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Osmium Tetroxide

Osmium tetroxide is a powerful oxidizing agent used in various scientific and medical applications.
It is commonly employed in microscopy and histology for the fixation and staining of biological samples.
Osmium tetroxide is also utilized in the synthesis of organic compounds and the analysis of unsaturated lipids.
Its unique chemical properties make it a valuable tool for researchers across diverse fields, though care must be taken due to its tocsity.
PubCompare.ai's platform can help scientists easily locate and compare protocols from literature, preprints, and patents to identify the best methods and products for their osmium tetroxide-based research, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.

Most cited protocols related to «Osmium Tetroxide»

1
Ultrastructural Analysis of Sciatic Nerve, Spinal Cord, and Muscle in TWI Mice
Cited 231 times
Postnatal day 30 (P30) TWI mice and their WT littermates (5 for each experimental group processed in 5 different experimental sessions, every TWI with its WT littermate) and one P15 TWI mouse versus its WT littermate were perfused with a fixative solution (4% paraformaldehyde and 0.1%–1%–2.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4). Sciatic nerves, spinal cords and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected and post-fixed for 4 hours at room temperature in the same fixative solution.
Spinal cords were dissected in the lumbar region, isolating four 1-mm-thick sections in the lumbar enlargement region and the gastrocnemius muscles were cut in small portions, approximately 1 mm3 in volume. Sciatic nerves were processed without further sectioning.
The selected tissues were further treated for epoxy resin embedding as previously described43 . Briefly, the samples were deeper fixed in 2–2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.4). After rinsing, specimens were post-fixed with osmium tetroxide (1%)-potassium ferricyanide (1%) in cacodylate buffer, rinsed again, en bloc stained with 3% uranyl acetate in ethanol, dehydrated and embedded in epoxy resin, that was baked for 48 h at 60 °C. Thin sections were obtained with an ultramicrotome (UC7, Leica Microsystems, Vienna, Austria) and collected on G300Cu grids (EMS). Finally, sections were examined with a Zeiss LIBRA 120 plus transmission electron microscope equipped with an in-column omega filter.
Cappello V., Marchetti L., Parlanti P., Landi S., Tonazzini I., Cecchini M., Piazza V, & Gemmi M. (2016). Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease. Scientific Reports, 6, 1.
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Publication 2016
Buffers Cacodylate Epoxy Resins Ethanol Fixatives Glutaral Hypertrophy Lumbar Region Mice, House Microtomy Muscle, Gastrocnemius Osmium Tetroxide paraform Phosphates potassium ferricyanide Sciatic Nerve Spinal Cord Tissues Transmission Electron Microscopy Ultramicrotomy uranyl acetate
2
Rodent Brain Tissue Preparation for Microscopy
Cited 20 times
Muscle tissue was prepared as described in Schwarz et al. (2000) (link). For the preparation of rodent brain tissue the animals were perfused transcardially first with 30 ml of phosphate-buffered saline and then with 40 ml of fixative solution (4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M PBS [pH 7.4]). The brain tissue was then removed and kept in fixative over night at 4 °C. After being washed twice in PBS, tissue slices (0.2 to 1.5 mm thick) were cut on a vibratome (752 M Vibroslice, Campden Instruments, Leichester, United Kingdom) and kept for 24 h in PBS at 4 °C. Pieces about 1.5 mm in size were then excised and washed three times for 30 min each in cacodylate buffer at pH 7.4.The tissue was postfixed for 2 h in 2% osmium tetroxide/1.5% potassium ferric cyanide in aqueous solution at room temperature. Then the tissue was subjected to a contrast enhancement step by soaking it over night in a solution of 4% uranyl acetate in a 25% methanol/75% water mixture (Stempak and Ward 1964 (link)) at room temperature. After that the tissue was dehydrated in a methanol sequence (25%, 70%, 90%, and 100% for 30 min each) followed by infiltration of the epoxy (Spurr, Epon 812, or Araldite, all from Serva, Heidelberg, Germany) monomer (epoxy/methanol 1:1, for 3 h rotation at room temperature; epoxy/methanol 3:1, overnight at 4°C; pure epoxy, 3 h rotating at room temperature). Polymerization was 48 h at 60 °C for Epon and at 70 °C for Spurr and Araldite. The block face was trimmed to a width of several hundred microns and a length of about 500 μm using either a conventional microtome or a sharp knife. SEM images of the untrimmed block face can be used to select the desired field of view before the final trimming step producing the desired small cutting pyramid.
Denk W, & Horstmann H. (2004). Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy to Reconstruct Three-Dimensional Tissue Nanostructure. PLoS Biology, 2(11), e329.
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Publication 2004
Animals araldite Brain Buffers Cacodylate EPON Epon 812 Epoxy Resins Face Fixatives Methanol Microtomy Muscle Tissue Osmium Tetroxide paraform Phosphates Polymerization Potassium Cyanide Rodent Saline Solution spurr resin Tissues uranyl acetate
3
Multimodal Imaging of Biological Structures
Cited 18 times
Experimental datasets used in this study:

