% aqueous Uranyl Acetate was performed, and samples were wicked dry and then allowed to air dry. TEM examination was performed using JEM 1230 transmission electron microscope (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA) at 110 kV and imaged with an UltraScan 4000 CCD camera & First Light Digital Camera Controller (Gatan Inc., Pleasanton, CA). TEM sample preparation and imaging was performed at the Electron Microscopy and Histology Core Laboratory at Augusta University (www.augusta.edu/mcg/cba/emhisto/ ).
As for immunoelectron labelling with anti-CD63 and anti-CD9, exosome samples were fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde diluted in 0.1M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4). Fixed exosome preparations (20 μl) were applied to a carbon-Formvar coated 200 mesh nickel grids, and samples were allowed to stand for 30 minutes before wiping off excess using Whatman filter paper. Grids were then floated (sample side down) onto a 20 μl drop of 1M Ammonium Chloride for 30 minutes to quench aldehyde groups from the fixation step, followed by floating on drops of blocking buffer (0.4% BSA in PBS) for 2 hours. Grids were rinsed 3 times (5 minutes each) using 1xPBS and then were allowed to incubate with either blocking buffer only (negative control) or primary antibody (CD63) diluted with blocking buffer (1:100) for 1 hour. Rinsing of the grids using deionized water (3 times for 5 minutes each) and 1xPBS followed the incubation step. Grids were then floated on drops of 1.4 nm anti-rabbit nanogold (Nanoprobes, Inc.) diluted 1:1000 in blocking buffer for 1 hour. Enhancing of grids using HQ Silver (gold enhancement reagent, Nanoprobes, Inc.) was then performed for 1 minute, followed by rinsing in deionized ice-cold water. As a final step, negative staining in 2% aqueous Uranyl Acetate was performed, and samples were wicked dry and then allowed to air dry. TEM examination was performed using JEM 1230 transmission electron microscope (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA) at 110 kV and imaged with an UltraScan 4000 CCD camera & First Light Digital Camera Controller (Gatan Inc., Pleasanton, CA). TEM sample preparation and imaging was performed at the Electron Microscopy and Histology Core Laboratory at Augusta University (
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Aldehydes
Cacodylate
Carbon
Cardiac Arrest
Chloride, Ammonium
Cold Temperature
Copper
Electron Microscopy
Exosomes
Formvar
Gold
Immunoglobulins
Light
Neoplasm Metastasis
Nickel
paraform
Rabbits
Silver
Strains
Thumb
Transmission Electron Microscopy
uranyl acetate
Most recents protocols related to «Nickel chloride»
All of the reagents and materials were noted to be of analytical quality. Vancomycin (≥85%, CAS no. 1404-93-9), tetra-chloroauric acid trihydrate (HAuCl4.3H2O; 99.9%, CAS no. 16961-25-4), polyethyleneimine (50% w/v in H2O; Mw. 750k, CAS no. 9002-98-6), glutathione, BSA (Bovine serum albumin) and formaldehyde (36.0% in H2O) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Mumbai, India). Nickel sulfate, mercuric chloride (99.5%), potassium chloride (99%), Nickel sulfate, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride (99%), ammonium chloride, tryptophan, tyrosine, and solvents were purchased from Merck Life Sciences (Bangalore, India). The other plasticware and glassware were acquired from Tarson (Mumbai, India).
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Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy measurements were performed using a Shimadzu UV-2600i spectrophotometer, covering the wavelength range between 400 and 800 nm. Analyses were conducted using a quartz cuvette with an optical path length of 1 cm. A concentrated stock solution of nickel chloride hexahydrate in milli-Q water was prepared to construct the calibration curve. Between 10 and 12 standard solutions were prepared in a range of intermediate concentrations, by direct dilution of the stock solution with milli-Q water. The previous solutions were then analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy.
The desired curve was obtained by representing the absorbances or luminescence intensities read as a function of concentration. It was statistically validated, and its parameters were used to determine the analytical thresholds.
Studies were conducted on the interactions between nickel chloride and different analytes (α, β, and γ-CD). A similar procedure was followed for each analyte. Initially, a concentrated stock solution of nickel chloride hexahydrate was prepared, from which intermediate concentration solutions (usually between 10 mM and 50 mM) were created by dilution in milli-Q water. Next, each compound was weighed and placed in separate sample bottles to which 10 mL of the previously prepared stock solution was added. The calibration curve was obtained by using a set of aqueous nickel chloride solutions prepared by dilution of a stock solution.
The desired curve was obtained by representing the absorbances or luminescence intensities read as a function of concentration. It was statistically validated, and its parameters were used to determine the analytical thresholds.
Studies were conducted on the interactions between nickel chloride and different analytes (α, β, and γ-CD). A similar procedure was followed for each analyte. Initially, a concentrated stock solution of nickel chloride hexahydrate was prepared, from which intermediate concentration solutions (usually between 10 mM and 50 mM) were created by dilution in milli-Q water. Next, each compound was weighed and placed in separate sample bottles to which 10 mL of the previously prepared stock solution was added. The calibration curve was obtained by using a set of aqueous nickel chloride solutions prepared by dilution of a stock solution.
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Iron(III) chloride (FeCl3), Chromium(II) chloride (CrCl2), Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2·6H2O), Nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2·6H2O), Copper(II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O), Manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2·4H2O), Chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6·6H2O) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All chemicals are of analytical purity and used without further purification.
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The Ni–P electroless
plating solution (ENF, Young-In Plachem Co., Korea) used in the experiment
was based on nickel sulfate (Table 1 ). An electroless plating bath was composed of phosphorus
(8%) and nickel (6 g/L). A commercial product was purchased and used
for reproducibility. Petroleum-based coke (Anshan Iron and Steel Group
Corporation, China) was sieved to make the size uniform between 200
and 250 μm. Tin chloride (SnCl2), hydrochloric acid
(HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), and palladium chloride (PdCl2) were obtained from DEAJUNG Chem., Korea.
plating solution (ENF, Young-In Plachem Co., Korea) used in the experiment
was based on nickel sulfate (
(8%) and nickel (6 g/L). A commercial product was purchased and used
for reproducibility. Petroleum-based coke (Anshan Iron and Steel Group
Corporation, China) was sieved to make the size uniform between 200
and 250 μm. Tin chloride (SnCl2), hydrochloric acid
(HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), and palladium chloride (PdCl2) were obtained from DEAJUNG Chem., Korea.
Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, AR), Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4·3H2O, AR), Potassium hydroxide (KOH, AR), Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 1 M), Potassium nitrate (KNO3, AR), Potassium nitrite (KNO2, AR), Anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2, AR), Nickel chloride (NiCl2, AR), Manganese chloride (MnCl2, AR), and Cobalt chloride (CoCl2, AR) were obtained from Tianjin Kermel Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China).
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Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
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Nickel(II) chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NiCl2. It is a green crystalline solid that is soluble in water and various organic solvents. Nickel(II) chloride is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and in various industrial applications.
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Nickel chloride hexahydrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NiCl2·6H2O. It is a green crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. The compound is commonly used as a precursor in the synthesis of other nickel compounds and as a source of nickel ions in various applications.
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Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.
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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.