Vesicles are giant unilamellar vesicles made of DOPC, supplemented with 0.1% DOPE-Atto647N (ref AD-647N, Atto-tec, Germany) and 0.03% DSPE-PEG(2000) Biotin (ref 880129, Avanti Polar Lipids, USA) electroformed during 1 h at 1V RMS [44 (link)] in a sucrose buffer at 250 milliosmoles. Vesicules were adhered on avidin coated glass coverslips, deflated with an hyperosomotic shock due to buffer evaporation and imaged with a Yokogawa spinning-disc CSU-X1 mounted on a Nikon Ti-Eclipse microscope stand using a 100x objective with NA 1.3 (z spacing 340 nm, xy pixel size 122 nm).

MRI dataset was acquired from a normal healthy person, using a FLAIR sequence.

FIB-SEM 80% confluent HeLa cells were rinsed once with PBS, fixed for 3h on ice using 2.5% glutaraldehyde/2% paraformaldehyde in buffer A (0.15M cacodylate, 2mM CaCl2). Then cells were extensively washed on ice in buffer A, pelleted and incubated 1h on ice in 2% osmium tetroxide and 1.5% potassium Ferro cyanide in buffer A and finally rinsed 5 times in distilled water at room temperature. Cells were then incubated 20min at room temperature in 0.1M thiocarbohydrazide, which had been passed through a 0.22 μm filter, and extensively washed with water. Samples were incubated overnight at 4° C protected from light in 1% uranyl-acetate, washed in water, further incubated in 20mM lead aspartame for 30min at 60°C and finally washed in water. Samples were dehydrated in a graded series ethanol, embedded in hard Epon and incubated for 60h at 45°C then for 60 h at 60°C. A small bloc was cut and mounted on a pin, coated with gold and inserted into the chamber the HELIOS 660 Nanolab DualBeam SEM/FIB microscope (FEI Company, Eindhoven, Netherlands). ROI were prepared using focused ion beam (FIB) and ROI set to be approximatively 20 microns wide. For imaging, electrons were detected using Elstar In-Column secondary electrons Detector (ICD). During acquisition process, the thickness of the FIB slice between each image acquisition was 5 nm.

The drosophila egg chamber is dissected from a drosophila ovary. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI and cell membranes labeled with the fusion proteins Nrg::GFP and Bsg::GFP [45 (link)]. The egg chamber was embedded in Vectashield and spacers were used to prevent tissue deformation. Images were acquired using an inverted Olympus point scanning confocal microscope IX81 with a 60x objective NA 1.42(z spacing 750 nm, xy pixel size 265 nm).

Machado S., Mercier V, & Chiaruttini N. (2019). LimeSeg: a coarse-grained lipid membrane simulation for 3D image segmentation. BMC Bioinformatics, 20, 2.
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Publication 2019
1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol 2000) 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine Aspartame Avidin Biotin Buffers Cacodylate Cell Nucleus Cells DAPI Drosophila Electrons EPON Ethanol Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy Gigantism Glutaral Gold HeLa Cells Light Lipids Microscopy Microscopy, Confocal Neuregulins Osmium Tetroxide Ovary paraform Plasma Membrane Potassium Cyanide Shock Sucrose thiocarbohydrazide Tissues Unilamellar Vesicles uranyl acetate
4
Tracing Regenerated Spinal Axons After Injury
Cited 13 times
Two mice with T8 crush injuries received unilateral injections of BDA into the sensorimotor cortex at 10 weeks post-injury and were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde 2 weeks later. An approximately 8mm segment of the spinal cord containing the lesion site was sectioned in the sagittal plane on a Vibratome® at 50μm. Sections were incubated for 1 h with avidin and biotinylated HRP (Vectastain ABC kit; Vector Laboratories), washed in PBS, and then reacted with DAB in 50mM Tris buffer, pH 7.6, 0.024% hydrogen peroxide, and 0.5% nickel chloride. The sections were examined under a light microscope while still wet. Serial sections with BDA labeled axons caudal to the injury were selected for electron microscopic analysis.
The selected sections were rinsed in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer and postfixed with 1 % osmium tetroxide in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer for 1 hour, rinsed in ddH20 for 2 × 10 min., dehydrated in increasing serial dilutions of ethanol (70%, 85%, 95%, 100% × 2) for 10 min each, put in propylene oxide (intermediate solvent) for 2 × 10 min, incubated in propylene oxide/Spurr’s resin (1:1 mix) for 30 min, and in Spurr’s resin overnight. Sections were flat-embedded between two sheets of “Aclar” film and polymerized overnight at 60° Celsius.
Images were taken of each section and imported into Adobe Photoshop. Tracings were made of the BDA labeled axons present in each image. Then the tracings were aligned and collapsed into a single image so as to reveal the BDA labeled axons in the collection of sections. One section of the series was chosen for electron microscopic analysis, and a collection of bouton-like swellings on the regenerated axons were identified in advance. Ultrathin sections of 60 nm thickness were cut, mounted on copper grids and viewed using a JEOL 1400 electron microscope. Individual BDA-labeled boutons were then located and assessed at the electron microscopic level.
Liu K., Lu Y., Lee J.K., Samara R., Willenberg R., Sears-Kraxberger I., Tedeschi A., Park K.K., Jin D., Cai B., Xu B., Connolly L., Steward O., Zheng B, & He Z. (2010). PTEN Deletion Enhances the Regenerative Ability of Adult Corticospinal Neurons. Nature neuroscience, 13(9), 1075-1081.
Publication 2010
Avidin Axon Buffers Cacodylate Cloning Vectors Copper Edema Electron Microscopy Ethanol Injuries Injuries, Crush Light Microscopy Mice, House nickel chloride Osmium Tetroxide paraform Peroxide, Hydrogen Presynaptic Terminals propylene oxide Sensorimotor Cortex Solvents Spinal Cord spurr resin Technique, Dilution Tromethamine
5
Rapid Microwave Fixation and Preservation of YFP Mouse Brains for EM
Cited 13 times

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Publication 2010
Adult Animals Animals, Laboratory Brain Cerebral Hemispheres Ethanol Fixatives Fluorescence Formaldehyde Glutaral Halothane Inhalation Mice, House Microwaves Osmium Tetroxide Phosphates potassium ferricyanide Saline Solution Sucrose Tissues

Most recents protocols related to «Osmium Tetroxide»

1
Transmission Electron Microscopy of Colonic Tissue
Colonic tissues were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. After removal of excess fixative with PBS, samples were fixed with 1% osmic acid at 20 °C for 2 h, dehydrated in acetone, and then infiltrated with acetone and epoxy. Epoxy resin-embedded tissues were sectioned (80 nm in thickness), stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and finally viewed under a transmission electron microscope (FEI, Hillsboro, America).
Yang J., Wang L., Mei M., Guo J., Yang X, & Liu S. (2023). Electroacupuncture repairs intestinal barrier by upregulating CB1 through gut microbiota in DSS-induced acute colitis. Chinese Medicine, 18, 24.
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Publication 2023
Acetone Citrate Colon Epoxy Resins Fixatives Glutaral Osmium Tetroxide Tissues Transmission Electron Microscopy uranyl acetate
2
Ultrastructural Analysis of Olfactory Organ
For Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the olfactory organ was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M PB (pH 7.4) and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. The dehydrated specimens were dried with t-butyl alcohol using a freeze dryer, ES2030 (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). The specimens were coated with osmium and examined by SEM (JSM7001F; JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).
Nakamuta S., Yamamoto Y., Miyazaki M., Sakuma A., Nikaido M, & Nakamuta N. (2023). Type 1 vomeronasal receptor expression in juvenile and adult lungfish olfactory organ. Zoological Letters, 9, 6.
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Publication 2023
Butanols Freezing Glutaral Osmium Osmium Tetroxide Scanning Electron Microscopy Sense of Smell
3
SEM Analysis of Mature Fruit Shells
Shells of ETH3 and control were collected at the fruit mature stage of ‘Huashuo’. The samples were fixed in 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde solution for 3 h, and then post-fixed in 1.0% (w/v) osmium tetroxide for 2 h. They were washed in 0.1 mol-1 sodium phosphate buffer. Dehydration was completed in a graded series of ethanol. Anhydrous ethanol was replaced with 3-methylbutyl acetate for SEM. The samples were critical-point dried and sputter-coated with gold, and the fracture plane of different samples was observed using SEM (Zeiss Supra 10 vp; Carl Zeiss Microscope, NY, USA) at 50-fold magnification (20 kV).
Li H., Ma X., Wang W., Zhang J., Liu Y, & Yuan D. (2023). Enhancing the accumulation of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid through the pre-harvest ethylene treatment in Camellia oleifera. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1080946.
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Publication 2023
Absolute Alcohol Acetate Buffers Dehydration Ethanol Fracture, Bone Fruit Glutaral Gold Microscopy Osmium Tetroxide sodium phosphate
4
Electron Microscopy of Virus-Infected Insects
For electron microscopy, the midgut or reproductive organs of RdFV-free, RdFV-positive or RdFV and RGDV co-positive male or female adults, or the spermatheca of virus-free females at different days after mating with RdFV-positive males were excised, fixed with 2% (v/v) glutaradehyde and 2% (v/v) paraformaldehyde in PBS for 2 h at room temperature, and then postfixed with 1% (w/v) osmium tetroxide in PBS for 1 h at room temperature. The fixed samples were dehydrated in grade series of ethanol up to 100% and embedded in Spurr’s resin (SPI Ltd). Samples were sectioned on an ultramicrotome (Leica) with a diamond knife. The ultrathin sections were observed with a transmission electron microscope (H-7650; Hitachi).
For immunoelectron microscopy, the samples were fixed with 2% (v/v) glutaradehyde and 2% (v/v) paraformaldehyde in PBS for 2 h at room temperature. Fixed samples were dehydrated through a graded ethanol series at −20 °C and embedded in LR gold resin (Bioscience). Polymerization was allowed to proceed for 72 h at −20 °C. Samples were sectioned on an ultramicrotome (LKB Nova) with a diamond knife and the ultrathin sections were then immunolabeled with HongrES1-, CP- or P8-specific IgG (0.5 μg/μl) as the primary antibody, and then treated with goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated with 15-nm diameter gold particles (0.5 μg/μl; Abcam) as the secondary antibody. Then the samples were examined under the transmission electron microscope.
Wan J., Liang Q., Zhang R., Cheng Y., Wang X., Wang H., Zhang J., Jia D., Du Y., Zheng W., Tang D., Wei T, & Chen Q. (2023). Arboviruses and symbiotic viruses cooperatively hijack insect sperm-specific proteins for paternal transmission. Nature Communications, 14, 1289.
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Publication 2023
Adult anti-IgG Diamond Electron Microscopy Ethanol Females Genitalia Goat Gold Immunoglobulins LR gold Males Microscopy, Immunoelectron Osmium Tetroxide paraform Polymerization Rabbits spurr resin Transmission Electron Microscopy Ultramicrotomy Virus
5
Ultrastructural Analysis of Ileal Tissue
5-mm-long segments of terminal ileum were immediately fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde at 4 °C for overnight. Next, samples were post-fixed with 2% osmium tetroxide at 4 °C for 2 h. Dehydration was carried out, followed by embedding in Quetol-812 epoxy resin (Nisshin EM). After staining with 2% uranyl acetate and lead stain solution (Sigma), the ultrathin sections were examined with a JEM-1400Plus transmission electron microscope (JEOL Ltd.) at an acceleration voltage of 100 kV.
Nakamura S., Nakamura K., Yokoi Y., Shimizu Y., Ohira S., Hagiwara M., Song Z., Gan L., Aizawa T., Hashimoto D., Teshima T., Ouellette A.J, & Ayabe T. (2023). Decreased Paneth cell α-defensins promote fibrosis in a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet-induced mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via disrupting intestinal microbiota. Scientific Reports, 13, 3953.
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Publication 2023
Acceleration Dehydration Epoxy Resins Glutaral Ileum Osmium Tetroxide paraform Quetol 812 Stains Transmission Electron Microscopy uranyl acetate

Top products related to «Osmium Tetroxide»

1
H 7650 by Hitachi
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The Hitachi H-7650 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) designed for high-resolution imaging of materials. It provides a core function of nanoscale imaging and analysis of a wide range of samples.
2
Glutaraldehyde by Merck Group
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Glutaraldehyde is a chemical compound used as a fixative and disinfectant in various laboratory applications. It serves as a cross-linking agent, primarily used to preserve biological samples for analysis.
3
Ht7700 by Hitachi
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The HT7700 is a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) designed for materials analysis and characterization. It provides advanced imaging and analytical capabilities for a wide range of applications in materials science, nanotechnology, and life sciences. The core function of the HT7700 is to enable high-resolution, high-contrast imaging and elemental analysis of nanoscale structures and materials.
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Osmium tetroxide by Merck Group
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Osmium tetroxide is a chemical compound commonly used in various laboratory applications. It is a crystalline solid with a strong, pungent odor. Osmium tetroxide is known for its oxidizing properties and has several core functions in laboratory settings.
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Jem 1400 by JEOL
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The JEM-1400 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) produced by JEOL. It is designed to provide high-quality imaging and analysis of a wide range of materials at the nanoscale level. The JEM-1400 offers a maximum accelerating voltage of 120 kV and features advanced optics and detectors to enable detailed examination of samples.
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Em uc7 by Leica
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The Leica EM UC7 is an ultramicrotome designed for cutting ultrathin sections of samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. It features a precision-engineered cutting mechanism that allows for the preparation of high-quality ultrathin sections with thicknesses ranging from 15 to 500 nanometers.
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Osmium tetroxide by Electron Microscopy Sciences
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Osmium tetroxide is a chemical compound with the formula OsO4. It is a colorless to pale yellow crystalline solid that readily sublimes. Osmium tetroxide is used as a staining agent in electron microscopy to enhance the contrast of biological samples.
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Embed 812 by Electron Microscopy Sciences
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Embed 812 is a high-quality embedding medium used in electron microscopy sample preparation. It is a cross-linking epoxy resin that provides excellent support and preservation of ultrastructural details in biological and material science specimens.
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Ultramicrotome by Leica
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The Ultramicrotome is a precision instrument designed for the preparation of ultrathin sections of materials for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. It employs a diamond knife to slice samples into extremely thin sections, typically less than 100 nanometers thick, enabling the detailed examination of the internal structure and composition of a wide range of materials.
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Glutaraldehyde by Electron Microscopy Sciences
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Glutaraldehyde is a chemical compound used as a fixative agent in electron microscopy. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Glutaraldehyde is commonly used to preserve and stabilize biological specimens for analysis under an electron microscope.

More about "Osmium Tetroxide"

Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is a widely utilized chemical compound in various scientific and medical fields.
This powerful oxidizing agent finds applications in microscopy, histology, organic synthesis, and lipid analysis.
Microscopy and Histology: OsO4 is commonly employed for the fixation and staining of biological samples, enhancing the contrast and preserving the ultrastructural details of cells and tissues.
It is often used in combination with other fixatives like glutaraldehyde (H-7650) to prepare specimens for transmission electron microscopy (JEM-1400) and scanning electron microscopy (EM UC7).
Organic Synthesis: The unique chemical properties of OsO4 make it a valuable tool for the synthesis of organic compounds.
It is particularly useful in the analysis and characterization of unsaturated lipids, where it can be used to identify the location and degree of unsaturation.
Sample Preparation: In sample preparation, OsO4 is frequently used in conjunction with embedding media like Embed 812 to ensure proper infiltration and polymerization during the embedding process.
Ultramicrotomes (Ultramicrotome) are then employed to obtain thin sections of the embedded samples for further analysis.
Researchers across diverse fields, such as cell biology, materials science, and nanotechnology, rely on OsO4-based techniques to enhance the quality and reproducibility of their studies.
PubCompare.ai's platform can assist scientists in easily locating and comparing protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, allowing them to identify the best methods and products for their OsO4-based research, ultimately improving reproducibility and accuracy.